英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题

上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试C1参考答案SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPART A：Spot Dictation1. produce fuel 2. four main areas3. a possible solution 4. look at the oil crisis5. alternative energy sources 6. fossil fuels7. harnessing of wind and waves 8. human and animal waste9. conversion of plant material 10. a large agriculture sector11. possiblility of using 12. in the production of alcohol13. has fallen dramatically 14. in the last decade15. dependent on 16. using their sugar17. relatively economical 18. other starchy plants19. in tropical countries 20. corn and sugar beetPART B: Listening Comprehension1-5 B D C A B 6-10 D B C A B11-15 C D B A B 16-20 A B B D BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 B C B D B 6-10 C C D B B11-15 D C C B B 16-20 D C B D CSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST对美国文化常见的批评，是说美国人过分热衷于物质产品而忽视人的精神。

据称，美国人只崇拜“万能的美元”。

我们美国人在生活上竞相攀比。

上海英语高级口译证书实考试卷（2010.09）上海英语高级口译证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____________(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____________ every second (2), we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____________(3) and every advance i n technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____________(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____________(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____________(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____________(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____________(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____________(9), to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____________(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____________(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects_____________(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just______________(13), just playing, when it _____________(14) which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to______________(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____________(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you_____________(17) in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____________(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for _____________(19). So Ithink mayb e we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is_____________(20) and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your AN SWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B with Listening Comprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1.(A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2.(A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3.(A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4.(A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5.(A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6.(A) Lending less money to small businesses.(B) Keeping tabs on financial market stability.(C) Improving credit access for all companies.(D) Spotlighting the role big banks could play in the recession.7.(A) To give warnings about a possible failure in global trade talks.(B) To take measures to allay fears of unfair competition.(C) To bring marathon talks in the Doha Round to a close.(D) To increase trade with Latin America.8.(A) Sixty-one.(B) One hundred and three.(C) One hundred and thirty.(D) Two hundred and thirty.9.(A) ￡522 million.(B) ￡671 million.(C) As much profit as one year earlier.(D) 2.8 percent more profit than a year earlier.10.(A) Dispelling fears about the debt crisis.(B) Banning naked short selling of shares.(C) Limiting speculation.(D) Smacking of desperation.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11.(A) A prenuptial agreement.(B) The expenses required by a wedding.(C) How to make both ends meet in married life.(D) Where to seek advice if the couple have problems after getting married.12.(A) The man has been married twice before.(B) The woman has remained single until now.(C) Both people are remarried this time.(D) Both people are first married this time.13.(A) One or both sides have no experience about what goes wrong in a marriage.(B) Both man and wife want to talk about everything openly and honestly.(C) Either the man or his wife thinks their marriage is not very romantic.(D) A person has different expectations from his or her spouse.14.(A) The contract might bother some people.(B) The contract is very useful and romantic.(C) The contract doesn’t take much work to write.(D) The contract has to be certified by a lawyer.15.(A) They think it is a serious breach of the contract.(B) They find a good reason to rewrite the rule.(C) They talk about it and reach a compromise.(D) They have to ask: Is this marriage really working?Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16.(A) Different perceptions of time across cultures.(B) Cross-cultural miscommunications.(C) The idea of the past, present and future time.(D) A fundamental basis for business conversations.17.(A) Mono-chronic time is characterized by many things happeningsimultaneously.(B) Mono-chronic cultures value interpersonal relationships highly.(C) Mono-chronic cultures emphasize schedules, punctuality, and preciseness.(D) Mono-chronic time is found primarily in Latin American and Africancultures.18.(A) Poly-chronic time is found primarily in North America and Northern Europe.(B) Poly-chronism views time as flexible, so preciseness is not that important.(C) Poly-chronic cultures emphasize schedules and punctuality.(D) Poly-chronic cultures value productivity and getting thi ngs done “on time”.19.(A) Those raised in the mono-chronic culture.(B) People who are guilty of ethnocentrism.(C) An American businessperson.(D) A Brazilian businessman.20.(A) It over-emphasizes individual differences.(B) It fails to make his own values central.(C) It is ethnocentric.(D) It is overly general.SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied inthat passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1~5Congress began 2010 with a bad case of legislative deja vu. Last year, it approved a $787 billion stimulus package meant to “create or save” millions of jobs. President Obama says the stimulus has saved or created as many as 2 million jobs so far. But even if that highly optimistic figure is true, in the real world, over 3 million jobs have been lost since the stimulus was signed into law—a dismal feat all financed with enormous debt. Now Congress is working on another stimulus package, but they’re calling it a jobs bill. In December, the House passed a $174 billion “Jobs for Main Street Bill” that would use federal dollars to fund job-creating infrastructure projects, while extending unemployment benefits. Sound familiar?Unemployment remains at about 10 % and state unemployment insurance funds are running out of money. While the Obama administration works to artificially inflate the number of jobs, the unemployed face diminished opportunities and income security. By 2012, 40 state unemployment trust funds are projected to be empty, requiring $90 billion in federal loans to continue operating. Normally, state unemployment benefits pay jobless workers between 50 and 70 % of their salaries for up to 26 weeks. But during this recession, what would be wrong with that? Everything. The state-federal unemployment insurance program (UI) is an economic drag on businesses and states. And it’s a poor safety net for the unemployed.UI, a relic of the Depression, fails workers when they need it most. UI trust funds depend on a state-levied payroll tax on employers. During boom years, these funds are generally flush. But during recessions, they can get depleted quickly. The bind is that to replenish their UI fund, states have to raise payroll taxes. That hurts the bottom line for most businesses. Passed on to workers as a lower salary, high payroll taxes discourage businesses from hiring. During steep recessions, states face a fiscal Catch-22: Reduce benefits or raise taxes. To date, 27 states have depleted their UI funds and are using $29 billion in federal loans they’ll have to start repaying in 2011. Other states are slashing benefits. While federal guidelines recommend that states keep one year’s worth of unemployment reserves, many states entered the recession already insolvent. When federal loans are exhausted, the only option left is higher payroll taxes—a move sure to discourage hiring and depress salaries.The increasingly small and uncertain payouts of UI are the opposite of income security. The effect of UI’s eight-decade experiment has been to condition workers to save less for a “rainy day” and instead rely on a system that provides no guarantee. UI limits personal responsibility to save; gradually, individuals find themselves in financial peril. Real reform requires putting employees in charge with individual private accounts and getting the government out of the business of creating illusionary safety nets.Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts (UISAs), by contrast, give workers control of their own income, eliminating the negative effects of the UI program on businesses and budgets. Adopted by Chile in 2003, UISAs are also financed via a payroll tax on individual workers and employers. The difference is the money is directly deposited into the individual worker’s account. Basically a form of forced savings, UISAs allow individuals to draw on their own accounts during periods of unemployment and roll unused funds into their savings upon retirement. With the burden reduced on employers, wages rise, leading to great er contributions to the individual’s fund. The federal government is removed from the picture. And all workers are guaranteed a savings account upon retirement.UISAs liberate workers from uncertainty and improve incentives. When unemployed workers must rely on their own funds rather than the common fiscal pool, they find jobs faster. Congress’s repeated extensions of the current UI program may be well intended, but they may also be counterproductive. Like any deadline extension, additional jobless benefits diminish the job seeker’s urgency, all at taxpayers’ expense.Today, expanded UI benefits mean higher state payroll taxes, which make it harder for employers to expand hiring or raise wages. UISAs, on the other hand, make the payroll tax on business part of the employer’s investment in an individual worker, rather than a penalty for doing business. In 2010, it’s time to say goodbye e to the problems created by broken policies. Congress should start this decade with a promise for true economic freedom: Let businesses create jobs and let workers keep what they’ve earned.1. According to the author, Congress’s multi-billion stimulus package or jobs bill _______.(A) would not give much help to job-creating infrastructure projects(B) might only temporarily reduce the rate of unemployment(C) would be used to fund the state-federal unemployment insurance program(D) would only drain the UI funds without much help to the unemployed2. By saying “states face a fiscal Catch-22”(para. 8), the author means _______.(A) states could do both of reducing benefits and raising taxes(B) states can increase up to 22% of payroll taxes(C) neither reducing benefits nor raising taxes would be effective(D) state UI funds could easily be empty with more job losses3. According to the passage, UI _______.(A) was established in the most recent economic crisis(B) has been mainly funded by payroll tax on employees(C) would not be exhausted even during steep recessions(D) would not motivate the unemployed to seek jobs urgently4. Which of the following is NOT true about Unemployment Insurance Savings Accounts?(A) Both individual workers and employers contribute to UISAs via payroll tax.(B) UISAs give workers much certainty and improve incentives.(C) In practicing UISAs, the federal government shoulders a heavier responsibility.(D) UISAs greatly reduce the negative effects of UI on employers and businesses.5. Which of the following can serve as a topic for the passage?(A) State unemployment benefits help workers overcome difficulties.(B) US workers need a better safety net for layoffs.(C) Employers’ contribution would only have negative effects.(D) Unemployment benefits should be carried on both federal and state level. Questions 6~10Not so long ago I found myself in characteristically pugnacious discussion with a senior human rights figure. The issue was privacy. Her view was that there was an innate and largely unchanging human need for privacy. My view was that privacy was a culturally determined concept. Think of those open multiseated Roman latrines in Pompeii, and imagine having one installed at work. The specific point was whether there was a generational difference in attitudes towards privacy, partly as a consequence of internet social networking. I thought that there was. As a teenager I told my parents absolutely nothing and the world little more. Some girls of that era might be photographedbare-breasted at a rock festival, but, on the whole, once we left through the front door, we disappeared from sight.My children—Generation Y, rather than the Generation X-ers who make most of the current fuss about privacy—seem unworried by their mother’s capacity to track them and their soci al lives through Facebook. In fact, they seem unworried by anybody’s capacity to seewhat they’re up to—until, of course, it goes wrong. They seem to want to be in sight, and much effort goes into creating the public identity that they want others to see. Facebook now acts as a vast market place for ideas, preferences, suggestions and actings-out, extending far beyond the capacity of conventional institutions to influence. And the privacy issues it raises have little to do with the conventional obsessions such as CCTV or government data-mining.At a conference at the weekend I heard that some US colleges have taken to looking at the Facebook sites of applicants before they think to alter them before an interview. This may turn out to be apocryphal, but such a thing certainly could be done. In this era of supplementing exam grades with personal statements and character assessments, what could be more useful than an unguarded record of a student’s true enthusiasms? My daughter’s college friends, she says, are “pretty chilled” about it. There are the odd occasions when a vinous clinch is snapped on a mobile phone and makes the social rounds to the embarrassment of the clinchers, but what ever will be will be.An EU survey two years ago suggested that this is the pattern more generally. The researchers discovered what seemed to be a paradox: although half of their young respondents were confident in their own ability to protect their online privacy, only a fifth thought it a practical idea to give users in general “more control over their own identity data”. Meanwhile, their elders try to get them concerned about issues such as internet data harvesting by private companies. A US news report last week concerned the work done to create “privacy nudges”—software that reminds users at certain moments that the information they are about to divulge has implications for privacy.I have to say, as someone who often elects to receive online mailshots from companies operating in areas in which I’m interested, that this seems t o me to miss the main problem. As long as you have the right to say “no” to a company’s blandishments, I don’t see a huge problem. That’s why the now notorious Italian bullying video seems much more relevant. At the end of last week three Google employees were sentenced in absentia for breaching the privacy of a handicapped boy, whose horrid treatment at the hands of his Turin schoolmates had been posted on Google Video. This clip spent several months in circulation before being taken down. Almost everyone agrees that the sentence was wrong, perverse and a kick in the teeth for free speech, with implications that could (but won’t ) undermine the internet. And they are quite right. But look at it, for a moment, from the point of view of the boy’s parent, or t he boy himself. They must have felt powerless and damaged. So howmuch control or ownership can one have over one’s own image and reputation? The second great question, then, raised with regard to the net is what might be called “reputation management” Wha t is it that you want people to know about you, and can you have control over it?Last weekend I was alerted to two new phenomena, both of which caused me to miss a heartbeat. The first was the possibility of using a program, or employing someone, to “suicide” you online. Recently a company in Rotterdam used its Facebook presence to advertise its “web 2.0 suicide machine”, which would act as “a digital Dr Kevorkian [and] delete your online presence” not just from your own sites but from everyone else’s—lea ving just a few “last words”. Unfortunately Facebook chucked the suicide machine off its premises, so it then suicided itself, ending with the words “no flowers, no speeches”. As a journalist I was horrified by the implications of online suiciding. In the first place it means the erasure of documentary history. And second it raises the possibility of routine doctoring of material on the internet to render it more palatable to the offended.The second phenomenon was worse. It was that some people, many perhaps, might seek to undermine any informational authority on the web by flooding it with false information, thus obliquely protecting their own identities. As an occasional target of such misinformation, playfully or maliciously, I know it can play merry hel l with everyone’s sense of reality. In other words it seemed to me that there was a threat much worse than that to privacy, and that was of privacy-induced attempts to bend or erase the truth that is essential to the value of the internet. Lack of privacy may be uncomfortable. Lack of truth is fatal.6. By saying “privacy was a culturally determined concept”, the author means _______.(A) he agrees with the opinion of the senior human rights person(B) he holds that human need for privacy is universal and will never be changing(C) he regards that the concept of privacy should also be viewed historically(D) he thinks that the upholding of privacy should be the first and foremost issue7. In the passage, the generational difference in attitudes towards privacy _______.(A) is illustrated through personal experience and observation(B) has no longer existed since the coming of Generation Y and Generation X-ers(C) is inevitably the result of internet social networking(D) is no more than an innate and unchanging human need8. According to the author, the use of the online “suiciding” program _______.(A) would greatly affect the protection of privacy(B) could eliminate documentary history and change material on the internet(C) might persuade more innocent young people to commit suicide(D) will only lead to the malicious destruction of informational authority9. The word “doctoring” in the expression “the possibility of routine doctoring of material on the internet” (para. 14) can be replaced by_______.(A) deceptive altering(B) partial eliminating(C) complete rewriting(D) medical treating10. Which of the following best summarises the main idea of the passage?(A) Protection of personal information is the web’s latest ethical battleground.(B) Generational difference in attitudes towards privacy should be the focus of attention.(C) Online truth is much more important and valuable than privacy.(D) The value of the internet lies in keeping both privacy and truth.Questions 11~15Like the space telescope he championed, astronomer Lyman Spitzer faced some perilous moments in his career. Most notably, on a July day in 1945, he happened to be in the Empire State building when a B-25 Mitchell bomber lost its way in fog and crashed into the skyscraper 14 floors above him. Seeing debris falling past the window, his curiosity got the better of him, as Robert Zimmerman recounts in his Hubble history, The Universe in a Mirror. Spitzer tried to poke his head out the window to see what was going on, but others quickly convinced him it was too dangerous.Spitzer was not the first astronomer to dream of sending a telescope above the distorting effects of the atmosphere, but it was his tireless advocacy, in part, that led NASA to launch the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. Initially jubilant, astronomers were soon horrified to discover that Hubble’s 2.4-metre main mirror had been ground to the wrong shape. Although it was only off by 2.2 micrometers, this badly blurred the telescope’s vision and made the scientists who had promised the world new images and science in exchange for $1.5 billion of public money the butt of jokes. The fiasco, inevitably dubbed “Hubble Trouble” by the press, wasn’t helped when even the limited science the crippled Hubble could do was threatened as its gyroscopes, needed to control the orientation of the telescope, started to fail one by one.By 1993, as NASA prepared to launch a rescue mission, the situation looked bleak. The telescope “probably wouldn’t have gone on for more than a year or two” without repairs, says John Grunsfeld, an astronaut who flew on the most recent Hubble servicing mission. Happily, the rescue mission was a success. Shuttle astronauts installed new instruments that corrected for the flawed mirror, and replaced the gyroscopes. Two years later, Hubble gave us the deepest ever view of the universe, peering back to an era just 1 billion years after the big bang to see the primordial building blocks that aggregated to form galaxies like our own.The success of the 1993 servicing mission encouraged NASA to mount three more (in 1997, 1999 and 2002). Far from merely keeping the observatory alive, astronauts installed updated instruments on these missions that dramatically improved Hubble’s power. It was “as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you back a Lear jet,” says Steven Beckwith, who from 1998 to 2005 headed the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland, where Hubble’s observations are planned. Along the way, in 1998, H ubble’s measurements of supernovas in distant galaxies unexpectedly revealed that the universe is expanding at an ever-increasing pace, propelled by a mysterious entity now known as dark energy. In 2001 the space observatory also managed to make the first measurement of a chemical in the atmosphere of a planet in an alien solar system. Despite its successes, Hubble’s life looked like it would be cut short when in 2004, NASA’s then administrator Sean O’Keefe announced the agency would send no more servicing missions to Hubble, citing unacceptable risks to astronauts in the wake of the Columbia shuttle disaster of 2003, in which the craft exploded on re-entry, killing its crew. By this time, three of Hubble’s gyroscopes were already broken or ailing and no one was sure how long the other three would last. Citizen petitions and an outcry among astronomers put pressure on NASA, and after a high-level panel of experts declared that another mission to Hubble would not be exceptionally risky, the agency reversed course, leading to the most recent servicing mission, in May 2009.No more are planned. The remainder of the shuttle fleet that astronauts used to reach Hubble is scheduled to retire by the year’s end. And in 2014, NASA plans to launch Hubble’s successor, an infrared observatory called the James Webb Space Telescope, which will probe galaxies even further away and make more measurements of exoplanet atmospheres.According to Grunsfeld, now STScl’s deputy director, plans are afoot for a robotic mission to grab Hubble when it reaches the end of its useful life, nudging it into Earth’s atmosphere where most of it would be incinerated. Only the mirror is sturdy enough to survive the fall into an empty patch of ocean.But let’s not get ahead of ourselves—Hubble is far from finished. The instruments installed in May 2009, including the Wide Field Camera 3, which took this image of the Butterfly nebula, 3800 light years away, have boosted its powers yet again. It might have as much as a decade of life left even without more servicing. “It really is only reaching its full stride now, after 20 years,” says Grunsfeld.A key priority for Hubble will be to explore the origin of dark energy by probing for it at earlier times in the universe’s history. Hubble scientist Malcolm Niedner of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, is not willing to bet on what its most important discovery will be. “More than half of the most amazing textbook-changing science to emerge from this telescope occurred in areas we coul dn’t even have dreamed of,” he says. “Expect the unexpected.”11. Robert Zimmerman tells in his book the 1945 anecdote of Lyman Spitzer _______.(A) to commemorate his perilous and dangerous experience in his early days(B) to show how the astronomer made and realized his dream(C) to present an analogy to the hard experiences of the future space telescope(D) to reveal how his dream of sending a telescope into space has materialized12. Which of the following is NOT true about the expression “Hubble Trouble”?(A) It was first coined by newspapers and magazines.(B) It was used to describe the waste of $1.5 billion of public money to make the Hubble.(C) It referred to the wrong shape of the space mirror with a mistake of 2.2 micrometers.(D) It showed the telescope’s blurred vision caused from wrong grinding.13. According to the passage, the astronaut John Grunsfeld flew on the Hubble servicing mission _______.(A) in 2009 flight(B) only in 1993(C) in both 1997 and 1999(D) in all the five flights14. When Steven Beckwith says that it was “as if you took in your Chevy Nova [for repairs] and they gave you back a Lear jet” (para. 6), what he really means is _______.。

