2016年写作及答案
- 格式:docx
- 大小:16.94 KB
- 文档页数:4
凯程考研集训营,为学生引路,为学员服务!第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年管综考研写作真题与答案送走了2016管理类联考初试,凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线,同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况,几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过,管理类联考专业课难度与往年相当,答题的时候非常顺手,管理类联考题型写作试题,相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉,预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。
管理类联考分笔试、面试,如果没有准备,或者准备不充分,很容易被挂掉。
如果需要复试的帮助,同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。
下面凯程管理类老师把管理类联考的真题全面展示给大家,供大家估分使用,以及2017年考管理类的同学使用,本试题凯程首发,转载注明出处。
2016年管理类联考综合能力考试已经结束,现在凯程教育教研室老师为大家第一时间收集真题,希望能够帮助到大家,真题解析和答案请及时关注凯程考研网!四、写作:第56~57小题,共65分。
其中论证有效性分析30分,论说文35分。
56、论证有效性分析:分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞,选择若干要点,写一篇600字左右的文章,对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是:概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致,有无各种明显的逻辑错误,论证的论据是否成立并支持结论,结论成立的条件是否充分等等。
)现在人们常在谈论大学毕业就业难的问题,其实大学生的就业并不难,据国家统计局数据,2012年我国劳动年龄人口比2011年减少了345万,这说明我国劳动力的供应从过剩变成了短缺。
据报道,近年长三角等地区频频出现“用工荒”现象,2015年第二季度我国岗位空缺与求职人数的比率均为1.06,表明劳动力市场需求大于供给。
因此,我国的大学生其实还是供不应求的。
还有,一个人受教育程度越高,他的整体素质也就越高,适应能力就越强,当然也就越容易就业,大学生显然比其他社会群体更容易就业,再说大学生就业难就没有道理了。
2016考研英语(二)真题及参考答案--写作Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you won a translation contest and your friend Jack wrote an email to congratulate you, and ask advice on translation. Write him a reply to1)thank him;2)give your advice.You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address .(10 point)参考译文Dear Jack,Im writing to express my gratitude for your congratulation on my success in the translation contest.As regard to my experience, I would like to offer you some proposals in this part. First and foremost, I strongly suggest you that you need to practice with painstaking effort in this field. Whats more, you had better have more communication with foreigners, which guarantees that you have a deep understanding of foreign culture. Last but not least, you are supposed to participate in some international events to accumulate awealth of practical experience.Thanks again and I do hope you could take my suggestions into consideration. I wish you have good luck and make a great success in your future study.Yours sincerely,Li Ming如大家所见,这是2016年英语二小作文题目。
1.11【单选题】以下实用文体中,有一种不是公文,即()A、命令B、决定C、决议D、议案我的答案:D2【多选题】下面中说法正确的是()A、写作分为文学创作和实用写作两类B、应用文是一切社会组织和个人进行社会活动和处理个人事务必不可少的工具C、应用写作和文学写作是一样的D、写好应用文需要较高的理论政策水平、广博的的专业知识、较好的分析综合能力等我的答案:ABD 得分:33.3分3【多选题】应用文具有以下几个特点()A、实用性B、针对性C、美观性D、简明性E、时效性F、规范性我的答案:ABDEF2.11【单选题】向国内外宣布重要事项或者法定事项,应使用的文种是()A、通告B、指示C、公告D、批复我的答案:C 得分:20.0分2【单选题】适用于对重要问题提出见解和处理办法的行政公文是()A、意见B、建议C、报告D、决议我的答案:A 得分:20.0分3【单选题】下列哪种公文的使用频率最高()A、调查报告B、请示C、公告D、通知我的答案:D 得分:20.0分4【多选题】行政公文是()A、是行政机关在行政管理过程中形成的具有法定效力和规范体式的文书B、是《条例》所颁定的公文C、是行政机关依法行政和进行公务活动的重要工具D、是党的机关使用的法定公文E、是行政机关所使用的各种公务文书的简称我的答案:ACE 得分:20.0分5【多选题】国家行政机关公文主动行文的情形包括()A、答复上级机关的询问事项B、向上级机关请示C、向上级机关报告D、向不相隶属机关反映情况E、向不相隶属机关征询意见我的答案:BCDE2.21【单选题】公文的签批人是指()A、上级领导B、下级领导C、本机关的秘书部门D、本机关领导我的答案:D 得分:20.0分2【单选题】以下发文字号编写正确的是()A、国发〔2010〕3号B、国发[2010]3号C、国发[2010]第3号D、国发〔2010〕第3号我的答案:A 得分:20.0分3【单选题】公文的成文日期指的是()A、撰稿者完成稿件时间B、印刷厂印刷的时间C、主管领导签批的时间D、公文公布发出的时间我的答案:C 得分:20.0分4【单选题】公文中的主题词有着数量限制,一般不能超过()A、2个B、3个C、5个D、7个我的答案:C 得分:20.0分5【多选题】下列标题中正确的有()A、××县人民政府关于解决新开发区原住户搬迁经费的请示B、××分公司关于请求批准开发新产品的报告C、××县人民政府关于请求将××风景区列为省级自然保护区的请示报告D、××公司关于解决生产车间用地的请示E、××厂关于购置××设备的申请我的答案:AD3.11【单选题】转发与批转公文时用()A、通报B、通知C、公函D、批复我的答案:B 得分:20.0分2【单选题】例文《xx市国家税务局关于印发的通知》正文是:“现将《xx市国家税务局金税工程考核暂行办法》印发给你们,请遵照执行。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新课标卷)英语答案解析第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力第一节1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】A4.【答案】C5.【答案】B第二节6.【答案】A7.【答案】C8.【答案】A9.【答案】B10.【答案】C11.【答案】B12.【答案】A13.【答案】C14.【答案】A15.【答案】C16.【答案】B17.【答案】A18.【答案】C19.【答案】A20.【答案】B第二部分阅读理解第一节21.【答案】A【解析】通读第一段内容并结合该段中的“Phone:241-2742.”可知,本段主要介绍了在音乐厅举办歌剧的相关信息,因此如果想看歌剧,可拨打这里的联系电话241-2742,故选A。
22.【答案】B【解析】根据第二段第一句Chamber Orchestra:The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 1406 Elm Street,which offers several concerts from March through June.译文:内管弦乐队:在榆树街1406号的纪念堂会有管弦乐队的表演,从三月到六月有好几场演出。
可知,管弦乐队的演出时间为三月到六月,而五月份正好在此期间内。
故选B。
23.【答案】C【解析】根据第四段第一句可知,许多演出通常都会在Patricia Cobbett Theater进行;结合第四段第三句Students with ID cards can attend the events for free.译文:学生可持身份证免费观看。
可知,学生可在Patricia Cobbett Theater持身份证免费观看。
故选C。
24.【答案】A【解析】根据最后一段第二句Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover( price different) 译文:大型户外剧场具有最前排的(包厢)座位,隐秘性极好(价位不同)。
Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph.(20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.Why Movies Are PopularMany people would say that movies,whether seen in the cinema,on the Internet,or on the DVD player,are one of the most popular forms of entertainment. Judging from the amount of time people are willing to spend on watching them,I readily agee with the statement. We have dozens of reasons for our love of movies. But the most obvious ones are the story,the special effects and the stars.A“movie”is,basically,technology's answer to the traditional storybook. We all hunger for a life full of passion,excitement and love. If we don't find them in our own life,we try to experience them in fictional stories. A movie tells a story more effectively and vividly than a book. Take the movie“Saving Private Ryan”for example. In the first battle scene when the soldiers are under fierce gunfire from the Germans,you feel you are running with the soldiers and witnessing everything firsthand. You hear the echoes of bullets flying overhead. For fifteen frightening minutes,you feel as if you were in the middle of the battlefield! No storybook can create such a vivid effect.Special effects are another crowd-puller. Take the movie“Jurassic Park”for instance. The dinosaurs' images are created by a computer,yet in the movie,they look as real as the actors. You can see their shadows and the vapor from their breath. This type of movie magic amazes the audience and keeps them coming back for more. Then there is“The Matrix”. For two hours,the special effects of this movie make us believe that ordinary hurnans can walk around inside a computer program. Both movies draw a large number of viewers to their sequels(续集),mostly because of their special effects.