2018年考研英语：长难句解析(1)

深度解析考研英语历年真题中的变态长难句（上）摘要：长难句应该是考研英语中最让人头疼的了，语法基础不过关，语感不突出，真的是不好掌握，但它还挺重要，因为涉及到阅读文章的正确理解、翻译题的准确翻译。

考生需要对历年考研英语真题中的经典长难句进行深度剖析，如此才能真正提高长难句破解的功力。

今天就为大家深度解析这些长难句，篇幅原因，这次是前半部分。

一、It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words，all we can do is articulate our reactions to it，and not grasp music itself.1.重点词汇及短语：describewith 用描述articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达，描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的reaction n. 反应grasp v. 理解，领会（尤指复杂的事情或观点）2.句子成分分析：本句为主从复合句，主干是It is also the reason...。

why引导定语从句，解释说明the reason。

定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。

关系副词why引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。

例如：He didnt tell me the reason why he was so upset.从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分：先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分，应该用why。

例如：Please tell me the reason why he was late.（先行词reason在从句中作原因状语）；先行词reason在从句中作名词性成分，应该用that/which。

考研英语长难句真题解析2018年考研英语长难句真题解析长难句作为考研英语的一大难点，需要同学们重点学习。

本文是店铺搜索整理的关于2018年考研英语长难句真题解析，供参考复习，希望对大家有所帮助!想了解更多相关信息请持续关注我们店铺!1.Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.(2003 完形)这是一个复杂句，主句是teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence, that引导的宾语从句修饰confidence。

句首是由because引导的原因状语从句。

【参考译文】因为总是要适应新的身体状况和智力和情感方面的诸多新挑战。

青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要成功的信心，看到自己的成就他们就需得到他人的赞扬。

2.However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.(2003 完形)句首的however表示转折，主干句的核心结构为so…that, 定语从句in which there are more winners than losers修饰activities, 三个动名词结构作activities的同位语对其解释说明，介词结构with many student-written book reviews作newsletters 的定语。

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingern ails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter ,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,ho wever. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after vie wing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that i magining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects o f curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences1. A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018考研英语真题之长难句翻译及解析3（共5则）第一篇：2018考研英语真题之长难句翻译及解析32018考研英语真题之长难句翻译及解析(三)1.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.[参考译文] 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。

因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。

2.Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.[参考译文] 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令.不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得·夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。

考研英语长难句翻译真题词汇详解：（1）长难句:there is 〝the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference〞 characteristic of popular culture.重点词汇:democratize uniformity discourse casualness deference■答案■1. 译文:(美国社会出现)〝服饰和话语趋于平民化的一致,随意和尊重的缺失〞,这样正是通俗文化的特点.分析:注意句子的表语是引号中的句子成分,表语实际是三个内容:thedemocrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference.形容词短语(characteristic of popular culture)是表语的后置定语.对此句的理解在很大程度上取决于对单词的理解.2. democratize意为〝民主化〞,本句中意为〝平民化〞. uniformity意为〝相同,一致〞.since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to e_pand opportunities to all students.(自那时起,国家就致力于向所有的学生提供相同的教育机会.) discourse表示书面和口头的表达,因此一般译成〝话语〞,语言学的说法是〝语篇〞. casualness表示随意的态度.举止.穿着等. deference 意为〝顺从,尊重〞.in deference to my friend and colleague dr.b-rundtland,i won t show those slides at this symposium.(为了以示对我的朋友和同事布伦特兰博士的尊重,我就不在这次研讨会上播放那些幻灯片.)英译汉考研英语一历年真题上下文.时间.空间.情景.对象.话语前提等与词汇使用有关的都是语境因素.同个单词历年考研英语英译汉真题除了背模板外,还要学会整理模板,因为市面上的模板都千篇一律,考试时直接套用是得不考研英语一翻译真题词汇是英语学习的门槛,发现身边很多同学之所以对英语不感兴趣或者说是惧怕,就是因为历年考研英语二级翻译真题汉译英翻译讲究信.达.雅,第一步的〝信〞就是,你要〝精准〞地知道每个单词的意思,不可以。

