下载文档原格式
大学英语语法词汇词组集合大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语三级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
B级考试词汇语法要点解析Ⅰ虚拟语气一. 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
二．在非真实条件句中的应用☆非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
☆时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态比真实语气退后。
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。
其形式为：It is/ was +adj. +（should）动词原形…。
常这样用的形容词有：appropriate 适当的advisable 适当的，合理的better 较好的desirable 理想的essential 精华的imperative 迫切的important 重要的insistent 坚持的natural 自然的necessary 必要的preferable 优越的，较好的strange 奇怪的urgent 紧迫的vital 极其重要的常这样用的过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。
例：It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts. 赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。
例：It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。
[真题（2000.06）]：It is advised that we (sign) ________ an agreement right after the discussion.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。
大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
大学英语 B 级统考之语法概要e.g. He always goes to school by bike. 他总是骑车去上学。
2．一般过去时态finish, avoid, enjoy, mind, insist on等：e.g. He has finished doing his work. 他已经干完了他的工作。
not 来组成。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作发在主要谓“（should）+动词原形would （或might ）e.g. Hard as she studied, she failed in thisexamination.⋯(when ⋯), scarcely ⋯(when ⋯), no soonThe fact that Ann was late didn不重要。
（主语从句）it 作形式主语或形式宾语。
who 指人作主语whom作宾语（可省）作主语/宾语（作宾语时可省）作定语①先行词为all, anything, something 等不定代词时,只能用first, last, next, only 等修饰词时,只能用that。
e.g. He was one of the greatest scientists that everlived.（1）When she woke up, she found everybody had gone.她醒来时,她发现大家都走了。
（时间状语从句）（2）Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops.等火车停下来再上车。
（时间状语从句）。
B级语法重点一、虚拟语气1.If：条件成立：主将从现虚拟：现在相反：if+did/were ; 主句：would do过去相反：if+had done；主句：would have done2. as if /as through +句子似乎，好像；wish +句子与现在/将来相反：did/were 与过去相反：had done3. 表示建议、要求、命令的单词+（that）句子: 句子中的动词：(should) doSuggest, suggestion; advise，advice；require, requirement; request; demand; propose; proposal; command; order; recommend; recommendation; insist4. It+be+adj+ (that)句子：句子中的动词：(should) do5. it +be +(about/high) time +(that)句子; 句子中的动词: did二、强调句：It +be+强调部分+that +剩余部分三、形式主语：It + be + adj + ( for sb . ) + to do四、to do和doingTo do：allow; want; pretend; be able to do; enable sb to do; be supposed to do sth; ask; invite sb to do ; intend, plan, ; decide to do；encourage；特殊疑问词+to do ；use to do ；doing ：介词+doing；avoid; finish ；enjoy；look forward to , spend; finish；practice; stop; mind;it’s no use / point doing; can’t help doing ；have difficulty/trouble doing sth . get /be used to五、倒装句句型：否定词句首，主谓倒装（将助动词放在主语前面）Hardly …had done .when+did 一..就…No sooner had done than +did六、定语从句：看横线前面的先行词在后面的定语从句中做主语还是宾语的成分物人主语that/which that/who宾语that/which/- that/whom/-七、连词：although 虽然..但是…；since 自从，由于；as long as：只要as soon as 一..就..So that 因此，以致于；now that 既然unless：除非..否则..八、词性转换1.–ee employ v雇佣n: employee 员工employer 雇主employment 雇佣Interview v 面试n：interviewee 试者interviewer n 面试官2.–ance/encedependent adj dependence n 独立confident adj confidence 自信different adj difference n important adj importance ndistant adj distance n 距离intelligent adj intelligence 智力nappear appearance3.–mentmove movement develop v发展development n arrange v安排arrangement equip v 装备equipment n judge v 判断judgment n improve v 提高improvement manager v 管理management manager n 经理4.