(十) 非谓语动词

专题(十) 非谓语动词中考真题专练1.[2020·镇江]A lot of museums in China are worth . If you have time, you can choose to go.A.visitedB.visitingC.to visitD.visit2.[2020·遂宁]It’s important for us a healthy lifestyle.A.to keepB.keepC.keepingD.kept3.[2020·达州]—Clara, you have Journey to the West for two weeks.—Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made Dazhou on business last week.A.borrowed; to leaveB.kept; to leaveC.kept; leaveD.borrowed; leave4.[2020·内江]—Don’t forget off the lights when you leave the classroom.—OK. I’ll do that.A.turnB.turnsC.turningD.to turn5.[2020·新疆]—Why don’t the doctors stop lunch?—Because they are busy a patient.A.to have; to saveB.having; savingC.to have; savingD.having; to save6.[2020·长沙改编]We are glad that traditional Chinese medicine can work wonders in preventing some diseases.A.knowB.to knowC.knowingD.knew7.[2020·泰州]More and more teenagers have poor eyesight, so parents and teachers should take action the situation from getting worse.A.stopB.stoppingC.stoppedD.to stop8.[2020·重庆B卷]We’d better follow the seven-step hand-washing method healthy.A.to keepB.keepC.keepingD.keeps9.[2020·天水]We can overcome all the difficulties by together.A.workB.worksC.workingD.worked10.[2020·天津]I’ve just watched a TV programme about space. I hope on the moon one day.A.walkB.walkedC.walkingD.to walk11.[2020·达州]Our government tries to do everything they can people live a better life.A.to helpB.helpC.helpingD.helped高频点题组练|Group 1|1.—What should we pay attention to mistakes during the exams?—Some details.A.avoiding makingB.avoid to makeC.to avoid makingD.to avoid to make2. Chinese culture, many college students go to foreign countries every year.A.SpreadingB.To spreadC.SpreadsD.Spread3.I don’t think middle school students should get their hair .A.colorB.colorsC.coloredD.coloring4.—I heard the speech by our headmaster Tian was very wonderful.—What a pity! I had a cold and missed the speech.A.was madeB.madeC.which madeD.making5.Suddenly, they felt a strong wind into the old house.A.blowingB.blownC.blowD.to blow6.I think you can have Tom the dress right now because we have just had the material .A.make; preparedB.made; preparingC.make; preparingD.made; prepared7.—Did the book give the information you needed?—Yes.But it,I had to read the entire book.A.to findB.findC.foundD.finding8.—Can lies make your friends happy sometimes?—Yes.Sometimes it is better a white lie than someone a painful（痛苦的） truth.A.telling; to tell; tellingB.tell; to tell; to tellC.telling; to tell; to tellD.tell; tell; tell9.—I always can’t help TV plays with my mobile phone when I’m studying.—It’s not a good habit.You are supposed to it.A.watching; correctingB.watch; correctC.watch; correctingD.watching; correct10.The man drew a series of pictures about WeChat how to use this softwareA.to showB.showedC.showsD.to showing11.There is nothing in the fridge.Do you mind me buying some food?A.leavingB.leavesC.leftD.to leave12.—Mum,the flowers are so beautiful.Let’s pick some.—Oh, dear.We shouldn’t pick flowers in the park.Just leave them .A.to growB.growingC.growD.grown13.He taught that the way to be happy was as few things as possible.A.to owningB.ownedC.ownD.to own14.—Li Lei, what is China Daily?—China Daily is the largest English portal in China, news, business information, BBS, learning materials and so on. It’s very useful for us to learn English.A.providesB.to provideC.providingD.provided15.This is the best way I could think of him computer games.A.to stop; playingB.stopping; playingC.stop; to playD.stopping; to play|Group 2|16.What about swimming this summer vacation?（practice）17.When she is looking through the newspaper, “Teachers ” catches her eye.（want）18.It’s a big step up your job and moving halfway across the world.（give）19.I’m sorry for rude to you yesterday.Now I take back what I said.（be）20.Eric spends half an hour TV every evening.（watch）21.—Where is your mother, son?—She is busy for Thanksgiving dinner. （prepare）22.The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. （fix）23.Stephen William Hawking, as a great scientist, was born in England. （know）24.Early this morning I was busy in the garden to plant trees. （dig）25.He’ll visit four cities Paris in France.（include）【参考答案】中考真题专练1.B2.A It’s+adj.+for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说,做某事是……。