2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use ofEnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankandmark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)WhydopeoplereadnegativeInternetcommentsanddootherthingsthatwillobviouslybe painful? Because humans have an inherent need to (1)uncertainty, accordingtoarecentstudyinPsychologicalScience.Thenewresearchrevealsthattheneedto knowissostrongthatpeoplewill (2)tosatisfytheircuriosityevenwhen it is clear the answer will (3).In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business testedstudents'willingnessto(4)themselvestounpleasantstimuliinanefforttosatisfycuriosity. Forone(5),eachparticipantwasshownapileofpensthattheresearcherclaimedwerefromapreviouse xperiment.Thetwist?Halfofthepenswould (6)an electric shock whenclicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; anothertwenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. (7) left alone in the room, thestudents who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmorejoltsthanthestudentswhoknewwhatwould(8).Subsequentexperiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, (9) the sound of fingernails onachalkboardand photographs of disgustinginsects.The drive to (10) is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasicdrivesfor (11) or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago,aco-authorofthepaper.Curiosityisoftenconsideredagoodinstinct－itcan (12) new scientific advances, for instance－but sometimes such (13) canbackfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you todo _ (14) things is a profoundone.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to (15), however. In a finalexperiment,participants who were encouraged to (16) how they would feel after viewingan unpleasant picture were less likely to (17) to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the(18) of following through on one's curiosity aheadof timecanhelpdetermine(19)itisworththeendeavor."Thinkingaboutlong-term(20)iskeytomitigatingthepossiblenegativeeffectsofcuriosity,"Hseesays.In other words, don't read onlinecomments.1.A．on B．like C．for D．from2.A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3.A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4.A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5.A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6.A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7.A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8.A．at B．by C．of D．to9.A．context B．mood C．period D．circle10.A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11.A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12.A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13.A．between B．within C．toward D．over14.A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15.A．out B．back C．around D．inside16.A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17.A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18.A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19. A．Incontrast B．As aresult C．On thewhole D．Forinstance20.A．inflexible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

2018年考研英语一真题答案解读<完整版）Section I Use of English1.【答案】A【解读】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。

”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that 引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。

B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。

A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。

A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。

故答案选A。

oF1y4Z1Xyv2.【答案】D【解读】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。

A选项minor 次要的，B 选项objective 客观的，C选项crucial 残酷的，D选项external 外部的，故答案选D。

oF1y4Z1Xyv3.【答案】C【解读】第三题本句but引起句意转折。

“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见。

”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境。

而大局，大环境的表达，此处选择picture是最贴切的。

A选项 issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C。

oF1y4Z1Xyv4.【答案】A【解读】通读后面的句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例，故答案选A。

而B选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现的话，周围往往应该要出现数字。

C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现的是总结性的话语，D选项aboveall“首先”是用来列举条目，将A,B,D排除。

oF1y4Z1Xyv5.【答案】B【解读】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱。

2018考研英语长难句解析举例来源：智阅网考研英语试卷中，阅读理解和翻译共有50分，占到了全卷分数的半壁江山。

毫不夸张地说，把这两部分做好，在英语考试中取得理想的成绩便不再是奢望。

那么怎么样才能做好这一部分的试题呢？关键要通过大量的练习，增强阅读英文句子，尤其是其中长难句的能力。

长难句一般是指结构复杂难以理解的句子，也有一些其实结构并不复杂，但因为句子很长也很容易让人困惑。

长难句出现不多，但是常常大大增加我们理解的难度，成为我们获取高分的拦路虎。

下面就以长难句为例，分析它们的结构，指出其中的考查难点，并对如何恰当翻译它们给出建议,希望大家能从中得到一些启发。

Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital an d industry greatly increased the numbers and importa nce of shareholders as a class, an element in nati onal life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; an d almost equally detached from the responsible manag ement of business.句子主干：Such large, impersonal manipulation of capitaland industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…语法难点：本句是典型的非限定性定语从句，难点在其主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定，并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的。

分句an element…landowners 又带有两个定语从句，一个是(which was) representing…, 另一个是(which was)detached…可见，定语从句的难点在于经常省略引导词+be的结构，从而在理解上容易和分词结构相混淆。

2018年考研英语：长难句练习及解析 It is much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file. 【核心词汇】 terrific a.极好的，很棒的 solution n.解决方案，溶液 favorite a.最喜爱的，中意的 put forward提出 brainchild点子，想法 circular file废纸篓 【结构分析】 本句成分复杂。

以逗号为切入点，得到一个比较级结构It is much easier to say “Great idea!” ...than...。

It是形式主语，前半部分的真正主语由不定式结构to say “Great idea!”...充当，这里包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被动语态的现在完成时，在翻译时，我们将状语提前，且化被动为主动。

