2012年职称英语教材新增内容

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，阅读理解*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星 methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六 acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

2012年职称英语（理工类）教材变化最新教材内容！为使您更好的把握2012年职称英语（理工类）考试教材内容，言必行教育小编根据2011年教材与2012年教材的内容特别整理的最新教材变化表，希望对您的考试有所帮助。

一、2011、2012年职称英语（理工类）教材变化表题型2011、2012年题量2012年新增文章C级B级A级C级B级A级2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012词汇选项题量不变，一共10组词汇，每组15道小题没有新增阅读判断10篇10篇2篇2篇3篇3篇没有新增概括大意与完成句子10篇10篇2篇2篇3篇3篇没有新增阅读理解16篇16篇10篇10篇10篇10篇2篇2篇2篇补全短文10篇10篇2篇2篇3篇3篇没有新增完形填空10篇10篇2篇2篇3篇3篇2篇2篇2篇二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读理解1.第六篇：Making Light of Sleep2.第十九篇：Graphene's Superstrength3.*第三十八篇："Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan4.*第四十篇：Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety5.+第四十五篇：Small But Wise6.+第四十六篇：Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers" （二）完形填空1.第三篇：Germs on Banknotes2.第十篇：Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness6.*第十一篇：Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities7.*第十二篇：Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk11.+第十三篇：Solar Power without Solar Cells12.+第十四篇："Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage温馨提示：每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大，是考试复习的重点！。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章及解析阅读判断（2篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

2012年职称英语（综合类）考试教材新增内容（完整版）1. 词汇选项：没有变动2. 阅读判断：C级新增1篇，B级新增1篇，A级没有新增3. 概括大意与完成句子：C级新增1篇，B、A级没有新增4. 阅读理解：C级新增5篇、B级新增15篇，A级新增8篇5. 补全短文：C级新增2篇、B级新增1篇，A级没有新增6. 完形填空：C级、B级、A级各新增5篇阅读理解（8篇）+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not 逃亡+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路+第三十六篇 A Tale of scottish Rural Life（2011为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa 非洲的流行音乐+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?为什么有这么多的孩子+第三十九篇Eat To Life（2011为B级文章）为了活着吃饭+第四十篇Narrow Escape （2011为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策+第四十七篇Narrow Escape九死一生完形填空（5篇）+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；阅读理解+第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...“Can I help you？”She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you u se it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.词汇：impersonal /im'pə:sənəl/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。

2012年卫生类教材新增文章今年卫生类的新增文章还是集中在阅读理解和完形填空两部分，共增加新增文章10篇。

其中阅读理解的文章总共增加5篇，A级新增两篇，B级新增两篇，C级新增一篇；完形填空部分也是一共增加5篇，其中A级增加3篇，B级增加1篇，C级增加1篇。

1、卫生类新增文章难度变化分析1）阅读理解。

去年的卫生类的新增文章的题目是比较难的，今年整体难度并没有增加。

今年的C级的文章在难度上都没有太大的变化。

A级和B级新增文章难度要大一些，难度主要体现在：第一点阅读理解的文章比较长，段落比较少的文章其段落很长。

句子也是以长句子为主；第二点题面句子都比较长；第三点是阅读理解题目中，推断类和态度类的题目比较多，难度要大一些。

2）完形填空。

完形填空的难度变化不是很大。

其中A级的完形填空题目中的“Healt h Profile健康概貌”这篇文章的难度是C级难度。

文章段落和题目都相对比较简单一些。

所以整体而言，完形填空新增文章的题目难度有所降低，但是备考的范围增加了，因为A 级要准备3篇文章。

3、卫生类文章替换规律变化1）2012年的阅读理解和完形填空的新增文章总数都是5篇，这5篇的分布情况阅读理解是1（C）+2（B）+2（A），完型是1（C）+1（B）+3（A）的分配规律。

C级的这两种题型新增的均是1篇。

2）与去年（2011年新增文章）相比，新增文章替换数量的变化：阅读理解发生的变化是：去年A级和C级各新增1篇，B级新增两篇，比其他各个级别多新增一篇；今年整体数量上增加1篇，这一篇是A级新增，也就是今年A级比去年的新增数量多了一篇。

