天津理工大学-2018年-博士研究生入学考试非英语专业考试大纲-1001英语

天津理工大学2018年硕士研究生入学考试大纲
一、考试科目：系统安全工程（820）
二、考试方式：
考试采用笔试方式。

考试时间为180分钟，试卷满分为150分。

三、试卷结构与分数比重
试卷共分为四部分
1.单项选择（30分）
2.名词解释（20分）
3.简答（40分）
4.计算/论述（60分）
四、考查的知识范围：
第一部分：基础知识
1、理解系统安全及系统安全工程产生和发展的过程；掌握系统安全工
程所包含的基本内容。

2、掌握如下系统安全工程相关的术语和定义：事件，事故，未遂事故；
危险源，危险因素，有害因素，不安全因素，事故隐患；危险源辨识，危险因素识别，事故隐患排查；风险，可接受风险，安全与危险；风险评价，安全评价，危险评价。

3、掌握危险源辨识过程输出要求、方法原理；理解基于安全工程学原
理的危险源控制技术。

4、掌握危险因素识别的方法原理；掌握如下常用的系统安全分析方法：
预先危害分析（PHA），故障类型和影响分析（FMEA），危险与可操作性。

2018年硕士研究生招生考试大纲019 基础教学中心目录初试考试大纲 1637专业基础综合 1659专业史论基础 2936 和声分析与曲式作品分析错误!未指定书签。

333教育综合错误!未指定书签。

937 教学设计错误!未指定书签。

942 教育管理学错误!未指定书签。

945 综合英语21复试考试大纲23复试专业综合23音乐文学创作24音乐文学理论24现场演奏科目：音乐文学与音乐表演（弦乐科目）25现场演奏科目：音乐文学与音乐表演（钢琴科目）错误!未指定书签。

现场演奏科目：音乐文学与音乐表演（声乐科目）错误!未指定书签。

现场演奏科目：音乐文学与音乐表演（萨克斯科目）错误!未指定书签。

教育技术学综合28管理学原理29课程与教学论错误!未指定书签。

音乐文学创作错误!未指定书签。

音乐文学理论错误!未指定书签。

现场演奏科目：弦乐科目36现场演奏科目：钢琴科目37现场演奏科目：声乐科目38现场演奏科目：萨克斯科目错误!未指定书签。

同等学力加试科目考试大纲错误!未指定书签。

教育学错误!未指定书签。

教育研究方法44初试考试大纲637专业基础综合一、考试性质体育综合包括运动生理学和运动训练学两部分内容。

是体育教育训练学专业硕士研究生入学考试的专业基础课程。

二、考察目标要求考生能系统理解运动生理学和运动训练学的基本概念和基本原理，能过运用基本理论合理地解释体育教学和运动训练中现象和问题。

三、考试形式本考试为闭卷考试，满分为300分，考试时间为180分钟。

四、考试内容（一）运动生理学（50%）考试内容：骨骼肌机能、血液、循环机能、呼吸机能、物质与能量代谢、肾脏机能、内分泌机能、感觉与神经机能、运动技能、身体素质、运动过程中人体机能状态变化的规律、运动训练原则的生理学分析、运动机能的生理学评定、儿少生长发育与体育运动。

（二）运动训练学（50%）考试内容：竞技体育与运动训练、运动成绩与竞技能力、运动训练原则、运动训练方法与手段、运动员体能及其训练、运动员技术能力及其训练、运动员的战术能力及其训练、运动员心理能力与运动智能及其训练、运动训练计划、运动队伍管理。

岚
杨保和
薛松 005 材料科学 080500 材料科 02 低维材料可 与工程学院 学与工程 控制备及性能 调控
袁志好
别利剑
马建标 03 生物医用材 料
陈民芳
曾宪顺 04 金属功能材 料制备与加工
荆洪阳
张桦
007 计算机与 081200 计算机 01 图像处理与 通信工程学 科学与技术 计算机视觉 院
马秀荣
温显斌
院系所
专业
研究方向
指导教师
考试科目 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3005 图像处理、 3006 计算机图形学 选一 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3005 图像处理、 3006 计算机图形学 选一 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3007 网络体系结 构、3008 高级软件工程 选一 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3007 网络体系结 构、3009 信息安全 选一 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3008 高级软件工 程、3010 运筹学 选一 ①1001 英语②2002 算法设计与分析、 2003 操作 系统、2004 随机过程 选一③3008 高级软件工 程、3010 运筹学 选一 ①1001 英语②2005 运筹学、 2006 管理统计学 选 一③3011 经济学、3012 管理学 选一 ①1001 英语②2005 运筹学、 2006 管理统计学 选 一③3011 经济学、3012 管理学 选一 ①1001 英语②2005 运筹学、 2006 管理统计学 选 一③3011 经济学、3012 管理学 选一 ①1001 英语②2005 运筹学、 2006 管理统计学 选 一③3011 经济学、3012 管理学 选一

并对用户调查及访谈、用户模型建立及行为分析、可用性研究方法等具备较扎实的基础。
二、考试内容及比例
1. 工业设计历史沿革及设计理念的发展：20％
2. 工业设计的内涵：10％
3. 工业设计中人－物－环境－社会关系的协调方法：20％
4. 人机界面设计：10％
5. 设计调查的基本特点 10％
6. 用户认知行为研究 15％
基因工程
数据库、计算机组成原理及计算 机网络
数据结构、算法基础与面向对象 程序设计 先秦诸子哲学 科学技术哲学 中国近现代史 科学社会主义理论
生命科学学院 海洋科学与技术学院
生物学 海洋科学 海洋技术 海洋环境科工程（专业学位）
电子与通信工程（专业学位） 计算机技术（专业学位）
医学科学与工程基础
课程编号：50101
课程名称：力学综合
力学学科按一级学科进行复试，其中主要包括一般力学，固体力学，流体力学等三个专业的
内容。考生可以按自己的需求进行选择
一、考试的总体要求 · 一般力学： 考察学生对理论力学基本概念、基本理论和基本方法的掌握程度。要求运用力学的基本理论 和基本方法熟练进行研究对象的受力分析、静力学合成与平衡问题求解;运动分析、各运动 量的求解;动力学分析及动力学综合问题的求解。 · 固体力学： 能运用材料力学知识分析解决工程结构模型简单的强度、刚度问题。 · 流体力学： 对流体力学的基本物理现象、基本概念和基本定律有正确的理解。对具体的流体问题能正确 判断流体及运动的基本类型。 二、考试的内容： · 一般力学： 1)静力学：受力分析、物系的平衡问题。 2)运动学：点的合成运动、刚体的平面运动及运动学综合应用问题。 3)动力学：应用普遍定理求解动力学问题中的力和运动综合问题。 · 固体力学： 1)了解常用材料拉、压、扭下的基本力学性能和测试方法； 2)能熟练地作出杆件在各种变形下的内力图，计算其应力及变形，并进行强度和刚度分析。 3)能利用材料力学的基本知识计算基本组合变形问题的应力及变形，并应用第三或第四强度 理论进行校核 · 流体力学： 1） 流体的基本方程：连续性方程、运动方程、能量方程。 2） Navier-Stokes 方程组精确解：平行平板间的定常流动等。 3） 层流边界层：边界层微分方程、边界层厚度、边界层动量积分关系式。 三、试卷题型及比例 计算、理论分析题为主，有少量选择、填空题 四、 考试形式及时间 考试形式：笔试。考试时间：1.5 小时。

