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英语人称代词知识点归纳英语人称代词是用来代替特定人称的词语，分为主格、宾格、属格和反身代词。
以下是英语人称代词的知识点归纳：1. 主格代词（subject pronouns）：用于作主语的代词，常用的主格代词有：- 第一人称单数：I（我）- 第二人称单数：you（你）- 第三人称单数：he（他），she（她），it（它）- 第一人称复数：we（我们）- 第二人称复数：you（你们）- 第三人称复数：they（他们，她们，它们）2. 宾格代词（object pronouns）：用于作宾语的代词，常用的宾格代词有：- 第一人称单数：me（我）- 第二人称单数：you（你）- 第三人称单数：him（他），her（她），it（它）- 第一人称复数：us（我们）- 第二人称复数：you（你们）- 第三人称复数：them（他们，她们，它们）3. 属格代词（possessive pronouns）：用于表示所属关系的代词，常用的属格代词有：- 第一人称单数：my（我的）- 第二人称单数：your（你的）- 第三人称单数：his（他的），her（她的），its（它的）- 第一人称复数：our（我们的）- 第二人称复数：your（你们的）- 第三人称复数：their（他们的，她们的，它们的）4. 反身代词（reflexive pronouns）：表示动作的主体和受动作影响的是同一个人或事物，常用的反身代词有：- 第一人称单数：myself（我自己）- 第二人称单数：yourself（你自己）- 第三人称单数：himself（他自己），herself（她自己），itself（它自己）- 第一人称复数：ourselves（我们自己）- 第二人称复数：yourselves（你们自己）- 第三人称复数：themselves（他们自己，她们自己，它们自己）以上是英语人称代词的基本知识点归纳。
根据语境和句子结构的不同，人称代词的使用也会有一些变化。
物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)，也叫人称代词的所有格。
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
物主代词有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数的物主代词还有性别的变化。
表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)，也叫人称代词的所有格。
物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。
物主代词有人称和数的变化。
第三人称单数的物主代词还有性别的变化。
1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破碎的玻璃杯。
物主代词有形容词性（my, your等）和名词性（mine, yours等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。
名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如：Jack's cap 意为The cap is Jack's.His cap 意为The cap is his.名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语，例如：May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。
作宾语，例如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
作介词宾语，例如：You should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。
作主语补语，例如：The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。
代词种类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，疑问代词，关系代词，不定代词1.人称代词personal pronouns主格：I you he she it they we宾格：me you him her it them us2.物主代词possessive pronouns形容词性~：my your his her its t heir our名词性~：mine yours his hers its theirs ours3.反身代词reflexive pronounsMyself yourself himself ......4.相互代词reciprocal pronounsEach other , one another5.指示代词demonstrative pronounsThis that these those such same6.疑问代词interrogative pronounsWho whom whose which what ..7.关系代词relative pronounsWho that which ....8.不定代词infinitive pronounsSome something any anything anyone much little few all one both......1.2.3.略四、反身代词的用法1）定义：如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。
2）反身代词的句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。
用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。
如：He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. （宾语） I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语). He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语) That poor boy was myself.（表语）那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
英语中人称代词主格、所有格、宾格一览表一、人称代词主格（Subject Pronouns）1. 第一人称单数：I（我）2. 第二人称单数：You（你/您）3. 第三人称单数：He（他）、She（她）、It（它）4. 第一人称复数：We（我们）5. 第二人称复数：You（你们/您们）6. 第三人称复数：They（他们/她们/它们）示例：I like reading books.（我喜欢看书。
）You are a great teacher.（你是一位伟大的老师。
）He goes to school bus.（他乘公交车去学校。
）We are planning a trip.（我们在计划一次旅行。
）They play soccer every weekend.（他们每周末踢足球。
）二、人称代词所有格（Possessive Pronouns）1. 第一人称单数：Mine（我的）2. 第二人称单数：Yours（你的/您的）3. 第三人称单数：His（他的）、Hers（她的）、Its（它的）4. 第一人称复数：Ours（我们的）5. 第二人称复数：Yours（你们的/您们的）6. 第三人称复数：Theirs（他们的/她们的/它们的）示例：This book is mine.（这本书是我的。
）Is this pen yours?（这支笔是你的吗？）That car is his.（那辆车是他的。
）The cat is hers.（那只猫是她的。
）三、人称代词宾格（Object Pronouns）1. 第一人称单数：Me（我）2. 第二人称单数：You（你/您）3. 第三人称单数：Him（他）、Her（她）、It（它）4. 第一人称复数：Us（我们）5. 第二人称复数：You（你们/您们）6. 第三人称复数：Them（他们/她们/它们）示例：She called me yesterday.（她昨天给我打电话了。
小学冀教版英语语法归纳总结表一、词类（Parts of Speech）1. 名词（Noun）- 定义：表示人、动物、地点、事物等名称。
- 例子：book（书）、teacher（老师）、dog（狗）、London（伦敦）- 特点：可数（countable）和不可数（uncountable），可以具有所有格（possessive）形式。
2. 代词（Pronoun）- 定义：代替名词使用，常用于避免重复。
- 例子：I（我）、he（他）、it（它）、they（他们）- 特点：分为人称代词（personal pronouns）、物主代词（possessive pronouns）、反身代词（reflexive pronouns）等。
3. 形容词（Adjective）- 定义：修饰名词或代词，描述人或物的特征。
- 例子：beautiful（漂亮的）、happy（快乐的）、blue（蓝色的）- 特点：可以用于比较级（comparative）和最高级（superlative）形式。
4. 动词（Verb）- 定义：表示动作、状态或存在。
