高级英语阅读和写作材料六

Why Marriages FailBy Anne RoipheThese days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. “Happily ever after” and “Till death do us part” are expressions that seem on the way to becoming obsolete. Why has it become so hard for couples to stay together? What goes wrong? What has happened to us that close to one-half of all marriages are destined for the divorce courts? How could we have created a society in which 42 percent of our children will grow up in single-parent homes? If statistics could only measure loneliness, regret, pain, loss of self-confidence and fear of the future, the numbers would be beyond quantifying.Even though each broken marriage is unique, we can still find the common perils, the common causes for marital despair. Each marriage has crisis points and each marriage tests endurance, the capacity for both intimacy and change. Outside pressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents, and all the other plagues of life hit marriage the way hurricanes blast our shores. Some marriages survive these storms, and others don’t. Marriages fail, however, not simply because of the outside weather but because the inner climate becomes too hot or too cold, too turbulent or too stupefying.When we look at how we choose our partners and what expectations exist at the tender beginnings of romance, some of the reasons for disaster become quite clear. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional patterns of our first homes. Each of us falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives.Of course people can overcome the habits and attitudes that developed in childhood. We all have hidden strengths and amazing capacities for growth and creative change. Change, however, requires work --observing your part in a rotten pattern, bringing difficulties out into the open --and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage: “When I wed this person all my problems will be over. I will have achieved success and I will become the center of life for this other person and this person will be my center, and we will mean everything to each other forever.” This myth, which every marriage relies on, is soon exposed. The coming of children, the pulls and tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable strain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, of merging together and solving all of life’s problems.Concern and tension about money take each partner away from the other. Obligations to demanding parents or still-depended-upon parents create further strain. Couples today must also deal with all the cultural changes brought on in recent years by the women’s movement and the sexual revolution. The altering of roles and the shifting of responsibilities have been extremely trying for many marriages.These and other realities of life erode the visions of marital bliss the way sandstorms eat at rock and the ocean nibbles away at the dunes. Real life, failure at work, disappointments, exhaustion, bad smells, bad colds, and hard times all puncture the dream and leave us stranded with our mate, with our childhood patterns pushing us this way and that, with our unfulfilled expectations. It is not hard to see, therefore, how essential communication is for a good marriage.A man and a woman must be able to tell each other how they feel and why they feel the way they do; otherwise they will impose on each other roles and actions that lead to further unhappiness. In some cases, the communication patterns of childhood --of not talking, of talking too much, of not listening, of distrust and anger, of withdrawal --spill into the marriage and prevent a healthy exchange of thoughts and feelings. The answer is to set up new patterns of communication and intimacy.If we sense from our mate a need for too much intimacy, we tend to push him or her away, fearing that we may lose our identities in the merging of marriage. One partner may suffocate the other partner in a childlike dependency.A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn’t easy. Richard gives up his interest in carpentry because his wife, Helen, is jealous of the time he spends away from her. Karen quits the choir group because her husband dislikes the friends she makes there. Each pair clings to each other and is angry with each other as life closes in on them. This kind of marital balance is easily thrown as one or the other pulls away and divorce follows.Sometimes people pretend that a new partner will solve the old problems. Most often extramarital sex destroys a marriage because it allows an artificial split between the good and the bad --the good is projected on the new partner and the bad is dumped on the head of the old. Infidelity is often that proverbial last straw that sinks the camel to the ground.All right --marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modern social fabric is thin, and yes the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into chaos. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the self-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one’s fantasies, some of one’s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. Marriage requires sexual, financial, and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing or changing.Divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, like the first cut of the surgeon’s knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breakup of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.。

高级英语写作综合练习题
题目一：图表描述
请描述以下柱状图，并分析数据中的趋势。

题目二：辩论议题
请选择一个你认为重要的社会议题，并从两个不同的角度进行辩论。

确保你提供了足够的证据来支持你的观点。

题目三：短文写作
请写一篇关于环境保护的短文，其中包括以下要点：
- 环境问题的严重性
- 造成环境问题的主要原因
- 如何解决环境问题
题目四：观点阐述
请阐述你对电子书和传统纸质书之间的偏好，并提供理由以支持你的观点。