2018年硕士研究生招生考试大纲014 外国语学院目录初试考试大纲 (1)211 翻译硕士英语 (1)213 翻译硕士日语 (2)216 翻译硕士朝鲜语 (4)240 英语 (5)241 日语A (7)242 法语 (8)243 德语 (9)357 英语翻译基础 (11)359 日语翻译基础 (12)362 朝鲜语翻译基础 (13)448 汉语写作与百科知识 (14)620 基础英语 (15)621 基础法语 (16)623 基础日语 (17)624 基础韩国语 (18)881 综合法语 (19)883 综合日语 (20)884 综合韩国语 (21)963 综合英语A (23)复试考试大纲 (24)050201英语语言文学 (24)050211外国语言学及应用语言学 (26)055101英语笔译（专业学位） (28)055102英语口译（专业学位） (29)050205日语语言文学 (31)055105日语笔译（专业学位） (32)055106日语口译（专业学位） (33)050210亚非语言文学 (34)055111朝鲜语笔译（专业学位） (35)050203法语语言文学 (36)初试考试大纲211 翻译硕士英语一、考试性质本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。

二、考察目标要求考生：1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10000以上，掌握积极词汇6000以上，能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配；2.能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范指示；3.具有较强的英语阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。

三、考试形式本考试为闭卷考试，满分为100分，考试时间为180分钟。

试卷结构：选择50%；简答20%；写作30%。

四、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。

总分为100分。

（一）词汇语法1.测试要求（1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。

第二部分：完形填空。共 20 题，测试时间 25 分钟。测试形式是 一篇题材熟悉、难度适中、150 词左右的短文。要求考生从所给的每 题四个选项（A、B、C、D）中选择一个最佳答案填入短文中的空白， 使短文的结构和意义完整，每个空白为一题。测试目的：测试考生的 语篇理解和综合语言运用能力。
第三部分：翻译。共 2 题，分为 A、B 两节。测试时间 50 分钟。 A 节为英译汉，主要测试考生对英语原文理解的准确性，要求考生将 所给 150 词左右的英语短文译成中文。B 节主要测试考生分析理解母 语、基本掌握西方思维方式和汉英两种语言的异同、有效地进行遣词、 造句、谋篇的能力，要求考生将所给的 100 词左右的中文短文译成英 文。选材原则：短文为学生熟悉的常识性或知识性内容。测试目的： 测试考生正确理解英语文章并用中文正确表达的能力，以及考生的英 语语言运用能力。要求译文忠实于原文，语言通顺。
能力。
三、答题与计分方法
该试卷第一部分为客观性试题，计 60 分。要求考生从每题四个 选项（A、B、C、D）中选出一个最佳答案，每题只能选一个答案， 答案涂在答题卡上。试卷第二部分为主观性试题，计 40 分，要求考 生把答案直接做在答题纸上。该考试为闭卷考试，考生不得使用任何
形式的参考工具。该卷以百分计算。
要生词词义并
进行推断等
50 （每题 2 分）
完形填空
1 篇文章 英语知识综合 选择题
10
II
20
(Cloze Test) （150 词 运用能力 （四选一）
（每题
3
左右）
0.5 分）
1 段英文 理解和表达准
英译汉
文章（150 确、完整、通顺，
1
（15 分）
翻译
词左右） 忠实于原文

天津理工大学《大学英语》III课程教学大纲课程名称大学英语III英文名称 College English III课程代码 1090010课程类别公共基础课适用专业：非英语专业本科二年级学生（艺术专业除外）学分 4学分编写日期 2014年9月一、课程任务和教学目标大学英语是非英语专业大学生的一门公共必修课程，是高等教育的一个有机组成部分。

大学英语的教学目标是帮助学生打下较扎实的语言基础，掌握良好的语言学习方法，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，使他们具有较强的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，以适应社会发展、经济建设和国际交流的需要。

大学英语教学是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导，以遵循语言教学和语言习得的客观规律为前提，集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。

参照教育部制定的《大学英语课程教学要求》（2007），结合我校学生特点，《大学英语3》在听、说、读、写、译各方面应达到如下要求：1. 听：能听懂英语讲课及简短对话和谈话，抓住中心大意、要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。

2. 说：能进行简单的日常会话，能就教材内容作简短问答和复述，能就熟悉的话题作简短的发言，表达意思基本清楚。

3. 读：能读懂语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章，能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节掌握基本的阅读技能，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。

4. 写：能在阅读难度与课文相仿的书面材料时做笔记、回答问题和写提纲，能就一定的话题或提纲在半小时内写出120-150词的短文。

表达意思清楚，无重大语言错误。

5. 译：能借助词典对题材熟悉的文章进行英汉互译，英译汉译速为每小时300个英语单词，汉译英译速为每小时250个汉字。

译文基本流畅，能在翻译时使用适当的翻译技巧。

6. 词汇：学生掌握的总词汇量应达到3500个单词和500个词组，其中1800个单词为积极词汇，达到能确切运用。

博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲本大纲的各项规定作为太原理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。

一、考试对象报考太原理工大学相关专业拟攻读博士学位，并把英语作为第一外语的考生。

二、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。

考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

三、考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共分三个部分：阅读理解（40%）、英汉互译（20％），英语写作（40％）。

一、阅读理解（40%）本部分测试考生是否具备博士研究生英语学习要求的词汇量，以及在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解，并进行相关的判断和推理能力。

文章题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。

阅读理解共有4篇文章，包括4篇400词至700词左右的英文短文。

每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。

要求考生根据文章内容每题选出一个最佳选项。

二、英汉互译（10%＋10%）本部分测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度，考察考生是否能正确理解原文的意思，并从语篇的角度出发，用准确、达意的词语进行语言转换。

翻译分为A，B两部分。

A部分考试形式为英译汉，要求考生阅读一篇400词左右的英语短文，并将文章中的5个句子翻译成汉语。

B部分考试形式为汉译英，要求考生将一段150字左右的中文短文翻译成英语。

两部分原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普等相关领域知识。

三、英语写作（15%＋25%）本部分测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及英语写作基础知识的实际运用能力。

