阅读理解专项训练(学案)

阅读专项训练教案一、教学目标1. 提高学生的阅读速度和理解能力。

2. 培养学生的批判性思维和分析能力。

3. 增强学生的词汇积累和语言运用能力。

4. 激发学生的阅读兴趣，培养终身阅读的习惯。

二、教学重点1. 快速阅读技巧：跳读、略读、扫读等。

2. 理解文章的主旨大意和细节信息。

3. 识别和分析文章的结构和逻辑关系。

4. 词汇和短语的理解和运用。

三、教学难点1. 如何在提高阅读速度的同时保证理解质量。

2. 培养学生的批判性思维，不盲目接受文章观点。

3. 词汇和短语的深入理解和灵活运用。

四、教学方法1. 讲授法：介绍阅读技巧和策略。

2. 练习法：通过大量的阅读练习来巩固技巧。

3. 讨论法：鼓励学生就阅读材料进行讨论，分享观点。

4. 反馈法：对学生的阅读成果进行评价和指导。

五、教学准备1. 精选阅读材料：包括不同类型和难度的文章。

2. 阅读技巧指导手册：包含阅读策略和技巧的介绍。

3. 词汇表：列出阅读材料中可能出现的生词和短语。

六、教学过程（一）导入（5分钟）1. 激发兴趣：通过简短的故事或问题，引起学生对阅读的兴趣。

2. 明确目标：向学生说明本节课的学习目标和重要性。

（二）新课讲解（15分钟）1. 介绍快速阅读技巧，如跳读、略读、扫读等，并解释每种技巧的适用场景。

2. 讲解如何抓住文章的主旨大意，识别文章的结构和逻辑关系。

3. 分享词汇学习策略，如上下文猜测词义、同义词替换等。

（三）实践练习（20分钟）1. 分发阅读材料，让学生尝试运用快速阅读技巧。

2. 指导学生如何标记文章中的关键信息和生词。

3. 让学生总结文章的主旨大意，并尝试用自己的话复述。

（四）小组讨论（15分钟）1. 将学生分成小组，每组讨论阅读材料的内容和结构。

2. 鼓励学生分享自己的理解和观点，进行思维碰撞。

3. 每组选出代表，向全班展示讨论结果。

（五）词汇学习（10分钟）1. 列出阅读材料中的生词和短语，进行讲解和举例。

2. 让学生尝试用这些词汇造句，加深理解和记忆。

专项复习三 阅读理解学案对于阅读理解的解题技巧，大多是对学生作答技巧的归纳。

分为步骤法和题型法。

步骤法：快速阅读全文+认真逐题作答+复查校对答案 题型法：细节理解+猜测词义+推理判断+主旨大意大多数学生做阅读理解时，先精读文章，然后做题，这样的优点是做题有底气，详细掌握文本内容，缺点是耗费时间，受复杂句子干扰。

另一种是先仔细研读试题题干和选项，带着问题去文章中找答案，这种做法优点是节约时间，缺点是考生基本功要扎实，遇到复杂题目往往一知半解。

根据实际情况，考生可以灵活掌握。

若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。

这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。

或者，考生先精读首段和其余各段首句，把握文章的中心和结构，然后细读问题，锁定答案区域。

1.审标题，抓中心标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。

试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。

2.览全文，知全貌快速通读全文，了解全文的梗概。

要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话。

每段的第一句，常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点；而结尾部分一、细节理解题通过阅读短文,可以直接从阅读材料中找到这类问题的答案,常考查的方面有事件发生的时间,地点,原因,方式,过程,结局,人物之间的关系,事件之间的关系,词和句的含义等，通过快速阅读扫描确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。

事实细节题设题手段单一，常常针对文章中某个容易误解的关键词句或概念，通过移花接木的手段组成是非辨别选择题，难度较小，属浅层理解题。

1.常见的提问形式：1) 是非判断类型Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?2)特殊疑问词提问类型How many……?What/who/when/where/how/why……? 3)排序题类型Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4)例证题类型The author gives the example in……paragraph in order to ……2.解题方法1）是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。