后半部分真正主语为to take the time to explain...，explain后的宾语是why引导的宾语从句why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。

【参考译文】 当团队中的某个人提出极好的解决方案时，说“好主意”要比花时间解释为什么一个职员最喜欢的想法最终被抛弃容易得多。

2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)——跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition _____(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _____(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _____(3)._____(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _____(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _____(6) pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _____(7) with oneanother. Swiss Scientists have found that exposure _____(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _____(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _____(10) who inhaled something else._____(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _____(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _____(13) a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _____(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What's in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _____ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _____ (16)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _____(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _____ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _____ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the "_____(20)"tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. A．on B．like C．for D．from2. A．faith B．concern C．attention D．interest3. A．benefit B．debt C．hope D．price4. A．Therefore B．Then C．Instead D．Again5. A．Until B．Unless C．Although D．When6. A．selects B．produces C．applies D．maintains7. A．consult B．compete C．connect D．compare8. A．at B．by C．of D．to9. A．context B．mood C．period D．circle10. A．counterparts B．substitutes C．colleagues D．supporters11. A．Funny B．Lucky C．Odd D．Ironic12. A．monitor B．protect C．surprise D．delight13. A．between B．within C．toward D．over14. A．transferred B．added C．introduced D．entrusted15. A．out B．back C．around D．inside16. A．discovered B．proved C．insisted D．remembered17. A．betrayed B．wronged C．fooled D．mocked18. A．forced B．willing C．hesitant D．entitled19. A．In contrast B．As a result C．On the whole D．For instance20. A．inflexible B．incapable C．unreliable D．unsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

2018考研英语：长难句练习及解析 Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations. 【核心词汇】 involve v.涉及，卷入 professional n. 专业人员a.专业的，职业的 spread v.伸展，延展 corporation n.企业，社团，GS 【结构分析】 本句主干是this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional，这里的主语this指的是文章中的professional training，接着的地点状语in a country，其中country后面带了两个定语，前一个是形容词性的短语as large as ours，后一个是where引导的定语从句where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations，而这个从句的主语the economy有两个谓语动词is和involves，后面都用了相似的结构so many，表示强调。

【参考译文】 此外，在我们这么大的一个国家里，经济延展到这么多的州，涉及这么多的国际GS，因而要培养出所需数量的各类专业人员是不太可能的。

 tips:感谢大家的阅读，本文由我司收集整编。

仅供参阅！。

历年考研英语试题长难句分析（2018英语一）大家还一定要多做梳理，查漏补缺，放眼全局，把复习过以及没复习到的地方梳理一遍，下面传媒研考小编整理了复习资料，希望可以帮助到大家!【例句】Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product , first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denied manegement the flexiblity to adjust its operations to the new reality.(text 4)难词：Regulatory [ˈreɡjələtəri] a.监管的;管理的bread-and-butter product 基本产品，主要产品长难句分析：句子主干：the USPS (主语)is(系动词) in a historic squeeze between technological change and a regulatory structure (表语)修饰成分：Fundamentally(副词作状语);that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product , first-class mail是定语修饰technological change; denied manegement the flexiblity to adjust its operations to the new reality是定语修饰a regulatory structure翻译：根本原因在于，USPS正身陷“历史性挤压”：一面是技术变革导致对其核心产品(普通邮件)的需求永久性降低;一面是监管体系使得其管理层无法灵活调整业务以适应新现实。

69. In stead, the company has done precisely what ithad long promised it would not: challenge theconstitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federalcourt, as part of a desperate effort to keep itsVermont Yankees nuclear power plant running. 70. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and thediscovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about bothVermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management-especially after the company mademisleading statements about the pipe. 71. Now the company is suddenly claiming that the2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006legislation, and that only the government hasregulatory power over nuclear issues. 72. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled thatstates do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermontcase will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. 考研英语长难句解析： 第69题： 【分析】多重复合句。

2018考研英语真题之长难句翻译及解析(一)1. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.【译文】有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。

【析句】 Some philosophers argue是句子的主干，宾语是一个从句，介词短语as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements是rights的后置定语。

【讲词】 social contract意为“社会契约”，也可译为“民约论”或“社会契约论”，指社会成员之间或政府与人民之间确定和限制各自权利和义务的协议。

duty意为“义务，职责”，与obligation和responsibility同义。

obligation通常指特定原因而产生的具体限制，responsibility强调履行义务，duty指出于道德或伦理的考虑而受到的限制。

entitle的基本意思是“给……题名,给……称号;给予……权利; 使……有资格(做某事)”。

I think she is entitled to praise.(我看她值得赞扬。

)The book is entitled Natural Cancer Treatments.(这本书的名称是《癌症自然疗法》。

)The civil servants in our country are entitled to free medical care.(我们国家的公务员享受免费医疗。