英语写作分为“写作一”和“写作二”两部分。

“写作一”为应用文写作，要求考生根据题目要求用英语完成文章摘要、图表描述、数据分析、学术信函等有关内容的写作，字数为150词左右。

天津大学考博英语真题整理及考试方式一、考试方式考试采用笔试方式 时间为180分钟 满分为100分。

二、考试内容与试卷结构试题共分为五个部分 听力理解、选词填空、阅读理解、英汉翻译、写作。

1、听力理解该部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力 考查考生判断对话场景、人物关系及身份 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度 理解话语要点和含义 获取具体信息 理解中心思想等方面的能力。

考生听过一段对话后 回答所提问题 录音只放一遍。

该部分共10小题 考生从每题给出的4个选项中 选出最佳答案。

每小题1分 共10分。

（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）2、选词填空该部分考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素的掌握程度 包括词汇、短语和句子结构以及对语段特征的辨识能力 如衔接与连贯等。

此题中在一篇文章中留出10个空白要求考生从所提供的15个词汇中选出最佳答案 使填空后的文章意义通顺、连贯 结构完整。

该部分共10小题 每题1分 共10分。

3、阅读理解A. 该部分考查考生对书面英语的理解能力 其中包括理解具体信息 掌握文章大意 以及根据语境推断未知信息。

该部分共3篇文章 每篇文章5个问题 考生从4个选项中选出最佳答案。

每篇文章约600词左右 每题2分 共30分。

B. 该部分为一篇文章 其中有5段空白 文章后有7~8段文字。

考生根据文章内容选择合适的段落填入文章的空白处。

该部分共5题 每题2分 共10分。

4.翻译个部分翻译成汉语。

主要测试考生是否能从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思 并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来 共20分。

5、写作该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。

要求考生根据提示信息、所给题目或所提供的图或 表格等写出一篇说明或议论型短文或根据提供的一篇文章写出其摘要。

文章应主题明确有逻辑性语言规范长度不少于200词共20分。

天津大学博士研究生入学考试非英语专业考试大纲样题Part I. Listening Comprehension (10 %)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) He has proved to be a better reader than the woman.B) He has difficulty understanding the book.C) He cannot get access to the assigned book.D) He cannot finish his assignment before the deadline.2. A) She will drive the man to the supermarket. B) The man should buya car of his own. C) The man needn't go shopping every week.D) She can pick the man up at the grocery store.Part IV Banked Cloze (10 %)Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. You have seen a friend succeed. No doubt you feel joy at this.You love your friend,and maybe you even helped him accomplish his goal. ____1____, there is another feeling, a dark feeling, within you. You begin to wish that it was youthis envious feeling starts off like a tiny seed. But then, like aseed, it grows. It threatens to ____2____ you. Of course you feel bad about your feelings, as they have become a(n) ____3____ to your friendship. Still, there doesn't seem to be anything that you can do. Facing your friend invariably leads to more ____4____ between you. Avoiding him just seems to ____5____ the gulf between you.Instead of feeling ____6____ about your envy or hating your friend, you should take a different ____7___. Use your friend's success as a challenge. He has succeeded. This means that you can succeed as well. By thinking this way, you are ____8____ your feelings and redirecting them into a course of action that won't ruin your friendship. Remember that friendships can ____9_____ friendly competition. You cannot, however, maintain your friendship if you ____10____ envy.A) approach B) goal C) tension D) harbor E) remainF) survive G) harnessing H) widen I) overwhelm J) overtakeK) establish L) still M) guilty N) responsible O) handicapPart III. Reading Comprehension (40%)Part A.Directions: In this part there are three passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long periodotherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of thefamilies who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality.Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choicefor the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in thestranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especiallyin the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invitedme home for dinner—amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US arenot uncommon, but are not always understood properly.The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complexset of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily meanthat someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB) small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC) Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A) culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB) courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC) various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD) social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.A) to improve their hard lifeB) in view of their long-distance travelC) to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD) out of a charitable impulse4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.A) tends to be superficial and artificialB) is generally well kept up in the united StatesC) is always understood properlyD) has something to do with the busy tourist trails5、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?A) Favorable.B) Unfavorable.C) Indifferent. D) Neutral.Part BDirections: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-H to fit into eachuse. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10%)From her vantage point she watched the main doors swing open and the first arrivals pour in.Those who had been at the head of the line paused momentarily on entry, looked around curiously, then quickly moved forward as others behind pressed in. Within moments the central public area of the big branch bank was filled with a chattering, noisy crowd. The building, relatively quiet less than a minute earlier, had become a Babel. Edwina saw a tall heavyset black man wave some dollar bills and declare loudly, "I want to put my money in the bank".1.It seemed as if the report about everyone having come to open an account had been accurate after all.Edwina could see the big man leaning back expansively, still holding his dollar bills. His voice cut across the noise of other conversations and she heard him proclaim, "I'm in no hurry. There's something I'd like you to explain." Two other desks were quickly manned by other clerks. With equal speed, long wide lines of people formed in front of them.Normally, three members of staff were ample to handle new account business, but obviously were inadequate now. Edwina could see Tottenhoe on the far side of the bank and called him on the intercom. She instructed, "Use more desks for new account and take all the staff you can spare to man them."2.Tottenhoe grumbled in reply, "You realize we can't possibly process all these people today, and however many we do will tie us up completely." "I' ve an idea," Edwina said, "that's what someone has in mind. Just hurry the processing all you can."3.security, and family matters. A specimen signature was obtained. Then proof of identity was needed. After that, the new accounts clerk would take all documents to an officer of the bank for approval and initialing. Finally, a savings passbook was made out or a temporary checkbook issued.Therefore the most new accounts that any bank employee could open in an hour were five, so the three clerks presently working might handle a total of ninety in one business day, if they kept going at top speed, which was unlikely. 4.Still the noise within the bank increased. It had become an uproar. A further problem was that the growing mass of arrivals in the central public area of the bank was preventing access to tellers' counters by other customers. Edwina could see a few of them outside, regarding the milling scene with consternation. While she watched, several gave up and walked away.Inside the bank some of the newcomers were engaging tellers in conversation and the tellers, having nothing else to do because of the melee, chatted back. Two assistant managers had gone to the central floor area and were trying to regulate the flood of people so as to clear some space at counters. They were having small success.5.She decided it was time for her own intervention. Edwina left the platform and a railed-off staff area and, with difficulty, made her way through the milling crowd to the main front door.A. Yet she knew however much they hurried it would still take ten to fifteen minutes to open any single new account. It always did. The paperwork required that time.B. But still no hostility was evident. Everyone in the now jam-packed bank who was spoken to by members of the staff answered politely and with a smile. It seemed,C. It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.D. Even leaning close to the intercom, it was hard to hear above the noise.E. Even tripling ate present complement of clerks would permit very few more than two hundred and fifty accounts (o be opened in a day, yet already, in the first few minutes of business, the bank was crammed with at least four hundred people, with still more flooding in, and the line outside, which Edwina rose to check, appeared as long as ever.F. Obviously someone had alerted the press in advance, which explained the presence of the TV camera crew outside. Edwina wondered who had done it.G. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise.H. A security guard directed him, "Over there for new accounts." The guard pointed to a desk where a clerk - a young girl - sat waiting. She appeared nervous. The big man walked toward her, smiled reassuringly, and sat down. Immediately a press of others moved into a ragged line behind him, waiting for their turn.Part IV Translation (20%)Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written carefully on the ANSWER SHEET. In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror — the glass in the roofof a greenhouse which allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3℃ warmer in2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming up tookplace, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres andseverely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to greatchanges in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of earth’schief food-growing zones.In the past, concern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arcticbecause the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts arenow paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees ofwarming: in other words, by a warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fiftyyears from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. Theevidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbondioxide warms the earth.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem tobe falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather haveexceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effectweather?One possibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station havestudied the hot spots and “cold” spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sunrotates, every 27.5 days, it presents hotter or “colder” faces to the earth, and different aspects todifferent parts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of theearth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable over along term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding mutual relations between models of solar-weather interactions andthe actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is thatthe models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One wayof solving this theoretical difficulty is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solareffects overcome the inertia (惯性) of the earth's climate. If this is right, the warming effect ofcarbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful counter-balance to the sun’s diminishing heat.Part V. Writing (20%)Directions: People are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of health.中国考博辅导首选学校different ways to stay healthy. Some exercise everyday; others try to keep abalanced diet; stillothers try to keep happy all the time. What do you think is the best way to stayhealthy?Write an essay of about 200 words about the following topic:The Best Way to Stay HealthyYou are to write in three paragraphs:1. The importance of health2. Different people have different ideas about staying healthy3. What you think is the best way to stay healthy本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

