Gender Difference

Asking Questions
Men have been socialized not to ask questions because it may place them in a one down position Women on the other hand ask questions and may be perceived by men as not being very smart
Subfields of linguistics conducting research bearing on language & gender:
1. Phonetics
2. Discourse analysis 3. Sociolinguistics
Terminology: sex vs. gender
Tag Questions
A tag question is a declarative statement that has been turned into a question with the use of a tag, such as “The war in Vietnam is terrible, isn’t it?” (Lakoff, 1975) Puts the speaker in a one down position because the speaker sounds as though confirmation, reassurance, or approval is sought
Sex-related variability
Phonetics
Vowel quality differences:
Sex-related variability

英语作文男女差异Title: Exploring Gender Differences in English Composition。

Gender differences have long been a topic of interest in various aspects of life, including language and communication. In the realm of English composition, these differences manifest in several ways, ranging from writing style to choice of topics and linguistic patterns. This essay aims to delve into these disparities without prejudice, acknowledging the complexity and diversity within each gender group.Firstly, let's consider writing style. While it's essential to recognize that individuals vary widely regardless of gender, certain trends have been observed. For instance, males tend to employ a more direct and assertive writing style, often characterized by succinctness and a preference for concrete details. On the other hand, females often demonstrate a more nuancedapproach, incorporating emotional depth and employing descriptive language to evoke sensory experiences. These stylistic variances may stem from societal expectations and cultural norms regarding communication.Additionally, the choice of topics in English composition can differ between genders. Research suggests that men often gravitate towards subjects related to politics, technology, and sports, reflecting traditional masculine interests. Conversely, women may explore themes such as relationships, emotions, and personal experiences, aligning with societal perceptions of femininity. However,it's crucial to note that these preferences are not universal, and many individuals defy these stereotypes by pursuing diverse topics based on their unique interests and experiences.Moreover, linguistic patterns contribute to gender differences in English composition. Studies have indicated that males tend to use more assertive and dominant language, employing directives and emphasizing their opinions forcefully. In contrast, females may employ more tentativelanguage, utilizing hedging strategies and qualifiers to express ideas with caution and sensitivity. Theselinguistic differences can influence how the author's voice is perceived and contribute to the overall tone of the composition.Furthermore, societal expectations and cultural norms play a significant role in shaping gender differences in English composition. From a young age, children are socialized into gender-specific roles that influence their communication styles and preferences. Boys are often encouraged to be assertive and competitive, traits that may manifest in their writing as well. Conversely, girls are socialized to be nurturing and empathetic, qualities that can be reflected in their choice of topics and language use. These ingrained societal norms create a backdrop against which individuals develop their writing identities.Despite these observed disparities, it's essential to avoid generalizations and recognize the diversity within each gender group. Not all males conform to stereotypical masculine writing styles, nor do all females adhere totraditional feminine norms. Moreover, gender is a spectrum, and individuals may identify beyond the binary categories of male and female, further complicating the notion of gender-specific writing traits.In conclusion, gender differences in English composition are multifaceted and influenced by a myriad of factors, including writing style, choice of topics, linguistic patterns, and societal expectations. While certain trends may exist, it's crucial to approach this topic with nuance and avoid reinforcing stereotypes. By fostering an inclusive and open-minded environment, we can celebrate the diversity of voices in English composition, regardless of gender.。

Gender differenceA:what is the women’s way of dealing with friendship?B:四点(我已经手抄)C:I agree with you.but what’s the man’s way?B:四点具体例子（手抄）B:what do you think the self-awareness of boys?A:Boys are always self-affirmation, totally think that they are perfect, even if they are too fat to be acceptable,they also feel the shape is very good, and most boys have a great man's doctrine complex.B:what do you think the self-awareness of girls?C:Contrary to boys,the girls are always self-denial.They are too shy to show themselves to others,with a thinking of that they are not good.But in fact ,they are good enough to live in the society.C:what do you think a idea that men are natural leaders;,but women are not?A:There seem to have been fewer outstanding women leaders in history, but the obvious reason is that women had relatively little opportunity and did not have the appropriate background. When they have education and opportunities, they can also become good leaders.A: and what do you think tne idea that women are natural carers,but men are not?C:Some women are not natural carers. They are not good at caring roles and do not like caring for children, older or sick people. On the other hand, many women are very good at these things, and in the past society expected them to be! In contrast, men were less expected to take caring roles.。

