新标准大学英语4 答案及翻译(1-8)

大学英语新标准4原文翻译大学英语新标准4原文翻译。

Unit 1。

Part I。

Text A。

The Dangers of Overwork。

现代社会，人们的工作压力越来越大，许多人都陷入了过度劳累的状态。

然而，过度劳累对健康的危害是巨大的。

首先，长时间的工作会导致身体疲劳，影响身体各个系统的正常运转。

其次，过度劳累还会增加患疾病的风险，比如心脏病、高血压等。

此外，长期过度劳累还会影响人的心理健康，导致焦虑、抑郁等问题。

因此，我们应该重视自己的健康，合理安排工作和休息时间，避免过度劳累。

Part II。

Text B。

The Importance of Sleep。

睡眠对于人的健康至关重要。

充足的睡眠可以帮助人们恢复体力，保持身体健康。

睡眠不足会导致身体疲劳，影响工作和学习效率。

此外，睡眠不足还会影响人的心理健康，导致情绪不稳定、注意力不集中等问题。

因此，我们应该重视睡眠，保持良好的作息习惯，保证每天充足的睡眠时间。

Unit 2。

Part I。

Text A。

The Benefits of Exercise。

适当的运动对于身体健康有很多好处。

首先，运动可以帮助人们保持身体健康，增强体质。

其次，运动还可以帮助人们减轻压力，缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪。

此外，运动还可以帮助人们保持良好的体型，提高自信心。

因此，我们应该每天保持适当的运动量，让运动成为生活的一部分。

Part II。

Text B。

The Importance of a Balanced Diet。

饮食对于人的健康同样至关重要。

均衡的饮食可以帮助人们摄取各种营养物质，保持身体健康。

过度饮食会导致肥胖，增加患疾病的风险。

此外，不良的饮食习惯还会导致营养不良，影响身体健康。

因此，我们应该保持均衡的饮食，多吃蔬菜水果，少吃油腻食物和高糖食品。

Unit 3。

Part I。

Text A。

The Importance of Time Management。

时间管理对于大学生来说至关重要。

新标准大英四课后答案Unit 1。

Part I。

1. C2. A3. B4. C5. A。

Part II。

1. What's your name?2. How old are you?3. Where are you from?4. What's your favorite food?5. Do you like sports?Part III。

1. What's your name?2. My name is Tom.3. How old are you?4. I am 15 years old.5. Where are you from?6. I am from London.7. What's your favorite food?8. My favorite food is pizza.9. Do you like sports?10. Yes, I like playing basketball.Unit 2。

Part I。

1. C2. B3. A4. C5. A。

Part II。

1. What do you do in your free time?2. What's your favorite subject at school?3. Do you have any hobbies?4. What's your dream job?5. What do you want to be in the future?Part III。

1. What do you do in your free time?2. I like reading books and playing video games.3. What's your favorite subject at school?4. My favorite subject is English.5. Do you have any hobbies?6. Yes, I like playing the guitar.7. What's your dream job?8. I want to be a doctor in the future.9. What do you want to be in the future?10. I want to be a teacher.Part I。

Unit 1 Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能参加奇特聚会的印象开始消退。

总算熬到头了。

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。

这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了哼哼一代的成员。

他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更清晰的计划。

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。

他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国国论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的。

若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。

跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。

其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市摆货，其余的都是白天9点到5点“无所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间。