*****大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲（总则）本大纲的各项规定作为**大学博士研究生入学考试英语（第一外语）考试考题编写参考以及质量检查的依据。

一、考试对象报考**大学相关专业拟攻读博士学位，并把英语作为第一外语的考生。

二、考试目的博士研究生入学英语考试是为了考察考生的英语应用能力是否达到非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲中《硕士研究生英语教学与考试》规定的要求。

考试成绩用于博士研究生的入学选拔。

三、考试类型、考试内容及考试结构本考试共分三个部分：阅读理解（40%）、英汉互译（20％），英语写作（40％）。

一、阅读理解（40%）本部分测试考生是否具备博士研究生英语学习要求的词汇量，以及在规定时间内通过阅读获取信息的能力，即对阅读材料的细节、事实、要点、作者观点和态度的理解，并进行相关的判断和推理能力。

文章题材包括社会、文化、史地、科普及人物传记等内容，体裁涉及叙事、议论、描述、说明和应用文等。

阅读理解共有4篇文章，包括4篇400词至700词左右的英文短文。

每篇文章后面附5个问题，每个问题设四个备选答案。

要求考生根据文章内容每题选出一个最佳选项。

二、英汉互译（10%＋10%）本部分测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度，考察考生是否能正确理解原文的意思，并从语篇的角度出发，用准确、达意的词语进行语言转换。

翻译分为A，B两部分。

A部分考试形式为英译汉，要求考生阅读一篇400词左右的英语短文，并将文章中的5个句子翻译成汉语。

B部分考试形式为汉译英，要求考生将一段150字左右的中文短文翻译成英语。

两部分原文内容涉及社会、文化、史地和科普等相关领域知识。

三、英语写作（15%＋25%）本部分测试考生用英语表达思想或传递信息的能力及英语写作基础知识的实际运用能力。

英语写作分为“写作一”和“写作二”两部分。

“写作一”为应用文写作，要求考生根据题目要求用英语完成文章摘要、图表描述、数据分析、学术信函等有关内容的写作，字数为150词左右。

WORD格式--专业学习资料分享
2018年硕士研究生入学考试大纲
考试科目名称：日语（二外）考试时间：180分钟，满分：100分
一、考试要求：
本科目是针对英语专业日语二外课程的测试，主要围绕学生本科阶段所修约200学时的日语二外知识，考查学生对日语词汇和语法的掌握情况和学生的阅读能力、翻译能力。

考生应当基本掌握：
1.基础语法知识：指定参考书目每课所涉及的各语法点及语法知识
2.词汇：指定参考书目单词表
3.阅读：要求在一定的时间内看懂500字以内，带有10个左右生词（参考书目单词表外的单词）的短文
4.翻译：具有一定的汉译日及日译汉能力。

能正确理解题材为社会、文化、科普、日常生活等内容的较为简单的日语原文，并用汉语准确表达原文所述内容。

能准确将所给汉语语句翻译成正确的日语。

二、考试内容：
1．词汇（平假名单词、片假名单词、常用汉字）
2．语法（指定参考书目每课所涉及的语法知识）
3．阅读理解（2-5篇日语短文，内容涉及社会、文化、科普、日常生活等）
4. 日译汉
5. 汉译日
三、参考书目
1.《新编中日交流标准日本语》（初级上、下册），人民教育出版社、光村图书出版株式会社，各个版本皆可。