题目五：阅读理解
阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

[短文内容]
1. 问题一
2. 问题二
3. 问题三
...
题目六：写作技巧应用
请描述一个使用比喻、类比或引用的写作技巧，并提供一个例子来展示该技巧的应用。

题目七：议论文写作
请写一篇关于托福考试的议论文，说明你是否认为托福考试对大学申请过程有益。

题目八：写作结构组织
请描述一个常用的写作结构或组织方式，以及你为什么认为它是有效的。

题目九：文化差异讨论
请选择两个不同的文化，并讨论它们之间可能存在的一些语言和行为差异。

题目十：论述分析
请选择一篇你感兴趣的文章，并进行论述分析。

题目十一：写作技巧应用
请阐述一个添加修饰语、副词或短语的写作技巧，并提供一个
例子来展示该技巧的应用。

题目十二：命题论证
请选择一个命题论证，并提供证据和理由来支持或反驳该命题。

以上是高级英语写作综合练习题，请根据你的兴趣和时间安排，选择其中几个题目进行练习，并尽量用英语进行写作。

高级英语作文高级英语作文篇11.提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance 代替Improve2.改变：Transform 代替Change3.强调：Highlight、Stress、Address 代替Emphasize4.培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture 代替Develop5.破坏：Impair、Undermine[这两个词指抽象意义上的破坏]、Jeopardize、Devastate 代替Break6.保存Preserve、Conserve[保护资源用的就是这个词]，protect这个词用在保护具体的东西代替Keep7.解决Tackle、Address、Resolve 代替Deal with8.需要Require、Necessitate、Call for 代替Need9.黏贴、附着Adhere、Cling 代替Stick10.忽略Ignore、Difference 代替Neglect11.避开Shun 代替Avoid12.普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant、Universal、Ubiquitous 代替Everywhere13.好的Beneficial、Advantageous 代替Good14.有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful 代替Harmful15.富有的Wealthy、Affluent 代替Rich16.贫穷的Impoverished 代替Poor17.严重的Severe 代替Serious18.明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 代替Obvious19.便宜的Economical、Inexpensive 代替Cheap20.重要的Crucial 、Extremely important、Significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) 代替Important21.大量的、充足的Ample、Plentiful 代替Abundant高级英语作文篇21、at the same time 同时for instance 例如2、Besides/what,s more 而且；此外from now on 从此3、but 但是by this time 此时4、after a few days 几天以后certainly 无疑地；当然地5、beside 此外for this purpose 为了这个目的6、of course当然truly 事实上；真实地7、by and large 一般说来thus 因此8、all the same 依然；照样however 然而；无论如何9、to begin with 首先；第一一方面…（另一方面）10、meanwhile 与此同时thirdly 第三11、as a result结果in sum 总之，简而言之12、in the first place 首先；第一on the whole 总起来说13、above all 最重要的是accordingly 于是14、after all 毕竟fortunately 幸运地15、no doubt 无疑地such as 正如16、by doing so 如此to sum up 总而言之17、all in all 总之18、at first 最初for one thing…（for another）19、certainly 当然地；无疑地obviously 显然20、currently 目前；最后recently 最近21、in addition 此外second 第二；第二点22、in fact 事实上unlike 不像……；和……不同23、obviously 明显地later 后来24、as a matter of fact 事实上yet仍；然而；但是25、moreover 而且，此外for another 其次26、in short 简而言之truly 的确27、in fact 事实上similarly 同样地28、still 仍然unfortunately 不幸地29、also/too 并且；又for example 例如30、in addition to…除…之外secondly 第二31、in conclusion 总之，最后undoubtedly 无疑32、at the same time同时；然而luckily 幸运地33、indeed 的确third 第三；第三点34、in brief 简言之no doubt 毫无疑问35、particularly特别地unlike …不像……；和……不同36、anyway 无论如何in spite of 尽管……；虽然……37、though/although 尽管no doubt 无疑地38、at present 现在；当今首先…（其次）…39、finally 最后to conclude 总而言之40、in particular 特别（地）soon 不久41、briefly 简单扼要地to speak frankly 坦白地说42、eventually 最后surely 无疑43、what is more 而且；此外44、in the same way 同样地still 仍然45、at last 最后therefore 因此46、as I have said 如我所述on the whole 总体来说；整个看来47、in a word 总之so 所以48、presently 现在；此刻now 现在49、first（ly）第一in general 一般说来50、even though即使otherwise 否则51、in/by contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地52、in the beginning 起初one the one hand…（on the other hand）53、in other words 换句话说so 所以54、after/after that/afterwards此后by this time 此时55、first of all 首先；第一generally speaking 一般地说56、lately 最近to start with 首先；第一57、as has been noted 如前所述in summary 简要地说58、after a while过了一会儿therefore 因此；结果59、by the way 顺便提一句then 然后高级英语作文篇3一、引出开头1：It is well-known to us that……（我们都知道……）==As far as my knowledge is concerned, …（就我所知…）2：Recently the problem of……has been broughtinto focus. ==Nowadays there is a growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）3：Nowadays（overpopulation）has become a problem we have to face.（现今，人口过剩已成为我们不得不面对的问题）4：Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.（互联网已在我们的生活扮演着越来越重要的角色，它给我们带来了许多好处但也产生了一些严重的问题）5：With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）6：It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）7：A lot of people seem to think that……（很多人似乎认为……）8：It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道...）二、表达不同观点1：People's views on……vary from person to person. Some hold that……However, others believethat……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）3：Attitudes towards （drugs）vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards（failure）（人们对待吸毒的态度因人而异）4：There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）三、表示结尾1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的.，我们可以得出结论……）3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）4：Hence/Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）5：There is no doubt that (jo有优点也有缺点）6：All in all, we cannot live without……,but at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.（总之，我们没有……无法生活，但同时我们必须寻求新的解决办法来面对可能出现的新问题）四、提出建议1：It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).（该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了）2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）3：Obviously ,if we want to do something …it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）4：Only in this way can we ……（只有这样，我们才能……）5：Spare no effort to + V （不遗余力的）五、预示后果1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）六、表示论证1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the firstopinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）3：As far as I am concerned/In my opinion,……（就我来说……）4：I sincerely believe that……==I am greatly convinced (that)子句.（我真诚地相信……）5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）七、给出原因1：The reason why + 句子~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）2：This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons .First,…….Second,…….Third，……。