Unit 3时装潮流50年1960 至2010 年间的时装史存在着两个不可忽略或不可低估的不变因素一是无处不在的牛仔裤二是女装裙摆的升降。

牛仔裤是用粗斜纹布做的早在16 世纪末法国就有了这种布料。

直到19 世纪中叶李维·施特劳斯发现在加州淘金热中劳动的矿工很需要用这种耐用布料做成的牛仔裤他还用铆钉来加固裤子。

直到1950 年代蓝色粗斜纹布做的牛仔裤一直只是流行的工装但是后来牛仔裤变成了青春、新思想、反叛及个性的标志。

1950 年代末李维·施特劳斯公司开始向欧亚出口蓝色牛仔裤。

年轻人趋之若鹜视其为美国活力四射的、随意的生活方式的象征。

裙摆在这一时期有着特殊的意义。

人们时常会注意到女人的裙摆和经济之间存在一种颇为精确的关联性且鲜有例外。

股市升时裙摆也跟着上升股市跌时裙摆就跟着下降。

在经济繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少暴露双腿至今仍然是个迷。

但总的趋势是必定是这样的每当经济前景不明朗时男人和女人都倾向于穿比较保守的衣服。

1960 年代时装史上一个最重要的发展就是英国时装设计师玛丽〃匡特发明的超短裙。

由于匡特在“摇摆伦敦”的中心地带工作超短裙很快就风行全球。

当法国杰出的时装设计师库雷热把超短裙变成一件高级时装时超短裙得到了人们更多的尊敬。

但是如果只有长筒袜而没有发明裤袜的话超短裙是不可能在全球流行的因为裙摆的上升会让人看见长筒袜的袜口。

60 年代中、70 年代初的嬉皮士运动影响了牛仔裤的设计牛仔裤的裤腿发展成了扩张的“喇叭形”。

到了70 年代中期随着经济的恶化裙摆降低到了小腿中部和脚踝部而牛仔裤则不再是清一色的蓝色了。

牛仔裤在朋克时期依然很时髦裤腿通常有撕裂的口子并配有铁链及打着装饰钉的皮带。

这种样式的牛仔裤延续了几年但流行的范围越来越小仅限于内城区的少数年轻人群体对其他年龄段的群体影响不大。

作为对朋克无政府主义的一种抗拒新浪漫派是一个主要出现在英国夜总会的时装潮流。

这种时装大胆创新、魅力十足 衬衫以皱褶和奢侈为特征牛仔裤是绝对不可以接受的。

应Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn‘t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he‘s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn‘t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don‘t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone‘s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I‘m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it‘s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn‘t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don‘t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn‘t much after they‘d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she‘ll get a good degree, but I wouldn‘t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here ―kind of‖ is a sort of discour se marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it‘s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it‘s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the se ntences using try as … might .1 I‘m trying to fill this last page, but I just can‘t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can‘t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn‘t seem to respond.Try as I migh t to be friendly with Marta, she doesn‘t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can‘t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can‘t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn‘t seem to get the promotion he deserve s, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn‘t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn‘t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we‘re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we‘re all here, I thin k it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it‘s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it‘s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She‘s experienced at giving advice. I‘m more experienced.She‘s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I‘m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn‘t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don‘t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn‘t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don‘t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn‘t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven‘t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy ―kissing and making up‖ after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it‘s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It‘s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that‘s before I‘ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I‘m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won‘t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I‘m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

新标准大学英语综合教程4(unit1-8)课后答案及课文翻译B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are youlikely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likelyto feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do yousuggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to thereader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London Schoolof Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (i t’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in use1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences us ing try as … might .。

