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专题九定语从句考点精讲考点一关系词的用法关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who 指人的词主语、宾语、表语whom 指人的词宾语whose 指人或物的词定语that 指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which 指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语as 指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语when 表示时间的名词时间状语where 表示地点的名词地点状语why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I'm going to send postcards．我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly．很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it．他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year．这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know，smoking is harmful to one's health．众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when(＝on which)one must yield．任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(＝in which) I was born．北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(＝for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？特别提示： whose指人或物，作定语。
第三讲定语从句定语从句必备知识[全析考法]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soiltesting program________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soiltesting program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。
3．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less thanin their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.解析：who/that 先行词是Many westerners，指人，故用who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。
定语从句中关系关系代词that和which的那点事儿一、教学目标：通过本课的学习，帮助同学们梳理在定语从句中关系代词that和which的用法辨析。
二、教学重难点：在限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that不能用which的情况和当先行词指事、物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况三、教学过程：（一）、限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that不能用which的情况：1、当先行词是不定代词all,little,few,much,everything,anything,nothing,none,some等时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？2、当先行词被 the only,the very(恰恰，正好），any,every,some,no,all,few,little,much,the right,the last,just等词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I'm waiting for.这就是我正在等的公交车。
The only thing that we can do is(to)give you some money.我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。
3、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是已经用过的抗污染的最好的办法。
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
4、当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
This train is the first that will go to Suzhou.这是去苏州的第一趟火车。
定语从句的应用☑限定性定语从句：限定_______，无逗号隔开一．定语从句的分类：x非限定性定语从句：不限定先行词，做句子的补充说明，有____隔开⚠⚠️非限定性定语从句的引导词不能为that”试比较：I have a son who is a doctor. 我有一个做医生的儿子。
I have a son，who is a doctor. 我有一个儿子，他是一名医生。
你能说出他们意义上的区别吗？__________________________________________________________二．定语从句的结构：_______词+关系词+_______ 从句三．定语从句的翻译方式：①若定语从句较短，可将整个句子翻译为_______如I meet a person who has good temper and is kind to me.我遇到一个脾气温和并对我很好的人。
②若定语从句较长，可将引导词翻译出来，which(这) ，where（_______），when（_______），why（_______）如：Chunqiu period was a symbolic historical time when the rulers of separated states set up a separatist regime by force of arms and peted for talented people.春秋时期是一段象征性的历史时期，这个时期里诸侯割据，各统治者争夺人才。
③介词+which 或介词+whom介词直译+which翻译为（_______）介词直译+whom翻译为（这个人或这些人）翻译：We have invited about 100 experts to attend the meeting, most of whom spealize in information technology._______________________________________________________________________________________________翻译：The plications(并发症)will greatly increase the risk of diabetes（糖尿病）,by which about75%ofthe deaths are caused._______________________________________________________________________________________________四．定语从句关系词的选择指人: that、who、whom （作主语或宾语）关系代词（在定语从句中作主语或宾语或定语）指物: that、which、as （作主语或宾语）指所属：whose（作定语）关系副词（在定语从句中作状语）: where、when、why (可相当于介词+which 的结构)先判断先行词在从句中所做成分，再结合语境进行选择。
第2讲定语从句[前沿最新动态]题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Because the moon's body blocksdirect radio communication with a probe, China first hadto put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot whereit could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artistwhose paintings were almost lifelike.3．(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)The 80，000 objects collectedby Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the corecollection of the British Museum which/that opened in1759．4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) They were well trained by theirmasters who had great experience with caring for theseanimals.1．考查定语从句的关系代词；2．考查定语从句中的关系副词。