2. 《中日交流标准日本语》（中级上），人民教育出版社，各个版本皆可。

-。

天津大学博士入学考试英语试题范例I Dictation (20%)Direction: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read four times. During the first reading, the passage will be read at normal speed and you are supposed to listen only and try to have a general understanding of it. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phase with an interval of 12-15 seconds. The last reading will be done at the normal speed again for you to check up.II V ocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence.1. It was very kind of you to get me something for my birthday, but you ____ me such an expensive present.[A] didn't need buying [B] needn't buy [C] needn't have bought [D] hadn't needed to buy2. The ____ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.[A] manifestation [B] implementation [C] expedition [D] demonstration3. He is holding a ____ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon.[A] subordinate [B] succeeding [C] successive [D] subsequent4. In American universities, classes are often arranged in more flexible ____ and many jobs on campus are reserved for students.[A] scales [B] ranks [C] grades [D] patterns5. The government gave a very ____ explanation of its plan for economic development.[A] comprehensive [B] compound [C] considerable [D] complacent6. In my opinion, you can widen the ____ of these improvements through your active participation.[A] dimension [B] volume [C] magnitude [D] scope7. No Tobacco Day is the day when the world Health Organization ____ to people to stop using tobacco products.[A] asks [B] applies [C] appeals [D] urges8. The dentist's confident manner ____ me that I was in safe hands.[A] insured [B] assured [C] ensured [D] secured9. We prefer that the plan ____ before being put into execution.[A] be fully discussed [B] must be fully discussed [C] will be fully discussed [D] is fully discussed10. The sound of footsteps on the bare floor ____ the downstairs neighbors.[A] disturbed [B] interrupted [C] annoyed [D] irritated11. I asked him for a job ____ the impression that he was the head of the firm，but he wasn't.[A] with [B] under [C] in [D] of12. It's no good ____ remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.[A] trying to [B] try to [C] to try to [D] tried to13. The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents ____ on sounding reasoning.[A] more than [B] rather than [C] other than [D] better than14. To make the best and the most efficient of your time and to achieve your goals，start each day by ____ your agenda.[A] holding on [B] making out [C] keeping on [D] taking down15. Once the question is put, we know try to obtain the answer.[A] to proceed in direction to[B] where direction proceed to[C] in which direction to proceed to[D] which direction proceed toward16. During the opera's most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestra's conductor seemed ____, without necessary relation to what had gone before[A] tedious [B] melodious [C] capricious [D] moderation17. It is time the nations of the world ____ a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.[A] would call [B] call [C] called [D] will call18.When the drops were placed in the patient's eyes, his pupils became ____.[A] dilated [B] smaller [C] irritated [D] sensible19. To visit zoos that simulate the natural habitats of animals ____ of great interest to zoologists.[A] are [B] be [C] were [D] is20. Mr. Smith ____ with the government for thirty-seven years by the time he retires.[A] will work [B] will have worked [C] will be working [D] will have been workedIII Sentence Transformation (20%)Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences by using the word (s) below it so that each new sentence means roughly the same as the original one. In some instances it may be necessary to change the tense of the given word (s).1. He is warm-hearted, but this doesn't mean that he is bright.（follow）___________________________________________________2. The manager has asked me to consider this proposal carefully.（consideration）____________________________________________3. The garden is too small for a swimming pool.（room）_____________________________________________4. Increasing the tax on household goods is bound to cause trouble.It's asking __________________________________________5. The museum is closed this afternoon.There is _____________________________________________6. Don't touch those wires in any circumstances.Under _______________________________________________7. The small number of potential buyers does not provide a sufficiently large market for this kind of apparatus.（enough）___________________________________________8. I was finally able to convince him of its value.I finally succeeded _______________________________________9. Film makers understandably lose much of their interest in the genre.（appeal to ）_____________________________________________10. Not all of the people like this movie.（popular）________________________________________________IV Cloze （10%）Directions: Read through the following passage and then decide which of the choices given below could correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Circle the correct choice for each blank.An interesting theory in economics is 1 by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. If seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales 2 in the 3 market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He 4 to the Head Man and 5 that his company would like to 6 several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business 7 would be 8 to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man 9, but announced that the price per piece would be 10 in such a 11 order than it would be if 12 a small order were placed. The represntative was 13 than a little shocked 14 the business sense of the Head Man 15 insisted that the price should be 16 because of the large volume, and 17 not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe 18. But why not? asked the American. Because 19 is so tiresome to make the 20 article over and over, answered the Head Man.1. A. illustrated B. appreciated C. demonstrated D. anticipated2. A. capacity B. potential C. ability D. fortune3. A. straw B. global C. world D. earth4. A. addressed B. spoke C. asked D. told5. A. declared B. confirmed C. demanded D. gestured6. A. order B. sell C. dispose D. make7. A. treaty B. pact C. matter D. deal8. A. effective B. efficient C. valuable D. profitable9. A. agreed B. accepted C. refused D. received10. A. lower B. higher C. expensive D. cheaper11. A. small B. big C. vast D. high12. A. certainly B. really C. only D. simply13. A. greater B. stronger C. less D. more14. A. from B. of C. at D. since15. A. who B. and C. then D. therefore16. A. lower B. higher C. little D. raised17. A. never B. really C. certainly D. yet18. A. weakly B. happily C. stubbornly D.hesitatingly19. A. he B. it C. what D. work20. A. similar B. beautiful C. alike D. sameV Reading Comprehension （20%）Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.1A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations that specialized in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1. The word observation in the first paragraph most probably means[A] attention. [B] watchfulness. [C] survey. [D] opinion.2. People in frontier settlements used to entertain travelers because these strangers would______.[A] bring good news from outside world.[B] help locals solve their problems.[C] bring a change to the life in the settlements.[D] requires a different definition.3. Nowadays the tradition of friendliness to strangers______.[A] is still prevailing.[B] can rarely be seen[C] is wading fast[D] requires a different definition4. According to the passage, which of the following is true?[A] People are still fond of traveling to remote places.[B] Foreign travelers now keep away from busy tourist trails.[C] There is no charitable organization in small cities.[D] Foreign visitors to the US have trouble understanding American's friendliness.5. From the last paragraph of the passage we have learned that______[A] the ability of speaking a foreign language implies a better understanding of its culture.[B] various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends.[C] culture exercises a great influence on social interrelationships.[D] courteous convention and individual interest are closely interrelated.2It is well known that when an individual joins a group he tends to accept the group's standards of behavior and thinking. He is expected to behave in accordance with these norms-in other words the group expects him to conform. Many illustrations could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people's judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.In a typical experiment, the experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group that is investigating visual perception. The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are collaborating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card, one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. The volunteer sees that the other members of the group unanimously choose a line which is obviously not the same length as the one on the standard card.When it is his turn to answer he is faced with the unanimous opinion of the group-all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will he do? According to Asch, more than half of the victims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion.6. Psychologists are interested in ________.[A] how far group pressure can influence people's judgments.[B] how to make judgments according to everyday experience.[C] how to change people's judgments.[D] the group's standards of social behaviour.7. In the experiment. Who have been told to pick the wrong line？[A] The victims. [B] The volunteer. [C] The experimenter. [D] The other members.8. In what circumstances do most people yield to pressure？[A] When the group is separated.[B] When the group is unanimous.[C] When they know they are the victims.[D] When they are forced to answer questions.9. The experiments demonstrate that _______.[A] nearly every individual will behave differently from others.[B] group pressure is caused by the interference of the psychologists.[C] psychologists wish to change the people's judgments and opinions.[D] people will change their ideas under group pressure.10.The best title of this passage would be _________.[A]A Typical Experiment.[B]Are We Afraid to be Different?[C]The Group's Standards of Behavior and Thinking.[D]Dose an Individual Need to Follow a Group's Standards?3The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-old years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, that gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible-to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one's fellows seemed to Thoreau's sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of living-each must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life，and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run .In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.11.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of ______.[A] learning how to live quietly.[B] writing a book on philosophy.[C] discovering what humans can learn from nature.[D] working out the best adjustment to material life .12. To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is _______.[A] to live a very simple life.[B] to become self-sufficient.[C] to live in the country.[D] to reform the society.13. Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to ________.[A] have a better understanding of what life means.[B] live harmoniously with nature.[C] to save as much as one possibly can.[D] to live a life that one is content with.14. In the book Walden all of the following can be found except________.[A] the nature of economy.[B] the meaning of freedom.[C] the criticism of society.[D] Ruskin's philosophy.15. Thoreau's attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of _______.[A] acceptance. [B] avoidance. [C] indifference. [D] individualism.4Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in American industry has been called the Second Industrial Revolution.Labor's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about its effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technological change is futile. In the long run, the result of automation may well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. Unquestionably, however, there will be major shifts in jobs within plants and displacement of labor from one industry to another. The interest of labor lies in bringing about this transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefits plans. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in SUB plan has a direct financial stake in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong incentive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible disruption in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently laid off workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the improvement factor, which calls for wage increase based on increases in productivity. It is probable, however, that labor will relymainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.16. We learn from paragraph 1 that automation will probably lead to_______.[A] industrial expansion[B] an increase in employment[C] displacement of labor from one industry to another.[D] an increase in unemployment.17. Labor has the opinion that _______.[A] all efforts must be made to prevent automation[B] automation will cause a rise in consumer costs[C] its main interest lies in increasing all wages.[D] technological change cannot be stopped.18. What is the relation between automation and employment in the opinion of labor?[A] Automation will definitely leads to more unemployment.[B] From a long-term point of view automation will bring about more jobs.[C] Automation will not cause much change in employment[D] sooner of later automation will do all the work instead of man19. The union stresses that ________.[A] workers should also enjoy the fruits brought about by automation.[B] no workers should be fired in the development of automation.[C] it is necessary to slow down the development of automation.[D] workers should be paid according to their length of service20. How many new policies of the unions have been listed in this passage?[A] 1 [B] 2 [C] 3 [D] 5VI Writing (20%)Directions: People may hold different views as to the dispute over when the shaping of a person's character, or natural disposition is completed. Some people state that the process of forming one's character is fulfilled in one's childhood, whereas others argue that it is achieved after one finishes his school studies or has worked for a year beyond campus. What do you think? Provide details in support of your argument with at least 180 words.。