小学语文阅读理解题型练习小学语文阅读理解题型练习小学阅读教学的重点是培养学生对语言文字的感受理解、积累和初步的运用能力。

高年级的阅读重点是提高阅读的速度和质量，体会词语的感情色彩，句子的含义及表达效果，揣摩文章的叙述顺序，领悟文章的表达方法等。

阅读理解考察的内容包括：理解词语，体会句子的含义，概括段落的主要内容，揭示文章的思想以及对文章关键人物的评价等。

下面我来谈谈在阅读理解短文上的一点想法：要在阅读上有所突破，首先要培养习惯，读懂文章后再动笔。

什么叫“读懂文章”，我做了这样一些界定：读完文章后，（1）要知道这篇文章写的是什么？写人还是写事，写景还是写物？（2）作者写这篇文章是要表达某种情感还是说明某个道理？（3）我能概括出文章的内容。

（4）我能用想回答好这五个问题，文章不读上三遍是不可能一下子弄清楚的。

因此教育孩子阅读短文，文章至少读三遍，读第一遍，标小节号，题目边上写清楚：写什么；读第二遍时，想文章的内容，是抒情还是说理，题目的作用是什么读第三遍时，写中心词或者在文中勾画中心句，作者表达什么。

正如叶圣陶所说：“一篇文章要理解的透，必须多揣摩，读一遍，再读第二遍，第三遍……”每读一遍都有事情可做，孩子的读有目的，读懂文章是完成阅读题的关键。

阅读理解题型及解答方法一、联系上下文理解词语——瞻前顾后所谓“瞻前顾后”具体是指联系文章前后文的句子明确词义，在具体语境中揣摩词义的变化，用自己最通俗的语言表达出来。

其实解释词语的方法有很多，找近、反义词；抓住关键词解释等，在基础部分复习时大家一定会注意的。

二、理解句子的含义，谈谈自己读句子的体会——字面+中心+生活。

所谓“字面+中心+生活实际”指的是，先理解句子的字面意思，解释句中的关键词语，连词成句；联系文章前后的内容来解释句子，联系文章中心来理解句意，最后要结合自己的生活实际来谈感受，作者写文章的目的是表达自己的情感，或者说明一个道理，希望与我们达到共鸣，我们要联系自己的生活，来谈体会。