2023年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案 2023年3月英语高级口译考试笔试真题+音频+答案英语高级级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation http://tr.hjenglishDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear. the passage ONLY ONCE.I ve been reading some very interesting research recently. It is about how people s moods are_______________(1). In the past decade or so. there has been a great deal of speculation about the relationship between the two. You know, how they always say that people ________________(2) are more outgoing than those from the north. Well, it seems that there ____________(3) in it. Through many years of research, some scientists have been able to show that if you are ______________(4) a certainminimum amount of sunlight only, whether in summer or winter, you may well become _____________(5). A researcher took a group of fifty people living in the northern part of Finland who went to their doctor in the winter months and ___________(6).In that part of Finland, which is a Northern European greater validity, chose as wide________________(7) a day. The researcher, in order to achieve greater validity, chose as wide_______________(8)as he could-theseweremenandwomen, who were ________________(9) and had different j obs or professional careers, as a couple of Americans. Half of the group ______________(12) a regular amount of time on a snubbed and the other half of the group were given some ______________(13) which are used to relieve depression. After the treatment, the snubbed group actually showed a faster and ________________(14) than the pill group. Twenty out of the 25 people in the snubbed group reported that they felt considerably better after only ___________________(15) whereas the same number of people in the pill group said that they_________________(16) after seven days. All of the sunbed group said that they felt considerably better________________(17) of using the suned whereas two of thepill users still claimed that they ________________(18) after six weeks of pill-taking and ten of the pill group still felt marginally better. ________________(19) seemed particularly responsive to the sunbed treatment but there was _________________(20) between the responses ofdifferent nationalities.Part B: Listening Comprehension http://tr.hjenglishDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWERQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following radio programme.1. (A) Because she is too busy finding information in the library.(B) Because she sees the use of the Internet as too great a challenge for her.(C) Because she herself has not yet got connected to the Internet.(D) Because the use of the Internet is not convenient or cheap.2. (A) The places she is particularly interested in.(B) The places she hasjust found that day.(C) Some electronic company sites.(D) Some advertising pages.3. (A) Marvell Electronics. (B) Andrew Marvel.(C) English language pages. (D)The University of California.4. (A) An interactive page.(B) A village in Suffolk.(C) A house surrounded by soldiers and tanks.(D) One of the regiments surrounding a house.5. (A) A little bit sad. (B) Somewhat amused.(C) Quite happy. (D) Very much daunted.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. http://tr.hjenglish6. (A) A big cut in the rate of unemployment.(B) A major increase in military spending.(C) A boost in funding for domestic security.(D) A reduction in government expenditure.7. (A) An agreement on bilateral trade.(B) An agreement to solve controversial labour union issues.(C) A treaty to settle the disputes over theterritorial waters.(D) A basic accord concerning an investment pact.8. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Six. (D) Seven.9. (A) The Indian troops penetrated the Pakistani territory.(B) The Pakistani reserve divisions started to take up battle positions.(C) Both sides called for a temporary 24-hour cease-fire. http://tr.hjenglish(D) The two countries shelled each other s territories.10. (A) A group of five wanted to hijack the plane.(B) A man attempted to blow up the airliner.(C) There was a mechanical fault with one engine.(D) One passenger was found to hold a false passport. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the followinginterview.11. (A) When she was 50.(B) Less than 20 years ago.(C) A little more than 20 years ago.(D) Around 30 years ago.12. (A) They find it difficult to get jobs in law.(B) They can t practice full time.(C) They get married and have children.(D) They find the pay is not competitive.13. (A) She feels that she is helping people solve problems. http://tr.hjenglish(B) She is completely free to schedule her own time.(C) She is amply rewarded through hard work.(D) She thinks that her career wins her high respect.14. (A) Family cases are often reserved for female barristers.(B) Male and female barristers are not treated equally.(C) Barristers have to wear wigs and gowns butsolicitors are not allowed to.(D) Thejob is very demanding on her time.15. (A) The femalejudges are tougher on women than malejudges.(B) The malejudges are not so sympathetic to women as femalejudges.(C) Clients are sometimes trained as to how to behavetowards female barristers.(D) Male and female barristers retire at approximately the same age.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Offering explanations for a broken personality.(B) Advertising a product for relieving depression.(C) Discussing what is responsible for low moods.http://tr.hjenglish(D) Recommending ways to fight bad feelings.17. (A) A radio announcer. (B) A television presenter.(C) A psychiatrist. (D) A magazine editor.18. (A) Loneliness is only something that we sufferfrom sometimes.(B) Only a few people around us feel lonely from timeto time.(C) Lonely people are advised to take some tablets.(D) Eating and drinking at fixed times kill loneliness. http://tr.hjenglish19. (A) Join a local sports club. (B) Attend evening classes.(C) Ask people round to stay with you. (D) Do shopping with new friends.20. (A) Buy a leaflet on loneliness. (B) Send an envelope to Weekly News.(C) Phone the speaker again.这篇文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并分享给更多有需要的人，感谢阅读！。