新标准大学英语综合教程4u n i t1~8翻译答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1UNIT1:If you ask me, taking a second major isn’t good for every undergraduate. In my freshman year as an English major, I took economics as my minor. By all odds, I was the most hardworking student in my class. But try as I might to meet the requirements of the two different subjects, I still couldn’t do well enough to pass all the exams. Given that the study of economics required a good command ofmathematics, I had to spend so much time on math that I neglected my English major.Failing English Literature and Macroeconomics in the second semester sounded the alarm for me. This was the first time I did not pass a course in my life, which had greatly sapped my confidence. Although I was not a man who would easily bow to fate, as the summer break came to a close, I decided to give up economics for fear that I would fail in both subjects. Now that I had only one subject to attend to, everything seemed to be on the right track again.UNIT2:It was not after he graduated from university and started to work that Zhang Lei has become aware of the pleasure of reading. Reflecting on his undergraduate studies, he remorses/ laments/ regrets that he only read textbooks, none of which was really worthwhile and could be read in one sitting, while his classmates immersed themselves in various interesting books they could lay hands on from the library or bookstores. He was deprived of the access to wonderful worlds created by writers, so to speak.Now, Zhang Lei is an avid and omnivorous reader, as if he wants to read all the good books he hadn’t had a chance to read in his university days. He has by now in his spare time read several hundreds of books, including novels, biographies and travel notes. He has realized that books can not only reveal/display to him a vista of a bright future and help him withstand stresses and strains, they can also help him clear up/clarify some misconceptions/ misunderstandings and discover the truth of life.UNIT3:What you wear/Your dress code seems to dictate/determine/define your behaviour. For instance/example, one of the hard and fast rules primary school and middle school students have to observe/adhere to is that they must wear school uniforms at school. There is no doubt that school uniforms would not have achieved their currency without a symbolic correlation between the uniformity of clothes and students’ conformity to some code of conduct.However, years of school life have led to a backlash in the students’ mind against the ubiquitous uniform, which, after all, has suppressed the expression of individuality. For compensation, students usually put on casual wear on weekends. It is not until they go to university that they can really enjoy dressing the way they like. The anarchy of dress is associated with cultivation of creativity, the encouragement of free expression of ideas and talents. But this freedom won’t obtain/stay long. After a relatively/comparatively short time of liberty, they may find themselves under the revived pressure of dress code soon after they become professionals. UNIT4:When it comes to the effects of the current economicdownturn/crunch/depression, the decrease of student activities is a good case in point. To enliven/animate campus life, the/a university is always willing to carve out some money for activities organized by student clubs and societies. But such sponsorships have been pared down this year because of huge budget cut. Apparently, student organizations need to weather their own financial crisis if they want to recover/revive their vitality. Some suggest enrolling more club members, on the ground that the increase of membership fees may help them get out of/go through the difficultyNo doubt, if we have more members paying the annual fee, and if we cut back on our daily expenses, we can spare some money to organize activities. But the bottom line is the expenses of these activities are in proportion to the number of participants, so I’m afraid enrolling more members won’t be of much help. To boost student activities and to avoid going into the red, we still need to pool our ideas and come up with some other ways of raising money, in lieu of just relying on university grants and membership fees.UINT5:Our presumption/s about an ideal husband or wife reveals/tells/indicates our gender expectations and/as well as our response s to them. If most girls/young women expect their fiancés to be tough/strong, capable and reliable, there is no option left for boys/young men other than to be trained as expected so as/if they want to win girls’/women’s heart. If they go against the expectations/act to the contrary, they may/will most likely/probably bemoan their bachelor’s status for the rest of their lives.Following the same unwritten rule,/This unwritten rule is applicable in reverse. if/If most boys/young men want their fiancées to be caring, patient and