六年级下阅读理解完形填空专项练习学案Reading Comprehension (1)A.True or False.Hawaii is the fiftieth state of the United States of America—but it's right in the middle of the Pacific Ocean!Mel's mother's family come from New York, but his father's family have always lived in Hawaii Mel's never been to mainland(本土) America. It's a nine-hour flight away! He lives on the Big Island, where there's a famous volcano(火山). But he doesn't live near the volcano, he lives next to the sea. He can't imagine(想象) life anywhere else!Mel is wearing a T-shirt and shorts—he always wears T-shirts and shorts! The weather in Hawaii is always warm and there is no uniform at his school. He is very healthy, because he spends a lot of time swimming and surfing. He and his friends go to the beach after school, and don't come home till dark.( ) 1. Mel's parents are from New York.( ) 2. His mother's family have always lived in Hawaii.( ) 3. He lives next to the most famous volcano.( ) 4. The weather in Hawaii is always warm.( ) 5. Mel enjoys swimming and surfing very much.() 6. Mel comes back home as soon as school is over.( ) 7. Mel will probably find it hard to live in a place without a sea nearby.B.Choose the best answer.John is 12 years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine.Cough MedicineShake (摇动) it well before use.Take it three times each day before meals.Dose(药量) :Age:over 14 2 teaspoonful(勺)8—13 1 teaspoon fuls4 — 71/2 teaspoonfulNot right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place. Use it before December 1 st, 2009.( ) 8. Why did John cough day and night? Because he_____________.A. had a feverB. had toothacheC. had a headacheD. had a bad cold() 9. John should take _____________ a day.A. 2 teaspoonfulsB. 3 teaspoonfulsC. 4 teaspoonfulsD. 1teaspoonful()10. The medicine should be kept in ______________ .A. a fridgeB. hot waterC. any placeD. thesun( )11. John should____________before he takes it.A. shake the medicine wellB. eat dinnerC. do some exerciseD. drink a cup of tea( )12. When people are___________ years old, they cannot take this medicine.A. eightyB. thirtyC. twoD.twelve()13. John will__________ the medicine when it is left after Dec. 1st, 2009.A. throw awayB. stop to takeC. take onceD. take six times more( )14. What can we know from this passage?A.We should do more exercise.B.We take cough medicine according to(按照) what the doctor says.C.We can buy cough medicine.D.We can drink only in the evening.C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.Uncle Tom is15than before. He always16the factory very early and is17 late.He usually goes to bed18 ten o'clock at night, and he 19TV for only one hour every day. He does exercises for about six 20 every week, and21 a lot of fruit and vegetables.( )15. A. health B. more health C. much healthier D. healthiest( )16. A. reaches B. goes C. comes D. walks ( )17. A. always B. often C. usually D. never ( )18. A. before B. after C. about D. on ()19. A. sees B. looks C. watches D. watch ( )20. A. weeks B. days C. minutes D. hours ( )21. A. ate B. eating C. eats D. eatD.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.City people are always busy. They are always in a h 22. That is why they like supermarkets. You can buy things q 23and easily in a supermarket. If you w24 something, you just put it in your basket. You do not ask, "How m 25does this cost?" The p 26are on all the cans and packages. Then you t 27your basket to a checkout to pay and then g 28away.22. h_________ 23. q ________ 24. w ________ 25. m ________ 26.p_________27. t __________ 28. g________E.Answer the questions.You know Bill Gates is the head of Microsoft Company and the world's richest man. But what else do you know about him? See what we found for you on the internet:Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955. His full name is William Henry Gates III. (Editor's note: Bill is the pet name of William. )He was born and grew up in Seattle, USA.He entered Harvard University in 1973 but dropped out(退学) in 1975.If you change all of Bill Gate's money to 1-dollar notes, you can make a road from the earth to the moon, about 10 times back and forth (来回).He can donate(捐款) 7 dollars to everyone on the earth and still has around $ 50 million for his pocket money.In 1996, Bill Clinton won the US Presidential Election(美国总统大选) with a total of 47,401,185 votes(选票). If Bill Gates wanted to be President, he could easily pay each voter(投票者) 870 dollars and buy 47,401,186 votes(one more than Clinton got) with his money.If Michael Jordan doesn't drink and eat, and keeps up his income(收入), $30 million each year, he'll have to wait for more than 150 years to become as rich as Bill Gates.29. Who is Bill Gates?30. When was Bill Gates born?31. Where did he grow up?32. When did he enter Harvard University?33. When did Bill Clinton win the US Presidential Election?34. How many dollars can he donate to everyone on the earth and still have a lot of pocket money?35. If Bill Gates wanted to be President what could he do?【Keys】1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. D9. B10. A 11. A 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.C 20.D 21. C22. hurry 23. quickly 24. want 25. much 26. prices 27. take 28. go29. He is the head of Microsoft Company and the world's richest man.30. On October 28, 1955. 