2019版高考英语提分单元强化全国通用版全解析：单元强化1-2含解析

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AGetting close to active or erupting volcanoes can be dangerous. But for Michael Rampino, it's all in a day's work. Rampino is a volcanologist, a scientist who studies volcanoes and how they affect our planet. Rampino has been close to red-hot lava flows (熔岩流) in Hawaii and explosive volcanoes in Indonesia. He knows when to get close to an active volcano and when to back away.Rampino wasn't always a volcanologist. He worked for NASA for seven years. He studied rocks until he began to research climate change and the effects that volcanoes have on climate. He became interested in the subject. “Once I started working with volcanoes，” Rampino said, “I was hooked.”Rampino is a professor at New York University. As part of his job, he travels to areas where volcanoes have been active. “Active” means they have erupted within the past few centuries and probably will erupt again. Rampino studies the deposits (沉积物) of ash and other materials from the eruptions. The ash may hold clues to what happened to the Earth in the distant past. It may also help scientists predict what could happen to Earth's climate in the future.Rampino doesn't work alone. He works with a team of scientists who use computers to stimulate (模拟) the effects volcanoes have on Earth's atmosphere.Being a volcanologist may be hard work, but it's also fun. “It's cool traveling the world studying volcanoes，” Rampino says. When he talks to students about his work, he tells them that his goal is “to understand the events that have sh aped Earth's history.”篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe best reporters I know are bright, persistent, honest, curious and courageous. If you asked them to explain their success, this is what they might say：Helen: A good reporter is a generalist, able to deal with a number of topics and talk with a variety of people. He or she can see the unusual, the ironic (讽刺的) in the everyday things. She can think through all the possibilities and organize a large amount of information to find the important parts.Jack: A good reporter is quick. Once he is assigned a story, he goes after it. He makes the calls and keeps trying if he doesn't make contact with the people he wants to interview. Besides, a good reporter is curious. He or she takes pleasure in the new, and in the old, in the history or previous examples that got us where we are. He enjoys reading and appreciates the details.Susan: A good reporter is pleasant. She adopts a friendly nature with those she meets. She is a grateful guest, with a belief in the basic goodness of people. She conveys to those she meets that she is tolerant of them and their ideas, even though she doesn't like them or what they stand for.Tom: A good reporter is honest. He seeks the truth and acts independently. He does what he says he's going to do, and doesn't do anything he promised to avoid. He returns his calls, and he's willing tosay no. He is obsessed with accuracy and double checks his facts with call-backs. He sees both sides to every issue.Richard: As Jon Frankli n, reporter, author and teacher, said, “Back when I first started, I thought intelligence was the most important attribute a reporter could have. I have since changed my mind. You do have to be intelligent, but the big thing is courage. Courage to open your mind and let the whole confusing world in. Courage to take criticism. Courage to grow with your experiences. Courage to accept what you don't understand. Most of all, courage to see what is there and not what you want to think is there.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AThe British live on a small island.They are surrounded by the sea,so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.After the development of large,ocean­going sailing ships in the fifteenth century,the sea became even more important to the country's development.Ships setting sail from England determined to extend Britain's territories,its wealth and its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods,people and new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century,Britain had the largest,most powerful navy in the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life that they even affected the language.Many English expressions we use today were originally nautical(航海的)terms,although most people no longer realize this.For example,people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being“above board”.This expression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive,dishonest ship's business would be carried out below decks(i.e.below the boards)out of public view.On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck(above the boards),in the open where everyone could see what was going on.“Pipe down！”，meaning“Be quiet！”，is another common expression that has nautical origins.The ship's boatswain(水手长)would blow a whistle,or pipe,at the end of the day to indicate(表明)to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.Most native English speakers have heard the expression“not enough room to swing a cat”，but few know that the“cat”does not refer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail.The“cat”is actually a short form of“cat of nine tails”—a whip with nine,knotted(打结的)tails.A boatswain needed a lot of space in order to swing the whip properly when lashing(鞭打)a poor sailorunder hiscontrol!篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·浙江高考)FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner，”an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2017·浙江高考)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day！Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？Watch TV.“More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone，”says Dr Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.篇章导读：本文是一篇调查报告。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空I remember the first day when I saw Sally playing basketball. I watched in wonder as she struggled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground. She seemed so __1__ , but she managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net. The boys always tried to stop her __2__nobody could.I began to notice Sally at other times, basketball in hand, playing __3__ . She practiced dribbling (运球) and __4__over and over.One day I asked Sally why she __5__so much. Without a moment of he sitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can go is to get a __6__ . I'm going to play college basketball and I want to be the best one. I believe that if I am __7__ enough, I will get one. My father has told me that if the dream is big enough, the facts don't __8__ .”I __9__her through those junior high years and into high school. Every week, she led her team to __10__ . One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting on the grass, her head __11__ in her arms. Slowly and quietly, I __12__and sat down beside her. “What's wrong？” I asked. “Oh, nothing，”came a soft reply. “I am just too short.” The__13__told her that at 165 cm she would probably never play for a top team—still less she would be__14__a scholarship—so she should stop dreaming about college.I felt she was extremely __15__ . I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were __16__ . They didn't understand the__17__of a dream.The next year, Sally was seen by a college basketball coach after a big game. She was __18__offered a scholarship and __19__to the college team. She was going to get the college education that she had __20__ and worked toward for all those years.It's true: if the dream is big enough, the facts don't count.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解AMandara seemed to know something big was about to happen. So she let out a yell, caught hold of her 2-year-old daughter Kibibi and climbed up into a tree. She lives at the National Zoo in Washington DC.And on Tuesday, August 23rd, witnesses said she seemed to sense the big earthquake that shook much of the East Coast before any humans knew what was going on. And she's not the only one. In the moments before the quake, an orangutan (猩猩) let out a loud call and then climbed to the top of her shelter.“It's very different from their normal call，” said Brandie Smith, the zookeeper. “The lemurs (monkey-like animals of Madagascar) will sound an alarm if they see or hear something highly unusual.”But you can't see or hear an earthquake 15 minutes before it happens, can you? Maybe you can—if you're an animal. “Animals can hear above and below our range of hearing，”said Brandie Smith. “That's part of their special abilities. They're more sensitive to the environment, which is how they survive.”Primates weren't the only animals that seemed to sense the quake before it happened. One of the elephants made a warning sound. And a huge lizard (蜥蜴) ran quickly for cover. The flamingoes (a kind of birds) gathered before the quake and stayed together until the shaking stopped.So what kind of vibrations (震动) were the animals picking up in the moments before the quake? Scientist Susan Hough said earthquakes produce two types of waves—a weak “P” wave and then a much stronger “S” wave. The “P” stands for “primary”. And the “S” stands for “secondary”. She thinks the “P” wave might be what sets the animals off.Not all the animals behaved unusually before the quake. Forexample, Smith said the zoo's giant pandas didn't jump up until the shaking actually began. But many of the other animals seemed to know something was coming before it happened. “I'm not surprised at all，”Smith said.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。