faithful more than anything else, girls/young women are prone to let on that they will become faithful wives and loving mothers even if they are not that type/kind of girls/young women .A further look into the gender expectations uncovers physiological and social factors behind./ Looking into the gender expectations, we will find that they are based on physiological and social factors. It goes without saying that women are physically prepared/built to bear children, while/whereas men are totally/utterly unfit for the job./ a job absolutely beyond men’s capability/a job absolutely impossible for men. Therefore, what a man has to is to commit/devote himself to providing food and necessities for the well-being of the familyUNIT6:To make the campus safer/For the safety of the campus, the university authorities recently released/announced a new regulation thatforbids/prohibits/prevents any vendors from entering the campus. The president called on the students to cooperate/call for the students’ cooperation with the university on this matter/on that, but the students’ opposition was strong/were strongly opposed to the regulation/strongly opposed the regulation, and hundreds of them expressed their anger/ outrage on the university BBS.They complained that to keep vendors off the campus is like deserting students on an isolated island, as the university was far away/distant from the downtown and the shops on campus did not provide enough commodities/comodities were notreadily available in the shops on campus. Some claimed that it was precisely/exactly for matters of this kind that the university should listen to students’ opinions and understand their needs. Some students thought/ believed the university had got it wrong in believing/assuming/their belief that this regulation will ensure/grant safety on campusShocked by the students’ reaction, the president tried to make amends for his mistake by announcing that the university would look into this new regulation again. / The president was shocked by the students’ reaction. To make amends, he announced/ proclaimed that… He told students that they were absolutely entitled to ( live) a convenient and comfortable life, but safety is just as much an important concern as that. He proposed to build a big supermarket within the campus and some convenient stores near the dormitory buildings/ domitories, which would certainly make students’ life much easier.UNIT7:In the graduation ceremony, Thomas Clark, a veteran/an experienced CTO of a renowned IT company, offered some important advice to 140 computer science majors who aspired to pursue a successful career in IT.According to Clark, information technology is not just about assembling machines and devices; it is a domain where innovation plays the key/critical role.So naturally/it’s only natural that IT workers have to endure/be resilient to great/enormous pressure in their work as they need to/are expected to come up with new ideas on a daily basis.But Clark also pointed out/reminded the students that the ultimate goal of IT business is (making) profit. If you want to succeed/be successful in this area, you need to/have to keep/bear in mind that innovation is not synonymous with individualismIt is worth noticing that because of arrogance and poor communication skill many gifted/talented young people have not been able to realize/dig out their potential, thus fail to achieve success. Clark emphasized/ stressed that you must learn to cooperate with people from different departments, so as to make products that will be accepted by the market/adaptable/adapted to the market, then it is how your talent can blossom.UNIT8:When the new National Museum was completed/ After the completion ofthe …, some citizens and architects were indignant at the presence/ appearance of a modern building amist the most beautiful and exquisite ancient buildings of the city.There was also an outburst of criticism for its high cost of maintenance/ its expensive maintance and its strange shape/ awkward form. Obviously/ With no doubt, some people felt uncomfortable/ uneasy with such fashionable modernbuildings being erected in the city. But on the other hand, many artists and citizens believed that these criticisms failed to do justice to the architectural beauty and artistic maturity of the new museum.The debate over this museum leads many people to comtemplate the future of those ancient buildings of the city in an age when the public increasingly worship modern Western technology and styles. With their extravagance and complexity, buildings in an ancient fashion are costly to construct on a large scale. At the same time, modern buildings of Western styles cannot always transend cultural barriers. Maybe a more moderate approach should be adopted. A careful overall plan should be made beforehand to ensure that the ancient buildings are properly preserved and the modern buildings become a harmonious part of the city.。

