2002年复旦大学博士英语试题

复旦大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅰ（略）Part ⅡDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the21. SheA. missedB. budgetedC. loathed22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about theA. intangibleB. sedateC. impudent23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect theA. rigorousB. equivocalC. stringent24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative andA. lucrativeB. introvertedC. vivacious25. This is but a of the total amountA. frictionB. fractionC. faction26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiasticA. onB. byC. for27. I think it is high time we the fact that environmental pollution in this area isA. woke up toB. must wake up toC. wake up to28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was sA. resentfulB. amiableC. suffocating29. Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete andA. scrapsB. leftoversC. debris30. When sheA. came toB. came offC. came through31. The shortage of water became more this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 yeaA. needyB. latentC. uneasy32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply couldA. budgeB. surgeC. trudge33. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the diseases that men andA. beseechB. besetC. bewitch34. The boy's talent might have lain had it not been for his uncle'sA. extinguishedB. dormantC. malignantD.35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notablyA. discontinuousB. discreetC. discordant36. Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry,A. oughtn't heB. wasn't heC. didn't he37. An old woman was badly hurt in the police describe as an apparently motivelessA. thatB. whichC. what38. As the city has become increasingly and polluted, there has been a growingA. flourishedB. boostedC. congested39. The taxi in front of a girl, just in time to avoidA. turned inB. pulled upC. cleared up40. The doctor told him to be careful when taking sleeping pills because too manyA. lethalB. vitalC. wholesomeD. sanitaryPart ⅢDirections: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single lineFor my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormouI enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur:“Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!” (No Mr. Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name wasFor a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels,wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people”, for instance, might be nais,Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling toB. He was vol42. It is known from the passage that the writerB. couldn't mak43. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed wasC. a44. The word “modicum” in the last paragraph can be replaced by45. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to theC. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewD. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-It is one of the world's most recognized phrases, one you might even heat in places where little English is spoken:‘The name's Bond, James Bond.’ I've heard it from a taxi driver in Ghana and a street sweeper in Paris, and I remember the thrill of hearing Sean Connery say it in the first Bond film I saw, Goldfinger. I was a Chicago schoolgirl when it was released in 1904. The image of a candy-colored London filled with witty people, stately old buildings and a gorgeous, ice-coolWhen Ian Fleming created the man with the license to kill, based on his own experiences while working for the British secret service in World War Ⅱ, he couldn't have imagined that his fictional Englishman would not only shake, but stir the entire world. Even world-weary actors are thrilled at being in a Bond movie. Christopher Walken, everyone's favorite screen psycho, who p layed mad genius Max Zorin in 1985's A View to a Kill, gushed:‘I remember first seeing DJ' No when I was 15. I remember Robert Shaw trying to strangle James Bond in From Russia with Love.Bond is the complete entertainment package: he has hot——and cold——running women on tap, dastardly villains bent on complete world domination, and America always plays second string to cool, sophisticated Britain. Bond's England only really existed in the adventures of Bulldog Drummond, the wartime speeches of Winston Churchill and the songs of Dame VelaWhen Fleming started to write his spy stories, the world knew that, while Britain was victorious in the war against Hitler, it was depleted as a result. London was bombed out, a darkIt was America that was producing such universal icons as Gary Cooper's cowboy in High Noon (‘A man's got to do what a man's got to do’); the one-man revolution that was Elvis Presley; Marilyn Monroe, the walking, male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more iAnd those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humor and doing a job well. All qualitiesOf course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish with all the optional extras you've come to expect, a personal jet glider... the list isThere are those who are disgusted by the Bond films' unbridled glorification of the evils of46. According to the passage each production of a Bond film isD. difficult to fin48. It is known from the passage that post-war Britain as49. Judging by the context, the word “stately” in the first paragraph means50.A. When Ian Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would shake the entire world.C. Ian Fleming began to write his spy stories before world war ⅡThe current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen selfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that “winners” in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lore——a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these “family values,” arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing theThe myth of family self-reliance is so compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. “We always stood on our own two feet,” my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 million acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major weatem logging companies' land, and when some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled downLike my grandparents, few families in American history——whatever their “values”——have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social-support structures set up by governing authorities, whether thosewere the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonialAt America's inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitable work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ludicrous to colonial and revolutionar51. Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role inB. reducing individual or family dependence on government52. It can be concluded that the writer's grandfather's family purchased their landA53. It can be inferred from the passage that in early AmericaB54. The word “parochial” in the last paragraph meansC. i55. The writer's attitude toward the idea of American family values isOne of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consistsAdvertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer——appeal to all his other problems of man——hours and machine tolerances and stress factors, So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness, if the advertising agency can to thisOther manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for onereason or another, some alteration seems called for——how much better to change the image, the packet or tile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing theThe advertising man has to comibine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the kill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does——“Run down? You need...”. “No one will dance with you? A dab of * * * * will mAdvertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post-for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, “As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television.” Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses56. It can be concluded from the passage that modern advertising is authoritative because of the way it57. According to the passage, the advertising man must have the ability to58. The word “unimpeachable” in the last paragraph can be replaced by59. The following statements are TRUE exceptA. Advertising men dress people up in white coats because it makes their advertisement more convincing.B. Some manufacturers would rather change their product's appeal than change the productD. If advertising agency does advertising authoritatively enough, the manufacturer will surely60. It can be inferred from the passage that the advertisers' attitude is usually based on the hope that customersC. are inPart ⅣDirection: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet ⅡA child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It isalways much better to tell a story than read it __61__ of a book, and, if a parent can produce __62__ in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on theA charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistie impulses. To prove the __63__, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read rairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, __64__ the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be Father a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children __65__ dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with theThere are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds __67__ they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies __68__ fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case __69__ sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick __70__ covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has everPart ⅤDirections: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ根据“十五”期间的形势和任务，“十五”计划《纲要》提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是：国民经济保持较快发展速度，经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效，经济增长质量和效益显著提高，为到2010年国内生产总值比2000年翻一番奠定坚实基础：国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大进展，社会保障制度比较健全，社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善，对外开放和国际合作进一步开展；就业渠道拓宽，城乡居民收入持续增加，物质文化生活有较大改善，生态建设和环境保护得到加强，科技、教育加快发展，国民素质进一步提高，法制建设取得明显进展。

2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解[听力音频]Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this part you will hear 15 short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what issaid. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question,you will have 12 seconds to read the four possible answers marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice onthe ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Now let’s begin with question number 1.1. A. When they will make up again.B. Why the woman doesn’t want to talk to Lucy.C. What happened to Lucy.D. Why they were close friends in the past.【答案】B【解析】女士讲到再也不想和露西讲话，男士想知道发生了什么，因为女士和露西曾经是好朋友。