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In summary,movies are popular because of the story,the special effects and the movie stars. It is still the quickest and easiest way to temporarily leave your ordinary life and to experience passion and excitement.Ⅱ. Write an outline.(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a“sentence outline”for it.How to Deal with NervousnessEveryone has experienced being nervous •at one point in their lives. Being nervous is a normal emotional reaction to stressful,unknown,or intimidating circumstances. One may feel nervous before an upcoming job interview,the first date,and even a doctor's appointment.For some people,nervousness becomes a problem that interferes with normal life. Shaky and sweaty hands,starnmering speech and blank mind may spoil things. However,nervousness can be managed if treated properly.First of all,it is important to remember that no treatment can make a person instantly calm down and forget about his nervousness. The secret to achieving true calm,without tranquilizers (镇静药),is in practice. The more you practise,putting yourself in situations that may makeyou nervous and taking action,the more confident you become. This way you eventually feel more and more comfortable and less nervous. If you are getting ready for an important interview or a presentation at work,practise your speech so that you can do it automatically. That way,your lips and body will know what to do even if your mind gets blocked somehow. During the speech you need to concentrate on breathing slowly and deeply to avoid short quick breaths that are common for nervous people. When people talk slowly,they keep a nice steady supply of oxygen flowing through their bloodstream.In many cases,nervous people spend time visualizing as to what may go wrong in a future situation. This can,of course,create a lot of nervousness. It can also give you the results you imagined,or feared. If you convince yourself that you will fail,then most probably you do fail. Much more helpful is to have pleasant thoughts and try to imagine only good outcome of a situation. If you visualize things in an optimistic way,what actually happens can change a lot about how you behave,how you present it,how convincing you sound,and generally how you feel in the situation. It always has a great effect on how the things actually go.Sometimes fears occur for a good reason. It is quite understandable that people might be afraid of jumping with a parachute(降落伞),for instance,but what about speaking in public?It is absolutely irrational. Try to compare these two types of fear and maybe then it will be easier to understand that nervousness does not really make that much sense. So,ask yourself a few simple questions For example,“What is the worst that could happen to me?”Questions of this kind can put things into a healthier perspective and calm yourelf dpwn.With sufficient practice,positive self-image and rational thinking,you'll be able to build up self-assurance bit by bit and behave confidently whether in workplace or in social life. Apply these strategies and don't let nervousness stand in the way to your success.Sentence Outline________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅲ. Compose an essay.(60 points)Some people claim love is most important in a happy marriage,while others believe money plays a decisive role. What is your opinion?Write a 300-word expository essay stating your views.2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语写作试题答案及评分参考(00603)Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph.(20 points)In addition to the exciting story and special effects,viewers are drawn by the charm of stars. People find movie stars attractive. Many have a favorite actor or actress whom they idolize and would love to see in more movies. Jackie Chan and Lianjie Li,two popular Chinese stars,delight numerous fans with their skillful acting and comic expressions. Their movies are always a hit. Movies starring Julia Roberts,the slim American beauty with abroad smile,seldom fail to capture the hearts of millions of viewers around the world. It is safe to say that these stars draw many viewers to the cinema.【评分参考】1.本部分满分20分,按四个档次给分。
Ⅰ. Supply the missing paragraph.(20 points)The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.The Various Skills and Responsibilities of Executive Secretaries After observing the daily activities of three different executive secretaries,I have come to realize that these secretaries must possess a wide variety of skills to do their jobs effectively. Among their most essential skills are the ability to communicate,an acute sense of organization,and an intimate knowledge of different types of office equipment.Communication skills include both oral and written communication,for executive secretaries must represent their supervisors in many different business situations. Orally,they are required to speak effectively on the telephone,which means using proper words and an effective tone. They must also be able to greet and converse intelligently with each of their supervisor's clients and transmit his or her instructions accurately and concisely. Their skills comprise a detailed knowledge of the rules of grammar and a familiarization T With sentence structure. Duties in this area would include taking notes at meetings and franslating rough notes into accurate and readable prose. It is obvious,then,that executive secretaries must master a broad range of oral and written communication skills before they can represent their supervisors properly.Another important skill that executive secretaries must have is a keen sense of organization. The day-to-day responsibilities that test this skill would be arranging transportation and accommodations for their supervisor's out-of-town visitors,keeping his or her appointment calendar up to date,and arranging staff meetings and conferences,both inside and outside the building. But perhaps their most important skill,which comes under the general heading of organization,is the ability to set priorities. Since they are given a number of various duties,some requiring immediate action,they must make judgments that provide for their supervisors' time restrictions. In this way they ensure that their supervisors do not waste time dealing with unessential information.Finally,because modern business offices use the latest audio-visual and elecfronic equipment,executive secretaries must have “hands-on” knowledge of this equipment. Making overheads,setting up projectors,and using photocopiers are some obvious examples,but they must also be familiar with video display equipment and word processors. Their skills in accessing and fransmitting information effectively will depend on their keeping up with the latest information technology which,in turn,will increase productivity and lower costs.