程基础3、工程力学4、单片机原理 与接口技术（任选一门，其中初试 考过《微机原理及应用》的考生复 试不可以选择《单片机原理与接口 技术》）。同等学力加试科目：1、 测试技术及信号处理2、机械工程控 制基础。
(1)全日制
003机械工程学院
02计算机集成设计与制 造 03机电控制及自动化 085201机械工程 （专业学位） 04机器人技术 05机械强度分析及现代 设计方法 06不区分研究方向 01光纤传感 080300光学工程 02光电信息处理 03红外技术及应用 01电力系统及其自动化 02电力电子与电气传动 080800电气工程 03电机与电器 04电工理论与新技术 01微纳电子材料与器件 集成 02集成电路设计与系统 080900电子科学与技术 03新型光电器件与制造 技术 23 ①101思想政治理论②201英语一③ 301数学一④808电子电路基础或809 半导体物理或810信号与系统 10 ①101思想政治理论②201英语一③ 301数学一④811自动控制理论或812 电路 10 ①101思想政治理论②201英语一③ 301数学一④807应用光学或810信号 与系统 5 ①101思想政治理论②204英语二③ 302数学二④805微机原理及应用或 806机械原理 65 ①101思想政治理论②204英语二③ 302数学二④805微机原理及应用或 806机械原理
复试科目：1、机械设计2、控制工 程基础3、工程力学4、单片机原理 与接口技术（任选一门，其中初试 考过《微机原理及应用》的考生复

080200机械工程
02仿生设计理论与制造 03机电液一体化装备集 成 01先进机械装备设计及 加工技术
23
①101思想政治理论②201英语一③ 301数学一④805微机原理及应用或 806机械原理

课程编号：2215 课程名称：电力网络分析一、考试的总体要求要求掌握电力网络的基本概念、理论和分析计算方法，灵活运用所学的知识和方法来分析和计算电力网络及电力系统故障的问题。

二、考试的内容及比例1、电力系统元件的等值电路及参数计算（10%）1）电力线路的等值电路与参数计算2）变压器的等值电路与参数计算3）发电机的等值电路与参数计算4）电力网络等值电路及其标幺值参数计算2、简单电力系统的潮流计算（20%）1）功率损耗和电压降落2）开式网络的潮流计算3）配电网络的潮流计算4）闭式网络的的潮流计算5）输电线路的运行特性3、电力系统的正常运行与控制（20%）1）电力系统的有功功率平衡和频率的调整与控制2）电力系统的无功功率平衡和电压调整与控制3）电力系统的能竄损耗与降低损耗的措施4、电力系统故障与实用短路电流计算（50%）1）简单系统三相短路电流的实用计算方法对称分最法3）同步发电机、变压器、输电线的正、负、零序等值电路与参数4）简单电网的止、负、零序网络的制定方法5）不对称短路的故障边界条件和相应的复合序网6）不对称短路时网络中的电流、电压计算7）电流、电压对称分昴经过Y/A・l 1变压器后的柑位变换8）非全相运行三、考试的题型填空题、问答题、计算题。

四、考试形式及时间考试形式为笔试，考试时间为3小时五、主要参考书目1.《电力系统分析》（上、下）何仰赞温増银华中科技出版社2.《电力系统分析》夏道止主编水电出版社课程编号：2217 课程名称：线性控制理论一、考试的总体要求掌握自动控制原理与现代控制理论的基本内容、分析与设计方法,并能运用其解决实际问题。

二、考试的内容及比例自动控制原理20%：时频分析，根轨迹，系统校止及非线性系统的综合性问题现代控制理论80%：系统状态空间表达式，能控能观性，李亚普诺夫稳定性，动、静态反馈，极点配置，镇定, 解耦，全阶与降阶观测器的设计，线性二次最优控制，频域分析初步。