复旦大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (15 points)(略)Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.21．The feeling of ______ that followed her victory was cut short hy her father's sudden death.A．initiation B．intricacy C．interrogation D．intoxication 22．An independent adviser has been brought in to ______ between the two sides involved in the conflict.A．conciliate B．waver C．vacillate D．linger23．Robert's enthusiasm for the program of social reform seems to have ______, for he seldom mentions it any more.A．broke through B．come up C．worn off D．fallen out24．Talented ______ he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional.A．since B．as C．until D．while25．It is very ______ of Miss Bingley to refuse to give any money to the church appeal when she could so easily afford it.A．considerate B．miserly C．belligerent D．touchy26．Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it ______ quite such severe punishment.A．slashed B．surmised C．warranted D．evaluated27．______ the time available to us, we will have to submit the report in draft form.A．Giving B．To give C．Having given D．Given28．On a warm sunny day the river seems ______ and benign, and it's hard to believe it can be dangerous.A．treacherous B．perilous C．placid D．turbulent29．The woman ______ the washing machine to see what the problem was, but couldn't put it back together again.A．dismantled B．dispensed C．dissolved D．dissipated30．Local residents claimed that the noise from the concert was causing a public ______.A．nuisance B．nuance C．novelty D．notification31．The candidate knew he could win the election when he saw the ______ with which his supporters worked.A．zeal B．innocence C．magnetism D．indifference32．______ your help, I might have failed in getting this high-paid job.A．Thanks to B．But for C．Owing to D．Apart from33．Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights ______.A．came out B．came to C．came on D．came in34．Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be ______, the tobacco company still insists that its products are harmless.A．minute B．soluble C．communicable D．addictive35．He ______ the men’s faces closely, trying to work out who was lying.A．slashed B．smacked C．slammed D．scrutinized36．She was portrayed in the press as a ______ sort of character who was only interested in men for their money.A．lofty B．deliberate C．courteous D．grasping37．The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from ______ into the wood beneath.A．rambling B．permeating C．eroding D．chasing38．Going out for a walk when it's pouring with rain is a ______ idea.A．conducive B．ludicrous C．flashy D．transient39．The lorry was lodged in a very ______ way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.A．precarious B．repulsive C．fastidious D．oblivious40．Her mother taught her never to ______ if someone insulted her, as it would only make the situation worse.A．retaliate B．deport C．outdo D．foilPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneAlways at the beginning of any particular hunt there was one solemn ceremony to perform: an earnest consultation between all the hunters as to which spoor was most worthwhile following. The Bushmen would sit on their heels like elder statesmen discussing the size, mood, sex, and direction of the animals, study the wind, the sun, the hour and the weather generally. When they had picked out one particular spoor they revealed their decision by flicking their hands over it loosely from their wrists and making a sound like the wind between their teeth. They would do that, too, whenever spoor was fresh and promising and the gesture came so clearly from a background of meaning that we never saw it without an mediate quickening of our own pulses.The decision made, they would set out at a steady trot, until there was evidence that their quarry was near. Sometimes they would stalk it, first on their knees and finally full on the stomach, until the animal came within range of their bows. Frequently, if seen, they would make no effort to hide themselves but go slowly, hands behind their backs, imitating the movements of ostriches pecking casually at the food in the veld. When hunting in a group they seemed to prefer shooting in pairs, coming up together on their knees like shadows within a bush. Without a word being spoken but by some process of wordless intercommunication of purpose, simultaneously they would let fly their arrow at the animal, the bowstrings resounding with a wild harp-like twang. That done they would stand up at leisure. They never expected the animal to drop dead at once, knowing they would have to wait until the poison began to do its deadly work.But the first thing to establish was that the arrows had found their mark. The arrows were made in three sections for this very reason. First, the poisoned head was made in one short hollowed piece which fitted into another slightly larger one which was joined to the main shaft, notched at the far end to take the bow-string without slipping or fumbling. This made certain that the wounded animal would be unable to rid itself of the arrow by rubbing its wounded placeagainst a tree, for in this way the arrow-shaft either parted from the arrow-head on impact, or else when the animal started rubbing itself against trunks and thorn bushes. If the hunters recovered the arrows intact, of course, they made no attempt to follow the alerted quarry. But if they found only the shaft they would take up the spoor at once and the real business of the hunt began. How long it took before they closed in for the kill with their spears on an animal already half paralyzed by poison, depended on the sort of poison used, the size of the animal, and the nature and place of the wound. Sometimes the chase would last only an hour or two, but with the greatest of all quarries, the eland, it sometimes took a whole day.I have never seen a killing which seemed more innocent. It was killing in order to live. On their faces there was always an expression of profound relief and gratitude when the hunter's quest had been fulfilled. There was also a desire to complete the killing as quickly as possible. I have watched their faces many times while performing this deed and I could see only the strain of the hunt, the signs of fatigue from running all day under a cloudless sky in a high temperature, together with a kind of dedicated expression, but no gloating, or killing for the sake of killing.41．According to the passage the hunters kill their prey by ______.A．following their spoor B．shooting them with spearsC．trapping them D．shooting them with poisoned arrows42．What did the writer find exciting to see?A．Animals being chased and killed.B．The hunter's hand gestures signaling a target.C．The way the arrows are made.D．The way hunters find their quarry.43．The writer considers the hunters as ______.A．sportsmen B．humane killersC．childlike savages D．cunning ostrich impersonators44．According to the passage, the hunters imitate ostriches because ______.A．they want to gain the trust of their intended preyB．they would like to entertain each other after a hard day's workC．ostriches are easier to imitate than elandsD．if seen they could hide their heads in the ground45．If the hunters found only the shaft of an arrow, it meant most importantly ______.A．there was an animal dying somewhereB．the arrow was well madeC．the arrow was badly madeD．they would never find arrow-headPassage TwoAs they turned into Upshot Rise where his parents lived, Jack let go of Ruth's hand. Upshot Rise was not a hand-holding street. When you turned into it, you wiped your feet and minded your manners. Each house was decently detached, each privet hedge crew cut and correct. Each drive sported a car or two, and the portals of most of the houses were framed by white pillars that had probably been delivered in polythene bags. Behind each set of white curtains lived people who touched each other seldom. Some had retired and moved into the suburb for the landscape and the silences. Whilst others had begun there, sprouting from the white sheets in the white beds behind the white curtains, who knew nothing of dirt except that of conception and delivery.Jack' parents fitted neither of these categories. They were refugees from Nazi Germany. Not the mattress-on-the-the-donkey-cart type of refugee, winding in tracking-shot down the interminable highway, but respectable well-heeled emigrants．The flight of the Mullers had been in the early days, without panic and with all their possessions. Jack's father's business had been an export affair to England so that there was little upheaval in their change of address. Both his father and his mother spoke English fluently, and through the business were already well connected with the upper strata of English social life. They travelled first class from Ostend to Dover, and early in the morning when only the white cliffs were looking, they made a deft spelling change to their name, and landing as the Millar family, they spoke to the customs officer in faultless English, declaring their monogrammed silver. Upshot Rise was a natural home for them. It was almost a duplicate of the Beethovenstrasse where they had lived in Hamburg, quiet, silent, and reliable. Like Upshot Rise, it lay in a dream suburb, a suburb of dream houses, a spotlessly clean nightmare.Jack and Ruth walked enjoined up the hill. They turned into the house that took in the bend of the road. Jack tried to silence the click of the gate as he opened it to let Ruth through. He knew that his mother would be waiting for the noise behind the bedroom window. It was the first timeshe would see Ruth and Jack wanted to give her no time advantage. He wanted them to meet at the door and see each other at the same time.46．It can be concluded from the passage that Upshot Rise has ______.A．a strong community spiritB．a problem with nosey neighborsC．a sterile feel and appearanceD．residents with a flair for self-expression47．The word “well-heeled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.A．stingy B．rich C．conceited D．well-intentioned48．Jack and Ruth did not hold hands as they turned into Upshot Rise because ______.A．Jack had sweaty handsB．holding hands was considered immoral behaviorC．holding hands was not correct behavior for Upshot RiseD．they were too shy49．How did Jack's parents adjust themselves to their new home?A．They began to study English.B．They invented new names for themselves.C．They rarely went out.D．They made an alteration to their name.50．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．Jack's parents suffered much discomfort in the course of their moving to England.B．Jack's parents were persecuted for being German.C．Jack's parents hated Upshot Rise as much as their old home.D．Jack's parents fitted naturally into Upshot Rise.Passage ThreeMedicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up and relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.Abroad, the family doctor is almost extinct. In Germany, every doctor “specializes.” In Israel,you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shock—even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of G. P. s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery an overloaded sorting depot for hospital clinics. There is no room for the amateur—be it in delivering a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G. P. s begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas a family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”, the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavours to specialize，the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go. Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all：only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous case become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, “task assignment.” This enables one patient's needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant, the job comes first．In her final year, a student will undertake the premedication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There has been talk of group assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human.” They shun responsibility for life and death. If responsibil ity is split into a kaleidoscope of routines, it weighs less on any one person.51．In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that ______.A．healthcare has become more efficientB．healthcare has become less caringC．hospitals have too many specialistsD．there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals52．According to the passage nurses are ______.A．overpaid and uncaring B．overworked and unfairly criticizedC．overwhelmed and undervalued D．uncaring but efficient53．The writer holds that hospitals abroad are ______.A．more efficient than those in BritainB．much cleaner than those in BritainC．ultimately no better than those in BritainD．ideal examples of an ideal healthcare system54．According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system are ______.A．a step in the fight direction B．impressiveC．few D．flawed55．The word “shun” in the last paragraph means ______.A．dodge B．claim C．appreciate D．undertakePassage FourIn the 1350s poor countrymen began to have cottages and gardens which they could call their own. Were these fourteenth-century peasants, then, the originators of the cottage garden? Not really: the making and planting of small mixed gardens had been pioneered by others, and the cottager had at least two good examples which he could follow. His garden plants might and to some extent did come from the surrounding countryside, but a great many came from the monastery gardens. As to the general plan of the small garden, in so far as it had one at all, that had its origin not in the country, but in the town．The first gardens to be developed and planted by the owners or tenants of small houses town cottages as it were, were almost certainly those of the suburbs of the free cities of Italy and Germany in the early Middle Ages. Thus the suburban garden, far from being a descendant of the country cottage garden, is its ancestor, and older, in all probability, by about two centuries. On the face of it a paradox, in fact this is really logical enough: it was in such towns that there first emerged a class of man who was free and who, without being rich, owned his own small house: a craftsman or tradesman protected by his guild from the great barons, and from the petty ones too. Moreover, it was in the towns, rather than in the country, where the countryside provided herbsand even wild vegetables, that men needed to cultivate pot-herbs and salads. It was also in the towns that there existed a demand for market-garden produce.London lagged well behind the Italian, Flemish, German and French free cities in this bourgeois progress towards the freedom of having a garden; yet, as early as the thirteenth century, well before the Black Death, Fitz Steven, biographer of Thomas a Becket, was writing that, in London: “On all sides outside the house of the citizens who dwell in the suburbs there are adjoining gardens planted with trees, both spacious and pleasing to the sight.”Then there is the monastery garden, quoted often as a “source” of the cottage garden in innumerable histories of gardening. The gardens of the great religious establishments of the eighth and ninth centuries had two origins：St. Augustine, copying the Greek academe did his teaching in a small garden presented to him for that purpose by a rich friend. Thus the idea of a garden-school, which began among the Greek philosopher-teachers, was carried on by the Christian church. In the second place, since one of the charities undertaken by most religious orders was that of healing, monasteries and nunneries needed a garden of medicinal herbs. Such physic gardens were soon supplemented by vegetable, salad and fruit gardens in those monasteries which enjoined upon their members the duty of raising their own food, or at least a part of it. They tended next to develop, willy-nilly into flower gardens simply because many of the herbaceous plants grown for medicinal purposes, or for their fragrance as strewing herbs, had pretty flowers—for example, violets, marjoram, pinks, primroses, madonna lilies and roses．In due course these flowers came to be grown for their own sakes, especially since some of them, lilies and roses notably, had a ritual or religious significance of their own. The madonna lily had been Aphrodite's symbolic flower, it became Mary's; yet its first association with horticulture was economic: a salve or ointment was made from the bulb.Much earlier than is commonly realized, certain monastic gardeners were making remarkable progress in scientific horticulture—for example, in forcing flowers and fruit out of season in cloister and courtyard gardens used as conservatories—which had lessons to teach cottagers as well as castle-dwellers.56．Small city gardens were first established in certain Italian and German cities ______.A．in the central areas, unlike the earlier English gardensB．by citizens whose forebears had obtained permission from the monksC．by citizens who had surplus land by their cottagesD．on lines that anticipated cottage gardens57．What reason is given for the development of gardens in towns?A．There were special market areas in the large towns.B．The medieval citizen could cultivate the plants he wanted.C．The town dwellers longed for the edible wild plants they knew in their youth.D．The market sellers had not enough of their own cultivated herbs for sale.58．The religious orders had gardens because they ______.A．did their healing in the gardensB．liked their food strongly spiced with herbsC．required them for their healing workD．conducted their teaching mainly out of doors59．Special interest was taken in some plants, because of their ______.A．ancient originB．fragrance when crashedC．association with special seasonsD．beauty and their spiritual associations60．What cottage gardeners could learn from the monasteries was ______.A．how to control growth by special conditionsB．the need for earlier plantingC．how to choose the best plants for that climateD．the need for sheltered conditionsPart ⅣCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even before he is 80, the aging person may undergo another identity crisis like that of adolescence. Perhaps there had also been a middle-aged crisis, but for the rest of adult life he had taken himself for 61 , with his capabilities and failings. Now, when he looks in the mirror, he asks himself, “Is this really me?” —or he avoids the mirror out of distress at 62 it reveals, those bags and wrinkles. In his new makeup he is 63 upon to play a new role in a play thatmust be improvised. Andre Gide, that longlived man of letters, wrote in his journal, “My heart has remained so young that I have the continual feeling of playing a part, the part of the 70-year-old that I certainly am; and the infirmities and weaknesses that remind me of my age act like a prompter reminding me of my lines when I tend to stray. Then, like the good actor I want to 64 , I go back into my role, and I pride 65 on p laying it well.”In his new role the old person will find that he is tempted by new vices, that he receives new compensations (not so widely known), and that he may possibly achieve new virtues. Chief among these is the heroic or merely obstinate refusal to surrender in the 66 of time. One admires the ships that go down with all flags 67 and the captain on the bridge.Among the vices of age are avarice, untidiness, and vanity, which last takes the form of a craving to be loved or simply admired. Avarice is the worst of those three. Why do so many old persons, men and women 68 , insist on hoarding money when they have no prospect of using it and even when they have no heirs? They eat the cheapest food, buy no clothes, and live in a single room when they could afford better lodging. It may be that they regard money as a form of power: there is a comfort in watching it accumulate while other powers are dwindling 69 . How often we read of an old person found dead in a hovel, on a mattress partly stuffed 70 bankbooks and stock certificates? The bankbook syndrome, we call it in our family, which has never succumbed.Part ⅤTranslation(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．Write your English version on ANSWER SHEETⅡ．人们发现，所有在国外旅行的人都根据他们自己的风俗习惯来评价他们的所见所闻和他们所吃的东西。