Gender DifferenceNowadays,It is undeniable that there are many differences between men and women which should be produce in gender difference.On most occasions,the same characteristic of men and women shows that they are learning ability,memory ability,analyticalability,associativity,obedient,emotional intelligence,dependence potential and compassion.The different characteristic of which the women are better at language ability, communication and express gentlefeelings.However,in mathmatical skill, visual spatial ability and enthusiasm the men do better.These differences can be classified as character diversity, complicated levels of abilities.Generally speaking,in most cases, the women are morecareful,patient and considerate than men.Also,they are better at languages,music and art,doing office work,doing secretary work and easily express gentle feelings.The men are better at science,mathematical logic reasoning and space.Also,they engaging in office work,enjoying sports and adventure,making decisions easily and dominating.What’s more,the men often stand for ambition and aggression.Consequently,male leaders are more often appointed as final decision makers.In all, All Men Are Created Equal.Therefore, gender differences were also to judge a person's ability factors.In recent years, the contradictions and quarrels between male and female is on the rise. The vast majority of the public attribute it to the difference of the character, but they ignore the essential reason: gender difference.As the picture which has been drawn by professional researchers, depicts the explicit difference between men and women. For example, women adore gossiping more and the power desire of men are more intense. There are actually some further analysis about gender difference. According to relationship counselor John Gray, who has written the phenomenal best seller” Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus ”, men put great emphasis on action and content whereas women tend to value relationships and focus on feelings and communications, and this exert mostly a profound influence on communication between men and women.To begin with, the daily communication between men and women are distinct. Generally speaking, men talk to exchange information, whist women talk to express feelings. The idle talk of chaos is considered to beuseless by men, which actually prompts the relationship between women. When comes the time when problem occurs, the communications then are presented by male and female variously as well. Focusing on action, men are goal-oriented problem solvers, as a result, men would try to offer problem-solving suggestions at full stain. On the contrary, women have a need to express their gloomy feeling and desire to be heard and understood. Instead of being busy figuring out how to settle their problems, female just need others to show their acknowledgement vocally or through nodding and brief eye contact.In addition, male and female also have their own way to deal with their negative feelings. Male tend to avoid communicat ion but retreat to their “cave” and do not want to be disturbed. Insisting on helping them before they are ready to emerge from the cave can feel like harassment. For them, communication and sympathetic listeners are of requirement.All in all, the significance of studying gender difference means more than understanding the other part’s mental condition: it would help settle the dispute between male and female and create a more harmonious world.。

1.Gender wage differential is the difference between men and women who are engaged in the same job.2.Factors affecting gender wage differences in College TeachersWith the increase of female teachers in Colleges and universities, the development of female teachers is worth attention, and the value of human capital is more of the performance of the work. For female teachers in Colleges and universities, in the realization of the value of human capital, it is concerned with the wage differences between men and women who have the same conditions (that is the same degree and the same experience).The existing literature mainly from the perspective of scientific research ability, the professional development of university teachers to study the gender differences, the indirect interpretation of the causes of gender differences, the number of literature analysis of factors affecting teachers' wages, but not from the perspective of the same conditions.3.(1) Exist among college teachers gender wage differentials, but not by gender discrimination factors caused.(2) The gender wage differences mainly affected by two aspects, one is teacher's job title level external factors influence; second female teachers in Colleges and universities of their own gender inert or their gender discrimination level teacher's internal factors influence that female teacher's achievement motivation, competition consciousness, subjective factors.(3)The traditional view of women, women's promotion and training opportunities are less than men, resulting in some women suffer from depression, can not be reused, and actively decline. (4)Besides,because of the physiological, psychological and other natural causes, the opportunity to enter the ranks of high-income workers is limited.4.To reduce the differences in gender pay of College Teachers: to strengthen the consciousness of female teachers in Colleges and universities, to enhance their own consciousness, to improve the competition ability, to overcome the dual task of family and society, to create a policy environment for the development of female teachers in Colleges and universities.Measures in the social level: the promotion of gender culture, and promote the socialization of housework, social gender into the mainstream of social decision making.The measures in the organization of the University: the establishment of a career management platform, the establishment of a fair assessment system of teachers' performance, and the development of the work life plan, to help the female teachers in Colleges and universities.Individual level measures: to increase their human capital, foster healthy psychology.。