非谓语动词高中的全部用法十非谓语动词动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)统称为非谓语动词。

不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语，也不受人称和数的限定，也没有时态和语态，但是有表示主、被动的形式。

(一) 动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，语态式一般式完成式进行式主动 to build to have built to be building被动 to be built to have been built(1)一般式:两个动作同时发生或者先后发生，We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)They often watch us play table tennis.(同时)(2)完成式:动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，I am sorry to have kept you waiting.(3)进行式:动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如: She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.(4)动词不定式的被动语态用法:What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.2. 动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如: To help each other is good. (主语)------It is good tohelp each other. My job is to drive them to the power station every day. (表语)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’children.She wishes to be a musician.( 宾语)I don’t think it right to do it that way.I am determined to give up smoking.(表示情绪及情感等的形容词如glad, sorry, afraid, willing, eager, sure等) Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(句中有疑问词)1Tell the children not to play on the street. (宾语补足语)I saw a little girl run across the street.This is the best way to help him. (定语)He is the man to depend on.The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. Every morning he gets up very early to read English. (目的状语)She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. They lived to see the liberation of their home town. (结果状语) You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3. 复合结构不定式:由for + 名词(或代词宾格)+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式;有些形容词good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of。

非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语.例如: To se e is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。

往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to.例如I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have n o choice but to go. 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothin g to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如: He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同.试比较: A) Have you an ything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式to send的动作执行者是you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else) 5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如: I came here to see you.(目的) We were very excited to hear the news.(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果) To look at him, you would lik e him.(条件) 目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示.如: In order to pass th e exam, he worked very hard. We ran all the way so as not to be late. 不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如: I am very glad to hear it. The question is dif ficult to answer. “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如: He is too old to do that.另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语.例如: The room is big enough to hold us. 6)作表语.例如: My job is to help the patient. 7)作独立成分.例如: To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you. 8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如: He didn’t know wha t to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is w hen to start. (表语) 注意:在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。

十、非谓语动词构成：(to) + 动词原形动词不定式作用：作除谓语外的任何成分构成：v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式过去分词作用：表、定、状、补构成：v.-ing动名词作用：主、宾、表、定一、动词不定式1. 不定式的构成动词不定式的基本形式：(to) + do, 其否定形式为：not + (to) do。

3. 不定式的特殊用法①常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。

►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭②使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。

此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。

变为被动语态时，省略的to 则要加上。

③常见的动词不定式句型：1)It takes sb. + some time + to do sth. 意为：做某事花费某人多长时间。

2)It’s + sb’s +名词+ to do sth. 意为：做某事是某人的……3)It’s +形容词+ (for/of sb) + to do sth. 意为：某人做某事是……注意：当形容词为kind, careless, clever, wise, foolish, honest, lazy, kind, silly, stupid等描述人的品质和特点的词时，应选择介词of，其他情况选择for。

④常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：Why not do …? Why don’t you do …? had better(not) do …, would rather do…, Could/Will/Would you please do …? 例如：I would rather stay in the room. 我宁愿呆在家里。