⼀、根据复旦⼤学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共30⼩题，每⼩题0.5分，共15分。

预计测试时间（25分钟）以下为华慧考博教务辅导团队编著资料。

241. One of his eyes was injured in an accident, but after a __ operation, he quickly recovered his sight. [ A ] precise [ B ] considerate [ C ] delicate [ D ] sensitive 242. There's a whole __ of bills waiting to be paid. [ A ] stock [ B ] stack [ C ] number [ D ] sequence 243. Please come and help me with this form because I don't know how to it. [ A ] set about [ B ] set off [ C ] set aside [ D ] set up 244. Your story about the frog turning into a prince is __ nonsense. [ A ] shear [ B ] sheer华慧考博 [ C ] shield [ D ] sheet 245. There is no easy solution to Japan's labor __ [ A ] decline [ B ] vacancy [ C ] rarity [ D ] shortage 246. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually [ A ] shrink [ 8 ] delay [ C ] disperse [ D ] sink 247. A ~ of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor for approval. [ A ] shorthand [ B ] scheme [ C ] schedule [ D ] sketch 248. My boss has always attended to the ~ of important business himself. [ A ] transaction [ B ] stimulation [ C ] transition [ D ] solution 249. This book is a of radio scripts, in which we seek to explain how the words and expressions become part of our language. [ A ] collection [ B ] publication [ C ] volume [ D ] stack 250. All parts of this sewing machine are __ so that it is very simple to get replacements for them. [ A ] mechanized [ B ] minimized [ C ] modernized [ D ] standardized 251. The tragedy of the Challenger ~ an ongoing controversy on all aspects of America's space program. [ A ] arose [ B ] ignited [ C ] resulted [ D ] started 252. John found a lost dog on the street and the local station to broadcast a poignant appeal for the dog's owner to come forward. [ A ] informed [ B ] reminded [ C ] notified [ D ] startled 253. The newly-buih Science Building seems __ enough to last a hundred years. [ A ] spacious [ B ] sophisticated [ C ] substantial [ D ] steady 254. He failed to can3, ont some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to the conse- quences. [ A ] answer for [ B ] run into [ C ] abide by [ D ] step into 255. You must stick to the plan, whatever happens. [ A ] severely [ B ] rigidly [ C ] strongly [ D ] stiffly 256. As an excellent shooter, Peter practiced aiming at both targets and moving targets. [ A ] stationary [ B ] standing [ C ] stable [ D ] still 257. The survey found that Hungary __ as the most environment-conscious country of East Europe. [ A ] broke out [ B ] held ont [ C ] ran ont [ D ] stood ont 258. The gloves were really too small, and it was only by __ them that I managed to get them on. [ A ] spreading [ B ] extending [ C ] squeezing [ D ] stretching 259. He underwent four operations in two weeks. [ A ] excessive [ B ] extensive [ C ] intensive [ D ] successive 260. The book contained a large __ of information. [ A ] deal [ B ] amount [ C ] number [ D ] sam 261. The California forest fires, which were regarded yesterday as 'almost under control, __ again during the night. [ A ] flared up [ B ] kept up [ C ] sent over [ D ] swept through 262. Communication is the process of a message from a source to an audience via a channel. [ A ] transmitting [ B ] submitting [ C ] transforming [ D ] switching 263. Parents have a legal to ensure that their children are provided with efficient education suit- able to their age. [ A ] impulse [ B ] obligation [ C ] influence [ D ] sympathy 264. Bob was completely __ by the robber's disguise. [ A ] taken away [ B ] taken down [ C ] taken to [ D ] taken in 265. Jim isn't , but he did badly in the final exams last semester. [ A ] gloomy [ B ] dull [ C ] awkward [ D ] tedious 266. I am sure 1 can him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night. [ A ] speak [ B ] talk [ C ] say [ D ] tell 267. The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on that __ lot. [ A ] valid [ B ] vain [ C ] vacant [ D ] vague 268. After having gone __ far, George did not want to turn back. [ A ] enough [ B ] much [ C ] such [ D ] that 269. If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression that the native speaker of English does not even have to __ [ A ] think ont [ B ] think about [ C ] think over [ D ] think for 270. The political future of the president is now hanging by a __ [ A ] rope [ B ] cord [ C ] string [ D ] thread。

⼀、根据复旦⼤学华慧教育纲规定,每年词汇题共30⼩题，每⼩题0.5分，共15分。

预计测试时间（25分钟）211. The drowning child was saved by Dick's __ action.[ A ] acute [ B ] alert[ C ] profound [ D ] prompt212. We should always keep in mind that __ decisions often lead to bitter iegrets.[ A ] urgent [ B ] hasty[ C] instant [ D ] prompt213. The current general slackness of the market has prevented us from new orders with you.[ A ] placing [ B ] putting[ C ] arranging [ D ] providing214. He pointed out that the living standard of urban and __ people continued to improve.[ A ] remote [ B ] municipal[ C ] rural [ D ] provincial215. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women __ this field is climbing.[ A ] engaging [ B ] devoting[ C ] registering [ D ] pursuing216. When they had finished playing, the children were made to all the toys they had takenout.[ A ] pat off [ B ] put out[ C ] put up [ D ] put away217. Jack was about to announce our plan but I[ A ] cut him short [ B ] turned him out[ C ] gave him up [ D ] put him through218. It was felt that be lacked the __ to pursue a difficult task to the very end.[ A ] petition [ B ] engagement[ C ] commitment [ D ] qualification219. When she saw the clouds she went back to the house to her umbrella.[ A ] carry [ B ] fetch[ C ] bring [ D ] reach220. An agreement was __ last Friday by the two parties.[ A ] arrived at [ B ] arrived in[ C ] occurred [ D ] realized221. if I take this medicine twice a day, it should __ my cold.[ A ] heal [ B ] cure[ C ] treat [ D ] recover222. If you know what the trouble is, why don't you help them to __ the situation?[ A ] simplify. [ B ] modify[ C ] verify [ D ] rectify223. The lost car of the Lees was found __ in the woods off the highway.[ A ] vanished [ B ] scattered[ C ] abandoned [ D ] rejected224. The story that follows __ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.[ A ] concerns [ B ] states[ C ] proclaims [ D ] relates225. The government regulations that put this archeological site under protection.[ A ] published [ B ] issued[ C ] discharged [ D ] released226. He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any __ on what he promises.[ A ] faith [ B ] belief[ C] credit [ D ] reliance227. The branches could hardly the weight of the fruit.[ A ] retain [ B ] sustain[ C ] maintain [ D ] remain228. The strong wind with sand comes from the hill in front of their house.[ A ] empty [ B ] isolated[ C ] bare [ D ] remote229. Men's never-ceasing for knowledge continues to broaden our understanding of the earth's atmosphere.[ A ] request [ B ] quest[ C ] investigation [ D ] research230. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to __ healthy.[ A ] preserve [ B ] stay[ C ] maintain [ D ] reserve231. The salesman's annoyed the old lady, but finally she gave up.[ A ] endurance [ B ] assistance[ C ] persistence [ D ] resistance232. A neat letter improves your chances of a favorable _-[ A ] circumstance [ B ] request[ C ] reception [ D ] response233. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly Oil[ A ] consciousness [ B ] impulse[ C ] instinct [ D ] response234. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary __ for reason-ing.[ A ] resource [ B ] resolution[ C ] requirement [ D ] response235. The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six __ libraries specially servethe countryside.[ A ] mobile [ B ] drifting[ C ] shifting [ D ] rotating236. He does nothing that __ the interests of the collective.[ A ] runs for [ B ] runs against[ C ] runs over [ D ] runs into237. Old Americans are extremely reluctant to buy on __ and likely to save as much money as pos-sible.[ A ] debt [ B ] credit[ C ] deposit [ D ] sale238. In my opinion, you can widen the __ of these improvements through your active participation.[ A ] dimension [ B ] volume[ C ] magnitude [ D ] scope239. Have you a funny __ or unusual experience that you would like to share.'?[ A ] amusement [ B ] incident[ C ] accident [ D ] section240. No one needs to feel awkward in __ his own customs.[ A ] pursuing [ B ] following[ C ] chasing [ D ] seeking。