- 例子：run（跑）、eat（吃）、play（玩）- 特点：根据时态（tense）和语态（voice）的不同形式变化。
5. 副词（Adverb）- 定义：修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、地点、方式等。
- 例子：quickly（快速地）、now（现在）、here（这里）- 特点：可以用于构成比较级和最高级形式。
6. 介词（Preposition）- 定义：连接词与其他词之间的关系。
- 例子：in（在）、on（在……上）、under（在……下）- 特点：常用于表示位置、方向、时间、原因等。
7. 连词（Conjunction）- 定义：连接词组、句子或句子的部分。
- 例子：and（和）、but（但是）、because（因为）- 特点：可以表示并列关系、递进关系、转折关系等。
8. 感叹词（Interjection）- 定义：表示强烈的情感或观点。
代词英语知识点总结一、人称代词（Personal Pronouns）1. 主格和宾格主格（Subjective Case）的人称代词用于作主语，比如：- I am a student.- You are my friend.- He is a doctor.- She is a teacher.- It is a cat.- We are classmates.- You are students.- They are doctors.宾格（Objective Case）的人称代词用于作宾语，比如：- She loves me.- He helps us.- They teach him.- We see her.- You can trust them.2. 形容词性和代词性形容词性的人称代词用于修饰名词，比如：- My book is on the table.- Her bag is black.- Your cat is cute.- Their house is big.代词性的人称代词可以替代名词，比如：- This is my book. (This is mine.)- Is this your bag? (Is this yours?)- Whose cat is this? (Whose is this cat?)- Those are their houses. (Those are theirs.)3. 反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）反身代词用于表示动作的主语和宾语指向同一人或事物，比如：- I cut myself.- You hurt yourself.- He prides himself.- She enjoys herself.- It takes care of itself.- We dress ourselves.- You help yourselves.- They express themselves.4. 物主代词（Possessive Pronouns）物主代词用于表示所有关系，比如：- This is my book. (This is mine.)- That is your bag. (That is yours.)- Whose cat is this? (Whose is this?)- Those are their houses. (Those are theirs.)5. 反身代词和物主代词的区别反身代词用于表示自己做某事，物主代词用于表示所拥有的东西。
Possessive pronounsPossessive pronouns indicate to whom an object belongs. If I say this is my pencil, the pencil apparently belongs to me. 'My' is a possessive pronoun.English Dutchmy mijnyour je /[marked] jouwyour [formal] uwhis zijnher haarits zijnour ons/onzeyour jullie/jetheir hunOn the next page, you can see examples of how the possessive pronouns are used. Your: Je / jouwIf we want to stress that the object is owned by you, we use jouw instead of je. This is the only possessive pronoun with a marked and un unmarked version.unmarked Je wekker heeft ons allemaalwakker gemaakt. Your alarm clock woke us all up.marked Jouw wekker (niet mijnwekker) heeft ons allemaalwakker gemaakt. Your alarm clock (not my alarm clock) woke us all up.Its: ZijnWe do not have a translation for 'its' in Dutch, we simply use zijn (his). Here, it does not matter whether the noun is neuter ('het'), feminine, or masculine (both 'de').Het weer en zijn onvoorspelbaarheid. T he weather and its unpredictability.De politie maakte zijn cijfersopenbaar.The police published its statistics.'De politie' is actually a feminine word but in everyday Dutch, the Dutch do not distinguish between masculine and femine words any more (but the Flemish still do). The Dutch sometimes make this distinction for abstract nouns (which sounds rather sophisticated). When in doubt, in everyday Dutch, zijn is acceptable.Now that you know that de politie is feminine, you can also write haar:De politie maakte haar cijfers openbaar. The police published its ('her') statistics.Our: Ons/onzeOns (our) is inflected according to the noun it precedes. A de-noun gets onze, ahet-noun ons.de auto the car onze auto our carde auto's the cars onze autos our carshet huis the house ons huis our housede huizen the houses onze huizen our housesNote that a plural noun is always a de-noun, regardless of whether its singular form takes de or het as an article. That is why singular 'het huis' becomes 'ons huis', while its plural form is onze huizen.Plural your: Jullie or je?For the marked form, we always use 'jullie' but when the possessive pronoun is not stressed, we can use both 'jullie' and 'je'. 