三、考试的题型及比例题型分简答题，计算题，证明题，设计题等，所占比例没有限定。

2024年博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Are you ready for the 2024 Ph.D. entrance exam? Here's a sneak peek at the English exam outline:1. Reading Comprehension:You'll read passages on various topics, like science, history, and literature. Then, answer questions to test your understanding.2. Vocabulary:Brush up on your word skills! You'll be asked to define words, match them to their meanings, and use them in sentences.3. Grammar:Watch out for those tricky grammar rules! Be prepared to identify errors in sentences and fix them.4. Writing:Show off your writing skills by composing essays on given topics. Remember to organize your ideas, use proper grammar, and support your arguments with examples.5. Listening:Listen to recordings of conversations, lectures, or interviews. Then, answer questions to show how well you understood the spoken English.6. Speaking:Finally, the speaking section! You'll have to talk about a given topic for a certain amount of time. Practice speaking clearly and confidently.Remember to study hard, stay focused, and do your best on the exam. Good luck, future Ph.D. students! You got this!篇2Title: Entrance Exam Outline for 2024 Doctoral StudentsHey guys! Are you ready to ace the entrance exam for your Ph.D. program in 2024? I'm here to give you all the deets on what to expect so you can totally crush it!1. Reading Comprehension: You'll be asked to read a few passages and answer questions about them. Make sure to read carefully and go back to the text to find the answers.2. Vocabulary: Get ready to show off your word knowledge! You'll need to know the meanings of some tricky words and how to use them in sentences.3. Grammar: Brush up on your grammar rules because you'll be tested on things like verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and punctuation.4. Writing: You might have to write an essay or a short response to a prompt. Make sure to organize your thoughts and use clear, concise language.5. Listening: There will be some listening exercises where you'll have to answer questions about what you hear. Pay attention and take notes if it helps!6. Speaking: You might have to do a speaking task like describing a picture or answering questions about yourself. Speak clearly and confidently!Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to prepare ahead of time. Study your English skills, practice with samplequestions, and get plenty of rest before the big day. Good luck, future doctors! You've got this!篇3Hello everyone, I am little Timmy, and today I am going to tell you all about the entrance exam for the 2024 Doctoral Program in English. Are you ready? Let's get started!First of all, there will be a listening section where you have to listen to a short audio clip and answer questions about it. It could be a conversation between two people or a story. Make sure to pay attention and take notes if you need to.Next, there will be a reading comprehension section where you will read passages and answer questions to show your understanding. Make sure to read carefully and take your time. Don't rush!After that, there will be a writing section where you have to write an essay on a given topic. Make sure to organize your thoughts and write clearly. Don't forget to check for spelling and grammar mistakes!Lastly, there will be a speaking section where you will have to talk about a topic for a few minutes. Practice speaking English as much as you can before the exam so you feel confident.Remember, the key to doing well on the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Study hard and don't be afraid to ask for help if you need it. You can do it!Good luck to all the little scholars taking the exam. You can do it!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to tell you all about the entrance exam for doctoral students in 2024. It's going to be super exciting, so buckle up and let's dive in!First off, the English exam is going to test your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. You'll need to show that you can understand complex passages, write a cohesive essay, listen to lectures and discussions, and participate in conversations. It's important to prepare in advance by studying vocabulary, grammar, and practicing your English skills every day.In the reading section, you'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to show your comprehension. Make sure to read carefully and take your time to understand the main points of each passage. Practice reading academic articles, essays, and scientific papers to get used to the type of reading you'll encounter in the exam.Next, the writing section will require you to write an essay on a given topic. You'll need to organize your ideas cohesively, support your arguments with evidence, and demonstrate your critical thinking skills. Practice writing essays on different topics and ask for feedback from teachers or peers to improve your writing skills.For the listening section, you'll listen to lectures, discussions, and conversations and answer questions to demonstrate your listening comprehension. Pay close attention to the main ideas, key details, and relationships between speakers to answer the questions accurately. Practice listening to podcasts, TED talks, and academic lectures to improve your listening skills.Lastly, the speaking section will test your ability to communicate verbally in English. You'll be asked questions and engage in conversations with examiners to demonstrate your speaking skills. Practice speaking English regularly with nativespeakers or language partners to improve your pronunciation, fluency, and confidence in speaking.In conclusion, the 2024 doctoral entrance exam will be a challenging but rewarding opportunity to showcase your English skills and pursue your academic goals. Remember to study hard, practice consistently, and stay confident in your abilities. Good luck to all the aspiring doctoral students out there - you've got this!篇5Title: 2024 Ph.D. Graduate School Entrance Exam English Exam OutlineHey there, future doctoral students! Are you ready to rock the 2024 entrance exam for graduate school? We've got you covered with the English exam outline to help you prepare and succeed in the big test. Let's dive into it!1. Reading Comprehension:You will be tested on your ability to understand and analyze academic texts. You'll be asked to read passages on various topics and answer questions to demonstrate yourcomprehension skills. Make sure to read carefully and pay attention to details.2. Vocabulary and Grammar:You'll need to show off your knowledge of English vocabulary and grammar. Be prepared to identify synonyms, antonyms, and complete sentences with appropriate words. Brush up on your verb tenses, prepositions, and sentence structure to ace this section.3. Writing Skills:Get ready to put your writing skills to the test! You'll be asked to write essays or short responses on given prompts. Make sure to organize your thoughts coherently, use proper grammar and punctuation, and develop your ideas with clear examples. Practice writing before the exam to improve your skills.4. Listening Comprehension:Listening skills are crucial for academic success. You'll be required to listen to lectures or conversations and answer questions based on the information provided. Focus on understanding the main ideas, key details, and supporting arguments.5. Speaking Skills:The speaking section will assess your ability to communicate effectively in English. You may be asked to participate in conversations, present ideas, or give a speech. Practice speaking fluently, clearly, and confidently to showcase your communication skills.Remember, preparation is key to success! Study regularly, practice different types of questions, and seek help from teachers or tutors if needed. Stay confident, stay focused, and give it your best shot on exam day. Good luck, future scholars! You've got this!篇6Hello everyone! I'm super excited to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 doctoral entrance exam. Okay, let's dive in!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions to test your understanding of the text.- Questions may include identifying main ideas, making inferences, and analyzing the author's purpose.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Complete sentences with the correct words or phrases.- Identify grammatical errors and correct them.- Choose the best synonym or antonym for a given word.3. Writing- Write an essay on a given topic, expressing your opinions and supporting them with reasons and examples.- Summarize a passage in your own words.- Write a formal email or letter in response to a given situation.4. Listening Comprehension- Listen to conversations or lectures and answer questions based on what you hear.- Fill in missing information in a dialogue.- Identify the main idea or purpose of a recording.5. Speaking- Participate in a conversation with the examiner, discussing a given topic.- Give a short presentation on a specific topic, using visuals if necessary.- Answer questions on the spot, demonstrating your ability to think quickly and articulate your thoughts clearly.Don't forget to review your English grammar and vocabulary regularly, practice reading and listening to English materials, and work on your writing and speaking skills. Good luck with your exam preparation, and remember to have fun while learning English!篇7Hey guys, guess what? I have some super cool news for you!I just found out about the English exam outline for the 2024 Ph.D. graduate school entrance exam! Isn't that awesome?So, in the exam, we're gonna have to show off our English skills in a bunch of different ways. We'll have to do things like reading comprehension, writing essays, and answering grammar questions. But don't worry, I know we can totally rock this exam!First up, there's gonna be a reading comprehension section where we read some passages and answer questions about them.We gotta make sure we understand what we're reading and can find the main ideas and details.Next, we'll have to write some essays on different topics. We gotta make sure our writing is clear, organized, and has good grammar and vocabulary. I know we're all super smart, so we can totally nail this part!And finally, there's gonna be some grammar questions to test our knowledge of English grammar rules. We gotta know things like verb tenses, prepositions, and punctuation. But I know we've all been studying hard, so we'll totally crush this part too!Overall, the exam is gonna test our English skills in a bunch of different ways. But I know we've all been working super hard and we're gonna do amazing. Let's go show everyone how awesome we are at English! Woo hoo!篇8Hello everyone! Today I'm going to share with you the English exam outline for the 2024 Doctoral Entrance Exam. It's going to be super duper fun, so let's get started!1. Reading Comprehension- Read a passage and answer questions about the main idea, details, and vocabulary.- Might have multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and short-answer questions.- Practice reading different types of texts like articles, stories, and reports.2. Vocabulary and Grammar- Fill in the blanks with the correct word or phrase.- Identify the parts of speech (noun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.).- Correct the grammar mistakes in sentences.- Learn new words and practice using them in sentences.3. Writing- Write a short essay on a given topic.- Include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.- Use linking words to connect your ideas.- Check your spelling, punctuation, and grammar.4. Speaking- Talk about a topic for a few minutes without stopping.- Answer questions about yourself and your opinions.- Practice speaking clearly and confidently.- Listen to recordings and practice repeating after them.5. Listening- Listen to a recording and answer questions about the content.- Pay attention to the main idea, details, and speaker's tone.- Practice listening to different accents and speeds.- Take notes while listening to help you remember key points.Remember to practice a little bit every day to prepare for the exam. Good luck, future scholars! You can do it!篇9Hello everyone! Today I'm gonna share the big news about the entrance exam for the doctoral program in 2024. Are youexcited? Well, let me break it down for you in a simple and fun way!First of all, the exam will have three main parts: listening, reading, and writing. In the listening section, you'll have to listen to conversations and answer questions about them. So make sure to practice your listening skills by watching English movies and TV shows!Next up is the reading section, where you'll have to read passages and answer questions. Remember to pay attention to details and take your time to understand the text. You can also practice by reading English books and articles.Last but not least is the writing section. You'll have to write essays on various topics, so make sure to practice your writing skills by writing every day. Remember to use proper grammar, punctuation, and vocabulary to impress the examiners!In addition to these three main sections, there will also be a speaking test where you'll have to have a conversation with the examiners. So practice speaking English with your friends or even in front of a mirror to boost your confidence!Overall, the key to doing well in the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Don't worry if you make mistakes, just keeplearning and improving. With hard work and dedication, I'm sure you'll do great in the 2024 entrance exam for the doctoral program. Good luck everyone, you got this!篇10Dear students,Welcome to the 2024 PhD entrance examination! We're so excited to have you all here to take part in this big test. We know it can be a little nerve-wracking, but don't worry, we believe in you!First off, let's talk about what's going to be on the exam. You can expect to see questions on a variety of topics, including your field of study, general knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The exam will be divided into multiple sections, each testing different aspects of your abilities.In the first section, you'll be asked to demonstrate your knowledge of your field of study. This might include questions about key concepts, major figures in the field, and recent developments. Make sure to review your notes and textbooks before the exam to refresh your memory!The second section will test your general knowledge. You might be asked questions about current events, popular culture, or historical events. Stay up to date on the news and try to read widely to prepare for this section.The third section will focus on critical thinking. You'll be presented with scenarios or arguments and asked to analyze them, identify flaws, and make logical conclusions. Practice thinking critically about the world around you to do well on this part of the exam.Finally, the fourth section will test your problem-solving skills. You might be given a complex problem and asked to come up with a solution, or asked to explain your thought process for solving a puzzle. Practice thinking creatively and approaching problems from different angles to excel on this section.Remember, the most important thing is to stay calm and do your best. Good luck, and we look forward to seeing all the amazing things you will accomplish in your future academic career!Sincerely,The Examination Committee。