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ. Write an outline.(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.What Technology Has Done to UsI am not a patient person. As I was waiting for the elevator the other day,I must have looked at my watch 25 times in one minute. Living in a world of fast-moving technology,I amused to instant reactions. I push a button,the elevator should open,right?Ah,this is what technology has done to me.So,why do we use technological devices so much?It saves time and is convenient. With the Internet,we can receive and send information,communicate with friends and buy various items all instantly by the click of a mouse. In fact,our patience level has changed drastically all because of faster connections.While this technology does make it more convenient to receive information,sometimes I wonder if all this is too convenient. We take advantage of the speed so much that if the Internet is not working or the fax machine is not sending properly,our world seems to shut down temporarily. We simply find it difficult to ftlnction without access to our e-mail or updated news. In fact,technology can often make us lazy. I cannot possibly spend the time to mail a letter in the acclaimed snail mail. “Fax it. E-mail it”,the world cries. Society seems to revolve around time as it never did before.This speed of communication has caused us to be so impatient that we have grown apart from each other. Our society can practically thrive without physical contact. Many people have all the required devices already in their homes:a computer,Internet access,a phone and a fax machine. Does anyone else think it is scary that a person does not need to even leave his or her bedroom to have full contact with anyone in the world?I think it decreases our value offace-to-face human contact as a whole. Why visit someone who lives 40 minutes away when you can e-mail them or chat online?It saves time,yet nothing can replace having face-to-face conversation with someone.What about those who have limited access to the Internet or other technology?They seem to get lost. Sometimes,when I am too busy to check my e-mail or have no access,I miss out on important information and events that have already taken place without my knowledge. The common thought seems to be that if you have an e-mail address,you must check it every hour,right?Sadly,this idea is becoming truth.While technology is an essential part of our thriving society,it should be less emphasized as the only way to communicate efficiently. Instead,accuracy should be the priority. While the Internet and fax machines are faster,efficiency can have its drawbacks. They do not always promise accurate information in sending. For example,these devices might not be the best way to submit important documents,such as college applications. Also,with the Internet,valuable information,such as credit card information,can fall into the hands without being detected.While completely abandoning these communication devices is not feasible,society needs to be more patient with the inefficiencies of human-made inventions and of course with human connections.Ⅲ. Compose an essay.(60 points)A role model is someone who inspires us in our life and makes us want to be better. Write a 300-word expository essay about the qualities of your role model.2016年10月00603英语写作试题Ⅰ. Supply the mising paragraph.(20 polnts)Therefore it is obvious that executive secretaries do much more than simply type and take dictation as some people think. In fact,they take more active roles in keeping the officerunning. To some extent,they should be thought of as executive assistants who keep the office running smoothly by controlling the working environment. And this control is directly related to their ability to communicate,to organize,and to use modern office equipment. Of course,the ability in those three aspects is not adequate,and executive secretaries must have a wider range of skills to perform their duties effectively. That ability,along with other similarly important skills,will snrely contibute to the success of an executive secretary.【评分参考】1.本部分满分20分,按四个档次给分。
专四作文样题(2016 年发布)第一部分:原题PART VI WRITING[45 MIN]Should we review traditional Chinese characters or continue usingsimplified characters? This has been an intensely discussed question foryears. The following are the supporters' and opponents' opinions. Readcarefully the opinions from both sides and write your response in about 200words, in which you should first summarize briefly the opinions from bothsides and give your view on the issue.Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency,organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructionsmay result in a loss of marks.Yes NoTraditional characters, which In today ’s world, efficiency date back to more than 2000 years matters most. Traditionalago, have a more beautiful appearance and a more reasonable c haracters, which usually have more strokes than simplified ones,structure. As indicated by the 親are more difficult to learn. Byand 愛examples, traditional characters make more sense, convey traditional values and can therefore represent traditional culture. For two millennia, Chinese historical records and classic works were written in traditional characters. To be able to read themand inherit traditional cultures, we need to bring traditional characters back. Politically, it is also necessaryto restore traditional Chinese characters. Currently, traditional characters are still in use in Hong Kong, Taiwan and many Chinese communities around the world. Restoring them can contribute to cross-Strait exchanges and national reunifications and unite Chinese people around the world. c ontrast, simplified characters are much easier to learn and use. Overthe past 50 years, lots of classic texts have been turned into simplified-character versions, which means simplified characters can also promote and preserve traditional culture. Constant simplification has been a trend in the evolution of Chinese characters. From the oracle bones script of 3000 years ago to traditional characters, the Chinese writing system has always been slimming down for better communication.第二部分:参考答案(1)写作指南考生在下笔之前应先审题,明确写作要求:针对“我们究竟是该恢复中文繁体字还是继续使用简体汉字”这一热议话题,首先总结正反方的意见,然后给出个人观点。
