经济专业英语课件

(3) Discuss the drawbacks of a monopolistic market and their influences on the society.
(4) What kinds of policies can be taken by the government to deal with the monopolistic behaviors?
The antitrust laws give the government various ways to promote competition. They allow the government to prevent mergers.
Antitrust laws have costs as well as benefits. Sometimes companies merge not to reduce competition but to lower costs through more efficient joint production. These benefits from mergers are sometimes called synergies.
Although exclusive ownership of a key resource is a potential cause of monopoly, in practice monopolies rarely arise for this reason. Actual economies are large, and resources are owned by many people. Indeed, because many goods are traded internationally, the natural scope of their markets is often worldwide. There are, therefore, few examples of firms that own a resource for which there are no close substitutes.

Core inflation usually excludes energy and food products.
The products that have had largest price changes are taken out.
( 3 ) Hyper inflation
·Extremely rapid or out of control inflation.
Today we will have a command of basic common sense concerning inflation, now let us get in it
1. Definition:
In economics ,inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of good and services in an economy over a period of time.
3.Reasons
Name : Liu Ye Gang
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4.Calculation
INDEX FOR YEAR 3=【(year 3 expenditure )÷(year 1 expenditure )】 =(31÷21)×100%=147.62%
·The most famous example of hyperinflation occurred in Germany between January 1922 and November 1923.

• structural transformation
• donor country
• aid weariness
• recipient country
• aid disillusionment
• Marshall Plan
• multilateral assistance
• Two-Gap Model
• absorptive capacity
Economists have defined foreign aid as any flow of capital to the less-developed countries (LDCs) that meets two criteria: (1) its objective should be noncommercial from the point of view of the donor, and (2) it should be characterized by concessional terms; that is, the interest rate and repayment period for borrowed capital should be softer (less stringent) than commercial terms.
• eloped countries (LDCs) • debt repayment
• official grants
• second-best option
• concessional loans
• conscience money
• in kind
Even at the strictly economic level, definite benefits accrue to donor countries as a result of their aid programs. The increasing tendency toward providing loans instead of outright grants (interestbearing loans now constitute over 80% of all aid, compared to less than 40% in earlier periods) and toward tying aid to the exports of donor countries has saddled many LDCs with substantial debt repayment burdens.

• supply curve • market mechanism • equilibrium price • related goods • consumer tastes • Future expectations • changes in demand • changes in supply
Unit 7 Text: Money and Banking（货币与银行） Additional Text: The U.S. Central Bank: The Federal Reserve System（美国的中央银行：
联邦储备制度）
Unit 8 Text: Foreign Exchange and Exchange Rate（外汇与汇率） Additional Text: The Effects of Exchange Rates on the Economy（汇率对经济的影响）
Unit 11 Text: Population（人口） Additional Text: The Consequences of High Fertility: Some Conflicting Opinions（高出生率的影响：一
些冲突的观点）
Unit 12 Text: Environmental Protection（环境保护） Additional Text: Methods of Pollution Control（污染控制的方法）
Unit 15 Text: Foreign Aid（外国援助） Ad资di与tio跨na国l T企ex业t: ）Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Enterprises（外国直接投
Unit 16 Text: Economic Globalization（经济全球化） Additional Text: Regional Economic Integration（区域经济一体化）