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单元加餐练Ⅰ.阅读理解ALooking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.Before World War Ⅰ we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal (清澈的) clear memory of dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and above all, the insects.I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious (意识清醒的) mind. Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and several books, in which some might be honored with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist. One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self－discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist can be made a naturalist. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。

2019版高考英语提分单元加餐练全国通用版(全解析)：单元加餐练1（）-199单元加餐训练ⅰ。

21年前，我的丈夫给了我一只八周大的狗sam，帮助我减轻(减轻；减轻)压力。

我们民主的丧失。

问我们是否想要一个。

我们担心萨姆会不高兴，但我们决定带一只小猫去。

我们选了一只小的、灰色的、顽皮的猫。

她四处追逐想象中的老鼠和松鼠，从一张桌子跳到另一张椅子上，所以我们把她命名为闪电。

6年，萨姆和闪电并不接近。

闪电开始了萨姆。

他们一起睡觉，一起吃饭，一起玩耍。

当我把其中一个带出房子时，我们回来时，另一个总是在门边。

这就是他们生活了多年的生活。

然后，没有任何痛苦，山姆突然死于心脏衰弱。

这一次，闪电没有山姆可以问候，也没有办法解释为什么她再也见不到她的朋友了。

在接下来的日子里，“闪电”似乎心碎了。

她无法用语言告诉我她是谁，但每当有人打开前门，我都能看到她眼中的痛苦和悲伤。

几个星期过去了，猫的悲伤似乎减轻了。

我想看看沙发旁边的地板，我们有一个雕塑复制品。

我们一年前买的萨姆塔。

多年来一直如此。

疾病“疾病”；害怕“害怕”；警告“前兆；警报”没有“警告”，山姆突然死亡。

因此，选择d。

12 . a . talk c . thinkB . explain d . write回答:B talk“talk”不能直接添加对象；解释“解释”；思考“思考，思考”；写没有办法解释为什么她再也见不到她的朋友了。

所以选择b。

13。

年B .周3年。