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【英语】初中英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)一、定语从句1．一Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.一He is a great astronaut of all the Chinese are proudA．that B．whose C．who D．whom【答案】D【解析】句意：——请告诉我关于杨利伟的事情。
——他是一个所有中国人都为他感到自豪的宇航员。
be proud of为---感到自豪；这是一个定语从句，介词of后面应用宾格，故选D2．Success will belong to those never say “impossible” .A．whom B．what C．who D．Which【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：成功属于那些永远不说不可能的人。
此处考的是定语从句，先行词是those那些人，而且关系代词在句中做主语，所以用who，选C；whom可指代人，但做宾语；which只能指物，故选C。
考点：考查定语从句。
3．The girl ________ an English song i n the next room is Tom’s sister.A．who is singing B．is singing C．sang D．was singing【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：正在隔壁房间唱英文歌曲的女孩是汤姆的姐姐。
这里使用了定语从句，先行词是the girl，定语从句中缺少主语，用who或that引导定语从句，故选A。
4．The only language ____ is easy to learn is mother tongue．A．which B．that C．/ D．it【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：唯一的容易学的语言就是母语。
先行词language在定语从句中作主语，由于它前面有修饰语only，所以只能用关系代词that，不能用which，因此选B。
定语从句一．定语从句的定义：所谓定语从句，就是用一个句子来做定语来修饰一个名词，其中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句之间（或者说引导定语从句）的词语叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
其中常见的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but,than;常见的关系副词有：why,when,where.（注意：what，how，whether，if和特殊疑问词+ever不能引导定语从句）。
二．如何选择定语从句的连接词：首先明确先行词是什么，然后找到后面的从句，把从句单独拿出来分析，看一看先行词在句子中做什么成分，根据语法选择连接词。
Eg:He tried to escape from the prison that/which was builtin the Middle Age .分析：1.找先行词：prison 2.把prison放入从句中可以看到prison在从句中是做主语，即the prison was built in the Middle Age .而在定语从句中能充当主语的连接词一般情况下是that和which，于是就能选出连接词了。
三．连接词的用法：1.that：可以修饰人和物，在从句中作主语或宾语,表语，做宾语的时候一般情况下可以省略。
Eg: She is a girl who/that has long hair.(在从句中做主语) Is this the news (that)/which you wanted to tell me yesterday?(在从句中做宾语，可以省略that)He is no longer a kind-hearted man that he used to be(在从句中做表语)注意：1）that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died in the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
【英语】英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)含解析一、定语从句1．There will be a stamp show in the museum ______ we visited last week.A．who B．when C．which D．what【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：我们上周参观的博物馆将有一场邮票展览。
关系代词的用法。
who的先行词是人；when的先行词是时间名词，在从句中作状语；what不能引导定语从句，此处先行词是museum，是事物，应该用关系代词which替代museum，在从句中作visit的宾语，故选C。
2．Success will belong to those never say “impossible” .A．whom B．what C．who D．Which【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：成功属于那些永远不说不可能的人。
此处考的是定语从句，先行词是those那些人，而且关系代词在句中做主语，所以用who，选C；whom可指代人，但做宾语；which只能指物，故选C。
考点：考查定语从句。
3．Ant Forest is a popular mobile app_____ allows people to plant real trees in the desert by collecting “green energy points’’.A．what B．who C．whom D．which【答案】D【解析】【详解】蚂蚁森林是一款允许人们通过收集绿色能量在沙漠里种植真的树木的流行的手机应用软件。
考查定语从句。
本句为定语从句，先行词是a popular mobile app指物，关系词用which，故选D。
4．Being blind is something _________ most people can’t imagine.A．who B．what C．that D．whom【答案】C【解析】先行词是something，关系代词用that。
，定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry .他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the b ook whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一 P1】定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good .他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from . 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her . 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。
例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语）There is still mu ch homework which we must finish.（which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who 和 whom1. who 和 whom 代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用 who 引导，作宾语时用 whom 引导。
定语从句I关系代词定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。
基本构成：先行词+关系间+定语从句。
先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。
分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。
一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了。
(作主语)Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。
(作宾语)2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.罗丝是你应该关心的人。
(作宾语)3.whose可修饰人，也可修饰物，表"所属"关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake.我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被摧毁了。
(作定语)4.which指事物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
China is a country which has a long history.中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
5.that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
习惯上指人多用who, whom，指物多用which.The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。
1. 定语从句是历年高考的热点，是必考的语法点。
2. 本讲的重点内容为：1）定语从句的关系代词；2）定语从句的关系副词；3）对于表地点、时间的先行词模糊化；4）that与which在引导定语从句时的区别3. 在高考中大多以单项选择题、完形填空题的形式出现，分值约3~4分。
在书面表达中正确用定语从句表达思想能提高考生作文的分数。
点拨一、知识精讲（一）定语从句的概念：功能：相当于形容词，在句中作定语位置：置于被修饰的名词或代词之后先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词引导词：1）关系代词：that，who，whom，whose，which，关系代词可作主语、宾语和定语，作宾语时可省略。
2）关系副词：when，why，where，关系副词可作状语，一般不能省略。
关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中充当句子成分。