31. He grew up in Seattle, USA.32. He entered Harvard University in 1973. 33. In 1996. 34. 7 dollars.35. He could easily pay each voter 870 dollars and buy 47,401,186 votes (one more than Clinton got) with his money.Reading Comprehension (2)A.True or False.Too politeThere are many people in the bus. Some have seats, but some have to stand. At a bus stop, a woman gets on the bus. An old man hears the door and tries to stand up."Oh, no, thank you," the woman forces him back to the seat. "Please don't do that. I can stand. ""But, madam, let me ..." says the man."I ask you to keep your seat," the woman says. She puts her hands on the old man's shoulder.But the man still tries to stand up, "Madam, will you please let me ... ?" "Oh, no," says the woman. She again forces the man back.At last the old man shouts, "I want to get off the bus!"( ) 1. All the people have seats in the bus.( ) 2. An old man gets on the bus at a bus stop.( ) 3. The old man wants to give his seat to the woman.() 4. The woman sits the old man's seat.( ) 5. The old man wants to get off the bus.( ) 6. This passage tells us the woman was too polite.() 7. The man was angry at last.B.Choose the best answer.Over thirty thousand years ago, people from Northern Asia(亚洲北部) went to America. Today, we call these people Indians(印第安人). The Indians went to America because the weather began to change. Northern (北部的) Asia became very cold. Everything froze. They had to move or they would die. How did the first Indians go to America? They walked! Later, Columbus found the New World in 1492. At first, only a few Europeans followed(跟随). They travelled to America in boats. For the next three hundred years, about 500,000 people went there. Then the number grew very quickly. From 1815 to 1915, over thirty-two million Europeans left their countries and went to the United States. The biggest groups were from Germany and Italy (意大利). These Europeans spoke many different languages. Most of them took almost no money. They went to America so that they could find a better life.( ) 8. ______________went to America first.A. Peopie from northern AsiaB. People from EuropeC. People from GermanyD.Columbus( ) 9. Why did the Indians go to America? Because______________ .A.northern Asia became very hotB.northern Asia became very coldC.they were interested in AmericaD.they liked traveling( )10. The New World was_______________ .A. ItalyB. northern AsiaC. GermanyD. America( )11. How did the first Indians go to America? They ___________________ !A. walkB. walkingC. walkedD. walks ()12. The first Europeans went to America_________________ .A. by shipB. by bikeC. by boatD. by train()13. These Europeans____________ .A. didn't speak the same languageB. spoke English onlyC. spoke German onlyD. spoke both English andGerman( )14. Why did they go to America?A.They could make money.B.They could find a better life.C.They want to settle down in America.D.They want a busy life.C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.Alice and Mike are very good friends. They are in the same15at school and they often visit each other's home at the weekend. Now they are16 eight years old. Alice's mother has got a new baby. Alice is very 17to have a littlesister. So she is always talking about her to Mike. At first Mike is very 18in the new baby because he doesn't have any brothers or sisters. But19some time he begins to20 Alice's endless talking about it. But Alice didn't know her friend felt very21 . What should Mike do with the problem?( )15. A. grade B. table C. class D. group()16. A.all B.two C.both D.either()17. A.angry B.sorry C.surprised D.glad()18. A.interesting B.interested C.happy D.pleased()19. A.before B.for C.after D.at()20. A.get rid of B.like C.dislike D.hate()21. A.interested B.excited C.surprised D.boredD.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.There are four s22 in a year; spring, summer, autumn and w 23 . Spring is the first season o 24the year. When spring comes, the w 25 is warmer and the days get 126 .It often r 27. I like spring b 28 .22. s ________ 23. w _______ 24. o_______ 25. w________ 26. 1 _______ 27. r ________ 28. b_______E.Answer the questions.All over the world, people enjoy sports. Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and to live longer.Many people like to watch others play sports games. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. Often they get very excited when their player or team wins.People play different games in winter and summer. Swimming is fun in warm weather, but skating is good in winter.Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them. Football, for example,had spread around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those withmany rivers.Some sports or games go back thousand of years, like running, jumping or discus-throwing.But basketball and volleyball are rather new.29. What do people enjoy all over the world?30. What is the best game in winter?31. What game is popular all over the world?32. What games have a long history in the world?33. Many people have their "own" player or team, don't they?34. How do sports help people?35. What games are new?