非谓语动词之过去分词

想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
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（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和 完成，只表完成。如：
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
(Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. When the factory is seen from the top of the tower, the Factory looks beautiful.
After he was scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.
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4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman .
Because he didn’t know where to go, he asked a policeman.
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3、作宾语补足语

I can‟t go out with these dishes to wash. She fell asleep with the light burning. He worked with the door closed. Don‟t stand with your hands in your pockets. She sleeps with the window open. With John away, we‟ve got more room. 不定式 分词（现在分词、过去分词）
3.当做定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的 承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态， 但含义不同 Do you have anything to send? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Do you have anything to be sent? (不定式to send的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）
To study a foreign language, one needs practice.
独立主格结构 定义：非谓语结构带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作 状语。 特点：①…的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，独立存在 ②独立主格中的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、 副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系 ③独立主格结构后一般有逗号与句子分开。 构成：①名词（代词）+现分/过分 ②名词（代词）+形容词 ③名词（代词）+副词 ④名词（代词）+不定式⑤名词（代词）+介词短语 ⑥with/without+名词（代词）+宾补
非谓语动词分类
不定式 (to) do
非谓语动词
动名词 doing 分词 现在分词 doing

With的复合结构在分词中的用法 的复合结构在分词中的用法 1.with+名词 或代词)+ 名词( )+现在分词 1.with+名词(或代词)+现在分词 分词的动作的发出者或某动作， （强调名词是 -ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作，状态 分词的动作的发出者或某动作 正在进行） 正在进行） fast, 1)With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（ 。（原因状 由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。（原因状 语） cheering, 2)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（ 。（伴随情 在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。（伴随情 况）
Given more time, he can do it better. 条件状语） （条件状语） If given another chance, I’ll do it better. Caught in the rain, I was wet all through. 原因状语） （原因状语） Although warned of danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. 让步状语） （ 让步状语）
1.With my money _____(lose), I can’t buy it now. 2.With winter _______ (come), I feel happy 3._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 4.The Olympic Games,___ in 776 B.C，did not include ， women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing 5.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 6.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ___ the next year. A. carry put B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

②不及物动词的过去分词作定语时，只表示完成，不 表示被动意义 the risen sun升起的太阳 a retired teacher 一位退休的教师 __fa_l_l_en__l_ea_v_e_s落叶 非谓_b语_o动_i词l_e之_d过_去w_分_a词_te_r_ 开水
动词过去分词充当定语：3、可转换成定语从句
位前置定语：单个动词过去分词 过去置后置定语：过去分词短语 分词 作定意及物动词过去分词：表示被动、完成 语 义不及物动词过去分词：表示完成
与定语从句转换
非谓语动词之过去分词
动词过去分词充当定语：1、位置
①单个过去分词，常放在被修饰词的前面,作前置 定语 The lost child was found at last. The excited people rushed into building. Lost time can never be found again.
Scientific experiments which are carried out by students can be dangerous.
Scientific experiments __c_a_rr_ie_d__o_u_t__by students can be dangerous.
非谓语动词之过去分词
back. 8. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 9. Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 10. He stood there silently, moved to tears.
②过去分词短语，常放在被修饰词的后面，作后

非谓语动词（Non-finiteverbs）非谓语动词概述：不定式（todo）：目的、将来形式现在分词（doing）：主动、进行过去分词（done）：被动、完成todo：某一次具体的动作作主语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为todo：某一次具体的动作作表语doing：抽象的、概念性的、多次的、经常性的行为done：todo作宾语doing句法功能todo：目的、将来作定语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作宾补doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成todo：目的、将来作状语doing：主动、进行done：被动、完成独立成分作状语n./pron.+todo/doing/done独立主格结构with的复合结构GrammarI：非谓语动词的形式（一）过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式，就是一般式done。

①单独表示一个被动的动作；②也可以单独表示动作已经完成；③还可以同时表示被动和完成。

（二）现在分词的各种形式：（三）主动被动用法一般doing beingdone doing的动作与谓语动作几e.g.1._______________(hear)thenews,theycouldn’thelpla ughing.e.g.2.Not________________(finish)thetask,theyhavetostayt hereforanothertwoweeks.e.g.3.________________(turn)offtheTVset,hebegantogoover (复习)hislessons.e.g.4.______________(heat加热),thewatergetshot.e.g.5._______________(build)forhalfayear,thebuildingbeca meourlibrary.e.g.6._______________(tell)manytimes,hestillrepeated(重复)thesamemistake.e.g.7.Isawtherewasaboy________________(blame)byhisfat her.（四）不定式的各种形式（五）e.g.1.Therearemanydishes_________________(wash)inthek itchen.SoIdon’thavetimetoseeafilmwithyoutonight.注意：非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加notGrammarII：todo、doing作主语或表语一、todo、doing作主语的一般用法：e.g.1.Toswimtodayisagoodideae.g.2.Eatingtoomuchisbad foryourhealth.思考：todo作主语，表__________________________________________________的动作；doing作主语，表_________________________________________________的动作。