复旦大学2004年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15%) 略Part Ⅱ V ocabulary and Structure (10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in the part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.21. The children greeted each other with _______ of joy when they came back to school from the Christmas holidays.A) shrink B) sheen C) shiver D) shriek22. In my opinion, constant arguing doesn‟t _______ a happy marriage.A) pass for B) pay for C) make for D) stand for23. Although it is only a small business, its _______ is surprisingly high.A) turn-on B) turnover C) turn-about D) turn-up24. It ________ two choices: you either improve your work or you leave.A) results in B) sums up C) comes down to D) adds up to25. Fat as she is, Mary doesn‟t fancy _______ on a strict diet.A) being put B) putting C) to be put D) to put26. After speaking for two hours, the lecture found he could scarcely talk, as he had became ____.A) tongue-tied B) hoarse C) inarticulate D) dumb27. As my exam is next week, I‟ll take advantage of the day off to ________ on some reading.A) make up B) hurry up C) pick up D) catch up28. Since 1945 the rivalry in military strength between the world‟s great powers has produced a _______ balanced peace.A) precociously B) deviously C) devastatingly D) precariously29. It was obvious that he had been drinking far too much from the way he came ______ down the street.A) toddling B) staggering C) hobbling D) loping30. He has a strong _________ to give a talk about his experiences because he doesn‟t like the limelight.A) reticence B) dissension C) disinclination D) notoriety31. We believe that the cumulative effects of renewed prosperity will ________ expectations.A) surpass B) overcome C) cripple D) undermine32. I‟m afraid, Mr Jones, that the bank is obliged to refuse your application for an extend ______.A) balance B) overdraft C) equilibrium D) compensation33. “It doesn‟t pay to be dishonest, does it?”“__________ !”A) By all means B) Of course C) Certainly D) Not at all34. She looks ________ since her children married and moved away.A) ruthless B) incredulous C) forlorn D) resilient35. If you know that what you‟re doing will serve to improve human life, then work becomes respected, even ___________.A) revered B) retained C) retrieved D) resuscitated36. Our stance is quite clear: ________ rumours that have surrounded him since he took office.A) hoard B) interrogate C) instigate D) demolish37. These tests will give too much importance to written exams to the ______ of other skills.A) mutation B) distribution C) detriment D) futility38. There was concern in the city that police were making little _______ in the investigation.A) conclusion B) headway C) impact D) concession39. He had hoped John‟s appetite had been curbed but he seemed both ______ and unable to learn from previous experience.A) insatiable B) miniscule C) zealous D) implausible40. Lack is an introverted young man; it is impossible to tell whether he has ______ your sister Jane or not.A) taken on B) taken to C) taken up D) taken offPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.(1)Thanks to an army agents and informers; the Emperor Rudolph was informed of every opportunity. He knew the most desirable old masters were hung, and what pressure, or what event, would detach them, while other princes enriched churches, he did not hesitate to denude them of coveted alter-pieces. And even if some great works seemed firmly held by jealous rival, he would watch and wait: for while there was death, there was hope.In his last years, the Emperor‟s gallery was famous throughout Europe, and artists and connoisseurs vied for the privilege of seeing it. But even if a man could penetrate the gallery, would he see its imperial owners? That was less certain. Rudolph had by now become a legend, a living legend, living a secret life of voluntary solitude in his husband palace, closeted with painters and scientists. On the table before him stood two globes, terrestrial and celestial, and dog-eared astrological books, with whose aid he defied divine jealously and penetrated the darkest secrets of nature, seeking to extract the souls of metals, and to distil the elixir of life. Hard at hand, in his laboratory, his chemical workers were busy with burners, crucibles and retorts, under the direction of a white-robed figure who would come furtively to his master, bringing the precious extract.Such was the legend of Rudolph in his last years. It was not far from the reality. For with the passage of time his eccentricities had become more marked. In 1600 he went through a severe crisis of melancholy, due, it was said, to his long involvement in necromancy and alchemy, his hatred of the Church, and his growing conviction that he was a damned soul. Certainly, he had renounced real wordly power. When James I of England, that other erudite monarch, was dedicating to Rudolph, as the greatest prince in Christendom, his defence of Iay monarchy against the claims of the Pope, the Emperor was politically impotent, having ruined all by his excessive zeal in the study of art and nature. He had deserted the affairs of state, for alchemists‟ laboratories, painters‟ studies, and the workshops of clockmakers. He had given over his whole palace to such researchers, diverted all his revenues to them, estranged himself completely from humanity. Two years later the final revolt began. His outraged family resorted to arms, the Emperor was deposed, and his brother was elected to his throne. Ten months later, Rudolph was dead.Finally, in 1648, came the great disaster. After thirty years of war, on the very eve of peace, a Swedish army stormed and sacked the city. By that brutal and unnecessary act, the richest andmost fantastic collection that Europe had known was pillaged and scattered. The bulk of it was sent off to Sweden to fill the castles of the nobles and to gratify their vulturine queen.41. It can be concluded from the passage that as he grew old, Rudolph became _________.A. less interested in the study of art and natureB. convinced he was the son of GodC. wildly unpredictableD. bed-ridden and impotent42. Rudolph acquired his works of art by ___________.A. waiting for the owners of paintings to lieB. theftC. paying huge sums of moneyD. any means43. Rudolph was dethroned partly because ________.A. he was derangedB. he hated his familyC. his soul was familyD. he had spent all his revenues on art and researches44. What eventually happened to Rudolph‟s art collection?A. It was looted and redistributed.B. It was lost in a great disaster.C. It was ruined by the Swedish army.D. It was buried with Rudolph when he died.45. Judging by the context the word “sacked” in the last paragraph most probably means _____.A. occupiedB. destroyedC. besiegedD. assaulted(2)Mark and Janet had been given four different sets of place mats as wedding presents. They had been given two more as subsequent anniversary and Christmas presents. And the formica table was in fact heatproof, and that was why they had bought it.Six brown and gold mats on the white circular top looked very good. She added six hand-cut crystal goblets, and paused. Would Anthea prefer those chunky Italian glasses with thick bottoms? Maybe. But the cut glass ones looked so lovely, winking and glittering and jeweled in the orange light. (She pulled the lamp over the table down, on its extending cord, so it gave a more discreet, intimate glow.) She would leave the goblets. They couldn‟t possibly be the wrong thin, they were so staggeringly expensive.There was no problem with the cutlery, as they had only the one set, a stainless steel set specially designed to go in the dishwasher they couldn‟t yet afford. (Janet presented she didn‟t want a dishwasher, and really didn‟t want one either. She wondered how the two attitudes to dishwashers could be combined in one person, sometimes.) But choice arose again when it came to a question of plates. They had two dinner services, the best and the everyday. The everyday was quite attractive and she had always rather liked it(she‟d chosen it herself, after all, as her present Auntie Barbara from Lincoln) until one day she saw a rather similar though not identical set in the local supermarket, and ever after she‟d wondered if it hadn‟t after all looked rather cheap. In fact, she wouldn‟t even have thought of using it, had it not been for the fact that the best set had twopieces missing. The best set was Royal Worcester, white, with a thin gold band round the edges, but the last time she‟d used it, somebody (had it been Jackie Price?) had one herself at her husband‟s head only a week before, and Janet had been deeply unset, because she would at that stage simply never have been able to throw a plate at Mark‟s head, and did not believe that other people did either, she thought that throwing plates was just a convention of marriage a film convention, a romantic notion, like happy union, or eternal love. She was beginning to wonder about this now—she had doubted her certainties, ever since she had first like sticking a knife in her husband --- but nevertheless, indeed all the more, she did not want any more jokes about broken plates.However, her social doubts about the ordinary set were by now so profound that she used the Royal Worcester after all, giving herself the odd side plate, and covering them all with brown napkins. Then she stood back, and surveyed her arrangement. She was pleased with it. If only there weren‟t any guests involved guests involved, she would be quite happy, setting tables.46. According to the passage, since getting married to Mark, Janet‟s love for him has _______.A. apparently grown strongerB. deepened immeasurablyC. occasionally turned to hateD. not changed at all47. It can be inferred from the passage that Janet ________.A. is terrified of social embarrassmentB. is a neurotic bag of nervesC. loves to lay tables in interesting waysD. is a social climber with a scheming mind48. As for Janet is concerned, dinner parties are __________.A. a chance to spend time with friendsB. an opportunity to display cutleryC. a time of anxietyD. a way of finding out the latest gossip49. The true meaning of Jackie price‟s remark is ___________.A. even happy homes will have accidentsB. plate throwing is a tradition among married couplesC. there is no such a thing as a happy marriageD. all marriage have problems sometimes50. The word “staggeringly” in paragraph 2 can be replaced with ________.A. chillinglyB. stunninglyC. blithelyD. sturdily(3)…Mr Da Costa is a strange gentleman, if you don‟t mind my saying so, sir.‟…Why?‟ said Lushington.He disliked the idea of prolonging the conversation with Pope but at the same time felt himself unable to resist possible intimate revelations about so old a friend.…He spends all his time reading.‟ Pope said. He shuddered.Expectantly, Lushington said.…He had always read a good deal. Ever since I have known him.‟…Curious books, sir.‟…Are they?‟…I‟m a great reader myself,‟ Pope said. …I always have been. But it doesn‟t do to read too much. Otherwise you don‟t have a healthy mind in a healthy body.‟…I suppose not.‟…I like reading serious books, sir. Books that really teach you something. Books on economics especially. Science. Statistics. Nature study.‟…Yes, yes,‟ said Lushington.A straight talk on Pope‟s literary tastes had been just what he had wanted to avoid, but self-respect prevented him from returning of his own accord to the subject of Da Costa‟s vagaries. Pope stood, resting his hands on the table, starting in front of him with his eyes-that-look- beyond-the-grave expression. He had got started. He rapidly sketched in the plots a few books he had enjoyed during the previous eighteen months,…Yes…‟ said Lushington, …… yes… yes… yes… yes… yes….‟Art and letters exhausted, Pope began to roam among the litter of his personal reminiscence, exploring the cramped furtive lanes of memory, winding this way and that through the tinsel by-ways past, petting and cosseting his ego, warming it at the glow of innumerable self-congratulatory episodes that had, it seemed, lighted the road Lushington, realizing now that he would hear nothing of Da Costa‟s secret life, no longer paid attention to the humming cadences of Pope‟s saga. Pope pursued his course:…… during the war when I was in the army, attached, as it happened, to the Dental Department, one of the officers had remarked that I was good with my hands, he used to say that no one was use to him after he had employed me, somehow it had spoiled ‟缺第13页cause or not, is quite clearly one of the fastest-moving topics of the decade. On those grounds alone it is worth a page in a newspaper. If we were in the throes of re-writing the language or being colonized by Martians I have no doubt that the editor in his wisdom would institute a Guardian Esperantists or a Green Man Guardian in the interests of topicality.56. The writer has changed her mind about having a women‟s page in the Guardian because she feels that ___________.A. the women‟s movement has not achieved enoughB. the Guardian needs to retain its good reputationC. a women‟s page in the Guardian would attract more female readersD. she has not thought things through properly57. It is clear from the passage that the writer tries to influence the opinions of her readers by ___.A. using strong emotive languageB. roughly attacking members of the feminist movementC. using humor as a disarming deviceD. shaming male readers58. Which of the following does the writer not use as an argument for a women‟s page?A. Feminism is a hot topic.B. Women are like Martians and need a page that speaks their own language.C. The Guardian is associated with the women‟s movement.D. Women will become more interesting if they burst out of the kitchen.59. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the statement …a vested interest makes for undue flexibility‟?A. An interest in vests sometimes makes people usually flexible.B. People change their minds more easily when they stand to gain something.C. The ability to change one‟s opinions is an investment in the future.D. The opinions of most people are easily changed.60. The phrase “in the throes of” in the last paragraph means ____________.A. deviating fromB. doing away withC. keeping abreastD. struggling with the task ofPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%)Direction: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet ⅡIn the nineteenth century, the ideal of self-improvement degenerated into a cult of compulsive industry. P.T. Barnum, who made a fortune in a calling, the very nature of which the Puritans would have condemned, delivered many times a lecture frankly entitled “The Art of Money-Getting,” which epitomized the nineteenth-century conception of wordly success. Barnum quoted freely from Franklin but without Franklin‟s 61)______ for the attainment of wisdom or the promotion of useful knowledge. “Information” interested Barnum merely 62)________ a means of mastering the market. Thus he condemned the “false economy” of the farm wife who douses her candle at dusk rather 63)______ another for reading, not realizing that the “information” gained through reading is worth far more than the price of the candles. “Always take a trustworthy newspaper,” Barnum advised young men 64)_______ the make, “and thus keep thoroughly posted in 65)______ to the transactions of the world. He who is without a newspaper is 66)_______ off from his species.”Barnum valued the good opinion of others not as a sign of one‟s usefulness but as a means of getting credit, “Uncompromising integrity of 67)________ is invaluable. ” The nineteenth century attempted to express all values in monetary 68)______. Everything had its price. Charity was a moral duty because “the liberal man will command patronage, 69)________ the sordid, uncharitable miser will be avoided.” The sin of pride was not that it offered God but that it led to extravagant expenditures. “A spirit of pride and vanity, when permitted to have full 70)_____, is the undying cankerworm which gnaws the very vitals of a man‟s wordly possessions.”Part Ⅴ Translation (10%)Directions: Put following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.与以往的人类世界相比，我们的世界是极为复杂的，由于通讯极为发达，世界各地发生的事情都是互有联系的，任何灾难都不是孤立的，任何进步都有助于整体的进步。