高级英语作文高级英语作文五篇在平平淡淡的学习、工作、生活中，大家都尝试过写作文吧，作文是从内部言语向外部言语的过渡，即从经过压缩的简要的、自己能明白的语言，向开展的、具有规范语法结构的、能为他人所理解的外部语言形式的转化。

相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是小编为大家整理的高级英语作文5篇，欢迎阅读与收藏。

高级英语作文篇11.强迫coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to)、compel 代替force2.扩大 magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is) 代替enlarge3.赞扬extol(stronger than praise)、compliment(polite and politic 代替praise4.刻苦的 assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly 代替hard-working5.艰巨的 arduous (if something is arduous、it is difficult and tiring、and involves a lot of efforts) 代替difficult6.贫瘠的 barren、infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it) 代替poor (soil)7.易碎的brittle、vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically) 代替fragile8.展示 demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people. ) 代替show9.公正的 impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something. ) 代替fair10.袭击assault (physically attack someone)、assail (attack violently) 代替attack11.憎恶 abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extremeextent for moral reasons)、loathe(dislike very much) 代替dislike12. 破坏 devastate (it means damage something very badly、or utterly destroy it. ) 代替ruin13.总是invariably(the same as always、but better than always) 代替always14.永久的perpetual(a perpetual state never changes)、immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 代替forever15.吃惊startle(it means surprise you slightly)、astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound) 代替surprise16.热情zeal (a great enthusiasm)、fervency (sincere and enthusiasm) 代替enthusiasm17.平静的,安静的tranquil(calm and peaceful)、serene(calm and quiet) 代替quiet18.错综复杂的 intricate(if something is intricate、it often has many small parts and details) 代替ccomplex19.独自的solitary (if someone is solitary、there is no one near him/her 代替lonely20.非常小的 minuscule(very small)、minute 代替small高级英语作文篇21.occur 替换think ofSuddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2.devote替换spendHe spends all his spare time in reading.He devotes all his spare time to reading.3.seek替换want / look forThey sought (wanted) to hide themselves behind the trees.4.average 替换ordinaryI’m an average (ordinary) student.5.but替换veryThe film we saw last night was very interesting.The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6.seat 替换sitOn his way to school, he found an old lady seated (sitting) by the road, looking worried.7.suppose 替换shouldHe is supposed to (should) have driven more slowly.8.appreciate 替换thankThank you very much for your help.We appreciate your help very much. / Your help is much appreciated.9.the case替换 trueI don’t think it is the case(true).10.on替换as soon asAs soon as he arrived, he began his research.On his arrival, he began his research.11.due to替换because ofHe arrived late due to (because of) the storm.12.cover替换walk/readAfter covering (walking) 10 miles, we all felt tired.13.contribute to替换be helpful/usefulPlenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute toEnglish study.14.round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby① The summer vacation is round the corner ( coming). Do you have any plans?② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner (nearby).e to light替换discoverThe family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16.have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneselfAfter visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball (hada good time).e up with替换think ofJack is very clever. He often comes up with (thinks of) new ideas.18.set aside替换saveSome students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.19.be of + n. 替换adj.The products are of high quality (very good) and are sold everywhere in China.20.refer to 替换talk about/of, mentionThe professor you referred to (talked about) is very famous.21.cannot but / cannot help but替换have to doI could not but (had to) go home.22.more often than not替换usuallyMore often than not (Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.23.lest替换so that /in order thatI wrote down his telephone number so that I would notforget it.I wrote down his telephone number lest I (should) forget it.24.be long for sth. / be long to do sth. 替换want to do sth./wish forI want to see you very much.I am long to see you.25.be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested inHe is caught up in (very interested in) collecting stamps.26.more than替换very① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.27.perfect (ly) 替换good/ very wellHe speaks perfect (good) English./ He speaks English perfectly (very well).28.do sb a/the favor 替换helpWould you please do me the favor (help me ) to turn down the radio?29.the other day替换a few days agoThe other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.30.in the course of替换duringIn the course of (During) the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attentionto your safety.31.the majority of替换mostThe majority of (Most of) the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32.consist of替换be made up ofOur class consists of (is made up of) 50 students.33.be worn out替换 be tired / broken①After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out (tired).②My shoes are worn out (broken). Please buy me a new pair.34.become of替换happenWhat do you think has become of ( happened to ) him ?35.attend to替换look after36.on condition that替换as long as37.nevertheless替换however38.express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with39.spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do40.many a 替换many41.be rushed off one’s feet 替换be busy in doing42.a handful of替换a little / some43.meanwhile替换at the same time44.get to one’s feet替换stand up45.beneath替换under46.occasionally替换sometimes /once in while47.for instance替换for example48.seldom替换not often49.wealthy替换rich50.amazing替换surprising51.as a matter of fact 替换in fact高级英语作文篇3“听不懂啊！”一下课，许多同学一边哀嚎一边从录播室往外走，他们今天的'话题又变成了这节英语课。

英语专业高级英语阅读期末考试答案一、选择题1、A. The author’s attitude towards the issue of mental health is _______.本文A) supportive本文B) ambiguous本文C) critical本文D) objective答案：(A) supportive。

文章中作者多次提到“支持”和“同意”的观点，如“同意多数人的观点”、“支持这一说法”，因此可以判断作者的态度是支持的。

2、B. In the sentence “In my view, this is one of the most important aspects of education.” the author’s purpose in mentioning the importance of mathematics is to _______.本文A) express a personal opinion本文B) persuade readers to agree with him/her本文C) introduce a new idea本文D) support a conclusion with evidence答案：(C) introduce a new idea。

在句子中，作者提到“在我看来，这是教育最重要的方面之一”，这表明作者要引入一个新的想法，即数学的重要性。

因此，选项(C)是正确的。

3、D. The word “incongruity” in the sentence “The incongruity of the situation made me laugh.” is defined as _______.本文A) oddity本文B) mismatch本文C) hilarity本文D) irony。