性别用英语怎么说性别，指雌雄等多种性别的区别，人类主要指男女两性的区别。

你知道性别用英语怎么说吗?今天店铺在这里为大家介绍关于性别的英语知识，欢迎大家阅读！性别的英语说法sexsexuality性别的相关短语性别认同 gender identity性别平等 Gender equality ;性别问题 gender issues ; Sex problem性别差异gender difference ; sex difference ; gender gap ; sexual difference性别决定sex determination ; gender determination ; determination of sex ; Sex Determination Analysis性别构成 sex composition ; sex structure ; composition ; sex difference性别鉴定 determination of sex ; sex determination ; sex check ; sexual identification性别的英语例句1. The new technique has been used to identify the sex of foetuses.这一新技术已经被用来鉴别胎儿的性别。

2. Dara challenges our stereotypical ideas about gender and femininity.达拉对我们老一套的性别和女性特质观念提出了异议。

3. Groups like ours are committed to eradicating homophobia, racism and sexism.一些像我们这样的团体致力于消除对同性恋的憎恶、种族歧视和性别歧视。

4. The Sex Discrimination Act has not eliminated discrimination in employment.《反性别歧视法》并未根除工作中的歧视。

你们家在烹饪方面有性别差异吗,英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1In my family, we have a bit of gender difference when it comes to cooking. My mom is the main chef in our house. She loves cooking and is really good at it. She can make all kinds of delicious dishes, from pasta to stir-fry to baking cakes. She is always trying out new recipes and experimenting with different ingredients. My mom's food is always so yummy and I love eating her meals.On the other hand, my dad is not much of a cook. He can make simple things like scrambled eggs or grilled cheese sandwiches, but that's about it. He is more of a helper in the kitchen, like washing dishes or chopping vegetables. He doesn't enjoy cooking as much as my mom does, so he leaves most of the cooking to her.I think it's nice that my parents have their own roles in the kitchen. My mom loves cooking and is really good at it, so she takes charge of meal preparation. My dad helps out in other ways and supports my mom's passion for cooking. They workwell together in the kitchen and always make sure we have delicious and nutritious meals.Overall, I don't think the gender difference in cooking in our family is a big deal. As long as everyone helps out and enjoys the food, that's what matters most. I'm just grateful that my mom cooks such tasty meals for us every day.篇2In my family, cooking is definitely not just for one gender. My mom is a great cook and she loves to experiment with new recipes and ingredients. She can whip up a delicious meal in no time and she always makes sure that we have a balanced diet.Dad, on the other hand, is not a fan of spending too much time in the kitchen. However, he can grill a mean barbecue and he loves to make breakfast on the weekends. He also likes to bake cookies and cakes with us when we have a special occasion to celebrate.My older sister is the one who is really interested in cooking and baking. She watches cooking shows on TV and she has her own recipe book where she writes down her favorite recipes. She always helps mom in the kitchen and she is always coming up with new ideas for meals.As for me, I am still learning how to cook. But I love to help out in the kitchen, whether it's stirring the pot or setting the table. I think it's important for everyone in the family to know how to cook and to help out with meal preparations.So in our family, there is no gender difference when it comes to cooking. We all pitch in and work together to create delicious meals that we can enjoy together. Cooking is something that brings us closer as a family and it's something that we all enjoy doing together.篇3In my family, there is definitely a gender difference when it comes to cooking. My mom is the main chef in the house, and she is so good at cooking! She can make all sorts of delicious dishes, from pasta to stir-fries to desserts. She always makes sure that our meals are tasty and nutritious.My dad, on the other hand, is not so great in the kitchen. He can make simple meals like sandwiches or grilled cheese, but that's about it. Whenever my mom is not home, we usually end up ordering takeout or eating leftovers because my dad doesn't really know how to cook.I think it's interesting how my parents have different roles when it comes to cooking. My mom is the one who plans and prepares most of our meals, while my dad is more of a helper or taste-tester. They both have their own strengths and weaknesses, and they work well together to make sure that our family iswell-fed.Overall, I don't think the gender difference in cooking in my family is a big deal. As long as we have good food to eat and enjoy each other's company at the dinner table, that's all that matters. I'm grateful to have such caring and talented parents who make sure that we always have delicious meals to enjoy together.篇4In my family, there is a difference in cooking between my mom and dad. My mom is the one who usually cooks dinner for us. She is really good at making all sorts of delicious dishes like stir-fried vegetables, braised pork, and fried rice. She always makes sure that our meals are not only tasty but also nutritious.On the other hand, my dad is not very good at cooking. He can make simple dishes like fried eggs or instant noodles, but that's about it. Sometimes when my mom is not at home, my dadwill try to cook something for us, but it usually doesn't turn out very well. We always end up ordering takeout on those nights.Even though my mom is the main cook in our family, my dad helps out in other ways. He is responsible for grilling the meat when we have BBQs, and he also makes a mean cup of coffee in the morning. My dad may not be as skilled in the kitchen as my mom, but he definitely has his own strengths when it comes to food.Overall, I think it's great that my parents have different roles in cooking. It makes me appreciate all the effort they put into making sure we have delicious meals every day. And who knows, maybe one day my dad will surprise us all with a gourmet dinner cooked by him!