2018年浙江省高考新题型概要写作训练指导

写作是四项语文技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，更是语言生成能力的重要表现形式。

该部分要求考生考生根据题示进行书面表达。

考生应能：(1)准确使用语法和词汇语言的准确性是写作中不可忽视的一个重要方面，因为它直接或间接地影响到信息的准确传输。

应用语法结构和词汇的准确程度是写作部分评分标准中的一项重要内容。

(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题,作者应该围绕该主题，借助一些句型、词组等的支持，清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。

浙江卷写作第二节，读后续写或概要写作，两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。

读后续写。

提供一段350词以内的语言材料，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。

阅卷时将主要考虑以下内容：1.与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；2.内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；3.应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；4.上下文的连贯性。

概要写作。

提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3.上下文的连贯性；4.对各要点表达的独立性情况。

样题第二节:读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur turned and looked inside at the face of a young man who looked worried. Arthur stopped and asked,“It looks likeyou’ve got a problem,”Arthur said.“I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”“Is there something I can do to help?”Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said，”Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble，you could help me get these suitcases into a taxi.”“No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just asArthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the loug noise of an alarm.It was from the bank. There had been a robbery (抢劫)!Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Carsstopped and the passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened？”But everyone had a different answer.Arthur，still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “Why is she looking at me like that?”He thought.“The suitcase！She thinks I’m the bank thief!”Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

概要写作[考纲解读]提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

[原题分析]1．原文材料350词以内，概要写作40～80 词。

2．原文以说明文、议论文为主。

3．概要，基本就是段落大意。

每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。

4．要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。

[写作注意事项]1．找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。

2．各要点的表达要相对独立。

3．各要点之间要有适当的衔接。

4．句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。

5．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。

例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who 等引导的定语从句，而采用-ing 形式和-ed形式作定语。

6．多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。

[概要模板及句型]1．表示文章的内容以及研究目的①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...②The article focuses on the topic of...2．表示研究的结论①The result showed that...②The author found that...③It was concluded that...3．表示推荐、观点或建议The author suggests/considers that...Suggestions are made for...实战演练 1阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

As most children return to school, many affluent families are choosing to pull their children out of the mainstream education system altogether in favor of having a tutor at home "Around 50 percent of the inquiries we're getting at the moment are for long-term, daily home tutoring," Steve Spriggs, managing director of London- based private tutoring service And, he adds, the trend has grown from families asking for personal tutors to replicate the classroom environment in their own homes. Many families that were making the inquiries for full -time home tutors, Spriggs said, were either travelling so frequently that sending their children to one school was impractical and others did not want their children to go into boarding school.Home tutoring is nothing new, and many tuition firms also offer extra tutoringservices to families wanting their children to have a little extra help learning ahead of entrance exams at competitive private schools in the U.K., such as Harrow, St. Pauls or Eton."We always make it clear to parents that we will only offer full -time home schooling for a year though," Spriggs explained. "Any more than a year and children start to lose out on what a school environment can give them, such as social skills and that vitalinteraction they need mitigate that anyway in our home tutoring with sports clubs of museum trips as part of the teaching program."Spriggs said that the costs of hiring a full -time tutor would exceed the fees of atop boarding school, which usually charge around ￡35,000 ($54,400) a year. Some families employ t-wtimo feu tllutors, one tocover humanities and the other to cover science and maths. Devising an educational plan for youngsters in these situations is not a quick process, however, taking up to six weeks to plan, Spriggs said, with a tutor being matched to the child to ensure they are compatible.参考范文： Home tutoring isn ' tr are in society. Some rich families choose full -time tutors because of frequent travelling or because they don ' t want their children to go into boarding sch要oo点l.（ 1） Meanwhile, to perform betterin entrance exams, some children need extra tutoring services.（要点 2） Some tuition firms add some activities to improve the social skills of the children .（要点 3） Although the costs of home tutoring are high, some families still employ two full -time tutors to ensure their children can gain balanced development.（要点 4）实战演练 2阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60 词左右的内容概要。

专题限时集训(二十一)概要写作训练2(对应学生用书第197页)A阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

P eter loved t o sho p used articles.Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，t he salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn't even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”P eter examined the box and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factory sealed plastic.And he saw a d a t e of1973on the back of the box.“Y ou should pu t that up for auction(拍卖)on the Internet，and see what h appe ns，”the salesgirl said.“Yes，you're right.People like something rare，”P eter agreed.“I can't imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still ar ound40years later.”“Don't forget t o tell me if you sell it，”the salesgirl smiled.“No pr oblem，”P eter said.After he got home，P eter went online t o several auction websites looking for his game.But he couldn't find it.Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit search.The search result was543websites containing information abo u t the changes of the game.Over the years，the game had been pr oduced using letters in different sizes and game bo ar ds in different colors.He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.P eter emailed some of them，telling them what he had.Two weeks later，P eter went back t o the shop.“Hello.Do you still r e me mber the unopened word game？”The salesgirl looked at him for a second，then recognized him and said，“Oh，hi！”“I've got something for you，”P eter said.“I sold the game and made$1，000.Thank you for your suggestion.”He handed her three$100bills.“Wow！”the salesgirl cried out.“Thank you.I never expected it.”【写作指导】通读全文可知，本文属于记叙文。

概要写作(Summary Writing)解析一、概要写作概述：浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。

相比传统的写作来说，该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战，是难度较高的写作形式。

(1)任务要求：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

(2)考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。

考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。

故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。

因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。

(3)评分原则：1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。

3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。

4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。

(4)二、样题及分析：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，MaryRuebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.(One possible version)Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)参考答案分析：精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；（2）准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop the belief”，“choose to believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt；要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against；要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health；要点4用today代替nowadays，用sharply代替hugely，用more and more people choose to believe 代替gaining some ground；（5）全文60词，非常符合词数要求。

新题型三应用文写作2016年10月起，浙江省高考英语科目启用了新题型，其中写作分为两部分，第一部分为应用文写作，要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇80词左右的短文。

【题型分析】应用文属实用文体，有严格的语境限制，比如确定的时间、地点，确定的对象、范围，确定的行文目的等。

因此，应用文写作应力求主旨鲜明，格式正确，语言简练，语气因人因事而异。

书信、电子邮件是常见的应用文写作考查题型，主要包括询问信、致歉信、致谢信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、求职信等，其次应用文还有：通知、发言稿、便条、日记、通知、调查报告扥。

写作时要注意格式正确，包含称呼语（salutation），正文（body），结束语（complimentary close），签名（signature）。

如在2016年10月的试卷中，应用文写作的要求是给未曾谋面的加拿大的住家（homestay）写一封咨询信（Letter of Inquiry）。

写作时遣词应尽量客气一些，行文应力求具有亲和力，切忌使用一些艰深的大词，也不宜使用一些结构过于杂糅的长句。

（2017·浙江卷）假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。

内容包括：1. 参加者；2. 时间、地点；3. 活动：登山、野餐等。

注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【范文】Dear Chris,How are you now? ①The purpose of my writing is to tell you that there will be an outgoing for us these days. I would be honored to have you there with us, enjoying the colorful days.The occasion will start on the next Sunday morning. ②We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb. What’s more, we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.I really hope you can make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible.【写作思路】本试题是一篇半开放的作文，写作文体是电子邮件，写一封邀请信给Chris。