答案：(A) oddity。

根据上下文，“incongruity”指的是一种不协调的情况，而选项中只有“oddity”符合这个意思，因此答案为(A)。

高级英语写作驳论文高级英语写作——驳论文，它的写法你们知道吗?你们有模板可以参考吗?下面是店铺给大家整理的高级英语写作驳论文，供大家参阅! 高级英语写作驳论文In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire new facts and information.“Personally, I hold that knowledge knows no bounds, therefore, on realizing this awkwardness, the only thing man should do is to absorb as much new knowledge as he can for the sake of not lagging behind the pacing steps of our world.但是作者完全是从另外一个角度去论证,且看下文.Does recognizing the limits of our knowledge and understanding serve us equally well as acquiring new facts and information, as the speaker asserts?注意这一句经典的反问式开头了,这是最引人注目的.While our everyday experience might lend credence to this assertion, further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with our Western view of how we acquire knowledge. Nevertheless,虽然是原则上不尽同意但还是提出妥协的办法,从而显出作者是critical thinking的,这一点很重要,也是拿分的重头戏也.a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.让我们记一记一些好词好句：lend credence to this assertion (有足够的证据)证明这一观点的正确性;further reflection reveals its fundamental inconsistency with…;Nevertheless, a careful and thoughtful definition of knowledge can serve to reconcile the two.On the one hand, the speaker"s assertion accords with the everyday experience of working professionals. For example, thesort of "book”knowledge that medical, law, and business students acquire, no matter how extensive, is of little use unless these students also learn to accept the uncertainties and risks inherent in professional practice and in the business world.Any successful doctor, lawyer, or entrepreneur would undoubtedly agree that new precedents and challenges in their fields compel them to acknowledge the limitations of their knowledge, and that learning to accommodate these limitations is just as important in their professional success as knowledge itself.在驳论的第一段,作者就举例子说明知识的有限性并不一定意味着各行各业的人就必须汲取其他方面的知识,恰恰相反,对于医生、律师或企业家来说意识到了自我知识的有限,并且寻求方法去适应调和这一有限性反而是必要的.Moreover, the additional knowledge we gain by collecting more information often diminishes-sometimes to the point where marginal gains turn to marginal losses. Consider, for instance, the collection of financial- investment information. No amount of knowledge can eliminate the uncertainty and risk inherent in financial investing. Also, information overload can result in confusion, which in turn can diminish one"s ability to assimilate information and apply it usefully. Thus, by recognizing the limits of their knowledge, and by accounting for those limits when making decisions, investment advisors can more effectively serve their clients.作者进一步通过金融投资业信息的赘余的危害性来驳斥原文的观点.On the other hand, the speaker"s assertion seems self-contradictory, for how can we know the limits of our knowledge until we"ve thoroughly tested those limits through exhaustiveempirical observation--that is, by acquiring facts and information. For example, it would be tempting to concede that we can never understand the basic forces that govern all matter in the universe. Yet due to increasingly precise and extensive fact- finding efforts of scientists, we might now be within striking distance of understanding the key laws by which all physical matter behaves. Put another way, the speaker"s assertion flies in the face of悍然不顾,公然违抗the scientific method, whose fundamental tenet is that we humans can truly know only that which we observe. Thus Francis Bacon, who first formulated the method, might assert that the speaker is fundamentally incorrect.说实话,我觉得这一段里,作者玩了一个诡辩的小伎俩：先是指出原文观点的自相矛盾性,然后引出自己的看法——认识论远重要于获取新的事实和信息,也就是要“先认识知识和理解力的局限然后才是摄取新知.”How can we reconcile our experience in everyday endeavors with the basic assumption underlying the scientific method? Perhaps the answer lies in a distinction between two types of knowledge--one which amounts to a mere collection of observations (i.e., facts and information), the other which is deeper and includes a realization of principles and truths underlying those observations. At this deeper level "knowledge" equals "under- standing": how we interpret, make sense of, and find meaning in the information we collect by way of observation.作者就上一段提出的问题推出自己的解决方法,即认识到“知识”分成两种：纯观察行为所得的信息;萃取之后的经过自己消化后的“理解”.但我觉得这里还有待发挥,估计是时间不够了,仓促间收笔吧.没有很好的说明白.In the final analysis, evaluating the speaker"s assertion requires that we define "knowledge,"which in turn requires thatwe address complex epistemological issues best left to philosophers and theologians. Yet perhaps this is the speaker"s point: that we can never truly know either ourselves or the world, and that by recognizing this limitation we set ourselves free to accomplish what no amount of mere information could ever permit.最后一句玩了复杂句的构句技巧,想搏ets一笑.但我觉得还是总结的不够好,没有说到点子上.其实,我们平实的写作大可不必如此玩弄文字,因为如果当别人都不知道你在说什么的话,一味专心于难句,无异于“喧宾夺主”了.个人认为,作者写得有点不知所云了.高级英语写作驳论文写作方法第一步：树起靶子(敌论点)，有的放矢。