包含综合教程4中的一些课文翻译及习题答案综合教程4课后答案Handouts and Key to book4 unit1-4Unit 1Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaBackground informationAbout the passage: This is an article by an Education Correspondent, Alexandra Blair, published inSeptember XXXX in The Times, a long-established British quality newspaper. In Europe generally, and inBritain in particular, for a number of years there has been a rising number of students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment. However, for many graduates finding a job becameharder in XXXX–XXXX because the economic downturn – then a recession – meant that many employers werereducing their workforce. After their final exams, some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their field or at the level they wanted. Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stuck at home and advises their parentsto be there for their children (ie to be available if their children want to talk about the problem or if theyneed help). The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarket rather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employment later. The style is partly of a report, but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment (seen in the jokey language and problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in XXXX is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in Europe, particularly in Britain, have expanded greatly in the last fifteen years (over 45% ofyoung adults now go on to higher education), so there are more graduates looking for jobs. This competitivesituation became a lot worse in XXXX onwards with the credit crunch and economic depression, which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment. Thus new graduates have to be activeto seek a job, they need to fill in many application forms and tryto get job interviews: they won’t f indemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointshonours degree: Traditionally, in the British university system, BA and BSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories: a first class degree (written using Roman numbers as I), a second (divided into twosubcategories, written as IIii and IIii, which are called “a two one” and “a two two”), a third (written III) anda pass degree. Most people get a second. There are also ordinary degrees with more general courses of studywithout these categories.Generation Y and Grunt: The main idea here is that there is a succession of different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in North America which are given different informal namesto characterize them. First, “Baby boomers” were born in the great increase (the boom) of births after WorldWar II (1946–1960), followed by “Generation X” people (born 1960–1980) who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent, informal, entrepreneurial, and expected to get skills and have a career beforethem. “GenerationY” or the “Millenial Generation” (born 1980s and 1990s and becoming adult in the newmillenium) are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce; they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents, to have structured lives, to be used to teamwork and diverse people in a multicultural society. Inthe passage, this generation is now becoming (morphing into) Generation Grunt, which is an ironic namereferring to repetitive, low status, routine or mindless work –this may be the only work available to somegraduates, who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience before they find something moresuitable. “Grunt” also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners and to the deep sound that is made by a pig;when pe ople “grunt” they express disgust but do not communicate with words – this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A comprehensive refers to a British type of secondary school which became popular in the1960s. Before thatthere were academic “grammar schools” and more general “secondary modern” schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests, but thecomprehensive schools were designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether they were academic or not. Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school probably felt that had to study particularly hard (I worked my backsideoff) to get to university, compared to those who went to grammar schools where all students were academic–comprehensive students felt they had to struggle to get to university.Chicken suit This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which makes the person look like agiant chicken. Before he became a famous actor, Brad Pitt once dressed in such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called El Pollo Loco (The Crazy Chicken’ in Spanish) – the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers to come to the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eat well and go to theodd party, began to fade. Until now. (Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son’s university feesand living expenses (so that he could eatwell) and for occasional social events – at graduation these memories of money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud. But now the parents are thinking of money again because the son doesn’thave a job and doesn’t seem to be activel y seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of Generation X (of the parents’ generation who worked hard, got jobs, and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same) has changed into a member of Generation Grunt – hedoesn’t seem to communicate much, lies around and doesn’t get a job (or can only do a low status routingjob).3 I passed the exams, but at the interviews they accused me of being ‘too detached’ and talking inlanguage that was ‘too technocratic’, which I didn’t think possible, but obviously it is. (Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post, but he was criticized in the selection interviews:They said he was detached (not personally involved) and too technocratic (he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority). As a new graduate he probably wanted to show his expertise in hislanguage so he can’t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 “chilling” b efore heading to the pub. (Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job (like stacking goods on a supermarket shelf) chill outall day (they spend their time casually relaxing –they don’t look for work) and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my backside off to go to a good university …(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities (not to a special school for academic students) and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university: Your backside means your bottom – the part of yourbody that you sit on – to work your backside off is informal and it means you work very hard indeed.6 … but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed. (Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job (presumably the father is also working full-time), so she doesnot have relevant personal experience. For her, it is tricky to give advice (difficult to do).7 Carry on life as n ormal and don’t allow them to abuse your bank account or sap your reserve ofemotional energy. (Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual. They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents’ money unnecessaril y, nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions. Sap their reserve means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle. (Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that they get back into control of their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions. Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explainwhy the other answers are wrong (Seebelow).1 Why hasn’t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a) He doesn’t have a very good degree.(No, he has a 2:1 which is considered a good degree. )(b) He refuses to apply for jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c) It isn’t easy to get a job in the current financial climate. (This may be true but the passage does not mention this.) (d) He prefers to stay at home and help his family.(No, he doesn’t seem to be helping his family: he watches TV and talks to friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a) Doing a temporary job.(No, some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn’t want to do this.)(b) Watching television.(He watches TV a lot.)(c) Queuing up in the university careers service.(No, he went there once but he didn’t want to queue so he walked away.)(d) Preparing for the next job interview.(No, he doesn’t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a) They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening. (All except one of them do nothing except chill, then they go to the pub.)(b) They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No, none of them seem to do outdoor activities; there is no mention of sailing.)(c) They are forced to work by their parents.(No, only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves by his parents; the others seem to be likeJack.)(d) They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No, the text mentions bar work but none of Jack’s friends seem to do this work.)4 How are Jack’s parents helping him?(a) By looking for jobs for him.(No, Jack has tried to get a job himself; there’s nothing here about his parents helping him look for ajob.)(b) By paying for a trip to South America.(No, although he is going on a three-week trip to South America,the passage does not say thatJack’s parents have paid for this.)(c) By gradually making him more financially aware. (The passage does not say so explicitly, but this is the implication about the cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the household bills.)(d) By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No, they haven’t threatened to do this, but they definitely want him to work after he gets back fromhis trip.)5 What does Ga el Lindenfield say about Jack’s parents?(a) They have not really understood Jack’s problems.(No, she doesn’t say this; she says they must balance being positive with not making life toocomfortable. This doesn’t mean they haven’t understood Jack’s problems.)(b) They have made life too comfortable for Jack.(No, she says they must balance comfort with being positive. This doesn’t necessarily mean that theyhave already made life too comfortable for Jack.)(c) The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d) They need help from a psychologist.(No, she doesn’t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg, Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a) They all did bar work before going to university.(No, we do n’t know from the passage if any of them did this.) (b) They took part in protests against nuclear power plants. (No, we don’t know is any of them did this)(c) They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No, only Brad Pitt did this.)(d) They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives. (This is right, although they all had completely different temporary jobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It is n’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their careeris going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when(4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass,they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard(6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or fouryears away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg bad ly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) inthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are youencouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or(b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 “Will he ever get a job?” Who is asking this question? What mood does it express?The parents are asking this because the paragraph is addressed to parents (earlier it says “your graduateson”). The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word “ever” suggests that gettinga job will take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as “rebels without a cause”? Is ita fair description?This is the writer’s description to indicate that this generation is rebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against. This doesn’t seem very fair because the students aretrying to find work –it is just that they don’t like their parentsnagging them. So they are a bit rebelliousagainst their parents, but no more than that.3 Jack “walked into the university careers service and straight back out again”. What does this suggestabout Ja ck’s character?It suggests that Jack is not very determined. As soon as he saw the queue he left without waiting andwithout trying to ask about jobs or careers.4 Jack spent the summer “hiding”. Hiding from what? Why are quotation marks used?Probably this means he was hiding from the world of work, staying at home and not looking for a job.The quotation marks tell us that he wasn’t literally hiding, he just spent a lot of time at home.5 How is Mrs Goodwin’s point of view affected by her own personal experience?In one way her experience hasn’t affected her attitude: She left school and went immediately to a job(without going to university) and has been working full-time since then and yet she is sympathetic andtakes a soft line.6 How is Lindenfield’s point of view affected by her ownpersonal experience?Her personal experience was that she worked in a bar before finding her first proper job as an aerialphotographic assistant. So she says such work is a great networking opportunity. If new graduates aregood at such work and bright, cheerful and polite, they will soon be promoted. Her personal experiencethus reflects – or perhaps has created – her point of view.7 What would the first two paragraphs have focused on if they had been presented from the point of viewof the students rather than the parents?The first two paragraphs would have focused on the need for the new graduates to rest for a bit aftertheir hard studies. It is OK for students to relax with the TV or to socialize with friends for a while, thenthey can start a serious search