2016年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试公共关系写作试卷(课程代码00646)本试卷共4页,满分100分,考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项:1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效,试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一部分为选择题。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二部分为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间,超出答题区域无效。
第一部分选择题(共40分)一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.公关写作的主导思想是A.公关意识B.公关心理C.公关理念D.公关感情2.人们把经过加工使用的材料称为A.文件素材B.写作素材C.文章材料D.文件材料3.公共关系最根本的职责是A.信息传播B.沟通协调C.决策咨询D.弥合补救4.公关写作的首要环节是A.立意B.确定标题C.选材D.确定结构5.“东方航空公司的服务极富人情味”这一标题的表现手法属于A.夸耀式B.祈使式C.悬念式D.记事式6.对未来工作的预测打算,内容比较粗略的非正式计划称作A.规划B.安排C.工作要点D.设想7.公关写作中公关人员必须遵循的原则是A.以公关主体为本B.以观点为本C.以事实为本D.以公关客体为本8.“时闻就是金钱”属于A.观念广告B.实力广告C. 信誉广告D.声势广告9.感知的目的是为了获取写作的A.灵感B.主题C. 体裁D.材料10.长期公关计划也称为A.专题计划B.个案计划C.战术计划D.战略计划11.公关消息写作的结构大都采用A.金字塔式B.倒金字塔式C.并列式D.时间顺序式12.国内外宣布国家主席任职时使用的文种是A.布告B.公告C.通告D.通报13.答辩状一般可以分为民事答辩状和A.刑事答辩状B.行政答辩状C.经济答辩状D.婚姻答辩状14.在公关活动中,采用特殊、郑重表达方式的信函是A.致词B.名片C.柬帖D.公告15.合同是否有效、能否顺利履行的关键是A.标的的合法性B.合同的价金要合理C.数量和质量规定具体、准确D.要明确规定违约责任16.公关消息必须具备新闻报道的五个要素,即所谓A.“五U”B.“五V”C.“五W”D.“五X”17.标题是“著名数学家×××逝世”的讣告属于A.一般式讣告B.新闻报道式讣告C.通知式讣告D.公告式讣告18.下级答复上级询问时使用的文种是A.报告B.请示C.公告D.简报19.以叙述为主要表现手法的简短性公关新闻报道是A.公关消息B.公关报道C.公关通讯D.公关新闻20.书面写定的组织规程或办事条例是A.规章B.规定C.章程D.办法二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
2016年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解(第2套)Part I Writing审题思路这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。
本篇写作话题innovation(创新)一直以来都是个热点话题。
根据写作要求,范文应分三段展开论述,且写作重点应该放在阐述创新的重要性和培养创新的方法上。
联系实际可知,创新对于国家和个人都有重要意义,如何培养创新精神也应该是两方面共同努力的结果。
写作提纲一、引出话题并阐述创新的重要性1. 对社会的重要性(Innovation, significance, promote, advancement, society)2. 对个人的重要意义(essential quality, success, progress, possible, indulged in conservatism, stagnant)二、培养创新精神的措施1. 国家鼓励创新(government, encourage innovation, foster, continuous learning, breakthroughs)2. 个人增加知识储备(individuals, on rich, knowledge reserves, different methods, solving a problem)三、得出结论1. 牢记创新的重要性(commit it to our memory, significance)2. 在日常生活中培养创新精神(cultivate, habit, applying new thoughts, practice)高分范文My View on Innovation①I’m not sure if you have heard one of Steve Jobs’famous remarks, “Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower”, which stresses the significance of innovation. ②It goes without saying that innovation can promote the advancement of society and is the most essential quality for anyone who wants to achieve success. ③With innovation, any progress will be possible; however, once indulged in conservatism, everything will remain stagnant.④Therefore, by some means or other we must come to know how to be innovative. ⑤On the one hand, from the standpoint of a nation, the government should encourage innovation and foster the mindset of continuous learning. ⑥Only by doing this can our nation achieve new breakthroughs in all walks of life. ⑦On the other hand, from the perspective of individuals, we should enrich our knowledge reserves and arm ourselves with up-to-date knowledge. ⑧Only when we are equipped with vast stores of knowledge can we think out different methods when solving a problem.⑨We should always commit it to our memory that innovation is of great significance to us all. ⑩In our daily life, we need to cultivate the habit of applying new thoughts and methods into practice.精彩点评①引用乔布斯的名言引出本文主题——创新,并概述创新的重要意义。
2016年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外贸英语写作试卷(课程代码00097)一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分。
共20分)1.You can find else in the world who works harder than Arnold John.A.EveryoneB.noneC.no oneD.anyone2.The board wanted to know the company was performing well.A.WhatB.whichC.whereD.if3.Those dismissed employees seemed .A.AngryB.angrilyC.angerD.be angry4.We find it impossible to comply the latest safety regulations.A.withB.toC.atD.from5. more competitive in the labor market,he has enrolled in a computer course.A.BeingB.To beC.BeD.Been6.To and to department should my application be submitted?A.whom...where...B.who...which...C.whom...which...D.who...what...7.The editor and publisher of this magazine____a very able man.A.areB.isC.beD.being8.A manager must make his or her known.A.presentB.presentsC.presencesD.presence9.The price of computer is much lower than before,but most people still can't it.eB.affordC.playD.have10.China has a low rate of productivity and low GDP per capita,so China is stilla country.A.DevelopingB.developedC.developD.development11.The executive committee appointed Mrs.Green branch manager.A.forB.withC./D.to12.Those pens imported from Korea smoothly as you imagine.A.aren't writtenB.don't writeC.not writeD.write not13.Once the president has made a decision he no longer dwells on it.A.considerateB.consideringC.considerableD.considered14.After checking the report, .A.several mistakes were discoveredB.several mistakes are discoveredC.the manager discovered several mistakesD.the manager will discover several mistakes15.The more accurate information you get, you may come to a right decision.A.more likelyB.the more likelyC.most likelyD.the most likely16.The company ordered two for the employees' lounge.es'es'ss17.The company has to pay a heavy transport cost the price of the books will not be Competitive.A.such...that...B.so...that...C.too...that...D.too...to...18.We are all for your proposal that the meeting of the board .A.be put offB.was put offC.should put offD.is to put off19.The manager, his study of the situation,was ready to talk about it whenI arrived.A.has completedB.have completedC.having completedD.had completed20.Had he checked the report more carefully,he the mistake.A.will findB.had foundC.has foundD.would have found二、改错(本大题共10小题,每小題2分,共20分)。
