定语从句1

定语从句一．定语从句的定义：所谓定语从句，就是用一个句子来做定语来修饰一个名词，其中被修饰的名词叫做先行词，连接先行词和从句之间（或者说引导定语从句）的词语叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。

其中常见的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as,but,than;常见的关系副词有：why,when,where.（注意：what，how，whether，if和特殊疑问词+ever不能引导定语从句）。

二．如何选择定语从句的连接词：首先明确先行词是什么，然后找到后面的从句，把从句单独拿出来分析，看一看先行词在句子中做什么成分，根据语法选择连接词。

Eg:He tried to escape from the prison that/which was builtin the Middle Age .分析：1.找先行词：prison 2.把prison放入从句中可以看到prison在从句中是做主语，即the prison was built in the Middle Age .而在定语从句中能充当主语的连接词一般情况下是that和which，于是就能选出连接词了。

三．连接词的用法：1.that：可以修饰人和物，在从句中作主语或宾语,表语，做宾语的时候一般情况下可以省略。

Eg: She is a girl who/that has long hair.(在从句中做主语) Is this the news (that)/which you wanted to tell me yesterday?(在从句中做宾语，可以省略that)He is no longer a kind-hearted man that he used to be(在从句中做表语)注意：1）that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略，例如：His father died in the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。

定语从句一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。

换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。

3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。

若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。

4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。

但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。

5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as关系副词：when, where, why二、基本用法1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。

1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。

told him all (that) I know.gave her everything (that) he had.2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。

have read all the books (that) you gave me.can take any book (that) you like.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。

1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。

定语从句（一）--------关系代词的用法一．定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。

关系词有三个作用：1、引导定语从句;2、代替先行词；3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who，whom和whose，关系副词包括where，when，why等。

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。

（that作主语）The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （作主语）The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3. who指人在从句中做主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

例如：The boys who are playing football are from Class One.翻译：指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常用who代替，可省略。

例如：Mr. Ling is just the man whom I want to see.翻译：5..whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow2. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时;例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

定语从句（1）概念引入：She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。

This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。

He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。

Give me the book whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。

定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法，上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗？是不是有点不同呢？从这个单元开始，我们将学习定语从句的升级版，但还是从头开始学哟。

语法点拨【高清课堂：定语从句一P1】，定语从句的定义Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗？The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good.他前天买的那本书很棒。

He is the man whom we should learn from. 他就是我们应该学习的人。

Her friend whose home is very far came to see her. 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。

其中粗体的部分就是定语从句，划横线的部分叫做先行词，也就是被定语从句修饰的词。

定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词：上面例子中的关系代词who, whom, which, that是用来引导定语从句的连接词。

这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分，如主语、宾语或表语。

例如：Those students who study in this school are good at football.（who代替先行词students在从句中充当主语）There is still much homework which we must finish.（which代替先行词homework在从句中充当宾语）关系代词引导的定语从句I. who和whom1. who和whom代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用who引导，作宾语时用whom引导。

一. 教学内容：语法——定语从句〔1〕什么是定语？定语是用来修饰名词或代词的，对其起修饰限制作用。

被修饰的词叫先行词。

英语中可以作定语的词包括形容词〔短语〕，介词短语，非谓语动词等。

→ a pretty girl→ a bottle full of water→the book on the table→the girl standing over there→the school built in 1970此外，句子也可以作定语，也就是定语从句。

→the girl who is standing over there.→the school that was built in 1970.引导词：关系代词和关系副词特点：①连接作用：引导从句，把它和主句连接起来。

②替代作用：在从句中替代它前面的先行词。

③成分作用：在从句中充当句子成分。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose→A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物，作主语)→The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.〔指物，作宾语〕→Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. (指物，作表语)→Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.〔指人，作主语〕→The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. 〔指人，作宾语〕→They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 〔指物，作主语〕→The fish (which) we bought were not fresh.〔指物，作宾语〕→The boy who broke the window is called Michael.〔指人，作主语〕→The person (whom/who) you talked to is my math teacher. 〔指人，作宾语〕→Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.〔指人，作主语〕→This is the house whose window broke last night. 〔指物，作主语〕英语中，定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