for employment after that.Active reading (2)If you ask meBackground informationThis is an informal and personalized account of an economics graduate who gets a job in a pub for a year andthen has an opportunity to be successful (a lucky break). She works in a London pub called “The Salisbury”or “The Marquis Salisbury”, named after someone who was the British Prime Minister three times between1885 and 1902 and whose family once owned the pub’s land. The 100 year old pub is in Leadenhall Street,just off the Charing Cross Road and Leicester Square. Daytime customers can get a pub lunch and eveningcustomers include many office workers and theatre goers (the pub is near many West End theatres). Theinterior of this pub is dazzling, with large mirrors, cut glass and a mahogany décor.British pubs are often named after famous people (Robin Hood, The Duke of Wellington) or royalty (TheQueen’s Arms, the Prince of Wales) or historical symbols (The Rose and Crown to represent King EdwardIII, The Royal Oak to represent King Charles II who once hid in a large oak tree). Other names often includecolours and animals (The Red Bull, The Black Horse, The Golden Lion, The Swan) or symbols of traditionaltrades (The Compasses for carpenters, The Three Hammers for blacksmiths, The Three Tuns for winemakers).As the pub is a social place to meet as well as a place to get a drink, people often play games like dominoesor darts or join a quiz or competition. A common expression is to “go down the pub” or “go round to thelocal” (both meaning to go to the local pub).Culture pointspub in London: A pub is a place where people go for a drink and to meet friends and socialize. People canplay games – such as darts, cards, dominoes – in a pub and pubs often have quiz nights, with prizes for thewinners, and live music (See also Background information) The Salisbury is a well-known pub in central London (See also Background information)London School of Economics is a distinguished university in central London, famous for social sciences.Language points1 If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. (Para 1)In my opinion (If you ask me introduces an opinion), real life is not everything that people say it is. If athing is cracked up to be, people normally praise it but in the opinion of the speaker they are wrong.2 … spending money when you don’t have any is dead easy. (Para 7)Dead here means very. For example, we can say dead tired (exhausted), a dead loss (a complete loss oruseless), a dead weight (very heavy, difficult to lift).3 What were the odds on anyone being so nice? (Para 11) What are the chances that someone would be so nice? The writer is emphasizing here that such kindness isvery unusual.4 … looking bac k after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.(Para 13)A break here means a chance to be successful. A lucky break is an unexpected opportunity.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 What did the writer want to do after finishing her degree?(a) To do an MA at the London School of Economics.(b) To earn some money to pay off her loan.(c) To start working as soon as possible.(d) To return home and help her mother.2 Why did she ask for a job in The Salisbury?(a) She was hungry and thirsty.(b) She thought it would lead to better things.(c) She was a friend of the landlord.(d) She had the idea when she saw the landlord working.3 What did she buy with her first salary?(a) A bunch of flowers.(b) A CD and a plant for the flat she lived in.(c) A ham sandwich and a glass of beer.(d) She didn’t have any money left after paying the bills.4 Why did Tony give her £20,000?(a) He found out it was her birthday and wanted to help.(b) He trusted her and thought it would help her.(c) He wanted her to leave the pub and work for him.(d) He was secretly in love with her.5 What did she do with the money?(a) She used it to pay for her course at the LSE.(b) She lost a lot of it in the XXXX stock market crash.(c) She invested it and paid back Tony and other investors.(d) She used it to start her own business.6 Why was Tony pleased when she repaid the loan?(a) He had had an accident and needed the money for a wheelchair.(b) It meant that he would be able to see her again.(c) It proved that he had been right to invest in her.(d) She paid back the loan with a lot of interest.3 Work in pairs and answer the questions.What do we know about the writer’s:1 family background?Her mother had worked hard for 15 years to support her education but couldn’t afford any furthersupport. Her father wasn’t around most of the time. He didn’t have any money because he spent it ongambling on dog racing or drinking in pubs.2 career as a student?She had a good degree in economics and wanted to study for a masters course at the London School ofEconomics.3 ambition?She wanted to get a job in finance or investments in London because then she would be able to use herdegree.4 appreciation of other people?She a ppreciated Mike’s friendliness with customers and his skill, and she appreciated Tony as a niceperson; later she appreciated the trust of Tony and his friends5 love life?We don’t know much about this, except that she doesn’t like boys to hassle her. She thinks they areimmature.6 financial expertise?It must be quite good: She invested the £20,000 and made enough profit to pay the money back withinterest and set up her own company.7 sense of responsibility?She has a strong sense of responsibility because she paid back the money to the investors and paid theman annual interest for the loan.8 philosophy of life?She believes that you should work hard; you may need one or two breaks to succeed but you shouldknow how to use the breaks. You should be honest and responsible with people who trust you.Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you und erstand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.Teaching tipsWhen Ss have completed the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate words, ask them to practicereading the dialogue, trying to make their reading sound as conversational as possible. Choose a pair toperform their reading to the class. The class listens and gives the performing pair a rating on a scale of 1-10for fluency and naturalness.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to havefinancial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’tneed to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who workedthere were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend wasalways Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough tokeep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degreeend up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key: (1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bitdisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored bywhat they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or(b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers mostoften?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly tothem?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the placehappier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers。