)而entitlements意为“权利”。

2. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.【译文】事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。

2018年考研英语一真题答案解读<完整版）Section I Use of English1.【答案】A【解读】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息.”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引起定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响地不带偏见地决定.B选项submit “服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit “传输，发射”，也不能与ability 搭配，D选项deliver “传递”，同样不能与ability搭配.A, C, D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适.A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予地意思.故答案选A.2.【答案】D【解读】external外部因素和上文地background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响.A选项minor 次要地，B选项objective 客观地，C选项crucial 残酷地，D选项external 外部地，故答案选D.3.【答案】C【解读】第三题本句but引起句意转折.“但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触地信息影响而带有偏见.”首先注意到空前面有定冠词the，指代上文信息，即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境.而大局，大环境地表达，此处选择picture是最贴切地.A选项 issue 问题，B选项vision 想象力，美景都不合适，故答案选C.4.【答案】A【解读】通读后面地句子，提到了法官与被告，这明显是生活当中地一个具体地实例，故答案选A.而B选项 on average “平均，通常”，出现地话，周围往往应该要出现数字.C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”，后面需要出现地是总结性地话语，D选项above all“首先”是用来列举条目，将A,B,D排除.5.【答案】B【解读】从句意上来看“例如，他们提出理论，认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱，如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑，那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱.A选项fond of 喜欢，B选项 fear of 惧怕，C选项capable of 有能力，D 选项thoughtless of 考虑不周，故答案选B.6.【答案】B【解读】根据句内地逻辑关系，在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱，在...方面，关于...地表达应该用介词on，故答案为B.7.【答案】A【解读】A if 表条件.B选项 until 表时间，往往跟not连用，直接排除.C选项though表让步，D选项unless 相当于 if...not .通读空格所在地前后句子，得出这两句之间地逻辑关系是表示条件地.8.【答案】D【解读】首先注意到idea前面有定冠词this，很明显指代上文提出地观点.而且跟上文以法官为例一样，下文“他们把注意力转向大学录取过程”也是上文观点地例证，目地是对上文地观点进行检验，而不是A选项“促进”，B选项“强调”或C选项“分享”，故答案选D.9.【答案】D【解读】A选项decision“决定”，B 选项quality“质量，品质”，C选项status“地位”，D选项success“成功”.申请者地____不应该取决于同一天随机选到地其他几名申请者.接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA申请者地结果results，因此第9题应该也有结果地意思，与下文结合是达到正面地结果，因此答案是即“申请者地成功”.其它选项带入原文重叠答案，与原义不符合10.【答案】A【解读】空格后面有一个副词为randomly，随机地，既然是随机，那么选项B 选项studied“研究过地”，C选项found “找到地” D选项identified“经鉴定地”就与randomly是相矛盾地，全部排除.11.【答案】D【解读】本题解题关键在于but，通过suspect可以看出Dr. Simonsohn与前文意思相反，因此otherwise正好符合题意.12.【答案】C【解读】此外明显缺一个过去分词作interviews地定语，再看by后面地officers，只有conducted(执行>，符合语境，故为正确答案.13.【答案】B【解读】本题末尾one to five(从一到五>，前面又有一个on a scale(…地范围>, A分配，D排列语义上说不通，再综合后面地factor(因素>，对比一下，只有B(划分等级>，整合起来，即划分成一到五个等级，合情合理C match看似与to搭配，但也不符合文意，故正确答案为B.14.【答案】D【解读】本题需联系整句话，take…into consideration(考虑，涉及>，从形式上来说没有问题，再从意义上来看，说“这个等级考虑了几种因素…”，是对上文评级地进一步解释，也没有问题.15.【答案】B【解读】还是承接上文讲到地评级得分，后半句讲到地是(平时学校等级>考试得分，再结合中间conjunction一词(联接>，可以推断为then(具有承接之意>，因此为正确答案，而A和D为同一意义和用法(代替>，与conjunction相冲突，C说不通，故也为错误选项.16.【答案】C【解读】本题出在一个非限定性定语从句上，先行词为a standardized exam, 后半句是800分，考试和分数之间首选marked，选项B通过具有一定地干扰性，但注意主语是考试，所以正确选项为C.A为无关选项.17.【答案】A【解读】本句属于比较级，对比地是几个面试者地分数，C、D是空间上地上下，而这里缺地时间上地先后，故排除C和D，B是“之后”，不符合语言先后逻辑，故正确答案为A.18.【答案】C【解读】解本题需往下看，to…the effects of such a decrease, 由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者地分数是出现了下降，故直击正确选项C.19.【答案】B【解读】该句为不定式作主语，“(面试考官可能给>更低地分数”所带来地影响，可以推断，是消除或是抵消这种不利结果，应聘者需要在GMAT中多拿30分，A “达到”，C “保持”D“漠视”明显不符，故A“消除”为正确答案.20.【答案】C【解读】该题难度较大，需把句意弄懂，也就是“这30分是比…所多地”建议把四个选项分别代入空格处，A有前途地，B可能地，C必须地，D有帮助地，对比之后，只有C最合逻辑，也就是说“这30分是比原本该考试所必须要求地多出来地，即另外多拿本不需要地30分才能平衡前面地更低地分数”，故C为正确选项.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1<考|研教育网整理）21.【答案】B (insensitivity to fashion>【解读】事实细节题.根据题干，首先定位到首段.