Unit 1 Art李仕才选修6Unit 1Art【高考试一试】阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A new study has been published that puts water quality and the skin of babies under the microscope. Dr.Carsten Flohr and his team at King’s College London presented the results of their population-based study in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.Researchers involved about 1,300 three-month-old babies from across the UK in this study. They looked specifically at the level of calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) in the water, which is a measure of water hardness. The level of chlorine(氯) in the family’s water supply was also taken into consideration, as was the use of bathing products, and how regularly the babies were bathed. The babies were then examined for the presence of childhood eczema(湿疹). The natural barrier of their skin was also examined; babies were screened for the FLG gene which is associated with an affected skin barrier.The study found that hard water is linked to an 87 percent increased risk of eczema for babies of three months of age. ＂Our study builds on growing evidence of a link between exposure to hard water and the risk of developing eczema in childhood. It’s not yet clear whether calcium carbonate has a direct bad effect on the skin barrier, or whether other environmental factors directly related to water hardness, such as the water’s pH, may be responsible,＂ Dr. Carsten Flohr said.And the study, thankfully, doesn’t end there. Dr. Flohr will be examining these results further, with a new study in the works. This late study is due to begin later this year and the question they will be seeking to answer is whether a device to lower water hardness in households will have any effect on the skin of babies. If a device is introduced into a household when a baby is born, will the risk of eczema developing be reduced? For those with babies or children suffering, this could be the news you have hoped for._____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________文章大意Paragraph 1：Carsten Flohr博士和他的团队发表了一项关于水质和婴儿皮肤的关系的新研究。