专题十非谓语动词破考点练考向【网络清单】形式肯定式不定式主动形式:to do,to be doing,to have done,to have been doing 被动形式:to be done,to have been done现在分词、动名词主动形式:doing,having done被动形式:being done,having been done过去分词:done否定式:以上肯定形式前加not,如not to do,not doing,not to be done 等复合结构动名词的复合结构:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词不定式的复合结构:for sb./sth.+不定式功能(★★★)作宾语只用不定式作宾语的动词只用动名词作宾语的动词(词组)既可用不定式,也可用动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别的动词(词组)need,want,require,deserve 后的不定式、动名词作宾语的用法(★★★)作定语不定式作定语分词作定语动名词作定语to be done,being done,done 作定语的区别(★)作主语、表语(★★★)作状语不定式作状语分词作状语独立成分作状语独立主格结构(★)作补语用不定式作宾语补足语/主语补足语的动词及动词词组不定式、分词作感官动词宾语补足语/主语补足语不定式、分词作使役动词宾语补足语/主语补足语动词leave,keep,find,catch 及介词with 后作宾补的不定式、分词的区别...be said/believed/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought 后需用不定式作主语补足语【考点集训】考点一非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语1.There are different kinds of parrots,but they all have strong beaks and feet,which they use for (climb)and holding food.1.答案climbing2.In my mind,they’re helping us to become calm and consider(win)and solving real problems as well.非谓语动词2.答案winning3.His new idea was(make)the shell shapes on the roof into the shape of a ball.3.答案to make/making4.(follow)the suggestions will help to achieve your goal of a job in the medical profession.4.答案Following考点二非谓语动词作定语1.While flying through the wind,it made sound like the music(produce)by guzheng,a traditional Chinese musical instrument.1.答案produced2.Astronauts get the chance(see)more stars than you or I have ever seen.2.答案to see3.The experience(gain)from failure is of great value to us.3.答案gained4.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,(range)from butterflies to elephants.4.答案ranging5.Like great athletes or scientists,great teachers have the ability(inspire)others as well.5.答案to inspire考点三非谓语动词作状语1.Today the train is attractive to the passengers who come from other places(see)the railway and the surrounding mountains.1.答案to see2.(see)that it was going to rain,James took a raincoat with him.2.答案Seeing3.Though(tell)of the danger,Mr.Brown still risked his life to save the boy in the fire.3.答案told4.(catch)the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.4.答案To catch考点四非谓语动词作补语1.When I meet someone and hear the person’s name,I imagine that I can see the name(write)on the person’s face.1.答案written2.Jenny was practicing her speech in the hall when she heard her name(call).2.答案calledst month we spent so much to have the roof(replace),for it always leaked when it rained. 3.答案replaced【五年高考】A组自主命题·北京卷题组考点一非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语1.(2018北京,3)(travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.1.答案Travel(l)ing2.(2014北京,35)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without(recognize).2.答案being recognized考点二非谓语动词作定语1.(2019北京,4)Earth Day,(mark)on22April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.1.答案marked2.(2017北京,32)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time(spend)with his students.2.答案spent3.(2015北京,23)The park was full of people,(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine.3.答案enjoying4.(2014北京,25)Last night,there were millions of people(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.4.答案watching5.(2014北京,28)There are still many problems(solve)before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.5.答案to be solved考点三非谓语动词作状语1.(2018北京,6)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together(share)a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.1.答案to share2.(2018北京,10)Ordinary soap,(use)correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively.2.答案used3.(2017北京,27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online(save)their valuable time.3.答案to save4.(2016北京,26)(make)it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.4.答案To make5.(2016北京,28)(order)over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.5.答案Ordered6.(2016北京,32)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street,(turn)the old town into a dreamland. 6.答案turningB组统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组考点一非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语1.(2019课标全国III,62)On our way to the house,it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take(get)there.1.答案to get2.(2019课标全国II,61)A90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working40hours a week.2.答案being3.(2019天津,4)(learn)to think critically is an important skill today s children will need for the future.3.答案Learning/To learn句意:学会批判性思考是当今的孩子们在未来需要的一种重要技能。

(十)非谓语动词近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语, 动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语, 及个别分词的用法。

预计2016年中考对非谓语动词的考查, 不定式仍是考查的热点。

我们应该牢固掌握一些动词的固定搭配的用法。

非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词, 它们在句中不能单独作谓语, 而有谓语以外的其他语法功能, 在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制, 但仍有时态和语态的变化, 也可以带宾语和状语, 构成非谓语动词短语。

非谓语动词分动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。

动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成, 有时在特殊情况下to可以省略。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 同时也具有动词的部分特征, 能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。

动名词由动词加－ing构成, 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。

它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。

①动词不定式功能例句主语To speak English well isn't an easy job.宾语They decided to change their mind.宾语补足语He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.定语He is always the first to come and the last to leave.表语Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.状语目的Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.结果He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.1. 不定式作宾语(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语, 常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的, 如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。