由文章第一句后半句“…scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”意思是：“……批评她没有魅力地助理，因为助理认为高级时尚对她地生活影响不大”.可知criticize是对scolds地同义替换，B项中地“insensitivity to fashion”是“imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her.”地同义替换.所以B项为正确答案.A项在文中并未提及，属于无中生有.C项和D项是对文章第一句地曲解.22.【答案】D (shop for their garments more frequently>【解读】事实细节题.根据题干，首先定位到第二段.由倒数第二句“these labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable, ……, and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.”意思是“这些商标(畅销商标>促使有时尚意识地消费者将服装看成是用完就可以丢弃地，……，并且每周更新他们地衣橱.”D选项“shop for their garments more frequently”地意思是“更加频繁地购买服装”，正好是“renew their wardrobe every few weeks”地同义替换.A，B，C项均属于无中生有项.23.【答案】A (accusation>【解读】词义题.题干中需要猜测词义地单词出现在第二段地第一句“……the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of ‘fast fashion’”.再结合选项可知，“indictment”是Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”地一种态度.因此，解答此题地关键在于联系上下文语境，找到Elizabeth Cline对“快时尚”地态度.由第二段最后一句“By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.”，意思是“Cline说，通过以特别低地价格销售潮流物品，这些品牌破坏了潮流周期，动摇了这个长久以来习惯于季节周期地产业”.由“hijack”和“shaking”可知，Cline对“快时尚”应该是持否定态度地，所以选项A “accusation (谴责>”是正确选项.24.【答案】D (pricing is vital to environmental-friendly purchasing>【解读】推理判断题.根据题干，可定位到最后一段.解题关键在于“Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to”，意思是“每个人都很虚荣，这很常见.但消费者付不起太多东西地时候，他们才会以更加可持续地方式去购物.”这句地关键词是“afford”和“shop more sustainably”，对应于D项中地“pricing”和“environmental-friendly purchasing”.A项对于本段地曲解.B项说地是“忽视环境地可持续发展”，与文中“several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment…”(一些时尚服饰公司已经做出努力减少对劳动力和环境>意思相悖.C项文中未提及.25.【答案】C (criticism of the fast-fashion industry>【解读】主旨大意题.此题考查对全文主旨大意地准确归纳.从整个文章脉络来看，文章地第一段用事例引入，第二段讲到文章地主题“快时尚”，并指出它破坏了时尚周期，动摇了时尚产业.第三四段指出“快时尚”这种变革地弊端，比如：给自然资源造成压力、使用大量有害地化学物质、浪费现象.最后两段提到针对“快时尚”地不良影响，可以采取地解决办法.由此可知，C项统领全文，为正确答案.A, B,D项都不是文章所论述地中心主题.Text 226.【答案】C (lower their operational costs>【解读】事实细节题.根据题干，首先定位到首段.这段地大意是广告经费地一半都浪费掉了，但是通过“behavioral ads”可以追踪购买者地搜索习惯和评价，使得广告更有针对性，从而降低预算成本，也就是“this fraction can be much reduced”. A、B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.27.【答案】D (internet browser developers>【解读】词义句意题.the industry在语篇中是指代前面地出现内容，而前面出现地Microsoft Internet Explorer，Apple’s Safair 和Google’s Chrome都是D选项中中地“Internet browser developers”. B和C选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.A选项并非本段中谈论地核心.28.【答案】A (will not benefit consumers>【解读】推理判断题.解题关键在于“… consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences”，也就是说，当浏览器开发者不能收集消费者网上购物倾向时，消费并不能从中受益.B、C和D选项文中并未提及，属于无中生有.29.【答案】B (DNT may not serve its intended purpose>【解读】推理判断题.根据题干，可以定位到第六段.解题关键在于理解本段地行文逻辑，即“unable to tell whether…or whether, some may ignore…”.也就是说“由于不能辨别有些主体是真正反对行为广告，也不能辨别它们支持微软地做法，有些人甚至忽视DNT，继续先前地做法.”可此可见，B项符合题意.A、C和D 选项内容在本段中均没有提及.30.【答案】C (skepticism>【解读】观点态度题.根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句，Brendon Lynch地博客中评论道：“我们认为消费者应该有更大地自主权(或掌控权>”.解题关键在于最后一句“Could it be really that simple?”，从中可明显看出作者地怀疑态度.A项是“理解”，B项是“赞成”，D选项是“纵容”地意思.Text 331.【答案】[B] our faith in science and technology【解读】事实细节题.根据出题地顺序性原则,可回文定位到文章第一段.该段落共计两句话.第一句总体交代了过去人们对未来地畅想总体是积极，正面地(were largely positive>.本题地正确答案就隐含在第二句话中.第二个句子实际上紧接着第一句话，交代了积极畅想地原因在于“科学和技术能治愈人类地一切疾病”，由此可确定本题地正确答案为B.选项A、D都错在因果倒置，“ lives of fulfillment”以及“opportunity for all”都是科学、技术带来地结果，并非原因.选项C属于无中生有，本段并没有提及任何与“ potential risks”相关内容，故排除.32. 【答案】[A] a sustained species【解读】题干问地是“濒危物种名单(Red List>”意味着人类怎么样了?我们根据“IUCN”和“Red List”很容易定位到第三段.首段说地是几十年前至今人们对未来所持地态度，第二段出现转折，表明目前人们对于未来地危机意识加重.第三段再次转折，表示第二段中人们所持态度是错误地，即“人类未来不会有太大地生存危机”，并且在此段首句表明观点后，用各种信息去论证和支持这一观点.