定语从句1知识点总结一、定语从句的定义定语从句（adjective clause）是一种修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定这个名词或代词的含义。

定语从句通常由关系词引导，并且关系词在从句中充当某一成分的作用。

二、关系词的种类1.关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等。

- 用来修饰人的关系代词有：who, whom, whose- 用来修饰物的关系代词有：which, that2.关系副词引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。

- when用来指代时间，where用来指代地点，why用来指代原因，how用来指代方式。

三、定语从句的位置1.定语从句可以放在先行词之后，例如：The man who is talking to my mother is a doctor.2.定语从句也可以放在先行词之前，例如：That is the man who is talking to my mother.3.定语从句还可以放在先行词之中，例如：The man who my mother is talking to is a doctor.四、定语从句的特点1.从句中所含的主谓结构要完整The book that I want to read is on the desk.2.从句中的主语和先行词相同The girl who is singing is my sister.3.从句中的关系词在从句中的作用The car which you bought is very expensive.五、在定语从句中关系词的省略在定语从句中，当关系词作为宾语或者介词宾语时，可以省略。

The book (that) I want to read is on the desk.The person (whom) I am talking about is my friend.六、定语从句的引导词用法1. who和whomWho用来指人，作主语或者宾语。

定语从句定语从句入门一.定语:修饰一个名词或代词的词和词语。

a useful mapa 5-year-old boya developed countrya book to be publishedsomething importantThe man whom we saw just now is our headmaster.二.用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词,或修饰整个句子或主句中一部分,而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句(Attributive subordinate clause),又称关系从句(Relative Clause)。

.The boy（who you are talking about）is over there定语从句的基本概念1、位置：定语从句一般置于所修饰名词或代词（即先行词) 的后面2、结构: 关系词+ S +V3、关系词：定语从句和主句之间有关系词来连接4. 翻译方法:“….的”练习: 请找出下列句子中的定语从句。

1.The book that I borrowed from the library is well written.2.Is she the girl who would like to join the army ?3.Did you see the young man who was chosen as the leading actor?4.The worker who repaired our house lives next door to Li Hua’s.5.The person whom/who you want to see comes.6. The girl that studies music plays the violin very well.7.The day which I was looking forward to arrived at last.8. Is there anything that belongs to you?9.This is the girl who practices playing the piano every day.10.The watch which her mother gave to her works very well.11.This is the shop which keeps open till eleven at night.你能发现几个关系代词?关系代词与先行词是什么关系?关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分?三.关系代词的作用关系代词有三个作用：一、引导定语从句二、代替先行词，三，在定语从句中充当一定的句子成份。

十四.定语从句定语从句复习概要1.在复合句(包括主句和从句)中,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词.如The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do.( ) ( ) ( ) ( )2.由______ ______ _______等关系代词引导的定语从句,关系代词可在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.通常_____指事物,_____指人(作宾语时用_____),_______既可指人也可指物.但在使用时有所区别:( ) 1. The doctor ____is treating for your heart trouble is a friend of mine.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. whom( ) 2. The place _____in terested me most was the Children’s Palace.A. whichB. whereC. whatD. in which一.定语从句须用that引导的情况:(1)先行词是all, much, little, none, the one等不定代词或由no, any, every构成的复合不定代词( ) 1. All _____ I’m going to do is good. A. that B. which C. what D. both A and B( ) 2. Do you know anyone _____knows about the history of the Ming Tombs?A. whichB. whomC. whoseD. when( ) 3. He told me everything ______son had seen in the factory.(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very, the right修饰时.( ) 1. All the books _______ I put on the desk are yours.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. both A and B( ) 2. This is the only book ____ I bought last year. A. which B that C. what D. who（3）先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

定语从句定语从句是初中语法中较难的一个知识点，同时也是近几年中考必考的。

一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 2. 关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。

可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。

关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。

关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。

三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分四．关系代词的用法：1. that 和whichthat指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。

定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which;关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1．作主语用who, which和that, 如：He is the man who/that lives next door.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2．作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3．作定语用whose, 如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b 句）。