上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试F1参考答案A 卷参考答案:Part APassage 1:数年前还鲜为人知的电子网络产业，时至今日已成为一个国家国民生活的重要组成部分。

越来越多的人在使用人们所知道的“信息高速公路”。

信息高速公路是一种大规模的全国范围，乃至全球范围电子通信网络系统，可以传送任何形式的记录信息。

∥用户只要在当地“因特网”服务点付费入网，便可在电脑终端机上获取有时事、教育、科研、金融、医疗保健、气象、娱乐、购物等内容的信息。

电子网络产业已经极大地改变并将继续改变我们的生活。

Passage 2:英国希望和中国建立一种面向21 世纪的长期、稳定、友好的合作关系。

英中两国都有古老的文明和相互交往的悠久历史。

自从建交以来，两国在各个领域中的合作取得了卓越的进步。

∥中国在亚洲及国际事务中正发挥越来越重要的作用。

虽然英中两国有着不同的国情、社会制度、文化传统和经济发展水平，但没有根本的利害冲突。

良好的英中合作不仅有利于两国的利益，而且有利于世界和平、稳定和发展。

Part BPassage 1:In terms of Chinese food, it is popularly recognized well knownthat Chinese cuisine isworld-famous for its perfect combination of “color, aroma, taste and appearance”. China’sunique culinary art owes itself to the country’s long history, vast territory and hospitabletradition.∥Chinese cuisine gives emp hasis to the selection of raw materials. The texture of food, theblending of seasonings, slicing techniques, the perfect timing of cooking and the art of laying outthe food on the plate. Among the best-known schools of Chinese culinary tradition are theCantonese. Shandong. Huai-Yang and Sichuan cuisines, traditionally known as “the light flavorof the south, the salty flavor of the north, the sweet flavor of the east and the spicy-hot flavor ofthe west”.Passage 2:Panzhihua, once a poverty-stricken minority area in southern Sichuan Province, hasdeveloped into one of China’ major iron and steel and hydropower bases after three decades ofefforts. The city, located on the boundary of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, has abundantmineral and hydropower resources.∥The construction of the Panzhihua Iron and Steel Co., a key state project with an annualoutput of 3 million tons of steel, hasfundamentally changed the area’s outlook.Besides,Panzhihua enjoys a sub-tropical climate; so it is endowed with excellent and unique conditionsfor developing agriculture.口译题录音文字稿：Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at thesignal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:The electronic network industry, which was virtually unknown years ago, has become avital part of a country’s national life. More and more people are making use of what is popularlyknown as the “information superhighway”. Information superhighway is a large-scalenationwide, or worldwide, electronic communications network system, capable of transmittingjust about any fo rm of recorded data.∥By subscribing to a local Internet service, a user can obtain information from the computerterminal, including information from the computer terminal, including information about currentevents, education.Scientific research, finance, medical care, weather, entertainment andshopping. The electronic network industry has dramatically changed, and will continue tochange, the way we live.Passage 2:Britain wishes to establish a long-term, stable and friendlyco-operative relation with Chinathat is oriented towards the 21st century. Britain and China have ancient civilizations and a longhistory of mutual exchanges. Remarkable progress has been made in cooperation in variousfields since the two countries established diplomatic ties.∥China is playing an increasingly important role in Asian and international affairs, andalthough Britain and China have different national conditions, social systems, cultural traditionsand levels of economic development, there is no fundamental conflict of interest. The improvedBritish-Chinese cooperation serves not only the interests of the two nations, but also those ofworld peace, stability and development.Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heardeach passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...andstop it at thesignal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:说起中餐，人们都知道中餐烹饪以其“色、香、味、形”俱全而著称于世。

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once. While listening to the talk, you may take notes no the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. Youare required to write ONE word or figure only in each lank. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.Advertising is important to companies because no company can make a ________(1) onany product unless it advertises it first in the ____________(2). There are three categories of media: print, broadcast and __________(3). The print media consist of newspapers and________(4). Newspaper ads can reach large numbers of people, but they are not very___________(5) or glamorous. Magazine advertisement allows a business to direct its ads to the people who are most ___________(6) in the product, but it can be very expensive. The broadcast media include __________(7) and television. Of all the media, television is the most dramatic. so television ads are easy to __________(8).What's more, almost everybody watches TV, and most TV programmes are broadcast_______(9). TV ads are viewed by millions of people all over the country. TV advertisement is enormously ___________(10).The most common direct medium is the __________(11). The advantage is that the ad goes directly in the ___________(12) customer's hands. But these ads are often calle d “________(13) mail”, and are thrown away without being ___________(14).Another direct medium is _____________(15), those huge signs on the street. The messageon billboards is ____________(16), but it has to be very _________(17). The third type of direct medium is signs and ____________(18), which are usually used in point of purchase advertising and can be found in ______________(19) and shop windows. The advantage is that they are______________(20).Part B: Listening and TranslationⅠSentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (2)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (3)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (4)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ (5)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write you version inthe corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _________(2)___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _________SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer INCOMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～3A “Campaign for Real Braille” has been set up after pl ans to introduce capital letters intothe braille alphabet have split the blind community.The Braille Authority of the United Kingdom (BAUK) has announced that by 2000it is introducing capital letters into a code which has previously only used lower-case characters. Supporters say that it is necessary because of the increasing use of capitals as abbreviations,as well as their use in e-mail addresses. It will also bring the UK in line with otherEnglish-speaking countries.But opponents, such as Sara Morgan, the 25-year-old founder of the campaign, argue it will push up costs and make books more cumbersome. “There aren't many industries where they actively make costs go up,” she said. “What I think in particularly ironic, though, is the factthis is going to come in at the same time as the Disability Discrimination Act. So, just as we're asking restaurants to provide braille menus we're making it more expensive to do so.”Braille, devised by Louis Braille in the 19th century is based upon a system of six raiseddots arranged to represent each character in the alphabet and several short-form words. Around 12,000 people use braille in this country.BAUK said that it took the decision to go-ahead with plans to introduce capitals after a questionnaire completed by 1,200 braille readers showed that a majority was in favour of change.The secretary of BAUK, Stephen Phippen, said: “The reason the decision was made wason the basis of the questionnaire, answered by individual members, not on what BAUK thought.”Overall 46 per cent of people were in favour of introducing a capital letter sign wherever a capital letter appears in print and just under 30 per cent were against. Among the respondents classing themselves as visually impaired (those who have some ability to read by sight) it was more popular compared to those who can read braille only by touch.Ms Morgan said the figures showed “there wasn't even a majority”. But Mr. Phippen said:“Those in favour were more or less 50 per cent. Those against were roughly half that. So twice as many people are in favour as against.”A spokesman for the National Library for the Blind said a survey done by it in 1994/5found readers were not in favour. The results of the BAUK survey however convinced them, and a spokesman said the y would implement the change.“We recognise there are advantages and disadvantages and we shall be working with our readers to help them understand how this symbol will operate,” he said.The introduction of capital letters is projected to take place by the end of 1999.“There are pros and cons,” admits Mr. Phippen. “But it should be noted that we are theonly English speaking country which has not yet introduced capital letters and of all the other countries which have not one has regretted it and tried to move back.”However Ms Morgan added: “We are determined to fight it all the way. They have got tostop trampling over people's rights.”1. Give a brief introduction of Braille system.2. What is the major issue discussed in the passage?3. what can be learned from Mr. Phippen's talk?Questions 4～6Modern woman may be better educated, have a better job and earn more money than her grandmother ever dream of, but in one way he life remains the same—eight out of ten women still do the household chores.Only 1 per cent of men say they do the washing and ironing or decide what to have for dinner. The only area where average man is more likely to help out is with small repairs around the house.The report Social Focus on Women and Men, by the Office for National Statistics, foundthat attitudes to women working have changed drastically over the past decade. Whereas in 1987 more than half of men and 40 per cent of women agreed with the statement, “A husband's job is to earn the money, a wife's job is to look after th e home and family”, that view had halved among both sexes by 1994.The numbers agreeing strongly with the statement, “A job is all right but what mostwomen really want is a home and children”, had also halved from 15 pre cent to 7 per cent of men feeling that way and 12 per cent to5 per cent of women.Women's increased participation in the world of work has been one of the most striking features of recent decades. Nearly half of all women aged 55 to 59 have no qualifications. But their granddaughters are outperforming their male peers across the board, and from1989overtook boys at A-levels.Gender stereotypes persist at this level of education, however, with more than three-fifths of English entrants being female, wile a similar proportion of maths entrants are male. A greater number of boys take physics and chemistry whereas girls predominate in social sciences and history.The explosion in higher education means there was a 66 per cent increase in number offemale undergraduates and a 50 per cent increase in the number of male undergraduates between 1990-91 and 1995-96.Women are also making breakthroughs in specific are4as of employment. Women nowform a slight majority among new solicitors although they make up only one-third of all solicitors. Since 1984 the number of women in work has risen by 20 per cent to 10.5 million. But when it comes to pay, they still lag behind their male peers. Women earn on average 80per of what men do per hour. They are also far more likely to work part-time or with temporary contracts.Part of the reason for this is because women still take the main role in childcare, althoughthey are more likely to work than in the past. The number of mothers with children under five doubled between 1973 and 1996. And the number of women who return to work within nine to eleven months of the birth increased dramatically. In 1974, only 24 per cent of women returned in this period compared with 67 per cent in 1996.The relationship between the sexes has also seen changes. Seven in ten first marriages arenow preceded by cohabitation compared with only one in twenty first marriages in themid-1960s. Since 1992 women in their early thirties have been more likely to give birth than those in their early twenties, although the fertility rate is still highest among those aged 25 to 29.4. What is the theme of the passage?5. What are gender stereotypes? List the gender stereotypes at the level of higher education discussed in the passage.6. What are the major changes concerning the status of women in Britain?Questions 7～10A new form of cloning to provide every baby with an embryonic “twin”, from which spare body parts could be grown and life threatening diseases treated is expected to be approved within weeks by senior government advisers on medical ethics.If their report is accepted by ministers, it would mean that Britain—which 20 years ago pioneered the test tube baby and last year produced Dolly, the world's first cloned mammal—could be the first to clone a human embryo.A working party from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and the Human Genetics Advisory Commission is expected to come down firmly against reproductive cloning, the process of replicating a living human being. It is expected to recommend government support of so called stem cells, stem cells, are extracted and used to grow spare parts, treat diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's or address the debilitating effects of cancer, strokes and heart attacks.Dr. Austin Smith, the scientist likely to be granted the first licence for the work, said thatwithin the next 12 years it would be routine for every baby to have an embryonic clone.“All it takes now is financial investment,” said Smith, director of Edinburgh University's centre for genome research. The crucial discovery of embryonic stem cells, from which skin, bone. muscles, nerves and vital organs grow, was made earlier this month by scientists in America.In a submission to the HFEA, Smith said that in order to isolate these cells it is only necessary for the embryo to develop in the laboratory for six days, well within the 14-day limit of current regulation.The cells would then be grown and manipulated to make anything from blood or brain cellsto tissue for repairing damaged organs and, ultimately, parts that could be transplanted without fear of the host body rejecting them.The development is likely to meet strong opposition from the church. Dr. Donald Bruce, creating an embryo in the knowledge that it would then be destroyed was “very disturbing” to most people.Father Paul Murray, secretary to the Catholic bishops joint bio-ethics committee, said that whatever the potential benefits, it should be regarded as “intrinsically evil” because the research depended on the use of foetal material.However, Professor Christine Gosden, professor of genetic medicine at Liverpool University, one of the four senior government advisers on the cloning sub-committee, said there would be no opportunity for abuse.For many years, patients with Parkinson's disease who did not respond to drugs have been treated with brain cells extracted from aborted foetuses, a practice approved by a committee led by the Rev Dr. John Polkinghorne, the prominent ethicist.Gosden said the arguments for the use of aborted foetal cells and therapeutic cloning were similar: “Before you have a disease, it is easy to say, ‘I would not use cells derived from a foetus’, but if you suffer from that disease, and that is your only hope, your approach can be quite different.”7. What is the new form of cloning discussed in the passage? What is the purpose of such cloning?8. Summarise the different views on baby cloning discussed in the passage.9. Explain the statement “All it takes now is financial investment.” (para.6)10. What is the significance of the discovery of embryonic stem cells?SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.十月的上海，阳光明媚，秋高气爽，来自35 个国家和地区的1300余名比赛选手参加了在沪举行的本世纪最后一届世界中学生运动会。