篇5In my family, there isn't really a gender difference when it comes to cooking. Both my mom and dad love cooking and they both enjoy trying out new recipes and cooking together.My mom is really good at baking and she loves making cakes, cookies, and pies. She has a special talent for making delicious desserts that always look and taste amazing. My dad, on the other hand, is great at grilling and barbecuing. He loves tocook meat on the grill and he makes the best barbecue ribs and burgers.Sometimes my mom and dad will cook together in the kitchen. They work as a team, with my mom handling the baking and my dad taking care of the grilling. It's really fun to watch them cook together because they make a great team and they always have a good time.I think it's great that there isn't a gender difference in my family when it comes to cooking. It shows that anyone can be a great cook, regardless of their gender. I'm lucky to have parents who love cooking and who enjoy making delicious meals for our family.篇6In my family, there is definitely a difference in cooking between my mom and my dad. My mom is like a cooking queen, she can whip up delicious meals in no time and everything always tastes amazing. She's always experimenting with new recipes and ingredients, and she's not afraid to try new things.On the other hand, my dad is more of a novice in the kitchen. He can make a few simple dishes like spaghetti or grilled cheese, but he mostly leaves the cooking to my mom. Whenever my daddoes cook, it's usually something very basic and he follows the recipe step by step.I think the main reason for this difference is that my mom enjoys cooking and sees it as a creative outlet, while my dad just sees it as a chore. My mom loves watching cooking shows and reading cookbooks, while my dad would rather be watching sports or reading the news.Even though there is a gender difference in cooking in my family, it doesn't mean that one is better than the other. Both my mom and dad contribute in their own way to the meals we eat, and I appreciate them both for their efforts. So, gender differences in cooking may exist in some families, but it's important to remember that everyone has their own strengths and abilities in the kitchen.篇7Well, in my family, there isn't really a gender difference when it comes to cooking. My mom and dad both love to cook and they are both really good at it. They often cook together and sometimes even have cooking competitions to see who can make the best dish.My mom is really good at making traditional dishes like pasta, stews, and soups. She always adds extra herbs and spices to make the flavors really pop. My dad, on the other hand, is a pro at grilling and BBQ. He makes the juiciest steaks and the tastiest burgers.Sometimes, my parents switch roles and my dad will make a delicious pasta dish while my mom takes charge of the grill. It's really fun to see them working together in the kitchen and trying out new recipes.I think it's great that there isn't a gender difference in my family when it comes to cooking. Both my mom and dad enjoy it and they both have their own specialties. It just shows that anyone can be a great cook, no matter their gender. Cooking is all about creativity, passion, and love for food. And my family definitely has all of that!篇8Oh, do you want to know if there is a gender difference in cooking in my family? Well, let me tell you all about it!In my family, my mom is the main cook. She loves to cook and always makes really tasty meals for us. She can make allkinds of dishes, from spaghetti to stir-fry to lasagna. She is like a master chef in our kitchen!My dad, on the other hand, is not so good at cooking. He can make simple things like scrambled eggs or toast, but that's about it. Whenever my dad tries to cook something more complicated, it usually ends up burnt or undercooked. We always tease him about it!But you know what? My dad is really good at grilling. He loves to barbecue on the weekends and makes the most delicious burgers and steaks. It's like his special talent! So even though my mom does most of the cooking during the week, my dad gets to show off his grilling skills on the weekends.So yeah, in my family, there is a bit of a gender difference in cooking. My mom is the main cook during the week, while my dad takes over the grill on the weekends. But you know what? It works for us, and we always have tasty meals to enjoy together as a family. It's all about teamwork in the kitchen!篇9In our family, there is no gender difference when it comes to cooking. My mom and dad both love to cook and they both take turns preparing delicious meals for our family.My mom is really good at making traditional dishes like fried rice, noodles, and stir-fried vegetables. She always adds a special touch of love to her cooking and everything she makes tastes amazing. My dad, on the other hand, is a master at grilling and BBQ. He loves to cook meat and seafood on the grill and we always look forward to his cookouts on the weekends.Sometimes, my mom and dad cook together in the kitchen and it's so much fun to watch them collaborate and create delicious meals. They always joke around and have a great time cooking together. They both have their own specialties and they complement each other perfectly in the kitchen.I'm really lucky to have parents who are both so talented at cooking. I've learned a lot from watching them and I can't wait to start cooking on my own someday. Cooking is not about gender, it's about passion and creativity. I'm grateful to have parents who inspire me to explore the world of cooking and find joy in preparing meals for the people I love.篇10Our family doesn't really have a gender difference when it comes to cooking. My mom and dad both enjoy cooking and they both take turns making meals for our family.My mom is really good at making traditional dishes like fried rice and dumplings. She always adds a special touch to her cooking by using fresh ingredients and seasoning them just right. Her dishes always turn out delicious and we all love it when she cooks for us.On the other hand, my dad is more adventurous in the kitchen. He likes to try out new recipes and experiments with different flavors and ingredients. Sometimes his dishes turn out amazing and sometimes they're a bit strange, but we always appreciate his efforts and creativity.I think it's great that both my mom and dad enjoy cooking and that they share the responsibility of making meals for our family. It shows that cooking is not just a task for one gender, but something that anyone can enjoy and excel at. I'm lucky to have parents who love to cook and who always make sure we have delicious meals to enjoy together.。

