高中英语01.知识讲解(6)
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第6章动词的-ing形式动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。
动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。
一、动词-ing形式的特征和种类与动词不定式一样,动词的-ing形式也具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。
A.动词-ing形式的一般式1. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作,没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。
Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。
2. 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出教室。
She listened carefully to her neighbours speaking. 她倾听她邻居的讲话。
3. 动词-ing形式的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。
B. 动词-ing形式的完成式动词的-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作,这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 在这个城市生活了3年,她对这里已很熟悉。
高中英语知识点归纳主语从句与宾语从句主语从句是指在复合句中作主语的从句,而宾语从句则是在复合句中充当宾语的从句。
它们是高中英语中比较重要的知识点,下面将对主语从句与宾语从句进行归纳。
1.主语从句(Subject Clauses)主语从句在句子中充当主语,常用连词有:that, whether, who, whom, whose, which等。
例子:- That he is a good student is known to all.(大家都知道他是一个好学生)- Whether he will come is uncertain.(他是否会来是不确定的)- Who will win the game remains unknown.(谁将会赢得比赛仍是未知的)在主语从句中,应注意以下几点:- 当主语从句要表达的是一种客观事实时,常用that作为引导词。
如:That he is a good student is known to all.- 当主语从句表达的是一种疑问或选择时,常用whether作为引导词。
如:Whether he will come is uncertain.用which做引导词。
如:Who will win the game remains unknown.- 在口语中,常常省略引导词that,直接使用主语从句作为主语。
如:It is important to learn English well.2.宾语从句(Object Clauses)宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语的角色,常用连词有:that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which等。
例子:- She asked me where I was going.(她问我去哪儿)- He doesn't know if/whether he can pass the exam.(他不知道自己是否能通过考试)- Can you tell me what time it is now?(你能告诉我现在几点了吗)在宾语从句中,应注意以下几点:- 宾语从句通常放在及物动词和介词后面。
Unit 1 A land of diversity语言点编稿:牛新阁审稿:王春霞学习目标重点词汇distinction, majority, elect,percentage, boom, occur, indicate, apparently, slip, hire重点短语by means of make a life, team up with, mark out, apply fortake in,live on, a great many, keep up重点句型There be + sb. + doing ...with复合结构知识讲解重点词汇distinction【原句回放】It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA... 加州与众不同之处在于他也是美国最具多元化文化特征的一个州......【点拨】distinction n.区别, 差别;卓越常用搭配:make a distinction between 把......与......区分开make no distinction 没有区别have a distinction of 有......与众不同之处with distinction 优异地,显著地Mr. Green has the distinction of having been the first president of the famous school.格林先生不同凡响,他是这所著名学校的首任校长。
The law makes no distinction between men and women.这条法律没有男性和女性的区别。
【拓展1】distinct adj. 清晰的,明显的,明确的distinguish v.区分,辨别;把......区别分类,使杰出There was a distinct smell of gas when I opened the door.我打开门时有一种明显的煤气味。
高一重点词汇三Units 1-3知识讲解重点单词:remain【点拨】remain vi. 保持;依然;留下;剩余;逗留;残存; n. 遗迹;剩余物,残骸In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest,there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.(2016 四川高考)在法属圭亚那地区的雨林中,仍然保留着罕见的土著部落。
After the fire nothing remained of the house. 大火之后房子就没有剩下什么了。
remaining adj.剩余的,剩下的You can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. (2015 全国II卷高考)你可以为比赛前余下的几周做一个安排表。
link.v 继续保持、仍处于某状态:跟形容词:Bowls of rice do not float in mid-air,but require support to remain stable.(2016 浙江高考)数碗米饭没有飘在空中,但是需要支撑来保持稳定。
It remains peaceful and quiet. (2016 上海高考)它仍然保持平和而宁静。
Three out of four of them remained single. 他们有四分之三的人仍是单身。
跟分词:The door remained closed. 门仍然关闭。
They remained listening. 他们仍然听着。
跟名词:We can remain friends. 我们仍然是朋友。
跟介词短语:Students will remain on the roll at their day school. (2016 江苏高考)学生们仍然保留在他们的他们日校的花名册上。
高考总复习:高二重点词汇四::知识讲解重点单词:adapt【点拨】adapt vt. 使适应;改编adapt oneself to... 使自己适应于…… (to为介词)She adapted herself quickly to the new climate. 她很快适应了这种新的气候。
adapt to... 适应于……Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark. 我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗(的环境)。
adapt sth. for... 把某物改编为……adapt sth. from... 根据……改编某物This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.这部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
【拓展】adaptable adj.适应性强的;可改编的adaptation n.适应;改编annoy【点拨】annoy vt.使……不悦;惹恼annoy sb. with sth. /by doing sth. 因(做)某事使某人烦恼I hope you won’t be annoyed by all my questions.我希望我所有的这些问题不会使你烦恼。