短文改错1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Thank you for your letter, whatreally made me happy. what→which2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions, Ieat all the food what is provided by Mom withappreciation. what→that3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) One afternoon where I was inprimary school, I was walking by the schoolplayground.where→when4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond whichthey raised fish.which→where或which前加in1．关系代词的缺失；2．关系副词的错用；3．关系代词与关系副词的错用；4．关系代词前介词的缺失。
找谓语，判断句际关系距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
考向1 拆分句子结构，判断句子类型【考情调研】近年高考加大了对长难句与复杂句式结构的考查力度，对考生的句式分析能力提出了更高的要求。
近五年高考对句子的考查情况详见下表∶调研1（2021·新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps... Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _______offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs. 。
非限制性定语从句-介词+关系代词(专项突破)【教学目标】定语从句【教学重点】非限制性定语从句中关系词的选择；【教学难点】限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；as和which引导的定语从句。
【进门得分】考点 1) The sharks followed the warm currents may have changed northward duringthis period.考点2) The letter that I opened it wasn' t for me.考点3) The road construction is based on the agreement, one of purposes is to ensure itscompletion on time.【教学内容】教学引入：区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句？彳列句1) They told me they had just arrived at the last destination that you went to last year.彳列句2) What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, which is unique to humans.【教学内容一：非限制性定语从句知识概况】一、定义：非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明，删去非限制性定语从句，主句的意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。
二、关系词:who, whom, which, whose, as, when, where, that 和why 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句，从句之前要用逗号。
1、先行词指人，那么用.2、先行词指物，要用.3、先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用或者引导。
高中英语定语从句要点和难点剖析一、高中英语定语从句要点1.正确理解和使用先行词，关系词和定语从句。
先行词，关系词和定语从句被称为定语从句三要素。
正确理解和使用定语从句三要素是学好定语从句的前提。
先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词或相当于名词的词或词组;关系词就是引导定语从句的引导词，它包含关系副词和关系代词。
关系副词有：where、why 、when; 关系代词有：who、whom、whose、which、that 、as。
关系词在定语从句中有如下作用：①连接和引导作用。
关系词引导定语从句，并把他和主句连接起来;②替代作用，关系词在定语从句中代替它所修饰的先行词;③成分作用，关系词在定语从句中总是充当一定的句子成分。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语，并且可以用介词+which 代替关系副词引导定语从句;而关系代词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语、和表语。
最后一个概念也是最重要的概念，即定语从句，学生要透彻地理解定语从句的概念，就如同前面提到的先要理解什么是定语，定语就是在单句中修饰和限制名词或者代词或者相当于名词的词或者词组的句子成分，是由单个的词或者词组充当;而定语从句是在复合句里面修饰和限制名词或者是代词的句子成分，是由句子充当的，所以称为定语从句。
同时，定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种2.能正确理解句意并分析句子结构，找出定语从句及其所修饰的先行词。
理解句意并正确分析句子结构，找出定语从句及其所修饰的先行词，是运用定语从句的关键。
分析句子结构，尤其是剖析长难复合句，是一项重要的基本技能，在定语从句的学习中，这项技能显得更为重要。
大家都知道，讨论定语从句是在复合句中讨论的，在复合句中，主句的主语、宾语、表语、状语都可以带定语从句做它的修饰语。
二、掌握和运用定语从句的难点1.当先行词为下列五种名词时，要注意正确使用关系代词和关系副词。
（1）当先行词是地点名词时，如果它在定语从句中作地点状语，就要用关系副词where 或介词+which引导定语从句;如果它在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，就要用关系代词引导定语从句。
高三英语一轮复习定语从句学案语法学案高三英语备课组高考定语从句复习学案一,概念:在复合句中～修饰某一_________或_________的从句～叫定语从句1. _______词:定语从句所修饰的词2. 引导词:(1) 关系______词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as(2) 关系______词: where, when, why 3. 关系词常有3个作用:?引导定语从句 ?代替先行词。
?在定语从句中担当一个________。
4. 关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语,whose,～作_______时可省略,关系副词作状语～一般不省略二,定语从句的种类定语从句可分为两类:________定语从句和__________定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开～修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词,非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开～可以修饰主句中的某一个词～也可修饰整个句子。
非限制性定语从句不能用______引导～引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
把下列句子翻译成中文:His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him._____________________________China is a country which has a long history.________________________________________三,定语从句的热门考点1. 定语从句关系词的选用,详见表格,,2. 只能that或which的情况,3. which和as的区别,4. whose 用法及转换形式,5. 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位臵(介词短语和动词短语),6. 定语从句中的特殊情况。
四,关系代词和关系副词的作用正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
关系词一共有9个, 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。