2023年3月上海市高级口译资格第一阶段笔试真题试卷及答案第一部分：听力理解题目一音频播放内容：请听第一段对话，回答第1至2小题。

W: Could you please tell me how to get to the nearest post office?M: Sure. Go straight along this street until you reach the traffic lights. Then turn left and you'll see the post office on your right.W: Thanks for your help.W: Excuse me, is the post office still open at this time?M: I'm not sure. You can call them to check.W: OK, thanks again.M: No problem.问题：1. Where is the nearest post office?2. How can the woman confirm if the post office is still open?答案：1. On the right, after turning left at the traffic lights.2. By calling the post office.题目二音频播放内容：请听第二段对话，回答第3至4小题。

W: Have you seen the weather forecast for tomorrow?M: No, I haven't. What did it say?W: It said it'll be sunny in the morning, but it might rain in the afternoon.M: I hope it stays sunny. I have plans for a picnic.W: Let's keep an eye on the weather. We can always reschedule if needed.M: That's true. Thanks for letting me know.M: Anyway, do you want to go get some ice cream later?W: Sure, that sounds great!问题：3. What does the weather forecast say about tomorrow?4. What are the speakers planning to do if the weather changes?答案：3. Sunny in the morning, but possibly rain in the afternoon.4. They will reschedule their picnic plans if needed.第二部分：阅读理解文章一The Benefits of Regular ExerciseRegular exercise is essential for maintaining good physical and mental health. Here are some of the key benefits:2. Disease Prevention: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes.3. Mental Well-being: Exercise releases endorphins, which are known as the "feel-good" hormones. It helps reduce stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting better mental health.4. Improved Sleep: People who exercise regularly tend to have better sleep quality, allowing them to feel more rested and energized during the day.5. Increased Energy Levels: Engaging in physical activity boosts energy levels and reduces fatigue. Regular exercise improves overall stamina and endurance.In conclusion, incorporating regular exercise into one's lifestyle brings numerous benefits to both physical and mental well-being. It is important to make time for exercise and prioritize it as a part of a healthy routine.问题：5. What is one of the benefits of regular exercise mentioned in the passage?6. What are endorphins known for?答案：5. Weight management and prevention of obesity.6. Endorphins are known as the "feel-good" hormones.文章二The Impact of Air Pollution on HealthAir pollution is a significant environmental issue that poses risks to human health. Here are some of the ways air pollution can affect our well-being:1. Respiratory Problems: Exposure to pollutants in the air can lead to respiratory issues, such as asthma and bronchitis. Long-term exposure can cause permanent lung damage.2. Cardiovascular Diseases: Air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. Fine particles in the air can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart and blood vessels.4. Premature Death: Studies have shown that long-term exposure to air pollution can shorten life expectancy. The pollutants in the air contribute to various health conditions that can lead to premature death.In order to protect our health, it is crucial to take measures to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.问题：7. What are some health problems associated with air pollution according to the passage?8. What can be done to protect our health from air pollution?答案：7. Respiratory problems, cardiovascular diseases, allergies and irritations, and premature death.8. Measures should be taken to reduce air pollution and improve air quality.。

上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试G1参考答案参考答案:SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. finish training 2. no atmosphere3. football players 4. Team spirit5. motivate the team 6. as individuals7. put too much pressure on them 8. too tense9. giving people autonomy 10. very rarely interfere11. on their results 12. keep on employint them13. making more substitutions 14. leave them alone15. don’t feel 16. want to discuss it17. in a couple of days’ time 18. fight back19. down to your attitude 20. waste my time on themPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B C C D 6-10 C D A B C11-15 C A D D B 16-20 B B C C ASECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 D A C B D 6-10 D C A B B11-15 D B B D C 16-20 D B C D BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST对家庭未来的担忧，其主要来源不是根植于现实，而是根植于文化上理想化的期望与现实本身之间的紧张关系。

对一种已失落的家庭传统的怀念（实际上，这种家庭传统从未存在过）影响了我们对现代社会家庭状况的了解。

因此，时下对家庭命运的担忧，不仅反映出家庭里的问题，而且也反映了对其他社会问题各种各样的忧虑，而这些社会问题最终都投射到家庭上。

高级口译笔试真题第一部分：听力(30分钟，50分)SECTION 1 LISTENING TEST 45 minutesPart A Spot dictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second. We’ve got computers and laptops. We’ve got personal organizers. And we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advancing technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are thought of over-whelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we now have to go through? We are not becoming a race of global idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen emails in 5 minutes or to fill out maybe big aptitude text. That’s enhanced.But when someone is out there with his kids laying in his little league, or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket, he is always wondering: “Jeez, did I get a voicemail?”This might have negative effects on our own brains patterns. Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing. When it puts together ideas which you haven’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a business person but you have time to read a book about history or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago, or something or some ideas, some default of long ago.Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way. And so if this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, feeds your creativity, and if your mind is disciplined to answer every email, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling, you don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we are getting smarter in some senses, but over communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B Listening ComprehensionQuestions1-20省略第二部分：客观阅读(30分钟，50分)SECTION 2 READING TEST 30 minutesDirections: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions1-15省略第三部分：英汉翻译(30分钟，50分)SECTION 3 TRANSLATION TEST 30 minutesDirections: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.During the term of this Contract, all technical documentation, including but not limited to manufacturing technologies, procedures, methods, formulas, data, techniques and know-how, to be provided by one Party to the other shall be treated by the recipient as "Confidential Information". Each Party agrees to use Confidential Information received from the other party only for the purpose contemplated by this Contract and for no other purposes. Confidential Information provided is not to be reproduced in any form except as required to accomplish the intent of, and in accordance with the terms of, this Contract. Title to such information and the interest related thereto shall remain with the provider all the time.Each Party shall provide the same care to avoid disclosure or unauthorized use of the other Party’s Confidential Information as it provides to protect its own similar proprietary information. Confidential Information must be kept by the recipient in a secure place with access limited to only such Party’s employees or agents who need to know such information for the purpose of this Contract and who have similarly agreed to keep such information confidential pursuant to a written confidentiality agreement which reflects the terms hereof. The obligations of confidentiality pursuant to this Article shall survive the termination or expiration of this Contract for a period of five (5) years.参考译文省略第四部分：听力(30分钟，50分)SECTION 4 LISTENING TEST 30 minutesPart A Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.Today my topic is cultures and traditional holidays.Holiday are special times of respite from work and other routines. In some cases, they are legal holidays when stores, businesses and government offices are officially closed. In other cases, they are celebrated without taking time off from work. Holidays are often times for celebration, revelry, eating, drinking, travel, and family gatherings, but they may also be times of rest and reflection. The current trend is away from rest and reflection, Even Mardi Gras, the day before the traditionally reflective period of Lent, has turned into an entire week of parties, parades and merry-making for those who make the annual pilgrimage to New Orleans, for example.In most cultures the scheduling of holidays originally was related to the seasons, the lunar cycle, and religion, Christmas (December 25) celebrates the birth of Jesus, but it is not actually known whether Jesus was born in the wintertime. The first Roman emperor to espouse Christianity decided to have Christmas when the days are shortest to bring a spirit of optimism to the long winter months. It also helped bring Christianity to the pagans, who were accustomed to having festivals at the winter solstice, encouraging warmth and sunshine to return. Over the years Christmas has come to symbolize goodwill and generosity for both Christians and non-Christians through the personificationof Santa Claus, originally a Christian saint, known as St,Nicholas. Nowadays Rudolph the red-nosed reindeer is almost as important a global symbol of Christmas as Jesus or Santa and the commercialization of Christmas threatens to replace generosity with greed. Many people forget that the original Christmas gifts were given by the Three Wise Men, all pagans, to Jesus, a Jewish child born in a manger. All they think of are the gifts they will give or receive, and all the money they have spent.One reason for the increasing popularity of Christmas is its proximity to New Year’s Day, encouraging a long holiday to evolve out of both. In the U,S., the holiday has turned into an extended holiday season, lasting from Thanksgiving Day in late November until New Year’s Day, with a seemingly endl ess array of parties, dinners, concerts, parades, and vacation trips. The schools and colleges are closed from mid-December through early January while many people eat too much, drink too much, and watch too much American football on TV. Many gifts, cards, and annual newsletters are exchanged, and the various festivities are not always very restful. Then the same people make New Year’s Resolutions to eat less, drink less, spend less, and work harder in the coming year.Christmas is by far the most important holiday in English-speaking countries. Other important holidays in addition to Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day are Valentine’s Day, St.Patrick’s Day, April Fools’ Day, and Easter. On Valentine’s Day, celebrated on February 14, people give cards, chocolates, flowers, and kisses to their spouses and sweethearts. On St.Patrick’s Day, March 17, people wear green to celebrate the luck of the Irish, and eat corned beef and cabbage washed down with green beer. During Easter Week in late March or early April,Christians remember the death and resurrection of Jesus while Jews celebrate Passover, in memory of the escape of the Jews from ancient Egypt, where they had been slaves. Although it is not actually a holiday and has no religious connotation, April Fools’ Day,celebrated on April 1, is a day when people play embarrassing tricks on their friends and colleagues and even on their teachers. Another holiday with some similarity to April Fools’ Day is Halloween on October 31,when children wear funny or scary costumes and ask their neighbors for, “tricks or treats”, The name Halloween means, hallowed evening”, the night before All Saints’ Day when Christian saints are honored. On the following day, All Souls’ Day, services and prayers are said for the dead. In many countries, it is a day when families visit cemeteries and place flowers on the tombs of their relatives. In Europe, Labor Day is celebrated on May 1, whereas in Canada and the United States, labor and laborers are honored by a legal holiday on the first Monday in September.Part B Listening and TranslationI. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. 原文：The biggest challenge facing us now is to improve the quality of life in cities, because sadly, cities don’t always offer the economic security, the safety or the comfort they promise.译文：现在我们面临的最大挑战是提高城市生活质量,因为令人遗憾的是，城市并不总能提供所允诺的经济保障，安全或者舒适。