'Jullie' is the most common form.Hij heeft jullie boeken bij zich.Not: Hij heeft je boeken bij zich.He has brought (plural) your books.We wachten op jullie ouders. Not: We wachten op je ouders. We are waiting for (plural) your parents.You have to use 'je' if by this, you avoid two instances of 'jullie' in a row.Hebben jullie je boeken bij je? Not: Hebben jullie jullie boeken bij je? Have you brought (plural) your books?Hebben jullie je ouders gezien?Not: Hebben jullie jullie oudersgezien?Have you seen (plural) your parents?Examples of Dutch possessive pronouns.Ik heb mijn baan opgezegd. I quit my job.Dit is je laatste kans. This is your last chance.Dat is jouw keuze (niet mijn keuze). That is your choice (not my choice).De boom heeft zijn bladeren verloren. The tree has lost its leaves.Het paard en zijn staart. The horse and its tail.Hij trekt zijn schoenen uit. He takes off his shoes.Ze zegt haar buren gedag. She greets her neighbours.We doen ons werk. We do our job.Ze onthield onze namen. She remembered our names.Waar zijn jullie ouders? Where are your (plural) parents?We kennen hun ideeën. We know their ideas.Independent possessive pronounsJust like in English, the Dutch use independent possessives. An independent possessive does not precede a noun, as in "It is my pencil", but stands alone: "It is mine".The independent possessive is only used when the possessor is a person.English Dutchmine de/het mijneyours de/het jouweyours [formal] de/het uweits -his de/het zijnehers de/het hareours de/het onzeyours -theirs de/het hunneFor 'its' and plural 'yours', the Dutch do not have independent possessive pronouns.In Dutch, the independent possessive pronoun requires an article. This can be de or het, depending on the noun it refers to.de jas mijn jas de mijnehet boek mijn boek het mijneOurs: onzeWe say 'het onz e' and 'de onz e'. In this respect, it behaves the same as an independent adjective.No plural 'yours'The Dutch do not have an independent form for plural 'yours'. Instead, you can use the alternative independent possessive.Independent possessives in actionDutch independent possessives are always preceded by a definite article: de or het. Which article we use, depends on whether the pronoun refers to a het-noun or ade-noun.de jas the coat dat is de mijne that is minehet boek the book dat is het mijne that is minede oren the ears dat zijn de jouwe* those are yourshet idee the idea dat is het jouwe that is yoursde fiets the bicycle dat is de uwe that is yours(formal) het gezicht the face dat is het uwe that is yours(formal) de ogen the eyes dat zijn de zijne* those are hishet oog the eye dat is het zijne that is hisde kam the comb dat is de hare that is hershet oor the ear dat is het hare that is hersde tent the tent dat is de onze that is ourshet plan the plan dat is het onze that is oursde visie the vision dat is de hunne that is theirshet doel the goal dat is het hunne that is theirs(*) As you can see, it does not matter whether the possessive pronoun refers to a singular or plural wordThe alternative possessiveOn the previous page, we discussed the Dutch equivalent of English 'yours', 'mine', 'ours', etc. In Dutch, we have another way of saying that something belongs to someone. In English, we do not say: "This book is of me" but in Dutch this is a very common expression.English Dutchmine van mijyours van jouyours [formal] van uhis van hemhers van haarours van onsyours van jullietheirs van henIn Dutch, we do not have a separate form for 'its'. The translation of 'of it' is 'ervan' (see pronominal adverbs). If we want to stress that something belongs to 'it', we say 'hiervan' (of this) or 'daarvan' (of that).However, its use is more limited than the forms in the table above. You can compare it to English. You can say: "This is the front side of that" (Dutch: "Dit is de voorzijde daarvan"), but you would not say: "This front side is of that". It is the same in Dutch; we do not say "Deze voorzijde is daarvan".ExamplesDie jas is van mij. That coat is mine.Het idee was van jou. The idea was yours.Die foto is van hem. That photo is his.Die hond is van haar. That dog is hers.Dat project is van ons. That project is ours.Het kantoor is van jullie. The office is yours (plural).De school is van hen. The school is theirs.Die/dat van mijSuppose we both possess a mobile phone. We have the same ring tone. One of our phones is ringing. Whose phone is it? I check my bag and learn that I am the person who is being called.Telling you that the phone is mine is not a suitable remark in this case. I want to say that it is MY phone that was ringing, not YOUR phone, which could very well have been the case since we have identical ring tones.Therefore, I look at you and say: "Het is die van mij" (It is the one that belongs to me) and I answer the call.Note that for this construction, we only use die and dat (that, those), we do not use dit and deze (this, these).