完型填空发生的变化是：去年完形填空Ａ级新增１篇，Ｂ级新增2篇，C级新增1篇；今年不仅是整体数量上增加了一篇，在分布上也发生了改变，今年的A级新增了3篇文章，比去年新增文章多出了两篇，而B级的新增情况是减少了一篇，今年只是新增了一篇。

整体的分析而言，不管是阅读理解和完形填空，C级文章在新增文章数量上都没有发生改变，而B级完形填空的新增文章数量均发生了变化，A级的阅读理解和完型填空在新增文章数量上都发生了变化。

2012年度职称英语卫生类新增ABC类2012年卫生类教材新增今年卫生类的新增文章还是集中在阅读理解和完形填空两部分，共增加新增文章10篇。

其中阅读理解的文章总共增加5篇，A级新增两篇，B级新增两篇，C级新增一篇；完形填空部分也是一共增加5篇，其中A级增加3篇，B级增加1篇，C级增加1篇。

1、卫生类新增文章难度变化分析1）阅读理解。

去年的卫生类的新增文章的题目是比较难的，今年整体难度并没有增加。

今年的C级的文章在难度上都没有太大的变化。

A级和B级新增文章难度要大一些，难度主要体现在：第一点阅读理解的文章比较长，段落比较少的文章其段落很长。

句子也是以长句子为主；第二点题面句子都比较长；第三点是阅读理解题目中，推断类和态度类的题目比较多，难度要大一些。

2）完形填空。

完形填空的难度变化不是很大。

其中A级的完形填空题目中的“Healt h Profile健康概貌”这篇文章的难度是C级难度。

文章段落和题目都相对比较简单一些。

所以整体而言，完形填空新增文章的题目难度有所降低，但是备考的范围增加了，因为A级要准备3篇文章。

3、卫生类文章替换规律变化1）2012年的阅读理解和完形填空的新增文章总数都是5篇，这5篇的分布情况阅读理解是1（C）+2（B）+2（A），完型是1（C）+1（B）+3（A）的分配规律。

C级的这两种题型新增的均是1篇。

2）与去年（2011年新增文章）相比，新增文章替换数量的变化：阅读理解发生的变化是：去年A级和C级各新增1篇，B级新增两篇，比其他各个级别多新增一篇；今年整体数量上增加1篇，这一篇是A级新增，也就是今年A级比去年的新增数量多了一篇。

完型填空发生的变化是：去年完形填空Ａ级新增１篇，Ｂ级新增2篇，C级新增1篇；今年不仅是整体数量上增加了一篇，在分布上也发生了改变，今年的A级新增了3篇文章，比去年新增文章多出了两篇，而B级的新增情况是减少了一篇，今年只是新增了一篇。

整体的分析而言，不管是阅读理解和完形填空，C级文章在新增文章数量上都2）卫生类今年新增文章主题大部分是和饮食、睡眠、健康、寿命等相关的健康常识和健康理念。

2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）第六篇Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化阅读理解第六篇Making Light of1 SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock，your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.词汇：circadian/s3:'keidiən/ adj. 昼夜节奏的，生理节奏的adolescent/ædəu'lesənt/ n．青少年；adj．青少年的puberty/ 'pju:bəti/ n．发育；青春期sync/siŋk/ n. （口语）同步；和谐，协调synchronize/'siŋkrənaiz / V.（使）同时发生；（使）同步注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。

