广西南宁市第二中学2018届高三1月月考(期末)化学试题(Word版 含答案)

第二部分，阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文.从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡］ 将该项涂黑。

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One w eek will 卜eld in Shanghai and the other week at Cambridge ・ Shanghai is the commercial and industrial13・ How much C. $9.99.!4. Wha t did B. She used 15. Why is theB. To go to a job 16. What doesC. A barber.17. Where did the theft happen? A. In a museum B. In a college 18. Why can'l the clock be sold easily? A. It has a distinct mark. B. Il isn't valuable. C ・ In an C ・ Itdoesn'l]9. Which stolen object worries the speaker most?A. The TV and video recorder.B. A painting of the college ・C. Examination papers. 20. Who could the speaker probably be?A. A police officer.B. A college director.C. A witness to the theft.Residential weeks will be held several times a year. Therefore, you can choose when io depending on the progresses of your study・ In the residential weeks cooperation between I 比an important element. Students will work together on real company cases. During thesiuden”创geeks24. What does the underlined part “the Internet can*t get enough ofher n mean?A.The Internet can't stand her any more.B.The Internet pay a lot of attention to her.C.People don't focus on her any longer on the Interne:.D・ People can't find enough information about her on the Internet.25 • What made Grumpy Cat become famous?A・ Her unusual appearance. B. Her bad temper.C. Her short and fat body.D. Her unique fur.26.About Tabatha Bundesen, we know that ______________ •A. she now works as a waitressB・ she feels very tired of her famous catC. she only manages her cat's modeling careerD・ she is too busy to go home to visit her parents27.The general idea of the last paragraph is _________________ .A・ how the cat can become so fhinous B. how the cat can make so much money what the film about the cat is named D. how the cat's owner spends so much moneyIf only things were that simple. Supporters of the so-called Stone Age diet argue that farming practices introduced about 10,000 years ago are harmful to human health, and that we shouldn't eat grains or food made from milk such as butter and cheese. Instead, they say. we should only eat plenty of lean meat （瘦肉）and fish, with fruit and raw vegetables on the side.The idea, also called the caveman, or hunter-gatherer diet, has been around for decades and was discussed at a meeting of the British Society for Allergy, Environmental and Nutriiional Medicine.According to Lauren Cordain, a nutritionist at Colorado Slate University who presented【he idea to the meeting, those following the meat-centered menu “lose weight and get healthy by eating the fbod you were designed to eat v. He says there is increasing evidence lhai a caveman diet can prevent and treat many common western diseases. Studies of islanders in Papua New Guinea who still live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle show they rarely suffer from heart disease.But other nutritionists argue that cutting out whole food groups such as grains is just not a good idea.T would recommend anybody to eat lean meat and raw vegetables/' says Toni Steer oi the MRC human nutrition research unit at Cambridge. But what you're asking people to do is cut out a food group which is good for your health.Archaeologists say it's not even clear exactly how much of the various toods people actually ate during the Stone Age.T'm not convinced that we know what Stone Age man a（e,” agrees Andre Millard, who researches ancient health and diet at Durham University. u The evidence wc have only suggests the meat component（组成部分）of the diet. We get bones from animals they have eaten but we don't get 山e remains of any vegeubles they have eaten because they rot away.28.To improve your health, Cordain suggests _______ ・A. losing weight firstB. eating less meat and fishC. going on the Stone Age diet D・ eating more fruit and vegetables29- Whai is Steer's attitude towards eating grains?・・ B CaUli0US - C ・ Tolerant. D. Supportive.3U ・ In Millard s opinion, the evidence for the Stone Age dietA-山0观 nothing about the diet's vegeuble component B ・ tells us about ancient people's cooking methods C ・ has proven to be reliable and convincing D. agrees with his research results 31. What does the text mainly discuss? A. How the Stone Age evolved. B. When the Stone Age diet started. C. Whether the Stone Age diet is healthy. D. Why:he Stone Age topic is getting popular.^Helicopter parenting" describes a style of raising children where parents are overproteciix e and do too much. The term describes parents who hover over their kids at home and on the playground like a helicopter. Today, modem technology allows these helicopter parents to hover from even far away. They can give their children directions at any moment from anywhere.Julie Lythcott-Haims wrote a book titled How to Raise an Adult ： Break Free of the Overparenting Trap and Prepare Your Kids for Success ・ In her book. she gives readers a closer look at this parenting style. She also explains why parents should stop ii ・Julie Lythcott-Haims says she experienced the efTecis of helicopter parenting first-hand when she worked as dean of first-year students at Stanford University. The incoming students> or freshmen • she says» yvere very smart and accomplished on paper. But many were unable to take care of themselves. "They were turning to parents constantly for guidance, for problem solving, to have them make the choice about something?Lythcott-Haims warns this kind of parenting has man 〉shori-ierni wins but long-term costs that harm the child. She uses an area common to most chilcren —a playground Lythcott-FIaims suggests letting your child get a little hurt ・“IFyou do your child's homework• it will be perfect. That is what she calls the short -term win. The long-term cost is that your child may not feel capable. And he docs not become a determined learner ・ meaning he will give up easily when faced with a difficult problem to solve." So what can parents do if they want to break the overparenting u helicoptcr v cycle? Reading Julie's book, you can follow some ways to stop hovering over your children ・ In a word, when kids have all the skills to take care of themselves, they will be prepared for adulthood.32. The underlined words f over over" in Paragraph 1 probably mean _____________A. deal withB ・ fly overC. stare at D ・ circle around33. Whal does the "helicopter parent v believe? A. Short-term wins can harm the kids.B ・ Getting protection from parents is necessary. C. Trying to make decisions should be valued ・ D. Learning from failure is helping kids ・34 ・ What should parents do tor their children based on Julie's study?A.Encour ageB. He lp them grow with35. What would be the best title for the text? A • Helping Children Is Hurting Them B • C. A Good Way To Teach Your Kids D.工掘:短第需蠹隊入空白处的最佳选项。