【Keys】1. F2. F3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. A9.B 10. D 11.C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. C 17. D18. B 19. C 20. C 21. D22. seasons 23. winter 24. of 25. weather 26. longer 27. rains 28. best29. They enjoy sports. 30. Skating. 31. Football.32. Running, jumping or discus-throwing. 33. Yes, they do.34. They help to keep people healthy, happy and to live longer. 35. Basketball and volleyball.Reading Comprehension (3)A.True or False.Many parts of the world have four seasons. They are spring, summer, fall and winter. Spring follows winter. It becomes warmer and the days become longer. Plants begin to grow and many animals have babies. Summer is the hottest season. It does not get dark until late. Plants grow fast. In fall the days get shorter. The weather turns cooler. Trees may lose their leaves. Some birds fly to warmer places. Winter is the coldest season. It gets early in the evening. Plants stop growing and many trees are bare(光秃).() 1. All parts of the world have four seasons.() 2.After winter it becomes warmer and the days become longer.() 3.Many animals have babies in spring.() 4.Summer is the hottest season.() 5.The days become longer in fall.() 6.Winter comes. The plants stop growing.()7.Many trees grow fast in winter.B.Choose the best answer.During the day we work and play. At night we sleep. Our body rests while we sleep. In the morning we are ready to work and play again. Our body grows most while we are sleeping. Children usually need more sleep. We can learn our lessons better after we have had plenty of rest Boys and girls who are eight or nine years old need ten hours of sleep every night. Our body needs plenty of air when we sleep. If we do not get enough fresh air, we will feel tried when we wake up. While in bed we must not cover our heads. Our lungs need to get enough fresh air. If we open our window at night, we can have plenty of fresh air. Cool air is better than warm air. Boys and girls who want to be strong must get plenty of sleep.( ) 8. During the day we______________ . At night we sleep.A. workB. work andplayC. playD. play andsleep( ) 9. Our body grows most while we are______________ .A. eatingB. playingC. sleepingD.exercising( )10. Too little sleep makes us______________ .A. tiredB. hungryC. happyD. grow ()11. What may cause us to feel tired in the morning?A. Too much exercising.B. Not enough fresh air.C. Ten hours.D. Elevenhours.( )12. How many hours of sleep should 9-year-old children have?A. Eight hours.B. Nine hours.C. Ten hours.D. Elevenhours.( )13. What do the lungs need most?A. Fresh air.B. To be covered.C. Warm air.D.Exercises.()14. Boys and girls who want to be strong must get_____________sleep.A. a lotB. manyC. moreD.plenty ofC.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.We have a two-month holiday in summer, During the 15week of the holidays we get ready16school. We buy pencils, pens, paper, new books and copybooks. On the first day of 17we see all our old friends18 and we tell them about the19. Afterthat we go into our classroom. It is so hard to keep20and listen to our teacher. He alwayssays with a laugh. "You forget 21 in two months than you learn in a year!"( )15. A. first B. second C. third D. last( )16. A. for B. to C. at D. with( )17. A. holidays B. school C. lessons D.summer( )18. A. too B. again C. instead D. first( )19. A. summer B. school C. holidays D.lessons( )20. A. excited B. tired C. quiet D. clean( )21. A. more B. less C. most D. bestD.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.The w 22in Shanghai is not good. In winter it is very cold. February is m 23colder than January. In spring it is quite w 24. It rains a lot in April. May is w 25and dry. Summer is very h 26 .July and August are theh 27months of the year. Autumn is all right. It doesn't o 28rain.22. w_________ 23. m _______ 24. w______ 25. w _______ 26. h_______ 27. h _________ 28. o ________E. Answer the questions.Most people on Park Road are still asleep when the milkman comes. He brings the milk every morning before 7 o'clock. But he doesn't only sell milk. You can buy eggs, orange juice from him, too. But there isn't an evening newspaper on Sunday. The postman comes twice a day from Monday to Saturday at half past eight in the morning and one o'clock in the afternoon. He goes there by bike. But when the weather is bad, he uses a post office car. A bread van visits Park Road two afternoons a week. Not many people buy bread from the van because it's more expensive than in the shops.29. What do most people on Park Road do when the milkman comes?30. What can you also buy from the milkman?31. When does the postman come?32. On which day can't people read newspaper?33. What does the postman use when the weather is bad?34. How often does the bread van come?35. Why do not many people buy bread from the van?【Keys】1. F2. T3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. B9.C 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. A 14.D 15. D 16. A 17. B 18.B 19.C 20. C 21. A22. weather 23. much 24. wet 25. windy 26. hot 27. hottest 28. often29. They are still asleep. 30. Eggs and orange juice.31. From Monday to Saturday. 32. On Sundays.33. A post office car. 34. Twice a week. 35. It's more expensive than in the shops.。