【篇一】2021年6月大学英语六级阅读短文ludwig van beethoven1 was one of the greatest musicians in the 19 th century. john lennon2 was one of the greatest musicians in the 20 th century. although there is a period of about 200 years between them, they are quite similar in certain ways.both men expressed the spirit of their time in their music. beethoven lived in the period of rising capitalism. at that time, people were trying to break the shackles of feudalism3 , and they were pursuing freedom, equality, and universal love. this social trend, especially the french revolution, greatly inspired beethoven. his music was very active, passionate, and vigorous. some of his works praised heroism, some conveyed the love for nature, and some extolled4 harmony among people. similarly, lennon’s music revealed his time. in the 1960s and 1970 s, the youth in america were deeply frustrated by the discrimination and injustice in the society and were longing to build a new one . most of lennon’s songs expressed the ideas of the youth. in one of his songs entitled imagine, he sings,“imagine all the people , living under peace ”, and“the world will be united together as one”. these words show his anti-war attitude and his hope for peace , and reflect the spirit of the 60s and 70 s.both men were social rebels to some extent. they refused to bow to social conventions and power. beethoven was a devoted republican . when napoleon5 was in power, who claimed to be a defender of republicanism, beethoven admired him so much that he dedicated his symphony no. 3, the theme of which is heroism, to him. but then napoleon crowned6 himself and became an emperor. beethoven was so angry that he openly declared he took back what he had said about napoleon, regardless of possible persecution. lennon was also considered a trouble-maker by the authorities because of his support for youth movements. for a time he was not even allowed to give public performances. but he ignored all this and stuck to his belief.【篇二】2021年6月大学英语六级阅读短文one often hears it said that travel broadens the mind: if you stay in your own country the whole time , your ideas remain narrow; whereas if you travel abroad you see new customs, eat new foods, do new things, and come back home with a broader mind.but does this always — or even usually — happen? an acquaintance2 of mine who lives in england and had never been outside it until last summer, decided to go over3 to france for a trip. when he returned, i asked him how he liked it.“terrible, ”was his answer.“ i couldn’t get a nicecup of tea anywhere . 4 thank goodness i’m back. ”i asked him whether he hadn’t had any good food while he was there .“oh, the dinners were all right, ”he said.“i found a little place where they made quite good fish and chips. not as good as ours, mind you5, but they were passable. but the breakfasts were terrible: no bacon or kippers. i had fried eggs and chips, but it was quite a 6 business getting them to make them. they expected me to eat rolls. and when i asked for marmalade , they brought strawberry jam. and do you know, they insisted that it was marmalade? the trouble is they don’t know english. ”i thought it useless to explain that we borrowed theword‘marmalade ’from french, and that it means, i n that language, any kind of jam. so i said,“but didn’t you eat any of the famous french food?”“what? me?”he said.“of course not! give me good old english food every time! none of these fancy bits for me! ”obviously travel had not broadened his mind.this does not, of course, happen only to englishmen in france: all nationalities, in all foreign countries, can be found judging what they see, hear, taste and smell according to their own habits and customs. people who are better educated and who have read a lot about foreign countries tend to be more adaptable7 and tolerant8, but this is because their minds have already been broadened before they start travelling. in fact, it is easier to be broad-minded about foreign habits and customs, if one’s acquaintan ce with these things is limited to books and films. the american smiles tolerantly over the absence of central heating in most english homes when he is himself comfortably seated in his armchair in his centrally heated house in chicago; the english man reads about the sanitary arrangements in a certain tropical country, and the inhabitants of the latter read about london fogs, and each side manages to be detached and broad-minded. 