南宁市达标名校2018年高考一月质量检测化学试题一、单选题（本题包括15个小题，每小题4分，共60分．每小题只有一个选项符合题意） 1．下列化学用语正确的是 A ．CH 3OOCCH 3名称为甲酸乙酯 B ．次氯酸的电子式C ．17Cl 原子3p 亚层有一个未成对电子D ．碳原子最外层电子云有两种不同的伸展方向 2．下列实验不能不能用如图所示装置实现的是A ．用CCl 4提取碘水中的碘B ．用NaOH 溶液除去溴苯中的溴C ．用酒精除去苯酚中的甘油D ．用饱和Na 2CO 3溶液除去乙酸丁酯中的乙酸3．已知X 、Y 、Z 、W 为原子序数依次增大的短周期元素，Y 、W 为同一周期元素且W 原子的最外层电子数等于Y 原子的核外电子总数，其形成的一种化合物结构如图所示，下列叙述正确的是A ．原子半径:W>Z>Y>XB ．该化合物中各元素的原子最外层均满足8电子结构C ．X 与Y 形成的二元化合物常温下一定为气态D ．X 、Y 、Z 、W 可形成原子个数比8：1：2：3的化合物 4．下列能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体是（ ） A ．SO 2B ．NH 3C ．Cl 2D ．CO 25．港珠澳大桥使用了大量的含钒高强抗震钢材。

该钢材与生铁比较错误的是 A ．抗震性好B ．耐腐蚀强C ．含碳量高D ．都导电导热6．设A N 为阿伏加德罗常数值。

下列说法正确的是（ ）A ．标准状况下，22.24LCO 与足量22Na O 反应转移的电子数为A 0.1NB ．14612g C 的原子核内中子数为A 6NC ．25℃时，1LpH 2=的224H C O 溶液中含H +的数目为A 0.02ND ．9.0g 葡萄糖和蔗糖的混合物中含碳原子的数目为A 0.3N7．在3种不同条件下，分别向容积为2L 的恒容密闭容器中充入2molA 和1molB ，发生反应：()()()2A g B g 2D g +-1ΔH=QkJ mol 。

化学答案7. B8.D【解析】亚硫酸盐可以防腐保鲜，A 正确。

温度越高，气体在水中的溶解度越小，通入N 2和煮沸可以将产生的气体从溶液中全部赶出，B 正确。

测定③中耗碱量，可以求出硫酸的物质的量，进而利用硫元素守恒，求出样品中含SO 2的质量，再除以样品质量就可得到样品中亚硫酸盐含量，C 正确。

若仅将②中的氧化剂“H 2O 2溶液”替换为碘水，则过量的碘水也会消耗氢氧化钠，对测定结果有影响，D 错误。

9.C〖解析〗 R 、T 、Q 、W 、Y 、Z 是短周期原子序数依次增大的主族元素，①R 、Y 原子的最外层电子数与电子层数相同，可知R 是H 元素，由②知Q 是O 元素；则T 是N 元素；③W 与R 同主族，则W 是Na 元素，Y 原子的最外层电子数与电子层数相同，且原子序数比W 大的短周期元素是Al ，所以Y 是Al 元素；Z 与Q 同主族，则Z 是S 元素。