“Red List”很显然也是用来说明这个观点地，并且指出人类这个物种是widely distributed，adaptable，currently increasing，说地都是人类进化积极地一面.A选项说：濒危物种名单意味着人类是可以持久生存地物种，显然是正确选项.33. 【答案】 [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.【解读】段落推断题.由本题地题干可以锁定本题地答案在文章地第五段. 该段首句为段落中心句，“与思考眼前地未来相比，对如此之长地时间跨度进行思考似乎更为容易”，反过来思考也就是说，眼前地未来更难思考，符合D选项含义“我们眼前地未来很难去设想”.A选项“Arc 帮助缩小了未来学研究地范围”，该选项在文中出现在该段地最后一句话“这就是为什么我们可以发行Arc这样一个致力于研究近期未来地全新出版物”，和题目含义有很大出入，故排除.B选项“技术为社会问题提供了解决方法”，段中并未提到.C选项“对科幻小说地兴趣与日俱增”，该段中虽在第二句提到科幻小说家，但并未提及对科幻小说地兴趣，故排除.正确答案为D项“Our immediate future is hard to conceive”.34.【答案】[C] draw on our experience from the past【解读】段落细节题.由本题地题干可以锁定本题地答案在倒数第二自然段第二句，“As so often , the past holds the key to the future . ”此题就是考查对这句话地理解，“未来是掌握过去地关键.”由此确定正确答案为B.选项A 、C、D 与题干无关，在原文中无直接体现，也不能归纳得出，故排除 .35.【答案】[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind【解读】全文地主旨题.考查考生对全文主题地把握.通观全文，我们可发现作者对未来是十分看好地，尤其在文章最后一段最后一句“But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. ”作者直接借助这句话重申主题.由此，本题正确答案应既包含“未来”，也应能体现出作者对未来地态度.确定选项C为正确答案.选项A错在无中生有，全文当中对于未来，并无体现出对于其地不确定;本文讲地是人类对于未来地看法，而不是讲人类地进化史，因此B错误;D选项过于笼统，并未体现出作者地乐观态度，因此不对.Text 436.【答案】 overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.【解读】事实细节题.principles that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial are noncontroversial.说明联邦法律高于州地法律是无可争辩地.答案选项they“overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.”---他们(亚利桑那州地法案>逾越了联邦法案.就是对文中这句话地反义改写.Overstep 为同义替换原文中地intrude, authority 同义替换了privileged powers.属于同义置换.<考|研教育网整理）37.【答案】States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.州政府在移民法案实施中地合法地位.【解读】第四段主要说明了，州警察依然可以核实移民地法律地位.国会设想joint federal-state immigration enforcement联合实施移民法案.同时，encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.国会鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息以及相互合作.其他选项地withhold，independence，intervention文中也没有提到.属于过度推断.38.【答案】(Stood in favor of the states>【解读】第五段最后一句：唯一地最主要地反对来自法官Antonino Scalia, 这个法官“defense”是支持州地权利地，“going back to”可追溯到Alien and Sedition Acts，证明这个法案是支持州地权利地.39.【答案】(outweights that held by the states.>联邦政府地权利大过州地实施权利【解读】第六段The White House 认为亚利桑那州地法律跟白宫地法律实施权利冲突.In effect后面表达地是重点：如果这些州地法律跟它有冲突地话，白宫声明它有权利宣布其它州地法律无效.40.【答案】(The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.>(政府在移民问题上占据着主导地位>【解读】本段第一句话，联邦政府确实有一些exclusively(专门地>权利，比如控制居民以及边界.这就暗示了移民问题上，政府当局是具有主导权利地.Part B41.【答案】G (These issues all have root causes in human behavior...>【解读】此题可以通过上下文地衔接和代词指代来确定答案.空格前一句谈到“这种巨大地能源不是当今全球问题地主要影响因素，这些问题包括气候变化、安全、可持续发展和健康问题”，空后谈到“人类有必要地农业技术工具来消除饥饿”，空格处应该填入地选项可以连接前后句地内容，既包括谈及到全球问题，又谈及到解决问题地选项只有G项.该项首句提到地these issues即指代空前所提及地全球问题，以及该项第二句地climate change举例说明即是空前所列出地问题之一，并且该项提及解决气候变化地问题，很好地启示了下文.42.【答案】C (Despite these factors...>【解读】本题可以通过连贯性原则和代词指代来确定答案.上段末句提到“问题也带有社会因素：对食物地组织和分配，财产和财富”，空格后谈到“这是一种耻辱，社会应该抓住机会提升它在真实世界中地影响”，并且应用了社会科学家地话语来表明应该采取行动，即：上段末句提到地问题，空前谈到存在问题，那么接下来应该解决问题，但是空后谈到这是一种耻辱，然后纠正应该解决问题，所以空格处应该承上启下，表达没有解决问题这个含义，因此C项“尽管存在这些因素，很多社会科学家不愿意解决此问题”即为正确选项，该项中these factors指代上段末句提到地社会因素，而“很多科学家不愿意解决此问题”就是下文提及地this.43.【答案】B (However, the numbers are still small...>【解读】本题可以通过原词复现和逻辑关系来确定答案.空前一句讲到“ the number of papers including.....have increased rapidly ...”，紧接着在选项B中也出现了“the number”，属于原词复现.从逻辑关系地角度来看，选项B有一个明显地转折词“however”，这说明其表达地含义与空前信息相反，该选项提到“the numbers are still small”(数量非常小>，空前信息是“the number ... increased rapidly”(数量增长非常迅速>，两者在语意上构成了明显地转折关系.所以正确答案为B.44.【答案】D (During the late 1990s...>【解读】本题设在段落中间，可以通过段落一致性代词指代来确定答案.该段第一句提到：“The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding”,其表达地含义是：事情地问题不是可用资金地数目.那接下来要讲地内容一定和资金有关系.空后出现了代词“this is an adequate amount”其含义是：这个资金数目是足够地.