(2014年广东高考--语法填空) 1. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there were told (tell) that had been a mistake. We ___________ our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, but for the week after. 2. The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play sunburnt (sunburn), volleyball. We got a little __________ but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
(2013年深圳第一次调研) 5. I stood there _________ puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow had cheated me. (2013汕头期末统考) designed 6. You can have program specially __________ (design) to suit you, or you can just ask staff to make a few suggestions about activities to do. (2012年广东两校联考) Hearing (hear) that, 7. “What can I do?” _________ the boatman replied calmly , “It doesn’t matter. I’m coming to dive for the man …

非谓语动词（三）——过去分词（三）过去分词：1、过去分词的基本用法：过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。

过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。

过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：（1）作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。

被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car was found by the police last week.（2）作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。

注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。

作表语用的过去分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。

（3）作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。

• 我感到很受伤，因为他没有为我做任何事。这就是为什 么我们的关系将被视为结束。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。
作表语
〔注〕有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变 化而来的形容词。 I'm ashamed of myself for it. 为此我自感羞愧。
1）构成谓语
①“have+过去分词done”可以构成谓语动词完成时态或非谓语动词的完成 式。
I haven't been out much recently. （现在完成时） 我最近没太出门。 I knew you had been busy for a long time. （过去完成时） 我知道你一直很忙。 I'm sorry not to have given you enough care. （不定式完成式） 我很抱歉没有给你足够的关心。
Don’t say that! She was annoyed at your saying that. 不要说啦！你这样讲她很不高兴。
We were so bored that we couldn't help yawning. 我们厌烦得要命，禁不住打起了呵欠。
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
作表语
注意：这种结构和被动语态是有差别的：
①“be+表语”结构表示一种状态，而被动语态表示一个动作。 试比较下面句子： The shop is closed now. 商店已关门。(be+表语，表状态) The shop is usually closed at 8 o’clock. 商店通常8 点关门。（被动语态，表动作） He was wounded in the arm. 他手臂受了伤的。(be+表语，表状态)

非谓语动词分词的用法总结一、非谓语动词分词的基本概念及形式非谓语动词分词是英语中的一种特殊用法，常用来表达被动、完成、主动等不同含义。

在句子中作为定语、状语或补语，并且有时可以替代从句。

它的形式通常为“过去分词”或“现在分词”，具体使用取决于上下文和句子结构。

1. 过去分词过去分词通常由动词原形后加上-ed或-d构成，如：played, taken, finished等。

它可以表示被动意义，也可以表示稍微延续的状态或完成的行为。

2. 现在分词现在分词通常由动词原形后加-ing构成，如：playing, taking, working等。

它可以表示主动进行的行为，同时也具有形容词性质。

二、非谓语动词分词作定语非谓语动词分词可以用作定语来修饰名词，起到进一步说明、限定名次的作用。

1. 过去分词作定语过去分词作为定语时，通常修饰被其所描述的名次，如：broken heart (破碎的心) ，cooked rice (煮熟的米饭)等。

它可以表示被动或完成的状态。

2. 现在分词作定语现在分词作为定语时，通常修饰与之相关的名次，并且描述正在进行或主动发生的行为，如：a running river (奔流的河流) ，a barking dog (叫唤的狗)等。

三、非谓语动词分词作状语非谓语动词分词可以用作状语来修饰句子、从句或名词短语，起到表示时间、原因、方式、条件等不同功能的作用。

1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作为状语时，可以表示原因、结果、条件、时间等。

例如：Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (完成了家庭作业后，他出去玩了)2. 现在分词作状语现在分词作为状语时，可以表达同时进行、原因、方式等含义。

例如：Walking slowly, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (慢慢地走着，她欣赏美丽的风景)四、非谓语动词分词作补语非谓语动词分词还可以用来充当及物动词的宾补或形容词的补足语，起到补充说明、进一步描述的作用。

非谓语之过去分词动词的-ed形式也是非谓语动词的一种，它具有动词的一些特点，同时也具有形容词、副词的句法功能，在句中可用作表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。