2016年英语A级参考答案2016年英语A级考试参考答案一、听力部分(共30分)1. A) 根据对话内容,男士询问女士是否愿意参加今晚的聚会,女士回答说很愿意,但需要先完成工作。
因此,正确答案为A。
2. B) 对话中女士提到她需要去银行处理一些事务,因此正确答案为B。
3. C) 男士询问女士是否已经预定了机票,女士回答说已经预定了,但还没有付款。
正确答案为C。
4. D) 女士告诉男士她正在学习法语,并且已经学了三个月。
正确答案为D。
5. A) 男士问女士是否喜欢这个城市,女士回答说非常喜欢,尤其是这里的天气。
正确答案为A。
6-10. 根据对话内容,依次选择B, C, A, D, B。
11-15. 对话中男士和女士讨论了关于旅行的计划,正确答案依次为C, A, B, D, C。
16-20. 根据对话内容,男士和女士讨论了关于工作和学习的问题,正确答案依次为A, D, B, C, A。
21-25. 对话中男士和女士讨论了关于健康和运动的话题,正确答案依次为B, D, C, A, B。
二、阅读部分(共40分)26. C) 根据文章内容,作者提到了在城市中骑自行车的好处,包括环保和健康。
正确答案为C。
27. A) 文章中提到了城市交通拥堵的问题,以及骑自行车可以减少这种情况。
正确答案为A。
28. D) 文章中提到了政府应该采取措施来鼓励人们骑自行车,包括提供自行车道和安全设施。
正确答案为D。
29. B) 文章中提到了骑自行车可以减少空气污染,并且对健康有益。
正确答案为B。
30. A) 文章最后提到了作者对骑自行车的积极态度,并鼓励更多人参与。
正确答案为A。
31-35. 根据文章内容,依次选择B, C, A, D, B。
36-40. 文章讨论了关于教育和学习的问题,正确答案依次为C, A, D, B, C。
41-45. 文章中提到了健康饮食的重要性,以及如何通过合理饮食来改善健康。
正确答案依次为A, D, B, C, A。
2016年12月英语四级写作真题及答案范文(三套完整版)※点击查看2016年12月英语四级真题及答案专题2016年12月英语四级写作真题及答案范文(三套完整版)2016年12月英语四级作文真题答案范文:去企业工作还是去创业Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Job hunting becomes increasingly tough for college students, for more college graduates bring about much fiercer competition. Consequently, starting a businessof one’s own becomes another alternative. But for me, I still prefer finding a job somewhere.From a personal perspective, a good start for one’s own business requires plenty amount of money together with adequate work experience, but as college students, we often lack the latter. On a community level, we are able to get involved in a more complex relationship in a larger work place which provides us with necessary skills in communication as well as cooperation with others. In a larger sense, with more and more start-ups worldwide, the young entrepreneurs as college graduates are under even greater pressure than finding a job elsewhere competing with other job hunters.As the old saying goes: “Lay a solid foundation, and the time will come for you to shine!” Therefore, we have to accumulate as enough experience as possible by working for others, and wait for the right time to start our own business.2016年12月英语四级作文真题答案范文:当老板还是当职员When it comes to graduation, college students will confront lots of choices about career such as being a boss or an employee. Different choices bring various kinds of life. I am likely to choose to do the business for my own.Generally, this choice can be virtually associated with various reasons. Firstly, college students who start businesses are able to broaden their horizon and enlarge their scopes more easily. Facing a good number of unknown challenges, they can embark on a tough but fascinating journey while most of their peers appreciate stable salaries. Furthermore, to start a business is a fabulous way to tap youngsters’ potential. It is the attempts that proves their greatness. Finally, as the job market is increasingly competitive, to start our own companies is a favorable choice for dealing with this fierce competition.As I have mentioned above, I strongly believe that starting a business after graduation offers a great opportunity to enrich students’ lives. Therefore, it is suggested that students should try hard to take effective measures to improve their competitiveness. Only in this way can we lay a solid foundation for the future.2016年12月英语四级作文真题答案范文:考研还是工作Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essayto explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.范文:Job hunting becomes increasingly tough for college graduates, for the larger number of graduates doesn’t balance with the limited job opportunities. As a result, more and more graduates choose to furthertheir study. For me, I prefer going to a graduate school to continue my education.From a personal perspective, further education can equip me with more solid and profound knowledge for my future job, so the education in a graduate school can actually serve as a stepping stone in my future job hunting. On a community level, the experience of internship during school can also well develop my social skills of communicating and cooperating with my workmates. In a larger sense, the increasingly competitive job market is gradually raising its standards for the job hunters. Taking all these into account, the advantages seem to lie with the candidates with higher degrees.As the famous saying goes: “Slow down to speed up.” That is to say, further study may slow us down when entering the job market, but it does speed us up on our way to success!※2016年12月英语四级成绩查询时间:根据历年英语四级成绩查询时间,预测2016年12月英语四级成绩查询于2017年2月中下旬开始,请广大考生密切关注老师英语四级成绩查询栏目。
2016年12月英语四级作文答案及解析(第一套)第一套:Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.命题解析:2016年12月四级写作命题再次体现了强烈的反押题倾向,考察了以前从未考察过的一种情景作文:正反对比型情景作文,类似于以前的老托福写作题目。
考察的话题关于大学毕业的选择:第一套题目关于就业与创业,第二套题目关于去国企还是合资企业,第三套关于就业还是考研。
这三套题目均来自于2013年考研英语(一)的大作文:大学毕业生的选择。
第一套详解:Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.精彩范文In the past two years of my college life, I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided to start a business of my own as my lifelong career.A variety of factors have led me to make this decision over other more lucrative ones. To begin with, running my own business means freedom and independence. As a person having my own business, I am free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. More importantly, I like starting my own business in that it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome.Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the satisfaction of being your own boss and a gentle peace of life.参考译文在过去两年的大学生活中,我一刻也没有停止过思考:我大学毕业以后要干什么工作。