[De jas] Het is die van mij (niet die van jou). [The coat]It is the one that belongs to me (notthe one that belongs to you).[Het idee] Het is dat van jou . [The idea] It is the one that belongs to you. [De foto] Het is die van hem . [The photo] It is the one that belongs to him [De hond] Het is die van haar . [The dog] It is the one that belongs to her. [Het project] Het is dat van ons . [The project] It is the one that belongs to us. [Het kantoor] Het is dat van jullie . [The office] It is the one that belongs to you[plural].[De school] Het is die van hen . [The school] It is the one that belongs to them.Possessive names and nounsAdding a noun or proper name before a possessive pronounIn Dutch, we sometimes add the possessor's name before the pronoun. It is considered very informal, if not colloquial. We only do this for the third person singular and plural:Dat is Loes haar jas. That is Loes' (her) coat.Ik heb de buurman zijn sleutel hier liggen. I have the neighbour's (his) key (lying) here.De atleten hun medailles. The athletes' (their) medals.Turning a proper name into a possessive nounNext to possessive pronouns, we also have possessive nouns. We find the same in English, e.g. "Andrew's bicycle". In Dutch, we also add the letter 's' to the proper name.There are two differences between Dutch and English. In Dutch:1.We can only turn proper names into possessive nouns. Andrew's bicycle ispossible, but my neighbour's bicycle is not.2.We only use an apostrophe if the name ends in a vowel (with the exception ofthe mute e) or the letter s.That is Loes' coat.[Loes]Dat is Loes' jas.Grandma's car.[Oma]Oma's auto.Janneke's daughter.[Janneke]Jannekes dochter.Tom's key.[Tom]Toms sleutel∙Because Loes ends in 's', we do not add an extra 's'. We simply add an apostrophe. This is identical to English.∙Oma ends in a long vowel (a). To keep the vowel long, we add an apostrophe.∙Janneke ends in a mute e. We do not have to add an apostrophe.∙Tom ends in a consonant. We do not have to add an apostrophe.Colloquial possessivesIn spoken Dutch, the colloquial forms are a lot more common.Normal form Colloquialmijn m'nzijn z'nhaar d'rM'n (my) and z'n (his) are also often used in written language.。
Possessive pronounsPossessive pronouns indicate to whom an object belongs. If I say this is my pencil, the pencil apparently belongs to me. 'My' is a possessive pronoun.English Dutchmy mijnyour je /[marked] jouwyour [formal] uwhis zijnher haarits zijnour ons/onzeyour jullie/jetheir hunOn the next page, you can see examples of how the possessive pronouns are used. Your: Je / jouwIf we want to stress that the object is owned by you, we use jouw instead of je. This is the only possessive pronoun with a marked and un unmarked version.unmarked Je wekker heeft ons allemaalwakker gemaakt. Your alarm clock woke us all up.marked Jouw wekker (niet mijnwekker) heeft ons allemaalwakker gemaakt. Your alarm clock (not my alarm clock) woke us all up.Its: ZijnWe do not have a translation for 'its' in Dutch, we simply use zijn (his). Here, it does not matter whether the noun is neuter ('het'), feminine, or masculine (both 'de').Het weer en zijn onvoorspelbaarheid. T he weather and its unpredictability.De politie maakte zijn cijfersopenbaar.The police published its statistics.'De politie' is actually a feminine word but in everyday Dutch, the Dutch do not distinguish between masculine and femine words any more (but the Flemish still do). The Dutch sometimes make this distinction for abstract nouns (which sounds rather sophisticated). When in doubt, in everyday Dutch, zijn is acceptable.Now that you know that de politie is feminine, you can also write haar:De politie maakte haar cijfers openbaar. The police published its ('her') statistics.Our: Ons/onzeOns (our) is inflected according to the noun it precedes. A de-noun gets onze, ahet-noun ons.de auto the car onze auto our carde auto's the cars onze autos our carshet huis the house ons huis our housede huizen the houses onze huizen our housesNote that a plural noun is always a de-noun, regardless of whether its singular form takes de or het as an article. That is why singular 'het huis' becomes 'ons huis', while its plural form is onze huizen.Plural your: Jullie or je?For the marked form, we always use 'jullie' but when the possessive pronoun is not stressed, we can use both 'jullie' and 'je'. 