英语高级口译资格证书第一阶段考试昂立模拟考试(2008年9月)试卷二TEST BOOK 2SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking And Gap-fillingDirections:In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talkPer capita water usage has been (1) ________ for many years. Annual per capita water withdrawals in the USA, for example, are about 1,700 cubic metres, which is (2) ________ times the level in Ethiopia. In the 21st century, the world's (3) ________ supply of renewable fresh water has to meet demands of both larger total population and increased per capita (4) ________. Agriculture consumes about 70% of the world's fresh water, so improvements in (5) ________ can make the greatest impact. (6) ________ is the second biggest user of water. Some industrial processes use vast amounts of water, for example, (7) ________ production is often very water-intensive. Though new processes have greatly reduced consumption, there is still plenty of room for big (8) ________ in industry. In rich countries, water consumption has gradually been slowed down by (9) ________ increases and the use of (10) ________. In the USA, industrial production has risen fourfold since 1950, while water consumption has fallen by more than (11) ________. Many experts believe that the best way to counter the water (12) ________ is to impose water charges based on the (13) ________ cost of supplies. This would provide a powerful (14) ________ for consumers to introduce water-saving processes and recycling. Few governments charge realistic prices for water, especially to (15) ________. In many (16) ________ countries there is virtually no charge for irrigation water. One way to (17) ________ water resources is simply to prevent leaks in pipes, dripping (18) ________ and broken installations. Another way involves better management of the environment generally. (19) ________ can have a severe effect on local rainfall. Global warming is bound to affect rainfall patterns, though there is considerable disagreement about its precise (20) ________.Part B: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write yourversion in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 English passages. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-3The search for happiness is becoming more scientific. But does that make it any more accurate than it used to be? Two books explore a growth industryThe World Database of Happiness, in Rotterdam, collects all the available information about what makes people happy and why. According to the research, married, extroverted optimists are happier than single, pessimistic introverts, and Republicans are happier than Democrats. Nurses enjoy life more than bankers, and it helps to be religious, sexually active and a college graduate with a short commute to work. The wealthy experience more mirth than the poor, but not much. Most people say they are happy, but perhaps that is because they are expected to be.Having long ignored the subject, psychologists, economists and social scientists are now tackling happiness with zeal, particularly in America. Mostly this involves examining why peopleare not as happy as they should be, given the unprecedented access to freedom, opportunities and riches. Because happiness is now considered more an entitlement than a pursuit among citizens of prosperous countries, unhappiness has become a sign of failure, of weakness, and a prime source of dread. “Happy, you might say, is the new sad,” writes Eric Weiner in “The Geography of Bliss”, the latest contribution to the expanding field of positive psychology.A reporter for National Public Radio and a self-proclaimed unhappy person, Mr. Weiner used the Rotterdam database to find out where the happiest people live. He then traveled to these places in search of the secrets of contentment. “Are you happy?” he asks the locals of Iceland, Thailand, India and the Netherlands. “Have you seen our public toilets?” replies a man in Switzerland, one of the happiest countries. “They are very clean.” (Also the landscape is gorgeous, the trains prompt, the government attentive and the unemployment rate low.) In Qatar, a land of cartoonish opulence where happiness is seen as God's will, Mr Weiner's question is met with cringes; one of those asked suggests he “should become a Muslim” in order to know happine ss. In mellow Thailand everyone is “too busy being happy to think about happiness.”Mr. Weiner offers colorful observations, even when he samples hakarl, or rotten shark, an Icelandic speciality. Yet he chronicles his travels with a wearying feather-light jocularity, prizing one-liners over lucid analysis. And he fails to provide footnotes to his sources, despite relying simply on his “journalist's instincts”.Still, there is insight amid the anecdotes. Mr Weiner learns that the world's happiest places (such as Iceland and Switzerland) are often ethnically homogeneous even if they have high suicide rates. The least happy places (such as Moldova) are often former Soviet republics, where new political freedoms are undercut by general mistrust, nepotism, corruption and envy. For the British, happiness is a suspicious transatlantic import (“We don't do happiness,” quips one chap). While Americans, who “work longer hours and commute greater distances than virtually any other people in the world”, struggle hardest to be happy, and are often blind to their own failure; perhaps because the pursuit of happiness is an “inalienable right” in America.In any event, it is this “American obsession with happiness” that Eric Wilson lambasts in his slim polemic, “Against Happiness”. An English professor at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, Mr Wilson has crafted a tirade against the country's “wanton” embrace of “manic bliss”. He sounds a shrill alarm: “We are right at this moment annihilating melancholia,” he declares, which will deprive us of the creativity, genius and intellectual brilliance that come from this gloom. To experience beauty and lightness, we must also have death and darkness. But with anti-depressants, high-tech gadgets and botox, America is desperately trying to create “a brave new world of persistent good fortune, joy without pain, felicity with no penalty.”Given America's shift into positive-psychology overdrive, a thoughtful critique of this solipsistic grasping is welcome. Alas, Mr Wilson's is not that critique. Instead, it is an angry, emotional and often repetitive attack on a host of targets, including consumer culture (“happiness through acquisition”), the church (“happiness companies”), politics (“we blithely cheer its increasing demise”) and, most of all, those bland, robotic happy types, with their “paper-thin minds”. But who are these heartland Americans who are unable to feel pain and sadness? How did he find them? The author's self-serving indictment seethes with malevolence.Mr Wilson seems to be overlooking the fact that America's growing self-help industrial complex does not indicate “flaccid contentment” but its absence. As Mr Weiner writes, since 1960 America's “divorce rate has doubled, the teen-suicide rate tripled, the violent-crime ratequadrupled, and the prison population quintupled.” Also depression, anxiety and other mental-health problems are on the rise, ensuring there will be plenty of melancholic types to write poetry and compose music for some time. There is certainly little risk of eradicating the blues. As Eric Hoffer, an American social philosopher, once observed: “The search for happiness is one of the chief sources of unhappiness.”1. What does the author mean by “the search for happiness is becoming more scientific” (Para.1)? Give a list of some of the conclusions of the “scientific search”.2. According to Mr. Weiner’s travel and research, what are the characteristics of the places wherethe happiest people live?3. Give a brief introduction to Eric Wilson’s book “Against Happiness”.Questions 4-6For fans, it is the biggest scandal since Gonch Gardner made off with Mr Bronson's toupee at the swimming pool. “Grange Hill”, a BBC children's television drama about an inner-city school and its raucous pupils, is getting a makeover as it celebrates its 30th anniversary this year. Formerly stuffed with edgy teenage storylines—drugs, gangs, pregnancy and so on—the next series will instead follow a younger cast, pitching more innocent plotlines to an audience of under-12s. Blasphemy, according to the programme's creator, Phil Redmond, who says it would be better for the series to “hang up its mortar board”.The squeezing out of original programming for teenage viewers is one unexpected early consequence of the arrival of multi-channel digital television. Children are among the most eager adopters of digital TV, and now spend 82% of their viewing time on specialist digital channels rather than the old analogue five. Their parents are happy to indulge them: 90% of households with children have multi-channel television, against 76% of childless homes. More channels have meant lots more choice: some 113,000 hours of children's programmes were broadcast in 2006, compared with 20,000 in 1998.But there is a catch: nearly all of this is either imported or repeated. By 2006 only 1% of children's broadcasting consisted of original material made in Britain. Increased competition for viewers from the new channels, as well as bans on advertising junk food during children's shows, has made it unprofitable to commission expensive new children's programmes. Britain's main commercial broadcasters have halved their investment in children's shows since 1998.Pre-schoolers are getting the lion's share of what is left, partly because they are more likely to watch with their parents, whom advertisers will pay more to reach. The BBC, which is funded by a tax on households with televisions, has managed to increase its spending on children's programmes—yet it too seems to be focusing on younger kids. Its children's service, which used to cater for under-16s, was redefined in 2006 to attract under-12s away from competitors such as Disney and Nickelodeon. Programmes for older children, such as “Grange Hill”, are having to soften their content accordingly. A new teenagers' brand, BBC Switch, was launched in October, but its output is slim and mainly on the web, where Beeb bosses reckon teenagers now lurk. The television-minded among the over-12s are increasingly left to watch adult-oriented programmes or imports for children.Does it matter if young people come to consume almost exclusively television programmes that are made abroad? It might. “Grange Hill” and its ilk tackle awkward subjects that foreignseries tend to shy away from, and in a British context that makes them more real to British children. And television helps to mould national identity. Most Britons under 40 can remember “Grange Hill” teachers as vividly as their own, and in some circles few things garner more respect than a “Blue Peter” bad ge. Finally, exporting programmes is a form of soft power. Big Bird is more famous than Condoleezza Rice; Britain's best ambassadors could well be the Teletubbies.4. What is “Grange Hill”? Why does the author mention it at the beginning of the passage?5. Paraphrase the sentence “pre-schoolers are getting the lion’s share of what is left”. (Para. 4)6. Why does the author say “Big Bird is more famous than Condoleezza Rice; Britain’s bestambassadors could well be the Teletubbies”, (Para. 5)?Questions 7-10“T his paper is the manifestation of a guilty conscience.” With those words, Paul Krugman began the recent presentation of his new study of trade and wages at the Brookings Institution. Mr. Krugman, a leading trade economist, had concluded in a 1995 Brookings paper that trade with poor countries played only a small role in America's rising wage inequality, explaining perhaps one-tenth of the widening income gap between skilled and unskilled workers during the 1980s. Together with several studies in the mid-1990s that had similar findings, Mr. Krugman's paper convinced economists that trade was a bit-part player in causing inequality. Other factors, particularly technological innovation that favored those with skills, were much more important.At some level that was a surprise. In theory, although trade brings gains to the economy as a whole, it can have substantial effects on the distribution of income. When a country with relatively more high-skilled workers (such as America) trades with poorer countries that have relatively more low-skilled workers, America's low skilled will lose out. But when the effect appeared modest, economists heaved a sigh of relief and moved on.In recent years, however, the issue has returned. Opinion polls suggest that Americans have become increasingly convinced that globalization harms ordinary workers. As a commentator, Mr. Krugman has become more sk eptical. “It's no longer safe to assert that trade's impact on the income distribution in wealthy countries is fairly minor,” he wrote on the VoxEU blog last year. “There's a good case that it is big and getting bigger.” He offered two reasons why. First, more of America's trade is with poor countries, such as China. Second, the growing fragmentation of production means more tasks have become tradable, increasing the universe of labor-intensive jobs in which Chinese workers compete with Americans. His new paper set out to substantiate these assertions.That proved hard. Certainly, America's trade patterns have changed. Poor countries' share of commerce in manufactured goods has doubled. In contrast to the 1980s, the average wage of America's top-ten trading partners has fallen since 1990. All of which, you might think, would increase the impact of trade on wage inequality.But by how much? If you simply update the approach used in Mr. Krugman's 1995 paper to take into account today's trade patterns, you find that the effect on wages has increased. Josh Bivens, of the Economic Policy Institute, a Washington, DC, think-tank, did just that and found that trade widened wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers by 6.9% in 2006 and 4.8% in 1995. But even with that increase, trade is still far from being the main cause of wage inequality. Lawrence Katz, a Harvard economist who discussed Mr. Krugman's paper at Brookings,estimates that, using Mr. Bivens's approach, trade with poor countries can account for about 15% of the growth in the wage gap between skilled and unskilled workers since 1979.Even this is almost certainly an overstatement. Many imports from China have moved up-market from easy-to-produce products, such as footwear, to more sophisticated goods, such as computers and electronics. As a result, to use economists' jargon, the “factor content” of American imports—in effect, the amount of skilled labor they contain—has not shifted downwards. Mr. Katz says factor-based models suggest trade with poor countries explains only 5% of rising income inequality.Mr Krugman argues that the effect is bigger, but that import statistics are too coarse to capture it. Thanks to the fragmentation of production, Chinese workers are doing the low-skill parts of producing computers. Just because computers from China are classified as skill-intensive in America's imports does not prevent them from hurting less-skilled American workers. Mr. Krugman may be right but, as he admits, it is hard to prove.Robert Lawrence, another Harvard economist, has looked at the same evidence and reached rather different conclusions. In a new book, “Blue Collar Blues”, he points out that the contours of American inequality sit ill with the idea that trade with poor countries is to blame. Once you measure income properly, the gap between white- and blue-collar workers has not risen that much since the late 1990s when China's global integration accelerated. The wages of the least skilled have improved relative to those in the middle. Some types of inequality have increased, notably the share of income going to the very richest. But there is little sign that wage inequality has behaved as traditional trade theory might suggest.Mr. Lawrence offers two reasons why. One possibility is that America no longer makes some of the low-skilled, labor-intensive goods that it imports. In those goods there are no domestic workers to lose out to foreign competition. Second, even when America does produce something that is imported from China, it may make it in a different way, with more machinery and only a few high-skilled workers. If imports from China and other poor countries compete with more-skilled American workers, they may displace workers but will not widen wage inequality.7. Why does Paul Krugman say that his paper is “the manifestation of a guilty conscience”(para.1)?8. What made Mr. Krugman believe that the trade’s impact on the income distribution is “big andgetting bigger” (Para. 3)?9. What is “factor content”(para. 6)? What does it reveal in the analyzing of income inequality?10. What are Robert Lawrence’s findings in the research into income inequality? What are hisreasons?SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes)Directions:Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.这次发生在四川汶川等地的特大地震灾害，其破坏之严重、人员伤亡之多、救灾难度之大都是历史罕见的，抗震救灾工作面临着十分严峻的困难局面。