大学英语六级考试2016年写作真题(汇总)1)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world.Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】As a result of the rapid development of information technology,people nowadays can have easy access to the high-speed Internet,opening a door toward a virtual world which actually has exerted a great influence on the way people live and communicate.There is no denying that the Internet has become an indispensable part of people's daily life,bringing them unprecedented experience and recreations.However,when people spend more and more time in the virtual world,they are prone to be addicted to it,wasting their time,isolating themselves from the real world and becoming indifferent to people and things around.What they face every day is an environment lack of emotions and real human interest,which is apparently detrimental to physical and moral integrity.As we know,it is interpersonal interaction and face-to-face communication that make us human,so it is crucial to draw a distinction between the virtual world and the real one.To sum up,it is high time we paid due attention to the adverse trend that people are increasingly obsessed with the virtual world.Do keep in mind that we take advantage of technologies to make our life better,instead of being reduced to a slave of them.2)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on the use of robots.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more robots take the place of human beings in industry as well as people’s daily lives.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】With the development of technology,robots are playing an increasingly important part in industry and our daily lives and when it comes to the role of robots,opinions vary from person to person.Some hold that the use of more and more robots will lead to greater productivity and facilitate our life,while others are concerned about the potential unemployment crisis it may cause.As far as I'm concerned,we should embrace the progress of science and technology that will certainly benefit humans tremendously.For one thing,these intelligent devices will lay a solid foundation for improving industrial efficiency, which to a large extent promotes the development of economy and society.For another,robots can liberate people from tiring household chores and dangerous work, making life much easier and more comfortable.It cannot be denied that some specific jobs will be eliminated and structural unemployment will occur,but technological progress actually creates new job opportunities as well.There is no doubt that the wide use of robots has brought about many changes in people's life and it will continue to make an impact.What we should keep in mind isthat we should give full play to human wisdom and take advantage of technological advancement in a wise way instead of becoming too dependent on it.3)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on e-learning.Try to imagine what will happen when more and more study online insteading of attending school.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】As science and technology advance,an increasing number of people begin to take advantage of digital devices and the Internet to take courses and acquire knowledge. The boom of e-learning seems to be an inevitable trend that is bound to make a huge impact on people's learning.While some think e-learning may hinder interpersonal communication and interaction,thus leading to separation and a ruin of the nature of study,others hold that e-learning can facilitate our learning in many aspects.There is no doubt that e-learning greatly promotes learning efficiency,and breaks the restrictions in terms of time,places and subjects,to some extent.Updated knowledge will spread rapidly, enabling learners to keep pace with the time,especially for those in remote areas.From my point of view,interaction between teachers and learners at school is necessary and irreplaceable and the traditional face-to-face studying process plays a significant role.It is advisable that we should combine e-learning with attending school,and it is high time that we placed great emphasis on this issue as e-learning is becoming more and more pervasive.4)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on innovation.You essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】With the rapid development of society,people are increasingly aware of the significance of innovation.which refers to being creative and unique.As a matter of fact,it is just innovation that turns the world into what it is like today.The ability to innovate is so crucial that it really makes a difference for our society and individuals.For one thing,innovation provides a key to economic development,improving the inner competitiveness of the nation.There is no doubt that innovation is to an enterprise what water is to fish.For another,we,as individuals, should also attach great importance to innovation as innovative sp irit enables one to catch opportunities that others aren’t aware of,making one more qualified for career promotion and cope better with challenges in the future.In view of the importance of innovation,it is essential that we should take proper and feasible measures to cultivate this precious spirit.First and foremost,the auth-orities concerned should establish favorable laws and effective policies to encourage innovation.Besides,schools and universities should place a high value on the cultivation of students'innovative st but not least,individuals shouldtry to equip themselves with the life-long rewarding quality.5)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on creation.You essay should include the importance of creation and measures to be taken to encourage creation.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】Creation is the act or process of making something new.It is really important to the sustainable development of human society.To put it another way,it is at the heart of the development of our society.With the accelerated pace of our society's development,creation matters enormously to the whole range of human endeavor,and is bound to make a difference in our modern life.What's more,creation is crucial to the success of any business.It can help businesses stay competitive by differentiating themselves from their rivals.Taking into account the importance of creation,we should take measures to encourage creative spirit and this can be done in several ways.First of all,an environment should bemade in every field of our society,in which people are encouraged to share ideas,contribute to decision-making and think independently. Secondly,people in the workplace who offer creative initiatives should be publicly acknowledged and stly.schools and universities should develop students creative ability in our young generation by adjusting curriculum and organizing social activities.6)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay on invention.You essay should include the importance of invention and measures to be taken to encourage invention.