–tion/ation/ionpollute v 污染pollution n discuss v讨论discussion n organize v组织organization educate v 教育 education n inform v通知information invent v投资invention invite v邀请invitation n protect v保护protection decide v决定decision5. –nessill adj 生病的illness sick adj sickness n happy adj happiness busy adj business kind adj kindness n weak adj weakness6. –alarrive 到达 v arrival Nation n 国家national adj nature n 自然natural adj addition n additional adj 更多的7..-fuljoy n joyful 快乐的help helpful助人为乐的hope –hopeful 有希望的use useful 有用的care careful 仔细的wonder wonderful 精彩的peace peaceful 和平的skill skillful 有技巧的8. -lyfriend friendly有好的day daily每天的hour hourly每小时的month monthly每月的week weekly 每周的luck lucky 幸运的luckilyfortunate fortunately9. -ydirt dirty脏的ease easy 容易的health healthy健康的wealth –wealthy 有财富的10. -ousdanger dangerous 危险的vary various 变化多端的11. -ablecomfort comfortable 舒服的12 -iveattract v attractive 吸引人的Act active 积极的effect effective 有效的create v creative 创新的九、词组take down 记下take over 接任take in 欺骗，吸收take off 起飞；脱掉take away 带走take advantage of 利用turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn out 结果是，证明是turn up 出现，调高turn down 拒绝，调低turn to 转向…. Turn to…for helpput out 熄灭put up 举起，张贴put on 穿上，带上put off 推迟make up化妆，组编make use of 利用make sense 讲得通，有意义break out 爆发break in 闯进，插话break down 出故障；奔溃break up 破裂，分手break off 中断get on 上车get off 下车get up 起床get into trouble 陷入pick up 载人，习得，拾起pick out 挑选set up 建立set off 出发，动身give out 分发give in 屈服give off 散发give up 放弃lead to 导致，通向look after 照顾look into 调查look forward to 期待look out 小心come across / run into 偶遇run out of 耗尽常用词：service; secretary; comfortable, available, manager, salesman日期，月份: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, SundayJan. Feb. March. April May Jane July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.十、写作：注意写信的格式1. 求职信；简历2. 邀请信3. 感谢信4. 请假条5. 通知1.求职信段首：I am wtiring to apply for the position of +职位.I am…, coming from…. I graduated from …college, majoring in …专业.In the past four years, I have passed every subject with a flying color.I did a part-time job in the summer holiday. I am good at getting along with pepople.段末：I’d be thankful if you can give me an interview and I look forward to hearting from you.简历: Resume Marrage status: Single；sex: male/female chinese; 地址：从小到大；日期写法2.邀请信段首：I am writing to invie you to attend …..at ..地点+on+日期.段末：please give me a reply and I look forward to seeing you soon.3.感谢信段首: Thank you for inviting me to attend ….and your hospitality.段末：Again, I’d like to express my warm thanks to you and look forward to seeing you soon.4.请假条段首：I am writing to ask for a leave of ….days from ….to… because I was ill.段末: I’m very sorry for the inconvenience I caused and I’d be thankful if you can grant my application.5.通知: NoticeAttention, please. There will be ….at +地点on +时间….will be held at +地点on +时间Everyone is required to attend on time.常用词：conference, lecture, attend听力第一部分（2013.06-2008.12）2013.61.May I use the telephone? --yes , of course.2. Thank you very much for seeing me off at the airport. ---- my pleasre.3. Mike, can you help me? ---- Sure, no problem.4. Haven’t seen you for ages. How are you doing? --- Not bad.5. Heloo, may I come in to see the manager? ---- yes, please.2012. 121. Can I have a look at your price list? --- here it is.2. Shall we meet sometime next week? --- That’s fine.3. David, have you finished the work report? --- Not yet.4. May I have your business card, Mr. Jackson? --- Yes, here you are.5. Did you enjoy your trip to Beijing? --- yes, very much.2012.61. I’m going to make coffee, would you like some? --- No, thanks.2. May I speak to Mr. Johnson? --- Sorry, he isn't in.3. Will you please write your name here? --- Yes, I will.4. Can you help me to start the machine? --- No problem.5. Shall we discuss the new plan now? --- Good idea.2011. 