阅读理解练习教案一、教学目标通过本节课的阅读理解练习，学生将能够：1. 提高阅读理解的能力，包括文章的理解、细节的把握以及推理能力；2. 训练学生的阅读策略，培养快速定位信息的能力；3. 培养学生的批判性思维和判断能力，提高他们的逻辑思维和推理能力；4. 对学生的语言能力、思维能力以及解决问题的能力进行全面的训练。

二、教学准备1. 阅读理解练习题册；2. 讲台和投影仪；3. 打印出练习题和答案。

三、教学流程1. 引入（5分钟）通过提问或展示一个与练习内容相关的图片，引起学生对主题的兴趣，并预测可能出现的问题。

2. 阅读理解练习（20分钟）将练习题项目投影到屏幕上，并给学生分发练习题册，让学生在一定时间内阅读并回答问题。

3. 分组讨论（15分钟）将学生分成小组，让他们共同讨论并解决练习题。

鼓励学生积极参与，并指导他们如何推理和解答问题。

4. 答案解析（15分钟）选择几道典型的问题进行公开解答，并对解题过程进行解析和讲解。

同时，鼓励学生提问，互相讨论并共享不同的解决方法。

5. 扩展活动（10分钟）提供一些额外的阅读材料或问题，让学生进行更深入的思考和讨论。

鼓励他们从不同的角度思考问题，并探索其他解决方法。

6. 总结（5分钟）对本节课的内容进行总结，强调学生在阅读理解中需要培养的能力和策略，鼓励他们持续练习和提高。

四、巩固练习提供额外的练习题供学生进行巩固练习，并鼓励他们在课后自主进行阅读理解的训练。

五、教学反思本节课通过阅读理解练习的方式，培养了学生的阅读能力和思维能力。

在教学过程中，学生积极参与，合作讨论并提出问题。

在答案解析环节，学生对于问题的理解和推理能力得到了提高。

但教学过程中可能会存在时间不足的问题，需要在时间安排上进行调整。

另外，对于更加高级的阅读理解题，需要提供更多的实例和练习机会，以满足学生的学习需求。

中考语文现代文阅读指导与训练·记叙文阅读记叙文阅读常见题型解题策略及训练题型六分析插叙作用插叙,是在叙述中心事件的过程中,为了帮助展开情节或刻画人物,暂时中断叙述的线索,插入一段与主要情节相关的回忆或故事的叙述方法。

对这一知识点中考考查的是插叙的作用。

常见题型1.选文xx的内容有什么作用?2.作者插叙xx的事在文中的作用是什么?3.某些段与小说的核心内容看似无关,实则联系紧密,请说明理由。

4 有人说x段应该删去,你觉得呢?说说你的理由。

公式呈现(1)结构:使情节更曲折(或更紧凑)(2)内容:可以更好地展开情节,突出主题(或刻画人物)(3)概括内容+为后文铺垫(引出下文)公式解读总体解读:此公式的几点是兼容的,并且在实际的做题过程中要逐点答出,不能遗漏。

插叙作为一种技巧,都是为中心和主题服务的。

在叙述事件的过程中，作者不惜牺牲事件的连贯性而插人一段文字,那就证明这段文字绝不是可有可无的,而是深思熟虑,要达到某种目的的文字。

具体解读:(1)结构:使情节更曲折(或更紧凑)。

插叙是中断叙事的线索,插人一段与主要情节相关的文字。

这样的文字必然破坏了原有叙事的线索,让整个故事情节更有波澜,从这个角度讲自然就有“使情节更曲折”这个作用。

特别提示:有一些试题.本身这段插叙的内容就是为了“承上启下”“对比”“衬托”等,往往这样的文字在文段中比较明显，那么在实际的答题过程中还是要把这些“对比”“衬托”等相关的内容答上,这样势必会使情节更加紧凑。