9 but actual physical contact with things one is unaccustomed to is much more difficult to bear philosophically.perhaps the ideal would be if travel could succeed in making people tolerant of the habits and customs of others without abandoning their own. the criterion for judging a foreigner could be: does he try to be polite and considerate to others? instead of: is he like me?【篇三】2021年6月大学英语六级阅读短文dr. heinrich applebaum recently completed a study on the effects of television on children. in his case, though, he wasn’t concerned1 with violence , but how television gives children a false sense of reality.dr. applebaum told me,“the greatest danger of television is that it presents a world to children that doesn’t exist, and raises expectations that can never be fulfilled. ” “ i don’t understand, doctor, ”i said. “well, let me cite one example. have you eve r seen a television show where a person in an automobile doesn’t immediately find a parking2 place on the very first try?” “come to think of it, ”i said,“i haven’t. ”“not only is there always a parking spot available3 but the driver doesn’t even have t o back into it. there are two parking spaces available whenever someone in a tv show needs one . children are being led to believe that when they grow up they will always be able to find a parking place when and where they want it. can you imagine the trauma when they discover that in real life you can drive around a block for three hours and still not find a place to put your car?”“ i never thought of it but it’s true . what else do they show on television which gives a distorted4 picture of the real w orld?” “have you noticed that whenever a character walks out of a restaurant or office building or apartment and says to the doorman,‘get me a taxi, ’the taxi immediately arrives? millions of children are under the impression5 that all a doorman has to do is blow his whistle and a taxi will be there. i have never seen a show where the doorman has said, ‘ i’m sorry. i can’t get you a taxi. you better take the bus. ’” “of course , ”i said.“i never knew before what bothered me about those tv action programs, but now i do. there is always a yellow taxi waiting off screen. ” “now, ”said applebaum,“ have you ever said to a taxi driver,‘ follow that car and don’t lose him’?”“not really. ” “well, if you had, the driver would have told you to blow it out your ear. no taxi driver is in a mood to follow another car because that means he ’s going to get involved.but on tv every cabdriver looks as if he ’d like nothing better to do than to drive 90 miles an hour through a rain-swept street trying to keep up with a carful of hoods. and the worst thing is that the kids believe it. ”。

Writing Paragraphs1. Argumentative EssayDefinition: In this kind of essay, we not only give information but also present an argument with the PROS (supporting ideas) and CONS (opposing ideas) of an argumentative issue. We should clearly take our stand and write as if we are trying to persuade an opposing audience to adopt new beliefs or behavior. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs that many of them do not want to change.Argumentative or persuasive essays?While some teachers consider persuasive and argument papers to be basically the same thing, it’s usually safe to assume that an argument paper presents a stronger claim—possibly to a more resistant audience.For example: while a persuasive paper might claim that cities need to adopt recycling programs, an argument paper on the same topic might be addressed to a particular town. The argument paper would go further, suggesting specific ways that a recycling program should be adopted and utilized in that particular area.议论文是一种议论说理的文章，以抽象的思维形式，通过运用概念、判断、推理等逻辑形式论证和阐述作者的观点，表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。