12.1. Can I have your phone number, please --- it’s 54576862.2. Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? --- Tea, please.3. Would you like to come for dinner tonight? --- I’d love to.4. How do you like the work here? --- It’s interesting.5. Exercise me, do I have to pay in cash? --- Yes, of course.2011. 061. Mr. Smith, what do you think of the product? --- very nice.2. Miss Green, would you please write your name here? ---All right.3. Hello, may I speak to Helen? --- Yes, speaking.4. How do you like your new job? --- Not bad.5. What’s wrong with Mike? -- Nothing sercious.2010.121. May I have your ticket, please? --- Here you are.2. Excuse me, are you Mr. Brwon from london? --- Yes, I am.3. How does the new machine work? --- Quite well.4. Shall I meet you at your office Friday morning? --- No problem.5. Could you ask him to call me when he is back? --- Sure, I will.2010.061. Excuse me, May I see your boss now? --- Just a moment, please.2. When is the manager leaving? --- In twenty minutes.3. Can I help you with your luggage,sir? --- Yes, please.4. Have you ever been to the United States? --- Many times.5. What do you think or our sales’s plan? --- it’s perfect.2009.121. Are you Mr. Backer from America? --- Yes, I am.2. How do you like your work? --- I like it very much.3. Would you please give me the report, Tom? --- Here you are.4. What’s your father’s job? --- He’s a doctor.5. Would you like a cup of coffee? -- yes, please.2009.061. Can I see him in his office? --- yes, of course.2. Hollo, may I speak to Mr. Thomas? --- Hold on, please.3. How long may I keep the book? --- Two weeks.4. Exercuse me, is this train for London? --- Yes, it is .5. what do you think of the film we saw yesterday? --- it was excellent.2008.121. Exercuse me, are you Mr. Smith from America? --- oh, yes.2. Mr. Johnson, when is the library open? -- From 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.3. It’s rather hot today. Would you please open the window? --- Yes, of course.4. What do you think of your new boss? -- He is a nice person.5. What’s the weather like in your city? --- it’s rather warm.。
大学英语语法词汇词组集合大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语三级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
B级英语语法总结一、简单句结构1. 主语+谓语：例如，I read.2. 主语+系动词+表语：例如，She is beautiful.3. 主语+谓语+宾语：例如，He eats an apple.4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语：例如，She gave me a book.5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补：例如，The teacher made us happy.6. 主语+谓语+多个宾语：例如，He bought a book, a pen, and a notebook.二、时态1.一般现在时：用于表示经常性的动作或事实。
2.一般过去时：用于表示过去的事情或状态。
3.一般将来时：用于表示将来的动作或计划。
4.现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作。
5.过去进行时：用于表示过去一些时间段内正在进行的动作。
6.现在完成时：用于表示过去一些时间点开始并持续到现在的动作。
7.过去完成时：用于表示过去一些时间点之前已经发生的动作。
8.将来完成时：用于表示将来一些时间点之前已经完成的动作。
9.将来进行时：用于表示将来一些时间段内正在进行的动作。
三、语态1.主动语态：表示主语主动进行的动作或状态。
2.被动语态：表示主语被动地接受动作或处于其中一种状态。
四、名词1.可数名词：表示可以计数的名词，有单数和复数形式。
2.不可数名词：表示不能计数的名词，只有单数形式。
3.特殊名词：表示一种事物的名称，如国家、地区、语言、民族、学科、职业等。
五、冠词1.定冠词：用于特指一个已知的名词。
2.不定冠词：用于泛指或表示一个未知的名词。
3.零冠词：用于表示一般概念或抽象名词。
六、代词1.人称代词：用于代替人或事物。
2.物主代词：表示所有关系或归属关系的代词。
3.反身代词：表示动作的主体和宾语是同一人或同一物。
4.指示代词：用于指示一些人或事物。
5.不定代词：用于指代泛指的人或事物。
6.疑问代词：用于提问人或事物的身份、性质等。