(2)内容:可以更好地展开情节,突出主题(或刻画人物)。

在实际的中考阅读中,无论是什么技巧,作者有意识地运用,就一定是为了达到某种目的,而这种目的一定是和主题(或中心)相关的。

需要提醒的是,除了要答出“突出主题”这个“套话”外,还应该答出“主题”的具体内容。

而在一些以写人为主的记叙文或是小说(小说的核心是塑造人物)中,这样的插叙文字就会有“刻画人物”的作用。

在一些以叙事为主的文章中,特别是中考常考的记叙文范畴(或小说范畴),插叙就会对情节产生影响,就有了“更好地展开情节”或是“推动情节发展”的作用。

中考语文现代文阅读指导与训练·记叙文阅读记叙文阅读常见题型解题策略及训练题型四品析环境描写作用环境描写是指对人物所处的社会环境和自然环境的描写。

对记叙性的文章,考查环境描写的作用是常见题型。

同学们按照自己的理解答题都可以拿到部分分数，但是要想在中考的考场上答出更佳的答案，获取更高的分数，就需要在理解文章内容上掌握适当的技巧。

常见题型①文中画线句子的环境描写，有怎样的表达效果?②某文段画横线句是_________描写,在文中的作用是___________。

③从全文看,景物描写的作用是什么?④某段画线部分的景物描写有什么作用?公式呈现(1)烘托__________(人物)心情,渲染______气氛;奠定感情基调。

(2)概括内容+推动情节发展(为后文________铺垫),为后文提供合理依据。

(3)交代故事的时间、地点、背景。

公式解读总体解读:这三个阅读答题公式在实际的答题过程中是互通的。

当然,互通不代表在做任何试题的时候,不管实际的情况如何,都一股脑地堆砌上去,而是应该有选择地运用。

这三个公式,不是“环境描写作用”的全部内容,只是说在中考中可以解决大部分常规性的试题，因此在实际的运用中要做到“活学活用”,切不可脱离文本,只依据答题公式来做题。

公式的横线部分是要添加的具体内容,此步骤非常重要,因为这涉及你对文章的理解,没有这一步,整个回答的过程就变成了形式的堆砌,而不是深人文本答题了。

具体解读:(1)烘托______(人物)心情,渲染_________气氛;奠定感情基调。

这是常规公式的表现情况。

文本中穿插环境描写,肯定是为了表现某个中心,因此往往就有了“渲染”的作用:而中心所表现的如果与人物有关，肯定是为了表现人物的心情。

因此这两个点作为常规考题的必考思路，一般而言,都要答。

有一个小的注意事项,就是有一部分试题的环境描写，不是为了表现人物的心情,也不是为了渲染气氛,而是为了塑造典型环境中的典型人物,因此就有了“塑造(烘托)人物”这个作用。

初二说明文阅读专项训练学案编写：高艳英八年级语文备课组学习目标：1、根据文章内容能用简洁的语言概括主要内容。

2、理解三种说明顺序并会判断。

3、理解并会分析说明文语言的准确性。

4、会判断说明方法并会分析其作用。

5、会分析关键语句在文中的作用。

6、理清文章结构层次。

7、筛选信息，根据提示回答问题。

教学流程：流程（一）1、自主学习（你很棒，相信自己，加油！）（1）快速阅读两遍短文，第一遍2分钟，第二遍带问题读4分钟。

（2）通过自主学习解决以下问题，如不能解决的问题可通过小组合作交流进行解决。

芳香剂化学成分有害健康①深受女士喜爱的香水，日常用品中，比如洗发水、化妆品、婴儿护肤品、空气清新剂、洗涤用品中后含有大量的芳香剂。

但很少有人会考虑香水等芳香剂的安全性，更没有几个人会知道制造芬芳剂至少需要5000多种化学成分。

每种香水的化学成分会多达600多种。

在这5000多种化学成分中，只有不到20%做过毒性试验，结果是都含有毒性，被不少国家列为危险品。

其它未测成分是否有毒，尚未可知。

如果用比较精密的仪器，可在居室中检测到芳香剂所含100多种成分(芳香剂最常用的化学成分有150种)，其中多数成分已知有毒性。

②已经有研究发现芳香剂的化学成分对健康有害，对皮肤、肺脏和大脑的危害尤为显著。

芳香剂能对很多人产生荨麻疹、皮炎等副作用，对慢性肺病特别是哮喘病人的影响也很大。

据统计，仅在美国，高达75%(大约900万病人)的哮喘病例是由香水诱发的。

③香味同记忆有关联，而芳香剂对大脑组织产生神经毒害作用。

比如，香水和其它芳香剂中富含的沉香醇成分可诱发情绪低沉、沮丧甚至是危及生命的呼吸系统疾病等症状。

日本医学界做的一项试验证明了香味对人大脑的影响：柑橘类水果的香味比多数抗抑郁药物的作用都明显。

这表明，香味有影响心理状态的作用，应当同安定、盐酸阿米替林等药物一样归属精神药物。

④此外，香味的化学成分可以通过口、鼻以及皮肤吸收进入人体。

2025届高三信息类阅读学案(知识梳理、专项训练)一、非连续文本的选文特点非连续文本指围绕一个事物和主题，提供多维度阅读材料的文本形式，是相对于连续性文本而言的。