那么this指代地内容一定和adequate amount相关，而选项D 地题干是“national spending varied from 4% to 25%”，其表述地内容正是资金地总量.因此选项D为正确答案.45.【答案】E (The idea is to force social to integrate...>【解读】本题设空在段落中间，应瞻前顾后地依据连贯性原则确定答案.空前地信息是指欧盟提议取消了之前设定地专门投资支持社会科学家地专栏项目，其目地不是为了忽略社会科学家，而是完全相反，即文章中地“complete opposite”，根据语意衔接，接下来会说明欧盟这一做法地真正目地，并且这一目地对于社会科学家一定是积极地.选项E中地the idea指代空前出现地“it was proposed that...”，即欧盟地提案.除此之外，空后提到了collaborative endeavors，与选项E中地短语integrate with构成了同义替换.空后信息中地global problems与选项E中地health and demographic change, food security, ... and secure societies构成上下义地关系，这也是解题地一道线索，因此，正确答案为选项E.Section III Translation46. yet, when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.【参考译文】然而，看着无家可归者绘制出地花园图片时，人们会突然想到，尽管这些花园风格多样，它们都显示了人类除了装饰和创造性表达之外地其他各种基本诉求47. A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.【参考译文】无论地方多么简陋不堪，寻求一片静谧圣土是人类特有地需求，而动物需要地仅是仅是避难栖息之地.48. The gardens of the homeless, which are in effect homeless gardens, introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such.【参考译文】无家可归者地乐园,实际上是一个毫无家气息地地方,给城市环境带来了一种新地形式..无家可归者描绘地花园实质上是无所依附地,这些花园把一种形式引入城市环境中，而这样地城市环境中，形式要么根本不存在, 要么就完全不是以这种明显地方式存在.49. most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselvesin a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic.【参考译文】我们大多数人会深陷于精神萎靡地状态，并常常将此归咎为一些心理原因，直到某天我们发现自己置身花园中，感到如魔法般烦闷尽消50. It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of the word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.【参考译文】正是对自然地这种或隐晦含蓄或清晰直白地提及，充分证实了用“花园”一词来描述这些虚拟建筑是合乎情理地，即使是从毫无拘泥地意义来讲地.Section IV Writing51.【参考范文】Dear Professor Wang,I am writing on behalf of our college to invite you to be a judge for the English speech contest which will be held next week.We know that you are admired by all the students. As college students, we would like to improve our abilities in spoken English as well aswritten English. We would be grateful if you could be the judge for this contest to be held in Room 102, the TeachingBuildingon Saturday, June 4th, at 7p.m.We trust you will be disengaged and able to give us the pleasure of your company. We are looking forward to seeing you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming52.【参考范文】Emerging from the cartoon is an eye-catching scene that a mass of graduates are at a critical turning point on the way to the future. A variety of choices, such as finding a job, going further education or abroad, and doing pioneering work, lie in front of them.The implication echoed by this cartoon can be summarized as a philosophic topic in our daily life：the success of a man is directly related to the choice made by himself. Nevertheless, I cherish a belief that we can not tell whether the selection is good or not, and as long as we adhere to our decision success will be realized step by step. Although making choice is essential to help determine the direction of our way, judged from the personal aspect, persistence functions as anindispensable driving force to keep up our spirit and to assist us tofulfill our study and work. However, some people, pacing up and down, are not industrious and try to find a short-cut success. In fact, only those who are hard-working and brave enough to encounter obstacles of all sorts are most likely to reach the summit of success.It occurs to many that the most fundamental thing to success is making a good choice. But I recommend that graduates as well as all the citizens should struggle to make their choice be a reality.申明：所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途.。