difference名词Difference is a noun that refers to the distinction or variation between two or more entities, objects, concepts, or ideas. It is often used to highlight the dissimilarities, discrepancies, or disparities that exist between things. Differences can be observed in various aspects of life, including behavior, appearance, characteristics, opinions, beliefs, preferences, and many more. Understanding the differences allows us to navigate through different situations, make informed decisions, and appreciate the diversity in the world.One common type of difference is a cultural difference. This refers to the variations in customs, traditions, practices, language, beliefs, and values between different cultures or ethnic groups. Cultural differences are often evident in greetings, food, clothing, religious practices, communication styles, and social norms. Such differences can lead to misunderstandings or conflicts, but they also offer opportunities for learning, expanding perspectives, and fostering inclusivity.Another important type of difference is the gender difference. It refers to the distinctions between males and females, beyond their physical attributes. Gender differences can manifest in roles, responsibilities, social expectations, behavior patterns, and communication styles. These differences can affect relationships, work dynamics, and societal norms. Recognizing and respecting gender differences is crucial for promoting equality, diversity, and inclusivity.Furthermore, differences can also be observed in personality traits. Each individual possesses a unique set of characteristics andqualities that make them distinct from others. Personality differences can involve introversion or extroversion, openness to new experiences, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. These differences can influence how people interact, communicate, make decisions, and perceive the world. Understanding personality differences helps in building effective teams, resolving conflicts, and fostering collaboration.Moreover, differences can arise in political ideologies. Different political ideologies and beliefs contribute to diverse political systems and structures around the world. Differences can be observed in the scope of government intervention, economic policies, social welfare, individual rights, and the role of the state. Understanding these ideological differences is crucial for informed political dialogue, decision-making, and democratic processes.In addition, educational differences are also significant. People have different educational backgrounds, levels of knowledge, and learning styles. Such differences can influence how individuals approach problem-solving, critical thinking, creativity, and decision-making. Recognizing these differences is essential for designing effective educational programs, accommodating various learning styles, and providing equal educational opportunities. Furthermore, differences can be seen in religious beliefs and practices. Different religions have distinct worldviews, rituals, ceremonies, moral codes, and spiritual practices. These religious differences can shape people's values, behaviors, and interactions. Understanding and respecting these differences is essential for promoting religious tolerance, dialogue, and peaceful coexistence.There are also differences in socioeconomic backgrounds and income levels, which play a crucial role in shaping opportunities, access to resources, standard of living, and social mobility. Recognizing these differences helps in addressing social inequalities, implementing equitable policies, and promoting inclusive societies.Overall, differences in various aspects of life are inevitable and enriching. They reflect the diversity and complexity of the world we live in. Understanding and appreciating these differences not only broadens our perspectives but also promotes empathy, tolerance, and acceptance.。