全国部分高校考博英语作文清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题；PartⅤWriting(20%)；Directions:Inthispart,yo；1.在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是；2.使我难忘的原因是；3.它对我后来的影响是；北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题；PartFiveWriting；Direction:Writeashortcom；Topic:Writ清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅴ Writing (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

2. 使我难忘的原因是。

3. 它对我后来的影响是。

北京大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Five WritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below: (15%)Topic: Write in 250～300 words about China s auto industry.北京大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part FiveWritingDirection: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. (15%)Topic: Comment on the Development of the Internet北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part SixWritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. And write the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises中国人民大学2002年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “Op portunities and challenges with the coming of Globalization.”中国人民大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “Social Sciences and the Humanities should Play a More Important Role in the 21st Century”.中国人民大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题ⅥWriting (20 points)Directions: Write an essay in no less than 250 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”. Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.武汉大学2002 年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a compositon entitled Pressures of Modern Man in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outlines.1. 现代人会遇到各种各样的压力2. 压力的来源3. 如何减轻自己的压力武汉大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Ⅵ. Writing (15%)Directions: In this part, you are expected to write a composition entitled Looking Forward to the New Reform of College English in China in no less than 200 words. Your compositon should be based on the following outlines.1. 有些人认为随着各种高水平电子课件的制作与引进，大学生基本上可以自学英语了。