近几年高考中选用的文本大体可分为论述类文本和信息类文本两大类。

分类特点政论文从政治角度阐述和评论当前重大事件和社会问题的议论性文章。

用具有说服力的事例和事理以及逻辑推理的方法来证明作者的观点或看法。

学术论文用系统专门的知识来讨论或研究某种问题或课题的学理性文章。

文艺评论运用文艺理论对文学作品进行研究、探讨，揭示文学的发展规律，以指导文学创作的实践活动。

时评对当前发生的新闻及新闻中的事实发表见解的文章，具有时效性、针对性、准确性等。

以说理为主，或夹叙夹议，或先叙后议。

书评评论或介绍书籍，探求其创作的思想性、学术性、知识性等。

采用记叙、说明、议论等表达方式。

（二）实用类文本分类特点新闻对已经发生或新近发生的有价值的事实的及时报道。

具有真实性、准确性、新鲜性。

传记遵循真实原则，用形象化方式记述人物的一种叙事性文体。

选材具有真实性和典型性，选文兼具史实性与文学性。

报告对某个工作、事件经过深入细致调查后，加以系统分析研究形成的文书。

具有写实性、针对性、逻辑性。

科普文介绍、普及科学知识的说明文体。

科普文分为科学说明文和科学小品文。

具有科学性、文学性、通俗性。

访谈就某个人、某件事、某个特定问题去访问专家等，运用谈话纪实方式进行报道的文章。

二、因文设题，关注文体特征。

（一）论述文的分析论证特点论证特点（特色）论证方式立论：提出论题（论点）—分析问题（展开论证）—解决问题（展开论证）驳论：提出错误观点—批驳错误观点—提出正确观点立驳结合论证方法举例论证：运用概述和具体事实来论证。

真实可信，增强说服力。

引用论证：运用常理与哲理。

增强文章的说服力和感染力。

对比论证：通过事物相反或相异属性比较来揭示论点。

对比鲜明，论证有力。

比喻论证：用人们熟悉的事物来作比。

更生动形象。

£)第2讲 阅读基本功训练一一理解句子含义（上）fn4 i •了解现代文理解句子含义的考查题型。

2•学会审题，读题。

进一步为现代文阅读打下基础。

3•会用所学理解方法进行现代文阅读的答题。

i .下列各句中有语病的一项是（ ）A. 这次教训，使他明白细节决定成败的道理，对他大有裨益。

B. 武汉市教育局表示，要支持建设一批公办幼儿园，大力扶持和发展民办幼儿园。

C. 只有虚心听取别人的意见，认真改进缺点，我们才能不断进步。

D. 国家免收义务教育阶段学生学杂费的举措大大减轻了家长的经济负担。

2.下列各句中有语病的一项是（ ） A. 写文章的语言要精练，一定要把不必要的罗嗦话统统删去。

B.沿线的拆迁工作能否顺利进行，是地铁 3号线能否如期开通的条件之一。

C. 我市高新区不断完善以市场为导向、以企业为主体、产学研结合的技术创新体系，积极参与"自主创 新综合配套试验区”的建设。

D. 据中科院动物研究所初步鉴定，这头金色牦牛是世界上新发现的一种野生动物，并被命名为“金丝牦 牛”。

3. 下列各句中有语病的一项是（ ） A. 那位失主为表谢意昨天在电视台又诚挚地为小赵点了一首歌。

B. 在那些艰难的日子里，不管他的身体有多差，生活条件再不好，精神压力有多大，他都坚持创作。

C. 我们如果不把这本书认真读好，就不谈读别的书了。

D. —篇文章要是字迹过于潦草，即使内容很不错，也是要不得的。

4.下列各句中有语病的一项是（ ） A. 养麦具有降低毛细血管脆性、改善微循环、增加免疫力的作用，可用于高血压、高血脂、冠心病、中 风发作等疾病的辅助治疗。

B. 我国专利申请一年比一年多，专利申请的持续快速增长，表明国内研究开发水平在不断提高，社会公 众专利意识在不断增强。

C. 劳动的最后一天是同学们最紧张、最愉快、最有意义的一天。

D. 这是一本好书，它能催人进取，促人猛醒，引人深思。

5. 下列各句中有语病的一项是（ ）A. 老人那清晰的思路、开朗的性格、乐观的情绪以及坚定的信心，深深地感染了我们。