词汇选项题量不变,一共 10组词汇,每组 15道小题没有新增阅读判断新增两篇概括大意与完成句子新增两篇2012年教材新增文章(一阅读判断1. 第七篇:Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.*第十一篇:Computer Mouse(二概括大意与完成句子1. 第六篇:How We Form First Impression2. 第十篇:Washoe Learned American Sign Language(三阅读理解(三阅读理解1. 第一篇:Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2. 第八篇:The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3. 第十篇:A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4. 第十一篇:The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5. 第十六篇:The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇:Eiffel Is an Eyeful(2011年教材中为 C 级文章引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔7.*第十八篇:Goal of American Education(2011年教材中为 C 级文章美国教育的目标8.*第十九篇:The Family家庭9.*第二十篇:Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇:Spacing in Animals(2011年教材中为 C 级文章动物的空间距离11.*第二十二篇:Some Things We Know about Language(2011年教材中为 C 级文章我们知道的关于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇:The Only Way Is Up(2011年教材中为 C 级文章只好向上13.*第二十四篇:Clone Farm(2011年教材中为 C 级文章克隆农场14.*第二十五篇:Income (2011年教材中为 C 级文章收入15.*第二十六篇:Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇:Importance of Services(2011年教材中为 C 级文章服务业的重要性 17.*第二十八篇:The National Park Service(2011年教材中为 C 级文章国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇:Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends(2011年教材中为 C 级文章发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们19.*第三十篇:"Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“ 幸运的” 鲁肯伯爵一是死是活 20.*第三十三篇:Oseola McCarty老妇人 Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇:To Have and Have Not逃亡22.+第三十五篇:Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇:A Tale of Scottish Rural Life(2011年教材中为 B 级文章一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇:Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇:Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇:Eat to Live(2011年教材中为 B 级文章为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇:Narrow Escape(2011年教材中为 B 级文章美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇:Narrow Escape九死一生(四补全短文1. 第九篇:Heat Is Killer2.*第十一篇:Virtual Driver(五完形填空1. 第一篇:A Life with Birds2. 第二篇:S Lucky Break3. 第三篇:Global Warming4. 第四篇:A Success Story5. 第五篇:Traffic in Our Cities6*.第六篇:Teaching and Learning7.*第七篇:The Difference between Man and Computer8.*第八篇:Look on The Bright Side9.*第九篇:The First Bicycle10.*第十篇:Working Mothers11.+第十一篇:School Lunch12.+第十二篇:A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇:The Old Gate14.+第十四篇:Family History15.+第十五篇:Helen and Martin温馨提示:每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大,是考试复习的重点!。

2012年职称英语卫生类教材新增文章篇目第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom，but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get，" says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."+第四十篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out John Hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said Hayes. "Supertasters，people who experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods，more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. "However ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese ，Hayes noted. "For example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result ，Hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color."Some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories per day than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.6______，diets don't work for most people. They do lose weight but then 7______ the dietand put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. It's a good idea to wear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.。

2012年职称英语教材新增内容D2012年职称英语教材新增内容：综合类理工类卫生类C级B级A级C级B级A级 C级 B级A级词汇选项没有新增没有新增没有新增阅读判断1篇1篇0概括大意与完成句子2篇0 0阅读理解5篇5篇5篇2篇2篇2篇 1篇 2篇2篇补全短文1篇1篇0没有新增没有新增完形填空5篇5篇5篇2篇2篇2篇 1篇 1篇3篇1、一、新教材内容变化内容及数量【职称英语三个类别（综合类、理工类、卫生类）】1．职称英语三个类别中的只有综合类阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、补全短文三个题型的文章篇目发生了改变：阅读判断更新了2篇文章，其中C级别1篇，B级别1篇；概括大意与完成句子更新了2篇，均为C级别文章；补全短文更新了2篇，其中C级别1篇，B级别1篇（较2011年相比）。

2．职称英语三个类别中的阅读理解题型文章均发生了较大变化，其中综合类文章变化最大：综合类更新15篇文章，其中每个级别更新5篇（较2011年相比）；理工类更新6篇文章，其中每个级别更新2篇（较2011年相比）；卫生类更新5篇文章，其中A级别和C级别各更新1篇文章，B级别更新3篇文章，（较2011年相比）。

3．职称英语三个类别中的完型填空文章均有变化，其中综合类文章变化最大：综合类更新15篇，其中每个级别更新5篇（较2011年相比）；理工类更新6篇文章，每个级别更新2篇文章（较2011年相比）；卫生类更新5篇文章，其中B级别和C级别各更新1篇，A级别更新3篇（较2011年相比）。

二、2012年职称英语国家指定教材较2011年职称英语教材变化主要体现在以下4个方面：1. 2012年职称英语教材较2011年教材中的文章的选材更加贴近生活，聚焦社会热点问题。

如：l (1) 综合类：The Family 家庭l (2) 理工类：Making Light of1 Sleep不要太在意睡眠l (3) 卫生类：Eat Healthy健康饮食这些话题都是来自我们平时的生活，另外一些文章是社会聚焦的热点话题和大事件，如：2、2、阅读判断。