动词的-ed形式的特征A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。

绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。

1．规则动词的-ed形式，直接在动词后+edlimit→limited（限制）pretend→pretended（假装）e scape→escaped（逃脱）provide→provided（提供）refer→referred（提交）drag→dragged（拖）pray→prayed（祈祷）supply→supplied（供应）2．不规则动词的-ed形式cast→cast（投掷）spread→spread（传播）bite→bitten（咬）forgive→forgiven（原谅）spit→spat（吐）wear→worn（穿）fight→fought（搏斗）lose→lost（丢失）3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同例：learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授aged an aged man 老人beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。

例：Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside.Never invited to his party, she got angry with him.C．动词的-ed形式的特征动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。

1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。

除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

注意：
过去分词作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词+过去分词” 结构，即: while (when, once, as, though, unless, if 等连词)+过去分词
例句：
(1) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. (2) Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (3) When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
(2) I was very surprised to see little Jimmy run so fast in the game.
(3) The shop has remained shut for a week.
(4) I turned around for my bag but it was gone.
others. 2. I would prefer all the difficulties in the books marked. 3. I felt a great weight taken off my mind. 4. When he woke up, he found everything changed.
现在分词 过去分词
the falling leaves 正在落下的叶子
the fallen leaves 已落到地上的叶子
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 已经升起的太阳
boiling water 正在沸腾的水

非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。

其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。

非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。

2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。

(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。

如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。

过去分词的用法一、过去分词作定语用法〔Past Participles Used as Attributes〕过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑〔意义〕上的动宾关系。

过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。

有时也不表示时间性。

作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。

He is a teacher loved by his students.也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。

不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。

例如：Fallen leaves retired workers the risen sun注意一下几点：1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。

例如：We needed much more qualified workers. My friend is a returned student. 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。

They decided to change the material used.2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

The student dressed in white is my daughter.=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词做定语，也要放在被修饰词的后面。

Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。

1、只能接不定式的动词： a.（想要）want, would like, would prefer, ask, demand, intend, desire, b.(希望) wish, hope, expect, c.（决定）agree, decide, manage, promise, choose, continue, plan, prepare, make up one’s mind, try one’s best, offer, apply, d.happen, learn, fail, pretend, refuse, afford
要接动名词的几个句型 prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth from doing … (阻止…做) spend / waste time / money in doing sth. 在…花费或浪费时间或钱 how about / what about doing have some difficulty / trouble / problems in doing 在做… 有困难 have a hard / good time in doing 做… 很艰难或做…很愉快 There is no sense / point in doing
d.在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如： The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.) We find the lake safe to swim in. (注意尾介词) The chair is comfortable to sit on
3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词： remember to do 记得去做， remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做， forget doing 忘记做过了, regret to do 遗憾去做， regret doing 后悔做过, try to do 设法去做， try doing 试着做, go on to do 接着做另一件事， go on doing 继续做同一件事,

非谓语动词三过去分词定义:过去分词既具有动词的特征,又具备形容词和副词的语法功能. 表完成、被动、状态。

1做定语表完成\被动。

表完成----这类词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

Boiled water [开了的水] Fallen leaves[落叶] Newly arrived goods[0新到的货] The risen sun[升起的太阳] The changed world The changed out looking.表被动：A invited client [一位受邀请的客人] The window broken by the little boy The car found by the local police The injured worker was sent away.※注※:分词单独作定语时,放在被修饰词语前面Our class went on an [organized] trip last Monday.分词短语做定语时,放在被修饰词语后面Those [elected as committee members] will attend the meeting. ※注※:过去分词做定语,相当于一个定语从句:Our class went on an trip [which was organized] last Monday.Those [ who were elected as committee members] will attend the meeting.2做表语: 表状态----表示其[逻辑主语] 所处的状态：[注：被动语态中，动作的承受者称为[逻辑主语],如She was seen by me中She是逻辑主语，Me是实际主语。

] The window is broken. We feel bored. She looks disappointed.They became confused. The door remained locked. We are pleased with the meal.The case stay closed. They were frightened at the sad sight.※注※:作表语的过去分词在字典中已经被列为形容词Crowed Devoted Discouraged Done Dressed Experienced Frightened Broken Drunk Learned Satisfied interested killed known Undressed Surprised Hurt Gone Worried Lost Completed Shut covered Astonished Pleased※注※:表状态的过去分词有：Lost Seated Hiddden Lost in Dressed inFrightened Satisfied tired Disappointed Interested Relaxed Pleased Scared.常用的词组Stationed Absorbed in[沉溺于] Born Dressed in Tired of Fixed on Prepared for Furnished with Equipped with Devoted to Armed with Caught in Located in situated in Employed in Delighted at Disappointed at Surprised at Shocked at Astonished at Experienced in Satisfied with concerned with Worried about Supposed to crowed with Determined to.※注※: B e+过去分词，过去分词可作表语也可充当被动语态。