'Jullie' is the most common form.Hij heeft jullie boeken bij zich.Not: Hij heeft je boeken bij zich.He has brought (plural) your books.We wachten op jullie ouders. Not: We wachten op je ouders. We are waiting for (plural) your parents.You have to use 'je' if by this, you avoid two instances of 'jullie' in a row.Hebben jullie je boeken bij je? Not: Hebben jullie jullie boeken bij je? Have you brought (plural) your books?Hebben jullie je ouders gezien?Not: Hebben jullie jullie oudersgezien?Have you seen (plural) your parents?Examples of Dutch possessive pronouns.Ik heb mijn baan opgezegd. I quit my job.Dit is je laatste kans. This is your last chance.Dat is jouw keuze (niet mijn keuze). That is your choice (not my choice).De boom heeft zijn bladeren verloren. The tree has lost its leaves.Het paard en zijn staart. The horse and its tail.Hij trekt zijn schoenen uit. He takes off his shoes.Ze zegt haar buren gedag. She greets her neighbours.We doen ons werk. We do our job.Ze onthield onze namen. She remembered our names.Waar zijn jullie ouders? Where are your (plural) parents?We kennen hun ideeën. We know their ideas.Independent possessive pronounsJust like in English, the Dutch use independent possessives. An independent possessive does not precede a noun, as in "It is my pencil", but stands alone: "It is mine".The independent possessive is only used when the possessor is a person.English Dutchmine de/het mijneyours de/het jouweyours [formal] de/het uweits -his de/het zijnehers de/het hareours de/het onzeyours -theirs de/het hunneFor 'its' and plural 'yours', the Dutch do not have independent possessive pronouns.In Dutch, the independent possessive pronoun requires an article. This can be de or het, depending on the noun it refers to.de jas mijn jas de mijnehet boek mijn boek het mijneOurs: onzeWe say 'het onz e' and 'de onz e'. In this respect, it behaves the same as an independent adjective.No plural 'yours'The Dutch do not have an independent form for plural 'yours'. Instead, you can use the alternative independent possessive.Independent possessives in actionDutch independent possessives are always preceded by a definite article: de or het. Which article we use, depends on whether the pronoun refers to a het-noun or ade-noun.de jas the coat dat is de mijne that is minehet boek the book dat is het mijne that is minede oren the ears dat zijn de jouwe* those are yourshet idee the idea dat is het jouwe that is yoursde fiets the bicycle dat is de uwe that is yours(formal) het gezicht the face dat is het uwe that is yours(formal) de ogen the eyes dat zijn de zijne* those are hishet oog the eye dat is het zijne that is hisde kam the comb dat is de hare that is hershet oor the ear dat is het hare that is hersde tent the tent dat is de onze that is ourshet plan the plan dat is het onze that is oursde visie the vision dat is de hunne that is theirshet doel the goal dat is het hunne that is theirs(*) As you can see, it does not matter whether the possessive pronoun refers to a singular or plural wordThe alternative possessiveOn the previous page, we discussed the Dutch equivalent of English 'yours', 'mine', 'ours', etc. In Dutch, we have another way of saying that something belongs to someone. In English, we do not say: "This book is of me" but in Dutch this is a very common expression.English Dutchmine van mijyours van jouyours [formal] van uhis van hemhers van haarours van onsyours van jullietheirs van henIn Dutch, we do not have a separate form for 'its'. The translation of 'of it' is 'ervan' (see pronominal adverbs). If we want to stress that something belongs to 'it', we say 'hiervan' (of this) or 'daarvan' (of that).However, its use is more limited than the forms in the table above. You can compare it to English. You can say: "This is the front side of