形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
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形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 （八年级上 unit 6）
一、构成：
1、直接加-er，-est：long — longer — longest
short — shorter — shortest
2、以不发音的e结尾，加-r，-st： late — later — latest
fine — finer — finest
3、辅音+y，y-i ，再加-er，-est： heavy — heavier — heaviest
happy — happier — happiest
healthy — healthier — healthiest
4、重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写再加-er，-est，常见的（大红、胖瘦、湿热）
red — redder— reddest big — bigger — biggest
wet — wetter — wettest hot — hotter — hottest
fat — fatter — fattest thin — thinner — thinnest
5、部分双音节和多音节形容词须在前面加more-，most-：
(再如：delicions , exciting ，useful , popular , difficult等。)
6、特殊变化形式: good/well — better — best（好）
bad/badly — worse — worst（坏）
many/much — more —most（多）
litter — less — least（少）
— farther — farthest
远 far
— further — furthest
— older — oldest
老、旧 old
— elder — eldest
eg：My eldest sister / brother. My younger sister / brother.
注：1、分词构成的形容词加more- ，most- (如interesting tired)
2、以形容词 + ly 构成的副词加more- ，most- （如quickly，easily，happily，luckyly）
3、易出错的几个词：
early — earlier — earliest
易混
easily — more easily — most easily
badly — worse — worst （√）
badly — more badly — most badly （×）
friendly — more friendly — most friendly
均可
friendly — friendlier — friendliest （是形容词，不是副词。）
二、基本用法
１、比较级：用于两者之间进行比较（两者并不是指两个，有时是两部分。）
相关句型：
A超过B：A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B
A等于B：A + 动词 + as + 原级 + as + B
A + 动词否定形式 + as / so + 原级 + as +B
A不及B：
形容词反义词的比较级
A+ 动词 + + than + B
less + 原级（多音节词）
例：① I’m not as tall as he = I’m shorter than he.
② Chinese isn’t so interesting than English.
Chinese is less interesting than English. Chinese is
English is more interesting than Chinese.
2、最高级：适用范围是三者或三者以上。 of
句型：主语 + 动词 + the + 最高级 +（名词）+
（ 副词最高级前可不用the） in
of：表示主语和后面的比较范围属于同类。
in：表示主语和后面的比较范围不属于同类。
eg：Tom is the tallest of all .（the boys）
Tom is the tallest in my class.
三、特殊用法：
1、比较级 + and + 比较级 ：越来越……
He is fatter and fatter .
She is more and more beautiful .（不是more beautiful and more beautiful）
2、the + 比较级 ，the + 比较级：越……就越……
The more ，the better：越多越好
The busier he is the happier he feels. 他越忙就感到越高兴。
The harder you study ，the more you know.
3、the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词复数：两者中较……一个
He is the taller of the two students.
Which is country ，China or Japan？
A、large B、larger C、the larger D、largest
4、one of + 形容词的最高级 +复数名词：其中最……之一
Super star is one of the most popular songs.
This clock is one of the oldest clocks.
5、the + 序数词 + 形容词的最高级 + 单数名词：第几（大、长、宽、高……）
The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
这里不用first，最高级已经表示它是最长的了。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
四、修饰比较级的词：
1、表程度的词：much、a lot、a little、a bit、even、still等
…得多 一点 更；还
① It’s much / a little colder today.
② Tigers are much more dangerous than dogs.
（more修饰可数名词时，前用many修饰，more修饰不可数名词时，前用much。）
③ He’s fat ，but his brother is still fatter.
many more friends than Li Lei.
She has
much more fruit.
2、表数量的词：two years 、a head 、three meters 、two hours 等。
a、He is （two years）younger / older than you.
b、I am （a head）taller than she.
或two centimeters （2cm）
c、The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.
3、表倍数、分数的词：once、twice、three times 、3/4 、30%等。
一倍 两倍 三倍
My bike is twice cheaper than yours.
五、用法六忌：
1、比较级中than后面的人称代词在非正式之中可用主格或宾格，但当than后面的人称代词与动词连用时，只能用主格形式。
He is younger than I/me.
He is younger than I am.
但有时主格和宾格有显然区别。
He likes the dog better than me.
He likes the dog better than I do.
2、many、few及其比较级只能做宾语，不能做表语。
Li Tang’s books are more / fewer than Jim’s. （×）
Li Tang has more / fewer books than Jim. （√）
3、应避免自我比较。
Mike is taller than any boy in his class.
Mike is taller than any other boy in his class.
①、但如果比较双方不属于同一范围，句中不加other。
any other country in Asia.（亚洲）
China is larger than
any country in Africa.（非洲）
Guangzhou is bigger than A in Jiangsu.
A、any city B、any other city C、other cities D、the other cities
②、比较的另一方如果是不定代词：anyone 、 anything 前面不能加other，应在其后加else.