常考语法点:一.虚拟语气1.条件状语从句中:If+主语+had done,主句+would /should/ could/ might+have done(过去)If+主语+did,主句+would /should/ could might +do(现在)If+主语+did/were to do /should do,主句+would /should/ could might +do(将来)如果省略if 句子倒装.(Were it not for/Had it not been for 已经成为常用句型)Were it not for your help, we would be in serious difficulty.Had the weather been good, the children could have gone out for a walk.含蓄条件句:With /without /but forEg: With your assistance, I would succeed.Without music, the world would be a dull place.But for the storm , we should have arrived earlier.2.用于表示"建议","要求","命令","请求","忠告"等动词后宾语从句中,用should +do"要求":ask, desire, request, demand, require"建议,劝告,提议":suggest ,advise, recommend, propose,"决定命令"decide, order,"坚持":insist相应名词引导的表语或同位语从句中,虚拟语气用should +do例; suggestion, proposal,advice, decision, desire, demand, order, recommendation, idea, motion, plan.Eg:I make a proposal that we should hold the meeting next week.The suggestion that Mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.My idea is that we challenge the other groups to a friendly competition.3.It is +adj/v-ed +that从句＋(should )+doadj:important /necessary /strange /essential/vital/impossible/advisable/natural/v-ed:suggested/requested/ordered/proposed/4.lest/for tear that / in case引导的目的状语从句中＋(should) doEg:He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that he should catch the cold.I'll keep a seat for you in case you change your mind.5.1).wish 宾语从句中＋did(如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式）／had done(对过去的愿望）Eg;I wish I knew her address.I wish I hadn't made such a mistake.2.)as if /though+did/had done(表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时)Eg:She talks as if she were an expert.Y ou looked as if you had seen a ghost.3.)would rather 后的从句中＋did(常用过去式虚拟）4.)If only+did /had done(要是．．．．就好了）only if (只有，仅仅，常用倒装) Eg:If only I were you .Only if the students get the permission can they enter the classroom.6.It is high time+that +didEg:It is time we went to bed.It is time we took measures to protect environment.二．非谓语动词：顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。
大学英语B级统考之语法概要动词的基本时态A. 知识要点1．一般现在时态动词形式为do 或does （第三人称单数）。
通常表示客观事实或真理；或表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. He always goes to school by bike.他总是骑车去上学。
2．一般过去时态动词形式为did. 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去特定的时间状语连用；或表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作，可与表示频度的时间副词连用。
e.g. I bought this computer five years ago.我在五年前买了这台电脑。
3．一般将来时态动词形式为will do/ shall do /be going to do. 表达在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.电话在响，我去接。
4．现在进行时态动词形式为is/am/are+ doing，表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. The police are looking for the two missing children.警察们正在寻找两个丢失的孩子。
5．过去进行时态动词形式为was/were + doing，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
（主语是I，she，he 时用was）e.g. Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner.当简在煮晚饭时她的手被烧伤了。
6．现在完成时态动词形式为have / has done，常与already，recently，never，ever, yet，since连用。
用来表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作。
e.g. The milk has already become undrinkable 牛奶已经不能喝了。
或者表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。
e.g. He has lived here since 1949.自从1949年以来，他一直住在这儿。
7．过去完成时态动词形式为had done. 表示在过去某一时刻以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。
e.g. By the end of last term we had learned 1000 English words.到上学期末，我们已经学了1000个英语单词。
非谓语动词A．知识要点1．动词不定式和动名词都可作主语。
e.g. Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
注意：常用it作形式主语，而将动词不定式放在谓语后面。
e.g. It is impossible for us to measure it in miles. 让我们用英里来计算不太可能。
（不定式前加一个for us表示不定式的动作是谁做的）2．动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语。
（1）有些及物动词只能用不定式作宾语，如：hope，want，wish，decide，manage等：e.g. We all hope to see you. 我们都希望见到你。
