英语科技论文写作

中英文科技论文写作教程标题一、英文文章标题（Title）的结构：1.完整句子作为题目，这是一种常见的结构，尤其在报刊中常用：Fuzhou Strives for Better Exports（由于是题目，在句尾不能用句号）2.名词+动词不定式结构：这种结构表示将来，因在题目中一般不用will或shallThe Chinese Communist Party to Hold Its 18th Congress3.名词或名词短语+过去分词。

这种结构常用于报道已做过的事情.Capital International Airport Enlarged.北京国际机场扩建4.现代分词短语结构。

Visiting a Friend on a Snowy Night5.介绍短语结构In Memory of ….6.名词或名词短语+介词短语结构Home for the Sailors7.以动词原形开始的短语结构，这种结构常用于带有号召性的题目中。

Server the People8.名词或名词短语结构，例如A small Green City二、注意题目字母的大小写问题1. 题目中除介词、冠词、和连接词的字母全部小写外，其它的词的第一个字母要大写（介词和冠词在题目开头时第一个字母也要大写）My Family and Myself2.题目中全部字母大写，这种形式大多用于书籍封面上的题目，例如：上海简介A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SHANGHAI3.题目第一个词的第一个字母大写外，其它字母一律小写，但遇到专门名词时，该词的第一个字母仍须大写，现在报纸上的题目大都采用这种形式，主要是便于排版。

中国体操选手夺得七枚金牌Chinese gymnasts sweep away seven gold medals三．在英语文章题目中，冠词常可省略，例如美国总统在西方U.S. President in West四、英文文题的一般性原则*文题应准确而清晰反映文章的内容和重点。

Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。

英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求（1）Title长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。

（2）Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。

（3）Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。

（4）Abstract不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼要地加以概括。

不要将结论与提要重复使用。

（5）Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。

归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献，指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。

说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。

不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。

（6）Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。

不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。

（7）Results and discussion是论文的核心部分，要求：–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。

–语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。

（8）Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。

不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。

（9）References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。

英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。

科技英语论文的写作要点总体原则（3C）：Correct (正确)，Clear (清楚)；Concise (简洁)。

1 论文题名1.1 基本要求(1) 准确(Accuracy)。

题名要准确地反映论文的内容。

作为论文的“标签”，题名既不能过于空泛和一般化，也不宜过于烦琐，使人得不出鲜明的印象。

如果题名中无吸引读者的信息，或写得不堪理解。

为确保题名的含义准确，应尽量避免使用非定量的、含义不明的词，如"rapid"，"new"等；并力求用词具有专指性，如"a vanadium-iron alloy"明显优于"a magnetic alloy"。

(2) 简洁(Brevity)。

题名需用词简短、明了，以最少的文字概括尽可能多的内容。

题名最好不超过10 ~ 12个单词，或100个英文字符（含空格和标点），如若能用一行文字表达，就尽量不要用2 行（超过2行有可能会削弱读者的印象）。

在内容层次很多的情况下，如果难以简短化，最好采用主、副题名相结合的方法，如：Importance of replication in microarray gene expression studies: statistical methods and evidence from repetitive CDNA hybridizations (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(18): 9834 ~ 9839). 其中的副题名起补充、阐明作用，可起到很好的效果。

(3) 清楚(Clarity)。

题名要清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 明确表明研究工作的独到之处，力求简洁有效、重点突出。

为表达直接、清楚，以便引起读者的注意，应尽可能地将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名开头。

如The effectiveness of vaccination against in healthy, working adults (N Engl J Med，1995, 333: 889-893)中，如果作者用关键词vaccination作为题名的开头，读者可能会误认为这是一篇方法性文章：How to vaccinate this population? 相反，用effectiveness作为题名中第一个主题词，就直接指明了研究问题：Is vaccination in this population effective? 题名中应慎重使用缩略语。