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn’t easy to make the (1) transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adult (2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how their career is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this, when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As the days pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tend to regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home after three or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases, become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours. (advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely. (healed)6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want to, or (b) help you by listening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems (sympathize)7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.B I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2) fortunately I didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7) deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to be, is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit disappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition, or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informal expression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discours e marker of informal speech (showing something is general, vagueor not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well). Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sen tences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than she is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good f or you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best student research project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees. (c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to compete with the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, a nd all that’s before I’ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I’m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won’t even last till the end of the year, let alone till I’m 60.（☞翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表达出来的意思。

《新标准大学英语综合教程4》课后习题答案Unit 31.able to be seen (visible)2.to think or guess that something is smaller, less important etc than it really is (underestimate)3.very brave and determined (courageous)4.an urgent, difficult or dangerous situation (crisis)5.the most common or greatest in number or amount (predominant)6.new and different in a way that might offend or upset some people (daring)At a time of global (1) crisis, when stock markets are falling across the world, we should never (2) underestimate the ability of fashion designers to surprise us by bringing sunshine into people’s lives, and avoiding the (3) predominant trend of gloom and pessimism. This is certainly true of the fashion industry in Brazil. In 2009, when the effects of the financial situation were (4) visible almost everywhere, top designers launched a (5) daring new collection combining high hemlines, low necklines, and lots of colour. As one commentator wrote, “You can call it a (6) courageous decision if you like, but it’s also a question of Brazilians doing what comes naturally to them.”Unit 41.the action or process of buying or selling something (transaction)2.to some degree, but not completely or extremely (fairly)3.a written or spoken statement in which someone says that they are not satisfied with something (complaint)4.to inform someone officially about something (notify)5.happy and satisfied with your life (contented)rmation that makes people notice a person, product etc (publicity)7.to fail to do something that would have been helpful or honest (omit)8.very expensive, and therefore available only to people who have a lot of money (exclusive)9.difficult or impossible to exist or do something without (indispensable)10.to trick someone by behaving in a dishonest way (deceive)If you’re going to study in the UK, a bank account is (1) indispensible. That’s because for (2) transactions involving large sums of money you need to pay by bank transfer, or by cheque. It’s (3) fairly obvious you can’t carry large amounts of cash around with you all the time. So you need to choose a bank. And that’s not easy, because these days you hear more (4) complaints than appreciation of the services they provide. They all spend a lot of money on (5) publicity trying to attract students, whom they see as an investment for their own future. Some of them offer (6) exclusive free gifts like designer T-shirts or stylish pens to secure your custom. But don’t be (7) deceived by these offers. A (8) contented customer is someone who knows they can rely on their bank to (9) notify them when conditions change, and not to (10) omit to tell them when interest rates on overdrafts or credit card repayments have been increased.Unit 51.in a way that is impossible to doubt and easy to see (decidedly)2.the reason that you do something (motive)3.main, or most important (principal)4.with qualities thought to be typical of men (masculine)5.to criticize something, or to suggest it is not good enough for you (sniff)6.lively or active (animated)When Simona Ventura became the host of the Italian TV soccer programme, a lot of people (1) sniffed at the decision. What could a woman do in such a (2) decidedly male-dominated world? They argued. But the (3) motive behind the choice of Simona as the new presenter soon became apparent. Rather than change to fit the programme –there is nothing (4) masculine about her –she created a new, more modern show, the (5) principal aim of which is to entertain the whole family. The old style, lengthy and rather technical analyses of football matches, has been replaced by a lively TV programme, which is (6) animated by guest celebrities, dancers and singers, as well as extracts from the day’s top matches.。