复旦大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (15 points)(略)Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.21．The feeling of ______ that followed her victory was cut short hy her father's sudden death.A．initiation B．intricacy C．interrogation D．intoxication 22．An independent adviser has been brought in to ______ between the two sides involved in the conflict.A．conciliate B．waver C．vacillate D．linger23．Robert's enthusiasm for the program of social reform seems to have ______, for he seldom mentions it any more.A．broke through B．come up C．worn off D．fallen out24．Talented ______ he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional.A．since B．as C．until D．while25．It is very ______ of Miss Bingley to refuse to give any money to the church appeal when she could so easily afford it.A．considerate B．miserly C．belligerent D．touchy26．Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it ______ quite such severe punishment.A．slashed B．surmised C．warranted D．evaluated27．______ the time available to us, we will have to submit the report in draft form.A．Giving B．To give C．Having given D．Given28．On a warm sunny day the river seems ______ and benign, and it's hard to believe it can be dangerous.A．treacherous B．perilous C．placid D．turbulent29．The woman ______ the washing machine to see what the problem was, but couldn't put it back together again.A．dismantled B．dispensed C．dissolved D．dissipated30．Local residents claimed that the noise from the concert was causing a public ______.A．nuisance B．nuance C．novelty D．notification31．The candidate knew he could win the election when he saw the ______ with which his supporters worked.A．zeal B．innocence C．magnetism D．indifference32．______ your help, I might have failed in getting this high-paid job.A．Thanks to B．But for C．Owing to D．Apart from33．Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights ______.A．came out B．came to C．came on D．came in34．Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be ______, the tobacco company still insists that its products are harmless.A．minute B．soluble C．communicable D．addictive35．He ______ the men’s faces closely, trying to work out who was lying.A．slashed B．smacked C．slammed D．scrutinized36．She was portrayed in the press as a ______ sort of character who was only interested in men for their money.A．lofty B．deliberate C．courteous D．grasping37．The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from ______ into the wood beneath.A．rambling B．permeating C．eroding D．chasing38．Going out for a walk when it's pouring with rain is a ______ idea.A．conducive B．ludicrous C．flashy D．transient39．The lorry was lodged in a very ______ way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.A．precarious B．repulsive C．fastidious D．oblivious40．Her mother taught her never to ______ if someone insulted her, as it would only make the situation worse.A．retaliate B．deport C．outdo D．foilPart ⅢReading Comprehension (40 points)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneAlways at the beginning of any particular hunt there was one solemn ceremony to perform: an earnest consultation between all the hunters as to which spoor was most worthwhile following. The Bushmen would sit on their heels like elder statesmen discussing the size, mood, sex, and direction of the animals, study the wind, the sun, the hour and the weather generally. When they had picked out one particular spoor they revealed their decision by flicking their hands over it loosely from their wrists and making a sound like the wind between their teeth. They would do that, too, whenever spoor was fresh and promising and the gesture came so clearly from a background of meaning that we never saw it without an mediate quickening of our own pulses.The decision made, they would set out at a steady trot, until there was evidence that their quarry was near. Sometimes they would stalk it, first on their knees and finally full on the stomach, until the animal came within range of their bows. Frequently, if seen, they would make no effort to hide themselves but go slowly, hands behind their backs, imitating the movements of ostriches pecking casually at the food in the veld. When hunting in a group they seemed to prefer shooting in pairs, coming up together on their knees like shadows within a bush. Without a word being spoken but by some process of wordless intercommunication of purpose, simultaneously they would let fly their arrow at the animal, the bowstrings resounding with a wild harp-like twang. That done they would stand up at leisure. They never expected the animal to drop dead at once, knowing they would have to wait until the poison began to do its deadly work.But the first thing to establish was that the arrows had found their mark. The arrows were made in three sections for this very reason. First, the poisoned head was made in one short hollowed piece which fitted into another slightly larger one which was joined to the main shaft, notched at the far end to take the bow-string without slipping or fumbling. This made certain that the wounded animal would be unable to rid itself of the arrow by rubbing its wounded placeagainst a tree, for in this way the arrow-shaft either parted from the arrow-head on impact, or else when the animal started rubbing itself against trunks and thorn bushes. If the hunters recovered the arrows intact, of course, they made no attempt to follow the alerted quarry. But if they found only the shaft they would take up the spoor at once and the real business of the hunt began. How long it took before they closed in for the kill with their spears on an animal already half paralyzed by poison, depended on the sort of poison used, the size of the animal, and the nature and place of the wound. Sometimes the chase would last only an hour or two, but with the greatest of all quarries, the eland, it sometimes took a whole day.I have never seen a killing which seemed more innocent. It was killing in order to live. On their faces there was always an expression of profound relief and gratitude when the hunter's quest had been fulfilled. There was also a desire to complete the killing as quickly as possible. I have watched their faces many times while performing this deed and I could see only the strain of the hunt, the signs of fatigue from running all day under a cloudless sky in a high temperature, together with a kind of dedicated expression, but no gloating, or killing for the sake of killing.41．According to the passage the hunters kill their prey by ______.A．following their spoor B．shooting them with spearsC．trapping them D．shooting them with poisoned arrows42．What did the writer find exciting to see?A．Animals being chased and killed.B．The hunter's hand gestures signaling a target.C．The way the arrows are made.D．The way hunters find their quarry.43．The writer considers the hunters as ______.A．sportsmen B．humane killersC．childlike savages D．cunning ostrich impersonators44．According to the passage, the hunters imitate ostriches because ______.A．they want to gain the trust of their intended preyB．they would like to entertain each other after a hard day's workC．ostriches are easier to imitate than elandsD．if seen they could hide their heads in the ground45．If the hunters found only the shaft of an arrow, it meant most importantly ______.A．there was an animal dying somewhereB．the arrow was well madeC．the arrow was badly madeD．they would never find arrow-headPassage TwoAs they turned into Upshot Rise where his parents lived, Jack let go of Ruth's hand. Upshot Rise was not a hand-holding street. When you turned into it, you wiped your feet and minded your manners. Each house was decently detached, each privet hedge crew cut and correct. Each drive sported a car or two, and the portals of most of the houses were framed by white pillars that had probably been delivered in polythene bags. Behind each set of white curtains lived people who touched each other seldom. Some had retired and moved into the suburb for the landscape and the silences. Whilst others had begun there, sprouting from the white sheets in the white beds behind the white curtains, who knew nothing of dirt except that of conception and delivery.Jack' parents fitted neither of these categories. They were refugees from Nazi Germany. Not the mattress-on-the-the-donkey-cart type of refugee, winding in tracking-shot down the interminable highway, but respectable well-heeled emigrants．The flight of the Mullers had been in the early days, without panic and with all their possessions. Jack's father's business had been an export affair to England so that there was little upheaval in their change of address. Both his father and his mother spoke English fluently, and through the business were already well connected with the upper strata of English social life. They travelled first class from Ostend to Dover, and early in the morning when only the white cliffs were looking, they made a deft spelling change to their name, and landing as the Millar family, they spoke to the customs officer in faultless English, declaring their monogrammed silver. Upshot Rise was a natural home for them. It was almost a duplicate of the Beethovenstrasse where they had lived in Hamburg, quiet, silent, and reliable. Like Upshot Rise, it lay in a dream suburb, a suburb of dream houses, a spotlessly clean nightmare.Jack and Ruth walked enjoined up the hill. They turned into the house that took in the bend of the road. Jack tried to silence the click of the gate as he opened it to let Ruth through. He knew that his mother would be waiting for the noise behind the bedroom window. It was the first timeshe would see Ruth and Jack wanted to give her no time advantage. He wanted them to meet at the door and see each other at the same time.46．It can be concluded from the passage that Upshot Rise has ______.A．a strong community spiritB．a problem with nosey neighborsC．a sterile feel and appearanceD．residents with a flair for self-expression47．The word “well-heeled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.A．stingy B．rich C．conceited D．well-intentioned48．Jack and Ruth did not hold hands as they turned into Upshot Rise because ______.A．Jack had sweaty handsB．holding hands was considered immoral behaviorC．holding hands was not correct behavior for Upshot RiseD．they were too shy49．How did Jack's parents adjust themselves to their new home?A．They began to study English.B．They invented new names for themselves.C．They rarely went out.D．They made an alteration to their name.50．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A．Jack's parents suffered much discomfort in the course of their moving to England.B．Jack's parents were persecuted for being German.C．Jack's parents hated Upshot Rise as much as their old home.D．Jack's parents fitted naturally into Upshot Rise.Passage ThreeMedicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up and relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.Abroad, the family doctor is almost extinct. In Germany, every doctor “specializes.” In Israel,you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shock—even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of G. P. s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery an overloaded sorting depot for hospital clinics. There is no room for the amateur—be it in delivering a baby or calming a neurotic.Consultants and G. P. s begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas a family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”, the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavours to specialize，the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go. Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all：only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous case become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, “task assignment.” This enables one patient's needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant, the job comes first．In her final year, a student will undertake the premedication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There has been talk of group assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human.” They shun responsibility for life and death. If responsibil ity is split into a kaleidoscope of routines, it weighs less on any one person.51．In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that ______.A．healthcare has become more efficientB．healthcare has become less caringC．hospitals have too many specialistsD．there should be more opportunities for amateurs in hospitals52．According to the passage nurses are ______.A．overpaid and uncaring B．overworked and unfairly criticizedC．overwhelmed and undervalued D．uncaring but efficient53．The writer holds that hospitals abroad are ______.A．more efficient than those in BritainB．much cleaner than those in BritainC．ultimately no better than those in BritainD．ideal examples of an ideal healthcare system54．According to the writers the attempts by nursing leaders to improve the system are ______.A．a step in the fight direction B．impressiveC．few D．flawed55．The word “shun” in the last paragraph means ______.A．dodge B．claim C．appreciate D．undertakePassage FourIn the 1350s poor countrymen began to have cottages and gardens which they could call their own. Were these fourteenth-century peasants, then, the originators of the cottage garden? Not really: the making and planting of small mixed gardens had been pioneered by others, and the cottager had at least two good examples which he could follow. His garden plants might and to some extent did come from the surrounding countryside, but a great many came from the monastery gardens. As to the general plan of the small garden, in so far as it had one at all, that had its origin not in the country, but in the town．The first gardens to be developed and planted by the owners or tenants of small houses town cottages as it were, were almost certainly those of the suburbs of the free cities of Italy and Germany in the early Middle Ages. Thus the suburban garden, far from being a descendant of the country cottage garden, is its ancestor, and older, in all probability, by about two centuries. On the face of it a paradox, in fact this is really logical enough: it was in such towns that there first emerged a class of man who was free and who, without being rich, owned his own small house: a craftsman or tradesman protected by his guild from the great barons, and from the petty ones too. Moreover, it was in the towns, rather than in the country, where the countryside provided herbsand even wild vegetables, that men needed to cultivate pot-herbs and salads. It was also in the towns that there existed a demand for market-garden produce.London lagged well behind the Italian, Flemish, German and French free cities in this bourgeois progress towards the freedom of having a garden; yet, as early as the thirteenth century, well before the Black Death, Fitz Steven, biographer of Thomas a Becket, was writing that, in London: “On all sides outside the house of the citizens who dwell in the suburbs there are adjoining gardens planted with trees, both spacious and pleasing to the sight.”Then there is the monastery garden, quoted often as a “source” of the cottage garden in innumerable histories of gardening. The gardens of the great religious establishments of the eighth and ninth centuries had two origins：St. Augustine, copying the Greek academe did his teaching in a small garden presented to him for that purpose by a rich friend. Thus the idea of a garden-school, which began among the Greek philosopher-teachers, was carried on by the Christian church. In the second place, since one of the charities undertaken by most religious orders was that of healing, monasteries and nunneries needed a garden of medicinal herbs. Such physic gardens were soon supplemented by vegetable, salad and fruit gardens in those monasteries which enjoined upon their members the duty of raising their own food, or at least a part of it. They tended next to develop, willy-nilly into flower gardens simply because many of the herbaceous plants grown for medicinal purposes, or for their fragrance as strewing herbs, had pretty flowers—for example, violets, marjoram, pinks, primroses, madonna lilies and roses．In due course these flowers came to be grown for their own sakes, especially since some of them, lilies and roses notably, had a ritual or religious significance of their own. The madonna lily had been Aphrodite's symbolic flower, it became Mary's; yet its first association with horticulture was economic: a salve or ointment was made from the bulb.Much earlier than is commonly realized, certain monastic gardeners were making remarkable progress in scientific horticulture—for example, in forcing flowers and fruit out of season in cloister and courtyard gardens used as conservatories—which had lessons to teach cottagers as well as castle-dwellers.56．Small city gardens were first established in certain Italian and German cities ______.A．in the central areas, unlike the earlier English gardensB．by citizens whose forebears had obtained permission from the monksC．by citizens who had surplus land by their cottagesD．on lines that anticipated cottage gardens57．What reason is given for the development of gardens in towns?A．There were special market areas in the large towns.B．The medieval citizen could cultivate the plants he wanted.C．The town dwellers longed for the edible wild plants they knew in their youth. D．The market sellers had not enough of their own cultivated herbs for sale. 58．The religious orders had gardens because they ______.A．did their healing in the gardensB．liked their food strongly spiced with herbsC．required them for their healing workD．conducted their teaching mainly out of doors59．Special interest was taken in some plants, because of their ______.A．ancient originB．fragrance when crashedC．association with special seasonsD．beauty and their spiritual associations60．What cottage gardeners could learn from the monasteries was ______. A．how to control growth by special conditionsB．the need for earlier plantingC．how to choose the best plants for that climateD．the need for sheltered conditionsPart ⅣCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even before he is 80, the aging person may undergo another identity crisis like that of adolescence. Perhaps there had also been a middle-aged crisis, but for the rest of adult life he had taken himself for 61 , with his capabilities and failings. Now, when he looks in the mirror, he asks himself, “Is this really me?” —or he avoids the mirror out of distress at 62 it reveals, those bags and wrinkles. In his new makeup he is 63 upon to play a new role in a play that must be improvised. Andre Gide, that longlived man of letters, wrote in his journal, “My heart has remained so young that I have the continual feeling of playing a part, the part of the 70-year-old that I certainly am; and the infirmities and weaknesses that remind me of my age act like a prompter reminding me of my lines when I tend to stray. Then, like the good actor I want to 64 , I go back into my role, and I pride 65 on playing it well.”In his new role the old person will find that he is tempted by new vices, that he receives new compensations (not so widely known), and that he may possibly achieve new virtues. Chief among these is the heroic or merely obstinate refusal to surrender in the 66 of time. One admires the ships that go down with all flags 67 and the captain on the bridge.Among the vices of age are avarice, untidiness, and vanity, which last takes the form of a craving to be loved or simply admired. Avarice is the worst of those three. Why do so many old persons, men and women 68 , insist on hoarding money when they have no prospect of using it and even when they have no heirs? They eat the cheapest food, buy no clothes, and live in a single room when they could afford better lodging. It may be that they regard money as a form of power: there is a comfort in watching it accumulate while other powers are dwindling 69 . How often we read of an old person found dead in a hovel, on a mattress partly stuffed 70 bankbooks and stock certificates? The bankbook syndrome, we call it in our family, which has never succumbed.Part ⅤTranslation(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．Write your English version on ANSWER SHEETⅡ．人们发现，所有在国外旅行的人都根据他们自己的风俗习惯来评价他们的所见所闻和他们所吃的东西。