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.【参考范文】Invention has brought about dramatic changes in human life.It helps to improve standards of living and make people's life more comfortable and happier.It is invention that promotes the development of the world.As inventions grow ever more intelligent,they are becoming closely related to our life.Invention has ensured advanced systems of transportation,communication, health and medical care and so on.What's more.invention can reinforce a country's status as an important economy in the worldWhat can be done to encourage invention?Firstly,the authorities concerned should help to create a system that spurs invention by setting up favorable laws and regulations and government-sponsored programs.Secondly,schools and universities should put more emphasis on cultivating students'innovation ability by encouraging research and development for new inventions.Besides,the media are supposed to make the importance of invention known to the public and report more cases of good invention.。
2016年12月第二套四级答案【篇一:2016年12月英语四级作文答案及解析】directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. suppose you have two options upon graduation. one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. you are to make a decision. write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.命题解析:2016年12月四级写作命题再次体现了强烈的反押题倾向,考察了以前从未考察过的一种情景作文:正反对比型情景作文,类似于以前的老托福写作题目。
考察的话题关于大学毕业的选择:第一套题目关于就业与创业,第二套题目关于去国企还是合资企业,第三套关于就业还是考研。
这三套题目均来自于2013年考研英语(一)的大作文:大学毕业生的选择。
第一套详解:directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. suppose you have two options upon graduation. one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. you are to make a decision. write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. you should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.精彩范文in the past two years of my college life, i have never ceased to think what kind of work i shall take up upon graduation. although my ideas are not consistent, i have now decided to start a business of my own as my lifelong career.a variety of factors have led me to make this decision over other more lucrative ones. to begin with, running my own business means freedom and independence. as a person having my own business, i am free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. more importantly, i like starting my own business in that it offers a certain peace of mind. no more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome.nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the satisfaction of being your own boss and a gentle peace of life.参考译文在过去两年的大学生活中,我一刻也没有停止过思考:我大学毕业以后要干什么工作。
2016年4月全国自考(公文写作与处理)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 4. 简答题 5. 论述题 6. 综合应用题单项选择题在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。
请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.我国最早的政治文件汇编本《尚书》又称()A.《汉书》B.《书经》C.《春秋》D.《论语》正确答案:B2.规范性公文的行为规范作用与社会道德规范不同,它具有()A.权威性B.强制性C.建议性D.导向性正确答案:B解析:规范性公文是指由机关、组织、社会团体依次根据法律、行政法规及组织章程制定的,要求其成员在工作、活动等方面严格遵守的行为规范。
它是一种兼有政策性和规定性的公文,有较强的规范性和强制性。
故选B项。
3.从行文方向上说,请示、报告是()A.上行文B.下行文C.平行文D.泛行文正确答案:A解析:报告是下级机关向上级机关汇报工作情况的陈述性公文。
请示是下级机关向上级机关请求指示或批准的报请性公文。
上行文是指下级机关或业务部门向所属上级领导机关或业务主管部门的一种行文。
故选A项。
4.影响公文效用充分发挥的主要因素是()A.公文语言B.公文格式C.公文质量D.公文体式正确答案:C解析:公文质量直接关系到机关的工作效率问题,关系到党和国家方针政策的贯彻执行问题,关系到公文本身发挥效用的问题。
故选C项。
5.“同意、照办、可行、拟同意、不妥、请核查”等用语,是公文中常见的()A.经办用语B.结尾用语C.表态用语D.期请用语正确答案:C6.在以下公文构成要素中,属固定组成部分的要素是()A.发文字号B.签发人C.密级D.紧急程度正确答案:A解析:公文的构成要素众多,但只有发文机关标识、发文字号、标题、主送机关、正文、成文日期、印章、主题词、印发机关和印发日期这九个要素是一般公文的固定组成部分,其他要素是否标注要视公文的具体情况而定。
故选A项。
全国2016年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试写作(一)试题课程代码:00506第一部分选择题(共20分)一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个各选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1.具有突发性、偶然性、短暂生、亢奋性和突破性等特正的思维是A.灵感思维B.创造性思维C.形象思维D.抽象思维2.根据一类事物的共同特征创造新形象的过程属于想象方式中的A.夸张B.联想C.黏合D.典型化3.写作立意完成后作者对文章走向符号化阶段的整体性考虑是A.立意B.运思C.谋篇D.结构4.在安排结构时,以一条或几条线索贯穿,将经过选择,取舍后的众名材料连接起来构成一个有机的整体,这种结构模式是A.纵向结构式B.横向结构式C.复迭式结构D.串珠式结构5.为创作而收集的原始材料是A.素材B.材料C.质料D.题材6.在叙述事件发展中暂停一下,插入另外一段叙述,插进来的内容在表达顺序上与原叙述的顺序相反,称为A.逆叙B.补叙C.倒叙D.追叙7.对人、事、景,物富有典型意义的细枝术节的刻画与描绘的写作方法是A.心理描写B.行动描写C.场面描写D.细节描写8.下列特征中,不属于诗歌特征的是A.强烈的抒情性B.凝聚的意象感C.虚幻的怪诞性D.直观的形式美9.鲁迅的散文诗集《野草》属于A.叙事性散文B.抒情性散文C.哲理性散文D.记人散文10.小说中的人物作为一个发出动作的单位对故事进程产生推动作用的功能是A.角色B.扁形人物C.行动元D.圆形人物11.夏衍的《包身工》是A.报告文学B.小说C.纪实文学D.散文12.从事实出发,充分尊重事实,通过深入细致的调查分析,得出结论,属于学术思考的A.问题意识B.客观意识C.好奇意识D.事实意识13.傅雷《论张爱玲的小说》是A.学术论文B.报告文学C.文学评论D.人物通讯14.文学评论中,对于新流派、新动向、新趋势或热点争鸣问题等的分析评论是A.作品论B.文学现象论C.作家论D.读者论15.上级领导机关、业务主管部门,对下级材关、下级业务部门发出的公文是A.上行文B.平行文C.下行文D.内部公文16.适用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映暗况,回复上级机关的询问的公文是A.请示B.通知C.意见D.报告17.下面匹项中,不属于公文的文面格式的是A.版头B.主体C.来源D.板记18.意见属于A.指挥陛公文B.知照性公文C.报请性公文D.记录性公文19.下面匹项中,不属于报告标题组成部分的是A.事由B.发文机关C.文种D.主送机关20.机关、团体、企事业单位用来汇报工作、反映问题、交流经验的事务文书是A.启事B.声明C.计划D.简报第二部分非选择题(共80分)二、判断分析题(本人题共2小题,每小题5分,共10分)判断正误,在“答题卡”的相应位置,正确的划上“J”,错误的划上“X",并简述理由。
四、写作:第56-57小题,共65分,其中论证有效性分析30分,论说文35分。
56、论证有效性分析:分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞,选择若干要点,写一篇600字左右的文章,对论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
(论证有效性分析的一般要点是:概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致,有无各种明显的逻辑错误,论证的论据是否成立并支持结论,结论成立的条件是否充分等等)
现在人们常在谈论大学毕业生就业难的问题,其实大学生的就业并不难,据国家统计局数据,2012年我国劳动年龄人口比2011年减少了345万,这说明我国劳动力的供应从过剩变成了短缺。
据报道,近年长三角等地区频频出现“用工荒”现象,2015年第二季度我国岗位空缺与求职人数的比率均为1.06,表明劳动力市场需求大于供给。
因此,我国的大学生其实是供不应求的。
还有,一个人受教育程度越高,他的整体素质也就越高,适应能力就越强,当然也就越容易就业,大学生显然比其他社会群体更容易就业,再说大学生就业难就没有道理了。
实际上,一部分大学生就业难,是因为其所学专业与市场需求不相适应或对就业岗位的要求过高。
因此,只要根据市场需求调整高校专业设置,对大学生进行就业教育以改变他们的就业观念,鼓励大学生自主创业,那么大学生就业难问题将不复存在。
总之,大学生的就业并不是什么问题,我们大可不必为此顾虑重重。
【参考答案1】
大学生就业究竟难不难?