上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题（06.9）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONL Y ONCE.Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here.Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8).Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ (10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise!Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14).With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living.Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’ and ‘minds-on’ learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONL Y ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the “oldest old” people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste.14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’ appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’ education more well-rounded.(C) To investig ate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’ math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months. (D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’ and the children’s attitude.SECTION 2: READING TEST(30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in yourANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1—5Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.It’s not quite that simple. “Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,” says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disabi lity, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at ho me, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. “Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, a nd it blocks them from thinking about the long term,” says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. “You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.” Ove r the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. “The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to the ir children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different lev els of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist a nd president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world b eyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. “The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word “malleable” in the clause “that their intelligence is malleable,” (para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression “to disabuse them of the notion” (para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’ search behav ior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the gover nment has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology doe s a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,” says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attor ney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ searchbehavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’ privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s business secret8. The phrase “scaled back to” in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries” (para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression “sink its own case” most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.” (para.5), the expression “Big Brother” is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organizationQuestions 11—15On New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenya n jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ tradit ional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American a nd other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s intere sts to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word “encapsulates” in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.” (para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.” (para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have found evidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth—that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold.The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’s proposed budget for fiscal 2007 calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut “is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut” in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary sci entist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington.Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its re port about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a “radical conclusion,” acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, “we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments” that might have rolled out the welcome mat “for living organisms,” she concludes.Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near its unexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed several explanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vapor billowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood.Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be “luxuriant,” notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive it. Still, he adds, it’s prematu re to cross the moon off the list of possible “outposts” for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be dimmer with the threat of budget cut s. The proposed reductions post several challenges, researchers say.One is the loss of important financial leverage. While money for experiments and other research related to astrobiology can come from other funding agencies, such as the National Science Foundation or even the National Institutes of Health, NASA’s program often provides the crucial missing piece that turns demanding and sometimes dangerous fieldwork into exciting results.One of the biggest successes over the program’s 10-year history has been to help revolutionize the way science is done. Answering questions about the origins of life on Earth and the prospects for life elsewhere require strong collaborations. From radio astronomers to biologists and geologists studying the evolution of Earth, groups are working together in ways they never thought of a decade ago, adds Edward Young, a geochemist at the University of California at Los Angeles.“NASA’s made a lot of progress by making a relatively small investment in a way that has brought disparate experts together from the whole spectrum of physical and biological sciences. It’s a wonderful lesson on how to make progress by crossing these boundaries,” Dr. Solomon says. “It would be regrettable to stop that experiment.”16. According to the passage, simple forms of life might be found on the following heavenly bodies in the solar system: ________.(A) Europa, Titan, Earth’s moon and Mars(B) Europa, Mars, Titan and Enceladus(C) Jupiter, Saturn, Mars and Enceladus(D) Earth’s moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn17. When the author says “The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists.” (para.3), he most probably means that the discovery _________.(A) greatly discourages scientists。

参考答案: SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation 1. the majority of employees 2. that affect them 3. two-way communication 4. within the company 5. set in motion 6. between managers and staff 7. value consultation with our workforce 8. to perform effectively 9. know the basic facts 10. more efficient 11. give you one example 12. new products 13. some outline about a company’s profit 14. its competitors 15. future product plans 16. hear about it 17. ignore the face 18. communicate with supervisors 19. what is going on 20. they haven’t been told formally Part B: Listening Comprehension 1-5 B D C A C 6-10 C B C A C 11-15 C A D A D 16-20 A B D A C SECTION 2: READING TEST 1-5 D D B C B 6-10 B C B D A 11-15 C D B A D 16-20 D B C C B SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST 如果各公司断然采取西⽴国家裁员的做法以增加利润，⽇本⼀度令⼈羡慕的失业率将上升⾄两位数。

第一部分历年真题上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试真题及详解（一）第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or wordsyou have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passageONLY ONCE. Now let’s begin Part A with Spot Dictation.We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve _____(1) that gets us so much information. We’ve got _____(2)every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being _____(3) and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of _____(4).Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains _____(5), producing a world-wide increase in IQ _____(6) and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in _____(7) we now have to go through?We’re not becoming a race of _____(8), but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to _____(9), to answer a dozen mails in five minutes, or to fill out _____(10). That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there with his kids _____(11) or something like that, he’s got his cell phone inhis pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects _____(12).Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just _____(13), just playing, when it _____(14) which you hadn’t thou ght of, or maybe you have time to read a hook. You are a businessperson but you have time to _____(15), or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea _____(16). Actually, it might occur to you that you _____(17) in t hat way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your productivity, _____(18). And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful nodding. You don’t have time for _____(19). So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, hut over-communication is _____(20) and to our reflection.【答案】1. developed technology2. cell phones ringing3. bombarded with communication4. overwhelmed by the information flow5. work better and faster6. up to 20 points7. all these mental gymnastics8. global idiots9. make fast decisions10. maybe big aptitude tests11. playing in his little league12. on our own brain patterns13. nodding around14. puts together ideas15. read a book about history16. somebody thought of long ago17. can think of your own business18. feeds your creativity19. those unexpected conjunctions20. a threat to our creativity【录音原文】We already live in an over-communicated world that will only become more so in the next tech era. We’ve developed technology that gets us so much information that we’ve got cell phones ringing every second, we’ve got computers and laptops, we’ve got personal organizers and we’re just being bombarded with communication and every advance in technology seems to create more and more communications at us. We are sort of overwhelmed by the information flow.Research suggests that all the multi-tasking may actually make our brains work better and faster, producing a world-wide increase in IQ up to 20 points and more in recent decades. Is there any real benefit in all these mental gymnastics we nowhave to go through?We’re not becoming a race of glob al idiots, but many do think certain skills are enhanced and certain are not. You know the ability to make fast decisions, to answer a dozen e-mails in five minutes, or to fill out maybe big aptitude tests. That’s enhanced. But when someone is out there wi th his kids playing in his little league or something like that, he’s got his cell phone in his pocket. He’s always wondering, “Gee, did I get a voicemail?” This might have negative effects on our own brain patterns.Creativity is something that happens slowly. It happens when your brain is just noodling around, just playing, when it puts together ideas which you hadn’t thought of, or maybe you have time to read a book. You are a businessperson but you have time to read a book about history, or about a philosopher and something that happened long ago or something or some idea somebody thought of long ago. Actually, it might occur to you that you can think of your own business in that way, and so it’s this mixture of unrelated ideas that feeds your produc tivity, feeds your creativity. And if your mind is disciplined to answer every e-mail, then you don’t have time for that playful noodling. You don’t have time for those unexpected conjunctions. So I think maybe we’re getting smarter in some senses, but over-communication is a threat to our creativity and to our reflection.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations.After each one, you will be asked same questions. The talks,conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now, listencarefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heardand write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the correspondingspace in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Now let’s begin Part B wi th ListeningComprehension.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) The designing of a new town.(B) The most livable small town in America.(C) The financing of a housing project.(D) The updating of old building codes.2. (A) Houses with front porches.(B) Houses that are very close together.(C) Quarter-of-an-acre or half-an-acre private yard space.(D) Easy access to the town center and to the vital institutions.3. (A) It has nothing to do with a sense of nostalgia for the past.(B) It has failed in the new town mentioned in the conversation.(C) People prefer to stay in an air-conditioned front porch.(D) People spend very much time on front porches in hot climates.4. (A) You are not allowed to use red curtains facing the street.(B) You couldn’t attach a satellite dish to your house.(C) You should remove plastic products from front porches.(D) You mustn’t park your car in front of your house for long.5. (A) Some of these rules seem to go a little too far.(B) Some of these rules are contradictory.(C) These rules are all dictated by the local laws.(D) These rules have not been approved by the developer.【答案与解析】1.A 对话开头男士便提到“in designing this new town…”，接着回顾了美国以前的小城镇把最好的设计元素结合在一起，例如联排别墅，人行道，前廊和两边种着树的街道等。

SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once. While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. Many changes are expected to take place in transportation ________(1) in the twenty-first century. The present forms of transportation will be very different in design, ________(2) and technology. The automobile will remain the most important method of travelling, but it will become totally _________(3) and have a telephone. It will be smaller and more _________(4). Gasoline mileage may rise to one hundred miles per gallon. Other methods of transportation in cities will include__________(5) and other rapid transit systems, buses and “people movers.” __________(6) will still be the cheapest way for long-distance travelling between cities, but they will be more ___________(7), with sleeper seats, video games,___________(8) and even ___________(9) services. Trains will change even more: they will move ___________(10) the tracks and will probably at a speed of ___________(11) miles per hour. The airplanes of the future will be_____________(12), faster, _________(13) and more economical, because they will be made of _____________(14). They will carry as many as 1,000 passengers and have computers as __________(15). In the passenger area, ____________(16) arrangements will be more comfortable and each passenger will have a private ____________(17). So in the new century our world will become smaller, because people will travel more ___________(18) and ___________(19) than they do today. There will be much more contact between people from different __________(20). Part B: Listening and Translation Ⅰ. Sentence Translation Directions: In this part of the test, your will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear the sentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(3)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(4)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(5)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ⅱ. Passage Translation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. You will hear the passages only once. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____(2)_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______ SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1～3 Centuries of baffling legal terminology will be laid to rest next week in one of the biggest shake ups in civil court history. From Monday, people bringing cases will be known as claimants not “plaintiffs” while a “writ” will become a claim form. Lay people will no longer have to struggle with baffling Latin words and phrases in an already confusing legal system. The changes, part of the “big bang” in civil legal procedure, are being driven by the Lord Chancellor's Department after recommendations from Lord Wolf, the Master of the Rolls. A spokesman for the department said “This will make the law easier to follow ,taking out the more difficult language and replacing it with words and phrases which people can understand.” He likened the problem to receiving a quote from a plumber or builder where those inexperienced in such matters tended to go along with the technical detail without really understanding what is being proposed. As an illustration he added :“People don't like declaring that they don't understand something, so that when a lawyer says they have to sign an affidavit (a written statement in the new language) they agree without knowing what it is.” Chrissie Maher, founder director of the Plain English Campaign, has been lobbying for 30 years to get the courts to simplify their language. Two thousand Plain English members will be in court on Monday to make surethat the lawyers sick to the new language. Ms Maher said many people who spent years involved in litigation could not understand the outcome of their case because it was told to them in legal jargon. She said: “It's humiliating for people who have to pay for the privilege of listening to lawyers.” And she added: “It cannot stop here, the criminal courts must change now.” Monday's changeover includes new procedures which will allow court users a “fast-track” option for small cases and a more hands-on approach by the judges aimed at saving time and money. Ian Magee, chief executive of the Court Service, said: “We hope the civil justice reforms will make courts easier to use. The replacement of legal and Latin terms with plain English phrases is part and parcel of that process. Many current terms are confusing and difficult to understand for people who do not use courts regularly and we hope the new phrases will help people follow proceedings more easily.” For the first time, all 226 county courts in England and Wales will be closed tomorrow to allow installation of software to accommodate the new vocabulary and the other changes. Ian Walker, president of the Association of Personal Injury Lawyers, said that while he welcomed the reforms he thought Monday would cause many problems for lawyers not fully acquainted with the new procedures. “It's all very well expecting us to be proactive and dynamic but if the technology can't deal with the changes then there will be problems.” Some lawyers have expressed sadness at the end of a language they have spent all their working lives getting to understand. But there will be a period of grace for those who find difficulty in breaking old habits and cannot adjust immediately to speaking in plain English. 1. Why does the spokesman for the Lord Chancellor's Department make the comparison between plumber / builder and lawyer? 2. Explain briefly the Plain English Campaign and the major procedures of the civil justice reforms. 3. What are the responses of lawyers to the language reform? Questions 4～6 Legs are a funny business. Especially if you are trying to turn them on an expensive, computerised Italian wood-working machine but do not have the skills to program it properly— as one small Essex company found to its cost. Until Dr. David Hall took over as director, the 20 employee Thames Gateway Technology Centre—manufacturer of reproduction furniture in Loughton —was about to spend a fortune on diamond-tipped tools to keep the machines running. Working the machines at the wrong speeds was destroying conventional tools and the company knew in ,but could not afford to send its staff to Italy for training. Dr. Hall had the answer. The university of East London had technology students who were learning exactly the computer aided design skills the company needed. Why not let them work for the company half a day a week? They would get exposure to employment skills, argued Dr. Hall, and at the same time solve the company's technical problems. The scheme was so successful that the university is building it into a final-year project, and helped inspire a government-backed initiative in east London to encourage high-tech enterprise in the area through technology transfer. It is hoped this move will lead to the regeneration of a region that has been badly hit by industrial decline, high unemployment and the lack of information technology skills to support new businesses. The Thames Gateway Technology Centre was founded last summer with the help of a ま 7.8m government grant from the Single Regeneration Challenge Fund. It will act as an agency to transfer technology and skills from higher education centres in London's East End to the local community. The centre will make available the resources and expertise of three east London universities —the University of East London, Queen Mary &。