A 项，O 与Al 组成的常见物质Al 2O 3是一种两性氧化物，能与强碱溶液反应，不能与氨水等弱碱反应，A 错误；B 项，NaHSO 3水溶液显酸性，HSO 3－的电离大于水解，抑制了水的电离，B 错误；C 项，Na 2O 和Na 2O 2中，阳离子和阴离子个数比均为2∶1，C 正确；D 项，N(T)和O(Q)同在第二周期，Na(W)和Al(Y)同在第三周期，因为电子层数越大半径越大，同周期原子序数越大，原子半径越小，故原子半径：Q<T<Y<W ，D 错误。

10.B〖解析〗此有机物分子式为C 8H 8O 2，故A 错误；此有机物含有碳碳双键，可发生氧化、加成反应，另有醇羟基可发生取代反应，故B 正确；该有机物的含酯基的芳香族化合物的同分异构体有6种，其中苯环上含有一个甲基和一个甲酸酯基时有3种，另有苯甲酸甲酯、乙酸苯酯和甲酸苯甲酯，故C 错误；有机物分子中所有原子都可能共平面，故D 错误；答案为B 。

11.B 〖解析〗pH ＝2的H 2A 稀释100倍时溶液的pH 变为4，说明该酸完全电离，所以为强酸，A 错误；根据电荷守恒可知NaHA 水溶液中：c (Na +)+c (H +)＝ 2c (A 2-)+c (OH -)，B 正确；根据物料守恒可知含等物质的量的NaHA 、NaHB 的混合溶液中：c (Na +)＝c (A 2-)+c (B 2-)+c (HB -)+c (H 2B)，C 错误；pH ＝10的NaHB 溶液显碱性，说明HB －的电离程度小于水解程度，离子浓度大小：c (Na ＋)＞c (HB －)＞c (OH －)＞c (H 2B)＞c (B 2-)，D 错误；答案选B 。

【全国百强校】广西南宁市第二中学2018届高三2月月考理综-化学试题1. 中华文化博大精深，下列有关说法不正确的是A. “熬胆矾铁金，久之变化为铜”，该过程发生了置换反应B. 《本草纲目》中记载“（火药）乃焰消KNO3) 、硫磺、杉木炭所合，以为烽燧铳机诸药者”，是利用了KNO3的还原性C. 古剑“沈卢”“以剂钢为刃，柔铁为茎干，不尔则多断折”，剂钢指的是铁的合金D. “青蒿一握，以水二升渍，绞取汁”，屠呦呦对青蒿素的提取属于物理变化【答案】B【解析】A．铁置换铜属于湿法炼铜，该过程发生了置换反应，故A正确；B．黑火药爆炸反应生成氮气，N元素化合价降低，被还原，硝酸钾表现氧化性，故B错误；C．剑刃硬度要大，所以用碳铁合金，故C正确；D．萃取是利用物质溶解性分离物质的方法，该过程中没有新物质生成，属于物理变化，故D正确；故选B。

2. 亚硫酸盐是一种常见的食品添加剂，用如下图实验可检验某食品中亚硫酸盐含量(所加试剂均足量)。

下列说法不正确的是下列说法不正确的是A. 亚硫酸盐作为食品添加剂作用是防腐保鲜B. 反应①过程中通入N2的作用是将装置中空气和生成的气体全部赶出C. 测定样品质量及③中耗碱量，可测定样品中亚硫酸盐含量D. 若仅将②中的氧化剂“H2O2溶液”替换为碘水，对测定结果无影响【答案】D【解析】试题分析：亚硫酸盐可以防腐保鲜，A正确。

温度越高，气体在水中的溶解度越小，通入N2和煮沸可以将产生的气体从溶液中全部赶出，B正确。

测定③中耗碱量，可以求出硫酸的物质的量，进而利用硫元素守恒，求出样品中含SO2的质量，再除以样品质量就可得到样品中亚硫酸盐含量，C正确。

若仅将②中的氧化剂“H2O2溶液”替换为碘水，则过量的碘水也会消耗氢氧化钠，对测定结果有影响，D错误。

考点：化学实验的知识3. 短周期原子序数依次增大的主族元素R、T、Q、W、Y、Z具有如下信息: ①R、Y原子的最外层电子数与电子层数相同；②Q是地光中含量最高的元素，R与T的核电荷数之和等于Q的核电荷数；③W与R同主族，Z与Q同主族。