（二）限制性定语从句限制性定语从句的用法：①限制性定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使先行词的意思更明确和具体，使之成为特定的人或事，如果去掉该定语从句，整个句子的句意将不完整；②限制性定语从句不能用逗号将其与主句分开；③限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
【例句】The student who answered the question was John. （who作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词student,，who在从句中用作主语。
）I know the reason why he was so angry.（why作关系副词，修饰先行词reason，why在从句中作原因状语。
）The boy （whom）you are talking to is my brother. （whom作关系代词,修饰先行词boy, whom在从句中作宾语。
）I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. （whose作关系代词, 修饰先行词room, whose在从句中用作定语,可代之以of which。
）（三）关系代词的用法1. 当先行词为人时用who/that作主语，whom/who/that作宾语，用作宾语时可以省略，但是介词后面必须用whom，而且是不能省略的。
【例句】The number of people who/that were killed or injured in the earthquake reached more than 400,000.The doctor whom/who/that you are looking for is in the room.The man to whom our teacher spoke just now is our new headmaster.Do you know the man I talked to this morning?状元典例1用关系代词把下列句子连接成定语从句：I like the teacher. She often helps me with my study.I like the teacher __________________________________________________________.状元典例2The man ____ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when答案：A思路分析：先行词是the man，故要去掉B和D项，先行词在从句中作主语，所以要选A。
2. 当先行词为物时用which/that，可作主语或宾语，用作宾语时可以省略，但是介词后面必须用which，而且是不能省略的。
【例句】The building which stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.状元典例1用关系代词把下列句子连接成定语从句：Ann was wearing a hat. It was too big for her.Ann was wearing a hat __________________________________________________.状元典例2This is the school ____ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what答案：B思路分析：先行词是the school, 放在从句中作visited的宾语，先行词作宾语时可以省略，所以选B。
3. whose：属格，在从句中作定语，即可指人也可指物。
【例句】Do you know the man whose name is John? （指人）I’d like a room whose window faces south. （指物）=I’d like a room of which the window faces south.=I’d like a room the window of which faces south.状元典例（福建）Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ____ roof is under repair.A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. that答案：A思路分析：根据句意可知房顶正在维修，house和roof之间是所属关系，应用the roof of which 或whose roof,故选A。
归纳1：关系代词的用法做这类题的口诀：前看先行词，辨清人或物后看从句中，是主还是宾（四）关系副词的用法1. 关系副词when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表时间的名词，如：time, day, week, month, year, etc.【例句】I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing.注意：先行词为“时间名词”①可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作时间状语，（如：time, day, week, month, etc.）相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”when = in/at/on/during + which②还可以用which或that引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
【例句】I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army. （作状语）I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）There are occasions when joking is not permissible. （作状语）状元典例1（1）用合适的关系词填空：I’ll never forget the day _____________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ____________ I spent on campus.I’ll never forget the time ____________ was spent with you.（2）合并句子：Elias first met Mandela in 1952. He was 12 years old in 1952.Elias first met Mandela in 1952_____________________________________________.August 8th, 2008 is the day. The 29th Olympic Games was held in Beijing on the day.August 8th, 2008 is the day ____________________________________________________.状元典例2July 27, 1989 is the day ______ we had a wonderful time.A. in whichB. whenC. whomD. that答案：B思路分析：先行词是the day, 把它放在从句中应作时间状语on the day，故A选项不符合，on which = when 故选B。
状元典例3（山东）Occasions are quite rare ______ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. whoB. whichC. whyD. when答案：D思路分析：本句中occasion“机会”作先行词，表时间，其后用when引导定语从句，整个句子调整一下顺序为：Occasions when I have the time to spend a day with my kids are quite rare.这样就很容易理解了。
2. 关系副词where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.【例句】This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where /in which he used to live.注意：先行词是“地点名词”：①定语从句可用where引导，where在定语从句中作地点状语（如：place, school, factory, room, etc.），相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。
where = at/in/on+which②还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。
【例句】This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.（作状语）This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）状元典例1（1）用合适的关系词填空：The library _____________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _____________ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library ______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.（2）合并句子：The school was 3 kilometers away. Elias studied in the school for 2 years.The school _______________________________________________was 3 kilometers away.Beijing is the city. The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in the city.Beijing is the city___________________________________________________________. 状元典例2This is just the place _____ I am longing to visit these years.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. to where答案：A思路分析：先行词place在从句中作visit的宾语，故选A。