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上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试H1B 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate, You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is...”, “My registration number is...”Topic: Discuss what constitutes a healthy way of lifeQuestions for Reference:1. Define a healthy way of life in terms of both physical and mental well-being.2. What contributes to a healthy way of life? What can man do to help live a healthy way oflife?3. What factors do you think will prevent one from living such a life?口译题Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 2Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal...and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1Passage 21999.11上海市英语高级口译资格证书第二阶段考试A 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your points clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is…”“My registration number is…”.Topic: Is it necessary for all science students to study the humanities at university? Why or why not?Question for Reference:1. What subjects are included in the courses of the humanities? What else do you know about courses in the humanities apart from History,Literature, and Art?2. What can the humanities do to help college students who major in different subjects? Why are they important? Cite examples to illustrate your point.3. What course (s) of the humanities will you choose if it is required at university? Will you study History, Literature, Art or some other subject(s)? Give reasons for your choice.口译题Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… You may take n otes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:Passage 2:Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each passage, interpret it into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal…you may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passage only once. Now, let’s begin Part B with the first passage.Passage 1:Passage 2:B 卷口语题Directions: Talk on the following topic for at least 5 minutes. Be sure to make your point clear and supporting details adequate. You should also be ready to answer any questions raised by the examiners during your talk. You need to have your name and registration number recorded. Startyour talk with “My name is…”“My registration number is…”.Topic: What do you think will make Shanghai a more cosmopolitan city in Asia and in theworld?Questions for Reference:1. Discuss the city in terms of her historical, cultural and economic developments as well as her geographical location, population and educational institutions.2. What else do you think will contribute to the development of Shanghai into a morecosmopolitan city?3. Compared with other cosmopolitan cities in the world, Shanghai needs to improve incertain areas so as to become an international center of finance and commerce in the newcentury. What are these areas? Discuss them is detail and give your reasons for your choice.口译题Part ADirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages onlyonce. Now let’s begin Part A with the first passage.Passage 1:Passage 2:Part BDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in Chinese. After you have heard each passage, interpret in into English. Start interpreting at the signal… and stop it at the signal… you may take notes while you’re listening. Remember you will hear the passages only once. Now, let’s begin Part B with the first passage.Passage 1:Passage 2:。

上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题及答案上海市英语高级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段试题( 06.9) SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(30 minutes)Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________ (1) that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ (2) of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ (3). It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ (4). Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ (5) changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ (6) way of life, pull out a box of color pencils,modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ (7) and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ (8). Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ (9) each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________(10). Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________ (11). Starting today, try to get30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ (12) rise! Play is known ___________ (13). Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ (14). With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ (15) will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ (16) as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ (17) to our daily living. Play can ___________ (18), curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a ‘hands-on’and ‘minds-on’learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ (19) of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning tolife through story making, and playing out ___________ (20).Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old.(B) In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago.(C) All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly.(D) Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies.2. (A) Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments.(B) Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the ”oldest old”people.(C) What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia.(D) What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old.3. (A) Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics.(B) Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss.(C) The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics.(D) Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics.4. (A) The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake.(B) The centenarians basically eat something different.(C) The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet.(D) The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day.5. (A) Work hard.(B) Stay busy.(C) Stick to a balanced diet.(D) Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. (A) Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century.(B) Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa.(C) Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power.(D) The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050.7. (A) Taking bribes.(B) Creating a leadership vacuum at the country’s top car maker.(C) Misusing company funds for personal spending.(D) Offering cash for political favors.8. (A) The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety.(B) The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades.(C) All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated.(D) The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty.9. (A) 6 to 7.(B) 8 to 10.(C) 11 to 16.(D) 17 to 25.10. (A) Curbing high-level corruption.(B) Fighting organized crime.(C) Investigating convictions of criminals.(D) Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) A wine taster. (B) A master water taster. (C) The host of the show. (D) The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.12. (A) Berkeley Springs.(B) Santa Barbara.(C) Atlantic City. (D) Sacramento.13. (A) Being saucy and piquant.(B) Tasting sweet (C) A certain amount of minerals.(D) An absence of taste. 14. (A) Looking—smelling—tasting. (B) Tasting—smelling—looking.(C) Smelling—looking—tasting. (D) Tasting—looking—smelling.15. (A) Bathing. (B) Boiling pasta in. (C) Swimming. (D) Making tea.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. (A) Enhance reading and math skills. (B) Increase the students’appreciation of nature.(C) Improve math, but not reading skills. (D) Develop reading, but not math skills.17. (A) To help the students appreciate the arts. (B) To make the students’educatio n more well-rounded. (C) To investigate the impact of arts training. (D) To enhance the students’math skills.18. (A) Once weekly. (B) Twice weekly. (C) Once a month. (D) Twice a month.19. (A) Six months. (B) Seven months.(C) Eight months.(D) Nine months.20. (A) The children’s attitude.(B) The children’s test scores.(C) Both the children’s attitude and test scores.(D) Both the teachers’and the children’s attitude. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated orimplied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1—5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s su ccess, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It’s not quite that simple. ”Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced,”says JacquelynneEccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer froman emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, manyeducators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure thatconveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. ”Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term,”says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor atStanford. ”You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth.”Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughou t life. ”The message is that everything is within the kids’control, that their intelligence is malleable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, ”parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progres s rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testingand rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. ”These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,”says Jeff How ard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’sacademic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to aworld beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. ”The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at schoolcan actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph?(A) Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition.(B) How a baby learns to walk and talk.(C) Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school.(D) Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed.2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students’ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________.(A) stimulating them to build up self-confidence(B) cultivating the attitude of risk taking(C) enlarging the areas for children to succeed(D) making them understand their family crisis3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children?(A) A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student’s failure.(B) Book knowledge is not as important as practicalexperience.(C) Looking smart is more important for young people at school.(D) To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority.4. The word ”malleable”in the clause ”that their intelligence is malleable,”(para.3) most probably means capable of being ________.(A) altered and developed(B) blocked and impaired(C) sharpened and advanced(D) replaced and transplanted5. The expression ”to disabuse them of the notion”(para.4) can be paraphrased as ________.(A) to free them of the idea(B) to help them understand the idea(C) to imbue them with the notion(D) to inform them of the conceptQuestions 6—10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over i nformation on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related tonational security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often ”material that is harmful to minors”mightappear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. ”We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. (The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.) Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July ; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries. One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. ”We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeingadult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities? Says the DOJ’s Miller, ”I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. ”Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl, an El ectronic Frontier Foundation attorney. ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying aboutBig Brother looking over their shoulders.”6. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior, the major intention is _________.(A) to protect national security(B) to help protect personal freedom(C) to monitor Internet pornography(D) to implement the Child Online Protection Act7. Google refused to turn over ”its proprietary information”(para.2) required by DOJ as it believes that ________.(A) it is not involved in the court case(B) users’privacy is most important(C) the government has violated the First Amendment(D) search terms is the company’s busin ess secret8. The phrase ”scaled back to”in the sentence ”the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3) can be replaced by _________.(A) maximized to(B) minimized to(C) returned to(D) reduced to9. In the sentenc e ”One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4), the expression ”sink its own case”most probably means that _________.(A) counterattack the opposition(B) lead to blocking of porn sites(C) provide evidence to disprove the case(D) give full ground to support the case10. When Kurt Opsahl says that ”They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5), the expression ”Big Brother”is used to refer to _________.(A) a friend or relative showing much concern(B) a colleague who is much more experienced(C) a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D) a benevolent and democratic organization Questions 11—15On New Y ear’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not somemass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: themoney that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3.5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine. How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changesmakes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands. Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’herds makeup over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve andtheir animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goesto the herders themselves; the lion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas. Funding bodies such as the World Bankand-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Afri ca’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive (the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it). Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that hashelped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should payproper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.11. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A) Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B) The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C) The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D) Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.12. The word ”encapsulates”in the sentence ”Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para. l) can be replaced by ________.(A) concludes.(B) involves.(C) represents.(D) aggravates.13. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and tr aditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A) Neutral and indifferent.(B) Sympathetic and understanding.(C) Critical and vehement.(D) Subjective and fatalistic.14. When the author writes ”the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”(para.4), he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not __________.(A) have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B) understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C) feel themselves superior in decision making(D) care about the development of the local people15. The author’s main purpose in writing this article in _________.(A) to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B) to give suggestions on the support of thetraditional pastoralism in Africa(C) to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D) to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesQuestions 16—20 The prospects for finding life beyond Earth may be brightening. Today, scientists are reporting evidence for yet another potential habitat in our solar system: Saturn’s moon Enceladus. Scientists mining new data from the Cassini spacecraft say they may have foundevidence that Enceladus—the planet’s fourth-largest moon—hosts liquid water.If the results hold up, this would bring to four the number of bodies in the solar system—including Earth —that display active volcanism. And since life as biologists know it requires liquid water and a source of energy, Enceladus would join Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Titan, as well as Mars, as possible spots beyond Earth where simple forms of life may have gained or still maintain a foothold. The discovery, however, is bittersweet for many scientists. NASA’sproposed budget for fiscal calls for a 50 percent cut in its astrobiology program. Although the program is a tiny piece of the agency’s overall spending plan for science, it’s a significant source of money for probing fundamental questions of how and why life emerged on Earth and whether life arose elsewhere in the universe.A 50-percent cut ”is almost a going-out-of-business-level cut”in a vibrant line of research that stands as one pillar supporting President Bush’s vision for space exploration, says planetary scientist Sean Solomon, who heads the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Nevertheless, the research in today’s issue of the journal Science is the sort of thing that continues to light a fire under the field. Its report about liquid water under the icy surface of Enceladus is a ”radical conclusion,”acknowledges Carolyn Porco, who leads the imaging team working with data from the Cassini orbiter. But if the team is right, ”we have significantly broadened the diversity of solar-system environments”that might have rolled out the welcomemat ”for living organisms,”she concludes. Images released last fall show the moon ejecting vast plumes of material near itsunexpectedly warm south pole. As the team pondered the evidence, they nixed severalexplanations, including the idea that the particles in the plumes were driven by vaporbillowing out as ice reached the surface and immediately turned into a gas. The last idea standing: Liquid water was venting from reservoirs near the surface, perhaps only tens of meters below the frigid crust. This explanation also helped solve the riddle of puzzlingly high levels of oxygen atoms found in Saturn’s neighborhood. Confirmation could come with additional flybys, if water—and perhaps life—is present, it wouldn’t be ”luxuriant,”notes Jeffrey Kargel, a researcher at the University of Arizona at Tucson. It likely would face tough conditions—nasty chemicals, very low temperatures, and little energy to drive i t. Still, he adds, it’s premature to cross the moon off the list of possible ”outposts”for life beyond Earth. Yet the prospect of building on these results could be。