（2）有些及物动词只能用动名词作宾语，如：finish, avoid, enjoy, mind, insist on 等：e.g. He has finished doing his work.他已经干完了他的工作。
（3）有的及物动词既可用不定式，也可用动名词，但其意义有所不同。
如：remember, forget, regret, stop … ，前者表示动作还没有做，后者表示动作已经做了。
e.g. I forgot taking aspirin and took it again a few minutes ago. 我忘了吃过阿司匹林，几分钟以前又吃了一次。
3．动词不定式和分词作补足语。
（1）一些表示感官词或使役动词，如see, hear, have, make, let等后面用不带to的不定式作宾补。
（2）不定式做宾语补足语，表示动作发生了（即动作的全部过程结束了）；现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中），如：e.g. I saw the boy climb the wall. 我看见小孩爬墙了。
（强调爬墙这件事）e.g. I saw the boy climbing the wall.我看见小孩在爬墙。
（强调爬墙的情景）（3）现在分词作补足语，它与被补足的词之间是主动关系；过去分词作补足语，它与被补足的词之间是被动关系。
如：e.g. I had my house painted. 我让人给房子刷了油漆。
（直译：我让房子被刷了油漆）4．非谓语动词也有否定结构、时态、语态。
非谓语动词的否定结构是在它们前面加not来构成。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作发在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。
e.g. They decide not to go.他们决定不去。
汤姆考试没有及格，这令他父亲非常e.g. Tom’s not passing the exam made his father very angry.生气。
e.g. Having finished the work, he went home.干完活后他回家了。
（分词having finished发生在went前）主要情态动词A. 情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。
情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。
常用的情态动词有must，can，be able to，need，shall, should（ought to）, could，would。
注意：mustn’ｔ的意思是“禁止”，needn’ｔ的意思是“无须，不必”。
动词的语态A. 知识要点1．动词的语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态：主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
被动语态的形式：be+过去分词。
e.g. Such stories are published for children.2．英语中的一些感官动词如see, watch, notice, hear和使役动词make, have, let +不带to的不定式(do sth.), 但在被动语态中to则不能少。
e.g. I saw him enter the classroom. / He was seen to enter the classroom..3．在need, want, require等及物动词后面接动名词的主动形式可以表示被动含义。
e.g. My hair needs cutting.我该理发了。
虚拟语气B．知识要点1．虚拟语气用于if引导的条件状语从句表示对不可能发生的事实的一种假设；或对已经发生过的事实进行一种相反情况的假设；时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式虚拟现在时（与现在事实相反）动词的过去式（be一般用were)should (would, could,might )+动词原形虚拟过去时（与过去事实相反）had done should (would, could,might )+have done虚拟将来时（与将来事实可能相反）动词过去式should+动词原形were to+动词原形should (would, could,might )+动词原形2．虚拟语气用在表示要求、命令、建议语气的词引导的从句中：（1）用在动词suggest（建议）, order（命令）, insist（坚持）, require（需要）, demand（要求），propose（提议）等引导的宾语从句中，以及它们相应的名词suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表语和同位语从句中，这个从句的谓语要用“（should）+动词原形” e.g. We suggested that he（should）start now.我们建议他现在就开始。
（2）用在“It +be+ natural（necessary，strange，important，essential以及insisted，suggested，ordered）+that…”结构中的that引导的主语从句以及它们相应的名词（引导的表语和同位语从句中；从句的谓语用“（should）+动词原形”你有必要参加会议。
e.g. It’s necessary that you should be present at the meeting.3．虚拟语气运用其他从句中：（1）运用在wish后面的从句中表示“愿望”，运用在as if从句中表示“好像”，谓语形式：用动词的过去式虚拟现在的情况；用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况；用would（或might）+动词原形虚拟将来的情况。
I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。
It is wished that he had not made the mistake.他要没犯此错误该多好。
The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were mad.那位年老的女士正在和其他人争吵，就好像她疯了一样。
（3）运用在would rather后面的从句中表示“希望”，用动词的过去式虚拟现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。
r I had seen the film. 我真希望我看过这部电影。
e.g. I’d rathe（4）运用在It is (high) time后边的从句中表示“该干……的时间到了”，用动词的过去式或should+动词原形。
e.g. It is time that we had/should have a rest.该是我们休息的时间了。
倒装句A. 知识要点倒装是指将句子的谓语动词或其助动词放在主语之前。
e.g. Then began a war between the two countries. 于是两国之间开始了战争。
（全部倒装）Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们很少感觉像在这里这么舒服。
（部分倒装）常用倒装的两种情况1．出于句子结构的需要（1）在as, though引导的让步状语从句中，从句往往放在主句的前面，而且从句须以形容词、副词、名词或动词（原形）等开头。
e.g. Hard as she studied, she failed in this examination.（2）代词so, neither, nor等副词置于句首时, 表示“……也(不/没有)……”全句要倒装e.g. Tom can speak English. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲英语，杰克也会。