关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that 人/物人/物? × ? 不能用于非限制性从句which 物物? ? × which作宾语很少见who 人? ? × × who可代替whom作宾语whom × 人× × ×whose × × × 人/物×when × × × × ?where × × × × ?why × × × × ?as 主要用于非限制性的定语从句和such…as…, the same...as..., so...as...结构中考点一:如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词,提示: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定, 用关系词填空1 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误～就一事无成。
语法学案高三英语备课组1) Those _______ break the rules should be punished.2) (1992全国～27) In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to _______ she could turn for help.3) Gone are the days _________ we used foreign oil.4) The reason ________ he was absent was that he was ill.5) This is the reason _________ he gave for his absence.6) ,03北京春季,We are living in an age _________ many things are done on computer. 7) (2009安徽) 30. Many children～_________ parents are away working in big cities～are takengood care of in the village.8) Next Sunday, ________ I will spend go fishing, I’m sure, will be another exciting day.9) ,05上海,If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.10) ,2006福建,22. Look out! Don’t get too close to the house_______roof is under repair.练习:1. Is this the museum ________ we held the exhibition?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 2. Is this museum _________ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 3.,2010天津,8. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?—You should try the barber’s _______ I go. It’s only 15.A. asB. whichC. whereD. that4.,2010湖南, 28. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.A. whoB. whereC. whenD. which5.,2006山东,26. We’re just trying to reach a point ______ bothsides will sit down togetherand talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which 6.,2006江西,33. —Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes, there's one point_______ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. / 7. You’ve told me such an attractive place ________ I am more than willing to go.A. asB. whereC. thatD. in which8. (2012重庆卷) 29. Sales director is a position __ communication ability is just as important as salesA. whichB. thatC. whenD. where考点二: 关系代词which 和that的区别在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时, 下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:1) 先行词被?形容词最高级,?序数词,?the only, the very, the right 修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen. / This is the very personthat I’m waiting for.2) 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one时～或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时All that glitters is not gold. 中文意思:___________________________________I’m sure there’s nothing that a woman can’t do. / All that can be done _______ been done.3) 先行词中既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?4) 当先行词在主句中作表语～而关系代词也在从句中作表语时～用thatChina is no longer the country that it use d to be. = …the country _____ it used to be.5) 当主句中含有疑问词which或who时, 为避免重复～常用that 代替who 或which。
2 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. 想不犯错误～就一事无成。
语法学案高三英语备课组Who that has common sense will do such a thing? / Which is the book that you like best?6) 主句以there be 开头时There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.7)有两个定语从句时～其中一个关系词已用which, 另一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution. 在定语从句中～当先行词指物时～只能用which而不能用that 的情况:1) 在介词提前的定语从句中～关系代词只能用which。
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.2) which 可引导非限制性定语从句～that则不能。
She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.9. His brother did ______ he could to help him.A. all whichB. all whatC. allD. which 10. (04北春) Luckily, we’d brought a map without ______ we would have lost our way.A. itB. thatC. thisD. which 11. Finally the manager adopted the best proposal _______ had been put forward at the meeting.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. as 12. (05’湖北卷) Her sister has become a lawyer, _______ she wanted to be.,表语,A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which13.,2009全国?,17. My friend showed me round the town, ______ was very kind of him.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it 14.(2013江苏) 32 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，____ heremembers started as early as his childhood.A(where B(which C(what D(when15. (2013上海卷) 38. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area ____interact with one another.[A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what考点三:as与which引导的定语从句共同点:二者都可以引导非限制定语从句～指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容。