天津理工大学2018年硕士研究生复试考试大纲
一、考试科目：《微机原理与电子技术》
二、考试参考书目：《微型计算机技术与应用》戴梅鄂主编清华大学出版社
《电子技术基础》康华光主编高等教育出版社三、考试方式：考试采用笔试方式。

考试时间为120分钟，试卷满分为
100分。

四、考查的知识范围：
1、微机原理
(1) 微机原理部分
①PU编程结构② CPU程序执行原理③ CPU内部寄存器④存贮
器原理
⑤存贮器管理方法
要求：CPU内部结构；存贮器管理方法。

(2)程序设计部分
①指令系统，数据传送指令②数据算术运算指令③程序控制转
移指令
要求：能读程序；编写程序。

(3)接口部分
①接口译码电路
要求：接口译码电路分析；接口译码电路设计；接口电路程序设计。

②并行接口芯片(8255)
要求：接口电路设计；接口译码电路设计；接口程序设计。

2、电子技术
(1) 总体要求
电子技术基础考试内容为:放大电路的分析计算，负反馈电路的分析计算，运算放大器的分析计算，正弦波振荡器的分析，逻辑函数的化简，组合电路和时序电路的分析和设计，集成计数器的应用，555定时器的应用等。

考查学生对电子系统进行分析和综合设计的能力。

(2) 考试的内容
①模拟电子技术
掌握：基本放大电路的分析计算，负反馈电路的分析计算，运算放大
器的分析计算，正弦波振荡器的分析。

理解：非线性运算放大器的构成原理和直流稳压的原理。

了解：功率放大器的概念。

1。

天津理工大学2019年硕士研究生入学考试大纲一、考试科目：社会学研究方法（822）二、考试要求：全面系统地掌握社会学研究的方法论、社会学研究的类型、社会学研究的设计、社会测量、抽样方法、资料的收集方法、统计分析方法、理论分析方法和调查报告的写作方法；掌握描述统计、正态分布、中心极限定理、参数估计、假设检验、列联表、等级相关、回归与相关、抽样等方法与技术。

三、考试方式：考试采用笔试方式。

考试时间为180分钟。

试卷满分为150分。

四、试卷结构与分数比重概念题（20分）简答题（40分）论述题（40分）综合运用题（50分）五、内容结构社会学研究方法（100分）社会统计学：（50分）六、考查的知识范围1）社会学研究方法第一章社会学研究的基本类型：定性研究与定量研究第二章社会学研究的一般过程：选择问题、研究设计、研究实施、资料分析、得出结果五个阶段。

第三章社会学研究的准备与设计：确定研究课题、提出研究假设、确定调查内容与调查对象、研究方案的设计第四章社会测量：社会测量的概念、尺度、方法、操作化、指标与指标体系、信度与效度（这里我把操作化从第三章移过来）第五章抽样：抽样调查的意义、有关抽样的概念、概率抽样、非概率抽样、样本容量第六章问卷法：问卷法的特点、问卷的结构、问卷的设计第七章访问法：访问法的特点、类型、程序与技巧、访问员的挑选与培训第八章观察法：观察法的特点与优缺点、参与观察、非参与观察第九章文献法：文献法的优缺点、内容分析、统计资料的分析第十章定量资料的整理与录入：定量资料审核、编码第十一章调查研究报告的撰写：调查研究报告的种类、普通调查研究报告的撰写、学术调查研究报告的撰写、应注意的问题1）社会统计学第一章单变量的统计描述分析第二章正态分布、常用统计分布和极限定理第三章参数估计第四章假设检验的基本概念第五章单总体假设检验第六章二总体假设检验第七章列联表第八章等级相关回归与相关第九章抽样第十章一元方差分析。