be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气She is never annoyed with me. 她从不跟我生气。
be annoyed for/at/about sth. /sb. 因某事/某人而生气She was annoyed at your saying that. 你说了那些话,使她很生气。
be annoyed that/to do sth. 做某事而生气The mosquitoes annoyed me so much that I couldn’t sleep. 蚊子搅得我难以入睡。
【拓展】annoyance n. 烦恼,烦恼的事物annoyed adj. 颇为生气的,烦恼的annoying adj.使人颇为生气或烦恼的access【点拨】access n. (接近的)方法,通道;可接近性be easy/hard of access 容易/难接近have/gain/get/obtain access to 得以接近,得以会见,得以进入,得以使用give access to 接见,准许出入Only a few people have access to the full facts of the case.只有少数几个人能看到有关该案的全部事实的材料。
Units4-5编稿:李万杰审稿:王春霞知识讲解重点单词:respond【点拨】r espond vi.回答,答复;响应,做出反应r espond to sb./sth.回答(比answer,reply to正式)r espond to sb./sth.(with/by sth.)用……回应某人(事)r espond to(疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应response to sb./sth.(对人/物)的回答/回复/反应in response to作为对……的反应They still haven’t responded to my letter.他们至今仍没有回我的信。
He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我的建议报以一笑。
His illness didn't r esp ond to tr eatment by drugs.他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。
My mothe r opened the door in response to the knock,but there was no one outside.听到敲门声后,我妈妈打开了门,但外面一个人都没有。
【拓展】response n.回答,回复;反应2.certain【点拨】certain adj.确定的;无疑的;某(种)作“某(种)”讲时,和some同义,但some前不加冠词。
for a certain reason=for some reason由于某种原因certain professors=some professors某些教授a certain amount of time相当一段时间作“确信的,有把握的”讲时,和sure同义,但是certain的主语既可以是人,也可用于“It is certain that...”句型,而sure主语只能是人。
“be certain/sure+从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure o f/ab ou t sth.(人)确信(表示主语的信念)be certain/sure to do sth.必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称,表示说话人的信念) mak e certain/sure+从句弄清楚/确保……mak e certain/sure o f/ab ou t sth.把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure确定地,确切地(做状语)It is certain that...一定会……(不能用sure)There was a certain coldness in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。
2021届高中英语新高考语法核心考点专项复习(01)名词知识点整理总结【高考必考点:名词的单复数(100%)和所有格(20%)。
】概述:名词(noun)是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。
1.名词的分类名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是个人、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称。
如:John(约翰), Mr Smith(史密斯先生), France(法国), London (伦敦), the United Nations(联合国), the Communist Party of China(中国共产党)。
普通名词是一类人或物或是一个抽象概念的名称。
如:worker(工人), family(家庭), cotton(棉花), information (信息)。
普通名词可分为以下四类:个体名词表示某一类人或物的个体。
如:man(男人), lawyer(律师), window(窗子), dog(狗)。
集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。
如:police(警察), group(组), cattle(牛), committee(委员会)。
物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。
如:air(空气), water (水), grain(粮食), iron(铁)。
抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念。
如:strength(力气,力量), love(爱), happiness(高兴,幸福), revolution(革命)。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词。
物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,称为不可数名词。
注:a. 不可数名词要表示数量时,不能直接在其前面加不定冠词或数词,需加量词(有一些词在汉语中是可数的,在英语中却是不可数的)。
如: a piece of news/advice/information/bread/furniture(一则消息……) a cake of soap(一块肥皂) a bar of chocolate (一块巧克力)b. 可数名词与不可数名词的相互转化:I. 不可数名词向可数名词转化(或称为物质名词和抽象名词的具体化)。
专题01 Art英国画家劳里的工业英国画作British artist LS Lowry’s paintings of industrial, working-class Britain brought him popular fame in the UK. LS Lowry, with his depictions of everyday northern life, is one of Britain’s best loved painters.英国画家LS 劳里的画作描述了工业时期下的、工人阶级的英国,因此在英国名声大噪。
他的画作描述了北方民众的日常生活,劳里因此也成了英国最受追捧的画家之一。
But remarkably, for such an icon of modern British art, no soloexhibition of his work has ever been held outside the UK. Until now, a collection of Lowry paintings is being shown at an exhibition in Nanjing in eastern China.但值得注意的是,即便对于这样一个现代英国艺术的标志性人物,他的个人展出也仅限于英国国内。
但此刻不是了。
在中国东部的城市南京,劳里的画展正在进行。
Lowry’s canvases depict a side of British life that’s now gone. The one above, Mill Scene, from 1965, is reminiscent of many of his paintings, with its smoke stacks and hurrying crowds of workers.劳里的画作里所描述的那些英国人的生活景象已经远去。
高考总复习:高二重点词汇二知识讲解重点单词:assist【点拨】assist vi. & vt. & n.帮助;援助;协助assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事assist at/in sth. 参加某事物The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall2016,Winter2016-17and Spring2017semesters.(2016 高考四川卷)运动部门正在寻找一些学生在2016秋季赛季、2016-17冬季赛季和2017年春季赛季帮忙。
