英国历代国王世袭表

英国历代国王世袭表

第一篇：英国历代国王世袭表

英国历代国王世袭表

一、诺曼王朝Norman Britain（1066-1154）

1、Duke of Normandy（1035-1087）、King of England（1066-1087）.① Killed Harold, the king of England in the battle

of Hasting, then was crowned King of England in Westminster

Abbey by the Archbishop of York.② Built a string of defence

castles to ensure his military control of the whole country.③

Replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman

government.Sowas completely established in England.④ He gave

his barons large estates in England in return for a military service

and a proportion of land’s produce.⑤ Replaced the Witan with

the Grant Council of his new tenants-in-chief.⑥ Sent his clerks to

compile a property record known as Domesday Book, completed

in 1086.Today it’s kept in the Public Records Office.⑦ His policy

towards the church was to keep it completely under his control,

but at the same time to uphold its power.William was Duke of

Normandy.He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated king

Harold.Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day

the same year.He established a strong Norman government and

the feudal system in England.In 1066, King Edward died with no

heir, the Witan chose Harold as king.William, Duke of Normandy,

invaded England.On October 14, the two armies met near

Hasting.After a day's battle, Harold was killed and his army

completely defeated.So this battle was very important on the

way of the Roman conquest.One peculiar feature of the feudal

system of England was that all landowners must take the oath of

allegiance，not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.At the bottom of the feudal scale were the villeins or

serfs.Under William, the feudal system was established.William

sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday

Book, which completed in 1086.It was the result of a general

survey of England made in 1085.It recorded the extent, value,

state of cultivation, and ownership of the land.It was one of the

important measures adopted by William I to establish the full

feudal system in England.Today, it is kept in the Public Records

Office in London.King of England（1087-1100）He was killed

when he was hunting in the New Forest.3、King of England（1100-1135）

He tried a pacific approach to Scotland, he married King

Malcolm III’s daughter, Matilda.4、King of England（1135-1154）

二、安茹(金雀花)王朝The Plantagenet（1154-1399）King of

England（1154-1189）, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou,

Duke of Aquitaine.Richard I(Richard the Lionheat)（未提）King of

England（1189-1199）

King of England（1199-1216）

King John’s reign caused much discontent among the

barons.In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as the

Great Charter.It has 63 clauses.Though it has long been regarded

as the foundation of English liberties, its spirit was the limitation

of the king’s power, keeping them within the bounds of the

feudal law of the land.King of England（1216-1272）

The Civil War—At the battle of Lewes in Sussex in 1264 the

king was defeated by Simon De Montfort and taken

prisoner.Provisions of Oxford

Henry III’s brother-in-law and led the barons to rebel the

king and forced the king and his son to accept.Then was defeated

and killed by Prince Edward at the battle of Evesham in 1265.The Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British

Parliament.In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great

Council, together with two knights from each county and two

citizens from each town.It later developed into the House of

Lords and the House of Commons.Its main role was to offer

advice.There were no elections or parties.And the most

important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.(Restored

to the throne in 1265)

King of England（1272-1307）

Under Edward I, Wales was conquered and came under the

English Crown.And he presented his son to Welsh people as

Prince of Wales.Edward II（未提）King of England（1307-1327）

King of England（1327-1377）

① Thewith France

It refers to the war between England and France that lasted

intermittently from 1337 to 1453.The causes were partly

territorial and partly economic.When Edward III claimed the

French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke

out.At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were

defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France.The

expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.② It is

a modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic

disease spread through Europe in the fourteenth century

particularly in 1348-1349.It came without warning, and without

any cue.In England, it killed almost half of the total population,

causing far-reaching economic consequences.King of England（1377-1399）