that" (Dutch: "Dit is de voorzijde daarvan"), but you would not say: "This front side is of that". It is the same in Dutch; we do not say "Deze voorzijde is daarvan".ExamplesDie jas is van mij. That coat is mine.Het idee was van jou. The idea was yours.Die foto is van hem. That photo is his.Die hond is van haar. That dog is hers.Dat project is van ons. That project is ours.Het kantoor is van jullie. The office is yours (plural).De school is van hen. The school is theirs.Die/dat van mijSuppose we both possess a mobile phone. We have the same ring tone. One of our phones is ringing. Whose phone is it? I check my bag and learn that I am the person who is being called.Telling you that the phone is mine is not a suitable remark in this case. I want to say that it is MY phone that was ringing, not YOUR phone, which could very well have been the case since we have identical ring tones.Therefore, I look at you and say: "Het is die van mij" (It is the one that belongs to me) and I answer the call.Note that for this construction, we only use die and dat (that, those), we do not use dit and deze (this, these).[De jas] Het is die van mij (niet die van jou). [The coat]It is the one that belongs to me (notthe one that belongs to you).[Het idee] Het is dat van jou . [The idea] It is the one that belongs to you. [De foto] Het is die van hem . [The photo] It is the one that belongs to him [De hond] Het is die van haar . [The dog] It is the one that belongs to her. [Het project] Het is dat van ons . [The project] It is the one that belongs to us. [Het kantoor] Het is dat van jullie . [The office] It is the one that belongs to you[plural].[De school] Het is die van hen . [The school] It is the one that belongs to them.Possessive names and nounsAdding a noun or proper name before a possessive pronounIn Dutch, we sometimes add the possessor's name before the pronoun. It is considered very informal, if not colloquial. We only do this for the third person singular and plural:Dat is Loes haar jas. That is Loes' (her) coat.Ik heb de buurman zijn sleutel hier liggen. I have the neighbour's (his) key (lying) here.De atleten hun medailles. The athletes' (their) medals.Turning a proper name into a possessive nounNext to possessive pronouns, we also have possessive nouns. We find the same in English, e.g. "Andrew's bicycle". In Dutch, we also add the letter 's' to the proper name.There are two differences between Dutch and English. In Dutch:1.We can only turn proper names into possessive nouns. Andrew's bicycle ispossible, but my neighbour's bicycle is not.2.We only use an apostrophe if the name ends in a vowel (with the exception ofthe mute e) or the letter s.That is Loes' coat.[Loes]Dat is Loes' jas.Grandma's car.[Oma]Oma's auto.Janneke's daughter.[Janneke]Jannekes dochter.Tom's key.[Tom]Toms sleutel∙Because Loes ends in 's', we do not add an extra 's'. We simply add an apostrophe. This is identical to English.∙Oma ends in a long vowel (a). To keep the vowel long, we add an apostrophe.∙Janneke ends in a mute e. We do not have to add an apostrophe.∙Tom ends in a consonant. We do not have to add an apostrophe.Colloquial possessivesIn spoken Dutch, the colloquial forms are a lot more common.Normal form Colloquialmijn m'nzijn z'nhaar d'rM'n (my) and z'n (his) are also often used in written language.。
最全的小学英语语法总结XXX grammar1.PronounsSubject pronouns: I。
we。
you。
she。
he。
it。
theyObject pronouns: me。
us。
you。
her。
him。
it。
themPossessive adjectives: my。
our。
your。
her。
his。
its。
theirPossessive pronouns: XXX。
ours。
yours。
hers。
his。
its。
theirsparison of adjectives and adverbs1) Add -er after the adjective or adverb: older。
taller。
longer。
stronger。
etc.2) Add more before the adjective or adverb for longer words: more interesting。
etc.3) Double the final consonant and add -er: bigger。
fatter。
etc.4) Change y to i and add -er: heavier。
earlier5) Irregular forms: well-better。
much/many-more。
etc.3.Plural forms of countable nounsMost nouns add -s: a book–booksXXX + y change y to i and add -es: a story—storiesNouns ending in s。
sh。
ch。
or x add -es: a glass—glasses。
a watch—watchesNouns ending in o add -s or -es: a piano—pianos。
a mango—mangoesXXX: a knife–knives。