复旦大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through center.1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.A．plodded B．peeped C．plunged D．peaked2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.A．passed away B．passed off C．passed out D．passed by 3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.A．sagged B．sacked C．saddled D．scored4．Jack would rather his younger sister ______ in the same hospital as he does.A．worked B．works C．to work D．work5．Jane was badly taken in when she paid $ 300 for that second-hand bicycle; it was not worth ______.A．that all much B．all that much C．much all that D．that much all6．A patient crowd had ______ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.A．contracted B．consulted C．contemplated D．congregated 7．UN diplomats are suspicious that the country's ______ weapons programme may be broader than reported.A．flail B．clandestine C．temperate D．fake8．Fortunately the acting and photography are so good that they somehow manage to ______ the limitations of the film plot.A．trace B．transcend C．tranquilize D．trail9．When the report was published, various environmental groups criticized it for being too ______.A．alert B．zealous C．meek D．gregarious10．Her friends helped her ______ after her sister was killed in a car crash.A．pull off B．pull out C．pull through D．pull on11．Nell's father said to him that he was ______ dog to learn new tricks.A．so old a B．a too old C．too old a D．a so old12．The skipper was not willing to risk ______ his ship through the straits until he could see where he was going.A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．being taken13．We were running out of money and things were looking ______.A．grim B．glossy C．gorgeous D．gracious14．If law and order ______ not maintained, neither the citizens nor their properties are safe.A．were B．are C．is D．was15．He saw writers and artists as being important to the state for they could ______.credibility on the regime.A．bestow B．embrace C．disperse D．undertake16．When import taxes on goods are high, there is a greater chance that they will be ______.A．bartered B．counterfeited C．manufactured D．smuggled 17．There's been so little rain, the forest is ______ to go up in flames at any moment.A．precarious B．feeble C．convenient D．liable18．The school's development committee has deliberated the question ______ great length.A．on B．along C．at D．for19．On a Summer evening it is ______ to hear the joyful sound of the shepherd's flute floating across the valley.A．treacherous B．enchanting C．rash D．furtive20．Let's ______ the arrangements with the others before we make a decision.A．talk over B．talk into C．talk down D．talk round21．He'll have to ______ the music when his parents find out he's been missing school.A．listen to B．compose C．face D．play22．Her eyes were shining brightly and her face was suffused ______ color.A．with B．in C．by D．of23．In my opinion Elizabeth and Henry are not ______ friends as lovers.A．too much B．as much C．very much D．so much24．Yesterday my brother ______ with his girlfriend over where to go on holiday.A．fell off B．fell out C．fell away D．fell apart25．The writer ______ the newspaper readers against buying shares without getting good advice first.A．spurred B．menaced C．cautioned D．induced26．Some of his colleagues say he's loud and ______ and that everyone hates him.A．obnoxious B．straightforward C．considerate D．genial 27．She claims that the pressure on public hospitals could be ______ by combining medical resources in the public and private sectors．A．relieved B．replaced C．retrieved D．resurrected28．Please ______ it that the door is locked before you leave.A．see through B．see to C．see into D．see after29．I will ______ you personally responsible if anything goes wrong in this project.A．get B．hold C．let D．have30．The burglars ______ the house but found nothing valuable.A．ransacked B．besieged C．mortgaged D．renovatedPart ⅡReading Comprehension （40 points）Directions：There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.Passage OneNowadays, with plentiful ice and electric churning, few people recall the shared excitement of the era when making ice cream was a rarely scheduled event. Then the iceman brought to the back door, on special order, a handsome 2-foot-square cube of cold crystal and everyone in the family took a turn at the crank. The critical question among us children was, of course, who might lick the dasher. A century or so ago the novelist Stendhal knew only hand-churned ice cream and, when he first tasted it, exclaimed, “What a pity this isn't a sin!”Hand-churning is still tops for perfectionists for no power-driven machine has yet been invented that can achieve a comparable texture. Even French Pot, the very best commercial method for making ice cream, calls for finishing by hand．Ice creams are based on carefully cooked well-chilled syrups and heavy custards, added to unwhipped cream. No form of vanilla flavoring can surpass that of vanilla sugar or of the bean itself, steeped in a hot syrup. If sweetened frozen fruits are incorporated into the cream mixture instead of flesh fruits, be sure to adjust sugar content accordingly.Make up mixtures for chum-frozen ice creams the day before you freeze, to increase fill the container only 3/4 full to permit expansion. To pack the freezer, allow 3 to 6 quarts of chipped or cracked ice to 1 cup of coarse rock salt. Pack about 1/3 of the freezer with ice and add layers of salt and ice around the container until the freezer is full. Allow the pack to stand about 3 minutes before you start turning. Turn slowly at first, about 40 revolutions a minute, until a slight pull is felt. Then triple speed for 5 to 6 minutes. If any additions, such as finely cut candied or flesh fruits or nuts are to be made, do so at this point. Then repack and taper off the churning to about 80 revolutions a minute for a few minutes more. The cream should be ready in 10 to 20 minutes, depending on the quality.If the ice cream or ice is to be used at once, it should be frozen harder than if you plan to serve it later. Should the interval be 2 hours or more, packing will firm it. To pack, pour off the salt water in the freezer and wipe off the lid. Remove the dasher carefully, making sure that no salt or water gets into the cream container. Scrape the cream down from the sides of the container. Place a cork in the lid and replace the lid. Repack the container in the freezer with additional ice and salt, using the same proportions as before. Cover the freezer with newspapers, a piece of carpet or other heavy material.The cream should be smooth when served. If it proves granular, you used too much salt in the packing mixture, overfilled the inner container with the ice cream mixture or turned too rapidly. If you are making a large quantity with the idea of storing some in the deep-freeze, package in sizes you plan on serving. Should ice cream be allowed to melt even slightly and is then refrozen, it loses in volume and even more in good texture.31．In the first paragraph, “took a turn at the crank” could be paraphrased ______.A．“helped to mix the ice cream”B．“ate some ice cream”C．“helped break up the ice with a hammer”D．“protected the ice cream from children”32．According to the writer truly perfect ice cream ______.A．is now common and inexpensive at most storesB．is only possible with hand laborC．should be melted and then refrozenD．needs to be a sin33．When ice cream is being hand-churned it is surrounded by a mixture of ______.A．syrup and cream B．syrup and iceC．salt and ice D．flesh fruit and ice34．In paragraph 4, “taper off” means ______.A．cut up B．stop C．speed up D．slow down35．This passage reflects an era when ______.A．people liked a little salt in their ice creamB．making ice cream was an occasional form of family entertainmentC．ice cream was not popularD．people did not knew now to make cheese with their creamPassage TwoFood and drink play a major role in Christmas celebrations in most countries, but in few more so than in Mexico. Many families over the festive season will do little more than cook and ingest a seemingly constant cycle of tortillas, fried beans, meat both roasted and stewed, and sticky desserts for days on end．Thus does the extended family keep on extending—further and further over their collective waistlines.Lucky them, you might think. Except that Mexico's bad eating habits are leading to a health crisis that most Mexicans seem blissfully unaware of. Obesity and its related disorder, diabetes, are now major health concerns in a country where large rural regions are still concerned more with under- than with over-nourishment. In its perennial rivalry with the United States, Mexico has at last found an area in which it can match its northern neighbor—mouthful for mouthful.The statistics are impressive, and alarming. According to the OECD, Mexico is now thesecond fattest nation in that group of 30 countries A health poll in 1999 found that 35% of women were overweight, and another 24% technically obese. Juan Rivera，an official at the National Institute of Public Health, says that the combined figure for men would be about 55%, and that a similar poll to be carried out next year will show the fat quotient rising. Only the United States, with combined figures of over 60%, is a head.That situation also varies geographically. Although Mexicans populate the north of their country more sparsely than the south, they make up for it weight-wise. A study published by the Pan-American Health Organization a month ago showed that in the mostly Hispanic population that lives on either side of the American-Mexican border, fully 74%of men and 70％of women are either over weight or obese.Moreover, even experts have been surprised by how rapidly the nation has swollen. Whereas the 1999 poll showed 59％of women overweight or obese, only 11 years previously that figure was just 33 %. Nowhere is the transformation more noticeable than in the prevalence of diabetes, closely linked to over-eating and obesity. In 1968, says Joel Rodriguez of the Mexican Diabetes Federation, the disease was in 35th place as a direct cause of mortality in Mexico, but now it occupies first place, above both cancer and heart disease. With about 6.5m diabetics out of a population of 100m, Mexico now has a higher rate than any other large country in the world. Not surprisingly, Mr. Rodriguez argues that Mexi co is in the grip of an “epidemic”.Nor does it tax the brain much to work out that the causes of these explosions in obesity and diabetes are the Mexican diet and a lack of exercise. For most Mexicans, food consumption, not just at Christmas but all year round, is an unvarying combination of refried beans, tortillas, meat and refrescos, or fizzy drinks; they consume 101 liters of cola drinks per person per year, just a little less than Americans and three times as much as Brazilians.Meanwhile, the lack of exercise, Mr. Rivera argues, is a symptom of rapid urbanization over the past 30 years. Obesity and diabetes rates remain slightly lower in rural areas, indicating that manual labor endures as an effective way to stave off weight gain. In Mexico City, though, pollution and crime have progressively driven people out of the parks and the streets, so most now walk as little as possible—preferably no further than from the valet-parking service to the restaurant. To combat the fat, health professionals say that the country must first realize that it is indeed in the grip of an epidemic．Other diseases, such as AIDS and cancer, have captured mostof the publicity in recent years; obesity and diabetes have been comparatively neglected.But these are also, as in other developing countries, mainly problems of the urban poor. It is a symptom of their growing prosperity that these parts of the population have, probably for the first time, almost unlimited access to the greatest amount of calories for the smallest amount of money. But with little knowledge of nutritional values, their diets are now unbalanced and unhealthy.Low-carb products and other dietary imports from the United States have already made an appearance on the posher Mexican supermarket shelves. They may go into be shopping baskets of the rake-thin and utterly unrepresentative models who dominate the country's advertising hoardings. But they are still comparatively expensive. For the heaving mass of the population, things may have to get worse before the government, doctors and consumers realize that things have got to start getting better.36．