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking for. It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return2.2 recite extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her research?Keys: 1. C2. B3.A4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness, intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: That's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl babies and 15 boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents'attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:1. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions2.2parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act2.4raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Further speaking and listeningListening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit1.2 try to catch1.3 in wonder1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house1.6 tear…off1.7 care less1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face1.10 painting the walls1.11 lazy, cut1.12 dig…into1.13 boys1.14 dirt1.15 talk1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said,“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,”.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store but my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crimes 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not asan absolute.Keys:1.T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive 2.2 avoid, differences, attractive 2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

Statistical discrimination by sex 性别歧视
Gender discrimination is a gender to another member of the members of the gender inequality, also caused the difference of gender, especially men for women's unfair treatment. 性别歧视指的是一种性别成员对另一种性别成员的不 平等对待，也指性别造成的差别待遇，American beauty and unisex
China's neutral person中国的中性人
Thailand, regardless of sex of men and women, referred to as a freak 泰国不分性别的男女，简称人妖
No clear conclusion that characteristics between men and women
Brain tissue（脑组织） Creativity Competitiveness Dominant trait（支配性） Cooperation and so on……
Oh！My God!
Oh！My God!
“-La, la, la … I am handsome!” “-La, la, la … we are beautiful & charming!”
Gender Stereotype（性別刻板印象）
Gender stereotypes have a relatively fixed set of views for the psychological characteristics of men and women and the activities that they are engaged in.

英语作文男女差异Title: Gender Differences in English Composition。

In contemporary society, the discussion surrounding gender differences remains a pertinent topic. This essay delves into the distinctions between men and women in the context of English composition.Firstly, let's explore linguistic disparities. Research suggests that men and women tend to exhibit variations in language use. For instance, women often employ more elaborate and expressive language compared to men. They may utilize a broader vocabulary and incorporate more descriptive adjectives and adverbs into their writing. On the other hand, men frequently favor succinct and direct language, prioritizing clarity and brevity over embellishment. These distinctions can manifest in various forms of English composition, from essays to creative writing pieces.Furthermore, the approach to communication differs between genders. Women typically demonstrate greater attentiveness to interpersonal dynamics and emotional nuances in their writing. They may delve into characters' feelings and motivations in depth, crafting intricate narratives that delve into the human experience. Conversely, men may adopt a more objective and analytical stance, focusing on facts, logic, and problem-solving. Thiscontrast is evident not only in fiction but also in non-fiction genres such as academic writing and journalism.Another aspect to consider is the choice of topics and themes. While there are exceptions, women often gravitate towards subjects related to relationships, emotions, and personal experiences. Their writing may explore themes such as love, identity, and family dynamics, drawing from their own lives or empathizing with others' perspectives. In contrast, men may lean towards topics associated with action, competition, and achievement. They may be more inclined to write about topics like sports, politics, or technological advancements, reflecting their interests and priorities.Moreover, societal expectations and cultural norms influence gender differences in English composition. From a young age, boys and girls are often socialized differently regarding language use and expression. Girls may be encouraged to communicate more freely and emotively, whereas boys may be steered towards more assertive and detached forms of expression. These early experiences shape their writing styles and preferences as they mature, contributing to the observed disparities in English composition.It's important to note that these differences are not absolute and can vary significantly among individuals. While certain trends may exist on a population level, there is a wide spectrum of writing styles and approaches within each gender. Additionally, the perception of gender is evolving, challenging traditional stereotypes and allowing for greater fluidity and diversity in expression.In conclusion, gender differences play a nuanced rolein English composition, influencing language use,communication styles, topic selection, and thematic exploration. Understanding these distinctions can enrich our appreciation of literature and foster more inclusive and diverse writing communities. As society continues to evolve, it's essential to embrace the unique voices and perspectives of all writers, regardless of gender.。