上述文章就我国大学生就业这一热点进行了分析,并从劳动力的供给与需求、教育的作用、高校专业设置、就业观念等方面进行论证,得出了“我国大学生的就业并不难”的观点。
文章在论证过程中存在多处明显的推理错误,其观点很难令人信服。
首先,“2012年劳动年龄人口比2011年减少了345万”,从概念上,供给的“减少”并非“短缺”,是否短缺还应考虑需求变量。
就算是劳动力供给短缺了,也可能是技工、农民工等群体的结构性短缺,未必就是对大学生群体的需求短缺。
其次,长三角等地区的“用工荒”、“2015年第二季度”的数据,也明显是以偏概全,长三角地区并不能代表全国的整体,第二季度也未必能准确反映全年的数据。
另外,“一个人受教育程度越高,整体素质也就越高,适应能力就越强”,这段论证过于想当然了。
受教育程度并非整体素质提高的充分条件,近几年屡现名校大学生杀害同学案件,他们的素质不是越高而是极低;高校大量书呆子、游戏族的存在,他们的适应能力也很难得到用人单位的认可,作者想得出“其越容易就业”的结论,是极不严谨的。
最后,文章认为“只要高校调整专业设置、改变就业观念、鼓励创业,大学生就业难将不复存在”,这一论证太过绝对。
即使当前有所缓解,大学生就业难也可能会在某段时间、某些区域、某些领域继续或重新出现。
很多西方发达国家由于产业空心化,就业机会短缺而重新导致大学生就业难。
总之,由于该文章的论证存在多处硬伤,“大学生就业并不难”的结论可能过于乐观了。
【参考答案2】
“论证有效性分析”存在的主要错误:
1.材料提供的数据时效性不足,用的是2012年的数据;证明不了2015年的事情。
2.劳动力人口减少不等于劳动力人口就短缺了,如果原先劳动力人口远过于求呢。
3.用工荒的成因,材料提到的是长三角地区,但是成因也可能是由于劳动力配置不均衡导致的,所以长三角不能证明全国范围出现用工荒。
4.材料说到2015年第二季度的空缺和求职比,但是要证明劳动力人口真的短缺了,恐怕需要更长时间段的数据。
5.大学生的就业难也可能是因为岗位与大学生实际需求不匹配造成的。
6.教育程度高就证明素质更高吗?素质更高就说明适应性更好吗?这些推理也都是不一定成立的。
7.大学生在全社会中不一定是受教育程度最高的,也不见得适应性更强。
8.材料说的是一个人的教育程度越高素质就越高,是个体的整体素质高,而后面推理推出来的是整体素质高,所指代范围不一样。
9.材料承认一部分大学生就业难,与主张的大学生就业都不难形成了矛盾。
10.即使高校调整的专业配置,但是大学生毕业后,可能社会需求又改变了;而且大学生就算改变观念,也可能会出现高能低配的情况,也不一定能稳定就业;况且材料也没有考虑到创业的风险,所以采取这些措施改变就业难的问题未必有效。
57.论说文:根据下述材料,写一篇700字左右的论说文,题目自拟。
亚里士多德说:“城邦的本质在于多样性,而不在于一致性……无论是家庭还是城邦,他们的内部都有着一定的一致性。
不然的话,它们是不可能组建起来的。
但这种一致性是有一定限度的……同一种声音无法实现和谐,同一个音阶也无法组成旋律。
城邦也是如此,它是一个多面体。
人们只能通过教育便存在着各种差异的公民,统一起来组成一个共同体。
”
【论说文范文】
多样统一,构建公民社会
材料引用了亚里士多德所谈论的关于城邦的一些观点,亚里士多德的观点主要是:城邦要保持和谐稳定,多样性是城邦的本质,一致性是构建和谐稳定的必要条件,要实现这一点,需要以教育为手段。
所以,我们认为,要构建和谐稳定的公民社会,需要多样性和一致性的统一,也需要发展教育。
材料所说的“城邦”就对应了现在的“公民社会”。
公民社会是一个契约比较完备的社会,他能够促进人的多样发展,使人获得更多的自由,实现更大价值。
这样也就凸显了多样性和一致性的重要作用。
公民社会的构建需要多样性。
正如材料所说,“同一种声音无法实现和谐”,人们的需求是多样的,条件资源也是不同的,比如,对于贫困人口,“一箪食一瓢饮”可能比高档的手机电脑有价值得多。
由于同一种产品满足不同人群时的边际效用不同,所以我们需要承认多样性的存在;而如果不承认多样性,也就是不承认差异性的存在,人与人合作就缺少了必要的基础,自然也就谈不上一致性了。
一致性的缺少将会导致“不可能组建城邦”。
如果人们是各自为政的,那么就会出现“弱肉强食”的丛林法则;反之,如果人们由于有一些事务通过集中统一管理,可以提高效率、节约资源,就会使得社会效率提高,例如美国建国之初,把外交和宣战的权利交付给了联邦政府,正是这个原则的体现。
我们必须意识到,亚里士多德其实强调了多样性,而并没有把一致性凌驾于多样性之上,所以他在讲到教育的手段作用时,其实蕴含了一个含义,即允许思想自由。
那么我们到底如何将多样性和一致性统一起来,又统一什么呢?首先,需要建立共同的思考规则,也就是说,教育需要培养人们的批判性思维素养。
第二,需要共同的言行准则,例如“罗伯特意识规则”的存在,使得人们沟通交流的成本大大降低。
第三,教育需要凝聚人们的价值观,形成共同的道德准则。
只有一致性的约束才会有多样性的自由,才会有人的价值的实现。
在当今构建和谐社会的时代,为了凸显人的更高的价值,亚里士多德提倡的这些观点都是值得我们深思的。