We all assisted in mending the roof. 我们都帮助修理屋顶。
assist sb. in doing sth. /to do sth. 帮助某人做某事We asked him to assist us in designing a new bridge. 我们请他帮助我们设计一座新桥。
The students assisted the professor in doing the experiment. 学生们协助教授做实验。
with the assistance of 在……的帮助下He can walk only with the assistance of crutches. 他只能靠一副拐杖走路。
e to sb.’s assistance 帮助某人Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance. 尽管他喊叫,却没有人来帮助他。
【拓展】assistance n.援助;帮助;补助assistant n.助手;助理adj.辅助的;助理的assistance to solve timetable conflicts (2016 高考江苏卷)帮助解决时间安排的冲突问题I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (2016 高考新课标乙卷)我确信他最不愿意接受我的援助。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do. (2016 高考天津卷)经理提出我们需要一个助理,有太多活要干了。
concentrate【点拨】concentrate vt.集中;全神贯注concentrate (sth.) on (doing) sth. 集中于;专心于……be concentrated in/on/upon sth. 集中于,专心于The author intends to tell us that great athletes need to concentrate on patience. (2016 高考江苏卷)作者意图在于告诉我们伟大的运动员需要专注于耐心。
Our population is concentrated in the big cities. 我国人口集中在大城市里。
concentrate one’s attention/efforts/thoughts on... 把注意力/努力/思想集中到……We should concentrate all our effort on improving education. 我们应该致力于改进教育工作。
concentration n.专心;专注【拓展】下列短语和concentrate近义,短语中in, to 都是介词,后接名词或动名词。
focus/fix one’s attention on... 集中注意力于……put one’s mind/heart in (into)专心于……be absorbed in... 一心一意于……apply oneself/one’s mind to... 专心于……pay attention to 专心,注意……inform【点拨】inform vt. 告知;通知inform sb. of/about sth. 告知某人某事Please inform us of any change of address as soon as possible. 地址如有变更请尽快通知我们。
inform sb. (that)... 通知某人We regret to inform you that your application has been rejected.我们很遗憾地通知你,你的申请未被接受。
keep sb. informed 使某人随时了解最新情况Please keep me fully informed of any developments. 事态如有发展,请向我提供详情。
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help,inform and share are not taught.(2016 高考江苏卷)有很多理由相信,帮助、告知和分享的迫切要求还没有被告知。
inform students of their full flight details (2016 高考天津卷)把详细的航班信息告知学生【拓展】informed adj.了解情况的;见识广的case【点拨】case n.情况;病例;案例in case of... 假使……,万一……in case 以防,万一in any case 无论如何,总之in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话,在这种/那种情况下in no case 决不in the case of 就……来说as is often the case 这是常有的事as the case may/might be 看情况,视情况而定It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016 高考江苏卷) 通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。
In the former case,we keep putting off a task because it has either too boring or too difficult.(2016 高考天津卷)在前一个案例中,我们总是拖延一个任务,因为要么太没意思了,要么太难了。
But in that case, we will learn little about world. (2016 高考新课标甲卷)但如果那样的话,我们将对这个世界了解甚少。
The case will be heard next week. 此案下周审理。
In case of fire, call 119. 万一发生火灾,就打119。
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.你最好带上钥匙,以防我不在家。
accuse【点拨】accuse【点拨】accuse vt. 谴责;控告;告发常用搭配:accuse (sb.) of sth. /doing sth. 指控某人犯……错/罪Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.她的助手因为偷盗和欺骗受到了警察的指控。
He accused me of having neglected my duty.他指责我玩忽职守。
【拓展1】accused adj. 被指责的,被控告的;accusing adj. 责难的,谴责的;accusation n.控告,告发,指责【拓展2】常跟of搭配的动词有:admit of 容许有,有……的余地,有……的可能approve of 赞成,支持allow of 容许,许可die of 死于,因……而死dream of 梦见,梦想hear of 听说,得知;允许,考虑know of 听说过,知道有smell of 有……的气味tire of 对……厌倦cheat …of 骗取……(的某东西)inform … of 告诉……某消息,通知……某情况remind … of 使……想起(不要忘记)rob … of 抢走……的某东西warn …of 警告(……)有某情况,告诫(……)有某情况demand【高清课堂:词汇第二讲(unit4-5)】■【点拨】If you demand something such as information or action, you ask for it in a very forceful way. 如果“demand”信息或行动之类的事情,那就是用一种强有力的方式要求得到它。
Mr. Boom last night demanded an immediate explanation from the government.昨晚Boom先生要求来自政府的迅速的解释。
Korea demanded that UN send a delegation to the peace talks.朝鲜要求联合国派一个代表团进行和平谈判。
The hijackers are demanding to speak to representatives of both governments.劫机者强烈要求跟两边的政府代表谈话。
A demand is a firm request for something.“demand”做名词意为对某事的强烈需求。
They consistently rejected the demand to remove US troops.他们强硬地拒绝了撤走美国军队的要求。
If someone or something is in demand or in great demand, they are very popular and a lot of people want them.如果某人或某物“in (great) demand”,说明他们非常受欢迎,很多人需要他们。
He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US, as well as at universities all over Europe.作为一个演讲者他非常受欢迎,无论是在美国还是在欧洲的大学里。