上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试参考答案参考答案:SECTION 1：LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot Dictation1. government success2. talk about3. press conferences4. alert foreign correspondents5. local officials6. write their stories7. eye witness 8. opposition politicians9. check information 10. close to it11. inform other people 12. in an interesting way13. only one chance 14. element of repetition15. at the start of a report 16. shorten17. match the subject matter 18. royal wedding19. plane crash 20. making it difficult to understandPart B: Listening Comprehension1-5 D B D C B 6-10 C A D A D11-15 B A C A B 16-20 D A C B BSECTION 2: READING TEST1-5 A B A B C 6-10 B C C D B11-15 C D C D B 16-20 C B D C BSECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST自达尔文以来，生物学家们一直坚信，大自然的运作是没有计划的或者是没有意义的，它不会通过直接的设计途径去追求目标。

但是，今天我们知道，这一信念是个严重错误。

为什么恰如达尔文所理解和描述的进化就该是无计划、无理性的呢？当飞机设计工程师们利用风洞对大量的、根据统计数据制造的机体模型的耐用性能进行检试，以从中选出功能的设计时，物理学家经过上万次的计算机运算，试图找出是哪些材料、以怎样的结合方式、以及什么的结构形式才最适宜用于原子核反应堆的建造时，我们能够说这中间没有自然选择的过程么？他们也未进行事先设计的适应性调节，而是根据选择原理开展工作的。

上海英语高级口译资格证书第1阶段测试E1SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)Part A: Note-taking and Gap-fillingDirections: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once.While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can haveenough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You arerequired to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You will not get your ANSWERBOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk.Many changes are expected to take place in transportation ________(1) in the twenty-firstcentury. The present forms of transportation will be very different in design, ________(2) andtechnology. The automobile will remain the most important method of travelling, but it willbecome totally _________(3) and have a telephone. It will be smaller and more_________(4).Gasoline mileage may rise to one hundredmiles per gallon. Other methods of transportation incities will include __________(5) and other rapid tran sit systems, buses and “peoplemovers.”__________(6) will still be the cheapest way for long-distance travelling between cities, but theywill be more ___________(7), with sleeper seats, video games, ___________(8) and even___________(9) services. Trains will change even more: they will move ___________(10) thetracks and will probably at a speed of ___________(11) miles per hour. The airplanes of thefuture will be _____________(12), faster,_________(13) and more economical, because theywill be made of _____________(14). They will carry as many as 1,000 passengers and havecomputers as __________(15). In the passenger area, ____________(16) arrangements will bemore comfortable and each passenger will have a private ____________(17). So in the newcentury our world will become smaller, because people will travel more ___________(18) and___________(19) than they do today. There will be much more contact between people fromdifferent __________(20).Part B: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: Inthis part of the test, your will hear 5 English sentences. You will hear thesentences only once. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write yourversion in the corresponding space in your ANSWERBOOKLET.(1)________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________(2)______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ____________(3)____________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________(4)__________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________________(5)________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________________Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages. Youwill hear the passages onlyonce. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you arelistening.(1)______________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________(2)___ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _______________________________SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES thequestions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just readand write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1～3Centuries of baffling legal terminology will be laid to rest next week in one of the biggestshake ups in civil court history. From Monday, people bringing cases will be known as claimantsnot “plaintiffs” while a “writ” will become a claim form. Lay people will no longer have tostruggle with baffling Latin words and phrases in an already confusing legal system. Thechanges, part of the “big bang” in civil l egal procedure, are being driven by the LordChancellor’s Department after recommendations from Lord Wolf, the Master of the Rolls.A spokesman for the department said “This will make the law easier to follow ,taking outthe moredifficult language and replacing it with words and phrases which people canunderstand.” He likened the problem to receiving a quote from a plumber or builder wherethose inexperienced in such matters tended to go along with the technical detail without reallyunderstanding what is being proposed. As an illustration he added :“People don’t like declaringthat they don’t understand something, so that when a lawyer says they have to sign an affidavit (awritten statement in the new language) they agree without knowing what it is.”Chrissie Mah er, founder director of the Plain English Campaign, has been lobbying for 30years to get the courts to simplify their language. Two thousand Plain English members will bein court on Monday to make sure that the lawyers sick to the new language. Ms Maher saidmany people who spent years involved in litigation could not understand the outcome of theircase because it was told to them in legal jargon. She said: “It’s humiliating for people who haveto pay for the privilege of listening to lawyers.” And she added:“It cannot stop here, thecriminal courts must change now.”Monday’schangeover includes new procedures which will allow court users a “fast-track”option for small cases and a more hands-on approach by the judges aimed at saving time andmoney. Ian Magee, chief executive of the Court Service, said: “We hope the civil justicereforms will make courts easier to use. The replacement of legal and Latin terms with plainEnglish phrases is part and parcel of that process. Many current terms are confusing and difficultto understand for people who do not use courts regularly and we hope the new phrases will helppeople follow proceedings more easily.”For the first time, all 226 county courts in England and Wales will be closed tomorrow toallow installation of software to accommodate the new vocabulary and the other changes.Ian Walker, president of the Association of Personal Injury Lawyers, said that while hewelcomed the reforms he thought Monday would cause many problems for lawyers not fullyacquainted with the new procedures. “It’s all very well expecting us to be proactive anddynamic but if the technology can’t deal with the changes then there will be problems.”Some lawyers have expressed sadness at the end of a language they havespent all theirworking lives getting to understand. But there will be a period of grace for those who finddifficulty in breaking old habits and cannot adjust immediately to speaking in plain English.1. Why does the spokesman for the Lord Chancellor’s Department make the comparison betweenplumber / builder and lawyer?2. Explain briefly the Plain English Campaign and the major procedures of the civil justicereforms.3. What are the responses of lawyers to the language reform?Questions 4～6Legs are a funny business. Especially if you are trying to turn them on an expensive,computerised Italian wood-working machine but do not have the skills to program it properly—as one small Essex company found to its cost.Until Dr. David Hall took over as director, the 20 employee Thames GatewayTechnology Centre—manufacturer of reproduction furniture in Loughton—was about to spend afortune on diamond-tipped tools to keep the machines running.Working the machines at the wrong speeds was destroying conventional tools and thecompany knewin ,but could not afford to send its staff to Italy for training.Dr. Hall had the answer. The university ofEast London had technology students who werelearning exactly the computer aided design skills the company needed.Why not let them work for the company half a day a week? They would get exposure toemployment skills, argued Dr. Hall, and at the same time solve the company’s technicalproblems.The scheme was so successful that the university is building it into a final-year project, andhelped inspire agovernment-backed initiative in east London to encourage high-tech enterprisein the area through technology transfer.It is hoped this move will lead to the regeneration of a region that has been badly hit byindustrial decline, high unemployment and the lack of information technology skills to supportnew businesses.The Thames Gateway Technology Centre was founded last summer with the help of a ま7.8m government grant from the Single Regeneration Challenge Fund. It will act as an agency totransfer technology and skills from higher education centres in London’s East End to the localcommunity.The centre will make available the resources and expertise of three east London universities—the University of EastLondon, Queen Mary & Westfield College and the London GuildhallUniversity.It is also working with other east London business agencies to provide start-up companieswith access to business advice, training, technology support and financial backing.Housed at the University of East London’s campus in Stratford, the centre will move to theuniversity’s new ま40m Docklands campus opening in September, overlooking the runway ofthe London City Airport.There, 1,00square-metre site has been set aside for a technology park, consisting of28incubator units to house new company start-ups.As start-ups quickly outgrow the units Dr. Hall hopes they will move across to the RoyalBusiness Park being developed next to the university campus.“We want technology transfer to increase jobs locally, so we are looking at appliedtechnology—applications which can make use of th e area’s large semi-skilled and unskilledworkforce, rater than importing professional jobs, as happened in the development of CanaryWharf,” says Dr. Hall.The truth about technology transfer, he says, is shat if you shut an academic and a businessperson in a room foran eternity, such a transfer does not take place naturally. “We need anintermediary that will act as a catalyst for that technology transfer. The technology centre will dothat.”Dr. Hall became the technology centre’s first director last year after 15 years working in andrunning small industrial firms. Typically, he says, many start-up companies do not have anytechnology capability. “They have a guy with a good idea who wants to get that idea to market.What they are not doing is looking round the corner at the next product to follow and thetechnology needed.”In many areas of the country there is a pool of skilled labour they can call on later to do that.But east London does not have that technology platform, says Dr. Hall.4. What does the initial s entence “Legs are a funny business.” mean? What is the role of thefirst paragraph in the passage?5. Introduce briefly the Thames Gateway Technology Centre.6. What do you know about the “technology transfer” discussed in the passage?Questions 7～10The national outpouring after the Littleton shootings has forced us to confront somethingwe have suspected for a long time: TheAmerican high school is obsolete and should beabolished.In the last month, High school students present and past have come forward with storiesabout cliques and the artificial intensity of a world defined by insiders and outsiders, in whichthe insiders hold sway because of superficial definitions of attractiveness, popularity and sportsprowess.Indeed, a community’s loyalty to the high school system is often based on the extent towhich varsity teams succeed. High school administrators and faculty members are often formercoaches, and the coaches them-selves are placed in a separate, untouchable category. The resultis that the culture of the inside elite is not contested by the adults in the school. Individuality anddissent are discouraged.But the rules of high school turn out not to be the rules of life. Often, the high schooloutsider becomes the more successful and admired adult. The definitions of masculinity andfemininity go through sufficient transformation to make the game of popularity in high school anembarrassment.Given the poor quality of recruitment and training for high school teachers, it is no wonderthat the curriculum andthe enterprise of learning hold so little sway over young people.When puberty meets education and learning in the modern United States, the victory ofpuberty masquerading as popular culture and the tyranny of peer groups based on ludicrousvalues meet little resistance.By the time those who graduate from high school go on to college and realize what really isat stake in becoming an adult, too many opportunities have been lost and too much time has beenwasted. Most thoughtful young people suffer the high school environment in silence and in theirjunior and senior years mark time waiting for college to begin.But the primary reason high school doesn’t work anymore, if it ever did, is that youngpeople mature substantially earlier in the late 20th century than they did when the high schoolwas invented. For example, the age of first menstruation has dropped at least two years since thebeginning of this century and, not surprisingly, sexual activity has begun earlier in proportion.An institution intended for children in transition now holds back young adults well beyond thedevelopmental point for which high school was originallydesigned.Furthermore, whatever constraints on the presumption of adulthood existed decades agohave fallen away. Information and images, as well as the real and virtual freedom of movementwe associate with adulthood, are now accessible to every16-year-old.Secondary education must be rethought. Elementary school should begin at age 4 to 5 endwith the sixth grade. We Americans should entirely abandon the concept of the middle schooland junior high school. Beginning with the seventh grade, there should be four years ofsecondary education that we may call high school. Young people should graduate at 16, not 18.They could then enter the real world of work or national service, in which they would take aplace of responsibility alongside older adults. They could stay at home and attend junior college,or they could go away to college.At 16, young Americans are prepared to be taken seriously and to develop the motivationsand interests that will serve them well in adult life. They need to enter a world in which they arenot in a lunchroom with only their peers. estranged from other age groups and cut off from thegame of life as it is reallyplayed.There is nothing utopian about this idea—it is immensely practical and efficient, and itsimplementation is long overdue. We need to face biological and cultural facts and not prolongthe life of a flawed institution that is out of date.7. Explain the statement “the curriculum and the enterprise of learning hold so little sway overyoung people.”(para.5)8. Why does the author suggest that American high school “Should be abolished”? Give someof the major reasons according to the passage.9. Why does the author suggest that “Young people should graduate at16, not 18”?10. Explain briefly the statement “the rules of high school t urn out to be the rules of life.” (para.4)SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in thecorresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.黄浦江纵横南北，把上海分为两部分，浦东因位于黄浦江以东而得名。