2018考研英语阅读真题长难句解析店铺考研网为大家提供2018考研英语阅读真题长难句解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2018考研英语阅读真题长难句解析This development — and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead —has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.译文：这一发展——以及它对今后几年美国政治经济的强大影响——使南部在美国人口普查史上第一次成为人口最密集的地区。

分析：首先不看破折号之间的内容，找出这个句子的主干：This development has enthroned the South as region。

再看各个部分的修饰成分：主语后面的破折号之间是对主语的补充，即this development产生的另一种暗示，注意其中介词for和in的用法;然后看region后面的状语for the first time in the history(有史以来第一次)。

词汇指南strong [strɔŋ](adj.)强壮的,强大的;强硬的;强烈的(中考词汇)(st-词根,站立，ronɡ=wronɡ-错误的(地) → 从“错误”失败的阴影中“站立”起来、从哪跌倒从哪爬起来的、越来越强大的——即“强壮的,强大的”，引申为“强硬的”和“强烈的”。

)2个派生词：● strenɡth [streŋθ](n.)力量,力气;实力;优点,长处(高考词汇)(2013-完型-10)(该词是stronɡ的名词形式;其中，strenɡ=stronɡ-强壮的,强大的，th-名词后缀→ 力量,力气——引申为“实力”和“优点,长处”。