The phrase “on end” in the first paragraph can be replaced by ______.A．until all been consumed B．uprightC．continuously D．until the last day37．Which of the following sentences is TRUE according to the passage?A．Mexicans are eating a lot because of the country's affluence.B．Mexicans can match Americans in the nourishment of their diet.C．Mexicans only overeat during festive seasons.D．Mexico is now the second fattest nation in this world.38．Judging by the context, the word “perennial” in the second paragraph most probably means ______.A．perpetual B．recurring C．transient D．perilous39．Which is the most significant cause of mortality in Mexico?A．Cancer. B．Heart disease. C．Diabetes. D．Epidemic.40．It is known from the passage that from 1988 to 1999 the figure of women overweight or obese in Mexico rose by ______.A．30% B．26% C．35% D．55%Passage ThreeWhen you are small, all ambitions fall into one grand category：when I'm grown up. When I'm grown up, you say, I'll go up in space. I'm going to be an author. I'll kill them all and thenthey'll be sorry. I'll be married in a cathedral with sixteen bridesmaids in pink lace. I'll have a puppy of my own and no one will be able to take him away.None of it ever happens, of course—or dam little, but the fantasies give you the idea that there is something to grow up for. Indeed one of the saddest things about gilded adolescence is the feeling that from eighteen on, it's all downhill; I read with horror of an American hippie wedding where someone said to the groom (age twenty), “You seem so kind a grown up somehow”, and the lad had to go around seeking reassurance that he wasn't, no, really he wasn't. A determination to be better adults than the present incumbents is fine, but to refuse to grow up at all is just plain unrealism.Right, so then you get some of what you want, or something like it, or something that will do all right; and for years you are too busy to do more than live in the present and put one foot in front of the other; your goals stretching little beyond the day when the boss has a stroke or the moment when the children can bring you tea in bed—and the later moment when they actually bring you hot tea, not mostly slopped in the saucer. However, I have now discovered an even sweeter category of ambition. When my children are grown up …When my children are grown up I'll learn to fly an aer o plane. I will career round the sky, knowing that if I do “go pop” there will be no little ones to suffer shock and maladjustment; that even if the worst does come to the worst I will at least dodge the geriatric ward and all that looking for your glasses in order to see where you've left your teeth. When my children are grown up I'll have fragile, lovely things on low tables; I'll have a white carpet; I'll go to the pictures in the afternoon. When the children are grown up I'll actually be able to do a day's work in day, instead of spread over three, and go away for a weekend without planning as if for a trip to the Moon. When I'm grown up—I mean when they're grown up—I'll be free.Of course, I know it's got to get worse before it gets better. Twelve-year-olds, I'm told, don't go to tend at seven, so you don't even get your evenings; once they're past ten you have to start worrying about their friends instead of simply shooting the intruders off the doorstep, and to settle down to a steady ten years of criticism of everything you've ever thought or done or worn. Boys, it seems, may be less of a trial then girls, since they can't get pregnant and they don't borrow your clothes—if they do borrow your clothes, of course, you've got even more to worry about.The young don't respect their parents any more, that's what. Goodness, how sad,still, likeeating snails, it might be all right once you've got over the idea: it might let us off having to bother quite so much with them when the time comes. But one is simply not going to be able to drone away one’s days, toothless by the fire, brooding on the past.41．What interests the writer about young children is that they ______.A．have so many unselfish ambitions B．have such long-term ambitionsC．don't all want to be spacemen D．all long for adult pleasures42．The writer maintains that fantasies ______.A．satisfy ambition B．lessen ambitionC．stimulate ambition D．frustrate ambition43．What does the writer feel is wrong with the modern generation?A．Their wanting to grow up. B．Their not wanting to grow up.C．Their wanting to improve adults. D．Their not wanting to improve adults.44．The writer feels that as an adult one must ______.A．achieve one's ambitions at all costsB．continue to be ambitiousC．find a compromise between ambition and realityD．give up all one's earlier ambitions45．When the children leave home, the writer thinks that ______.A．there will be compensations B．she will be delightedC．she will be desolated D．there will be nothing to doPassage FourFor years, pediatricians didn't worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it's hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard of side effects could crop up after five or six decades of daily use? The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they'll grow out of this too.Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with high bloodpressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. “No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well,” says Dr. Stephen Daniels, a pediatric cardiologist who led the study at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Ohio. “But it's worrisome.”Who's most at risk? Boys more than girls, especially boys who are overweight. Their heart works so hard to force blood through extra layers of fat that its walls grow more dense. Then, after decades of straining, it grows too big to pump blood very well. Fortunately, the abnormal thickening can be spotted by ultrasound. And in most case, getting that blood pressure under control—through weight loss and exercise or, as a last resort, drug treatment—allows the overworked muscle to shrink to normal size.How can you tell if yours are like the 670,000 American children ages 10 to 18 with high blood pressure? It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery. You should have a test done by a doctor, who will consult special tables that indicate the normal range of blood pressure for a particular child's age, height and sex. If the doctor finds an abnormal result he will repeat the test over a period of months to make sure the reading isn't a fake. He'll also check, whether other conditions, like kidney disease, could he the source of the trouble. Because hypertension can be hard to detect, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute recommends annual blood pressure checks for every child over age 3．About half the cases of hypertension stem directly from kids being overweight. And the problem is likely to grow. Over the past 30 years the proportion of children in the US who are overweight has doubled, from 5 % to 11%, or 4.7 million kids.You can keep your children from joining their ranks by clearing the junk food from your pantry and hooking your kids—the earlier the better—on healthy, attractive snacks like fruits (try freezing some grapes) or carrot sticks with salsa. Not only will they lower your children's blood pressure；these foods will also boost their immune system and unclog their plumbing. Meanwhile, make sure your kids spend more time on the playground than with their Play Station. Even if they don't shed a pound, vigorous exercise will help keep their blood vessels nice and wide, lowering their blood pressure. And of course, they'll be more likely to eat right and exercise if you set a good example.46．This piece of writing is mainly addressed to ______.A．parents B．boys C．gifts D．pediatrician47．The word “unclog” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______.A．fix B．clear C．hinder D．dismantle48．By saying “It's not the sort of thing you can catch by putting your child's arm in a cuff at the free monitoring station in your local grocery”, the writer implies ______.A．hypertension is hard to detectB．children often refuse to have their blood pressure testedC．you'll have to pay a lot of money if you want to have your child's blood pressure checked in a groceryD．in a local grocery, you are free to determine how to have your child's blood pressure examined49．Which of the following is not suggested by the writer to control hypertension?A．Drug treatments. B．Weight loss.C．Exercise. D．Overwork.50．We can conclude from the passage that ______.A．children with hypertension are unlikely to suffer from heart attack and strokeB．parent's blood pressure decides their children's blood pressureC．besides overweight, there are other factors resulting in hypertensionD．vigorous exercise sometimes will lead to heart troublePart ⅢCloze (10 points)Directions：Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on ANSWER SHEET Ⅱ.Even geologist is familiar with the erosion cycle. No sooner has an area of land been raised above sea-level than it becomes subject to the erosive forces of nature. The rain beats down on the ground and washed 51 the finer particles, sweeping them into rivulets and into rivers and out to sea. The frost freezes the rain water in cracks of the rocks and breaks 52 even the hardest of the constituents of the earth's crust. Blocks of rock dislodged at high levels are brought down by the force of gravity. Alternate heating and 53 of bare rock surfaces causes their disintegration. In the dry regions of the world the wind is a powerful force in removing materialfrom one area to another. All this is natural. But nature has also provided certain defensive forces. Bare rock surfaces are in 54 course protected by soil, itself dependent initially on the weathering of the rocks. Slowly 55 surely, different types of soil with differing “profiles” evolve the main types depending primarily on the climate. The protective soil covering, once it is formed, is hold together by the growth of vegetation. Grass and herbaceous plants, 56 long, branching tenuous roots, hold firmly together the surface particles. The 57 is true with the forest cover. The heaviest tropical downpours beating on the leaves of the giant trees reach the ground only 58 spray, gently watering the surface layers and penetrating along the long passages provided by the roots to the lower levels of the soil. The soil, thus protected by grass, herb, or trees, furnishes a quiet habitat for a myriad varied organisms—earthworms that importantly modify the soil, bacteria, active in their work of converting 59 leaves and decaying vegetation into humus and food for the growing plants. Chemical action is constantly taking 60 ; soil acids attack mineral particles and salts in solution move from one layer in the soil to another.Part ⅣTranslation (20 points)Section A (10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into Chinese.Dun took a deep breath, thinking over what had been said and searching in his mind for a possible course of action. Not for the first time in his flying career, he felt himself in the grip of a cute sense of apprehension, only this time his awareness of his responsibility for the safety of a huge, complex aircraft and nearly sixty lives was tinged with a sudden icy premonition of disaster. Was this, then what it felt like? Older pilots, those who had been in combat in the war, always maintained that if you kept at the game long enough you'd buy it in the end. How was it that in the space of half an hour a normal, everyday, routing flight, carrying a crowd of happy football fans, could change into a nightmare nearly four miles above the earth, something that would shriek across the front pages of a hundred newspapers?Section B(10 points)Directions：Put the following passage into English．在美国历史上人们最津津乐道的政治问题恐怕就是法律与秩序。