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高考英语非谓语动词之不定式与动名词复习➢不定式的形式英译中：To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of life.He pretended to be sleeping when I came in.The old man seems to be dying.I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.➢不定式的用法A．作主语B．作宾语C．作定语D．作状语E．作补语F 唯独不可作谓语，因此称不定式为非谓语动词。
请判断下列划下划线不定式在句中的成分To see is to believe.It is sensible of you to give up smoking.The doctor’s duty is to save lives.The poor family couldn’t afford to live in a four-star hotel.He asked me to do the work with him.He was always the last one to leave the office.She’s finally made a decision to leave.I came here to see you.He didn’t know what to do with the problem.How to solve the problem is very important.【Keys】：主语/表语；主语；表语；宾语；宾语补足语；定语；定语；状语；宾语（疑问词+to do）；主语❖It 作形式主语，常用结构如下：☞It is + adj. + of/ for sb. + to do sth.☞It is + n. + to do sth. (an honor to make a speak/ a pleasure to see you)☞It takes sb. + 时间段 + to do sth.☞How + adj. + it is + to do sth.! 感叹句How relaxing it is to bathe in the sun on the sands!在沙滩上沐浴阳光多令人放松啊！❖The only, 序数词 the first, the second, 顺序词 the last, the next, 形容词最高级修饰的名词后用不定式作定语。
第01讲动词不定式目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (3)【基础详单】 (3)知识点1 不定式的概念及特点 (4)知识点2 不定式的时态和语态 (4)考点一不定式的句法功能 (4)知识点1 作主语 (4)知识点2 作宾语 (5)知识点3 作补语 (6)知识点4 作表语 (7)知识点5 作定语 (8)知识点6 作状语 (9)考点二不定式的特殊用法 (11)知识点1 疑问词+不定式 (11)知识点2 不定式的省略 (12)知识点3 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义 (12)04 真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (13)2.命题演练 (14)三年真题考点分布【基础详单】知识点1 不定式的概念及特点非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但保留动词的某些特征的动词形式。
包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三类，它们没有人称和数的变化，但根据发生的时间、状态及主被动关系有形式上的变化，还可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式的基本构成形式：“to+动词原形”。
知识点2 不定式的时态和语态考点一不定式的句法功能知识点1 作主语【名师提醒】 1.不定式作主语时，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数形式。
2. “赞扬，责备”的形容词通常用of sb作逻辑主语：wrong, right, kind, nice, brave, careful, careless, greedy, honest, lazy, modest, selfish, thoughtful, impolite, polite, clever, foolish, silly, stupid, cruel, rude, generous，considerable等。
3. 以下形容词通常用for sb作逻辑主语：easy, hard, difficult, important, necessary, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, unusual, wonderful等用for sb作逻辑主语。
高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法精讲不定式1．作主语不定式作主语常见的是it 作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。
It’s easy to be wise afterthe event.Itis right to give up smoking.2．作宾语I find it interesting to study history.1.直接作宾语句型：动词（vt）+ to do解读：直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。
这时句子有以下两个特点：第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。
第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。
经典例句：1)Nobodywants to be laughed at.2)Thiscompany refused to cooperate with us.经典例题：1.I don't want ____like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan isunfair. (2005天津卷)A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded2.I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______talking while she works. (2006北京卷)A.working ; stoppingB. to work ; stoppingC.working ; to stopD. towork ; to stop3.As a young man , I hate______________ in public.ughed atB. to be laughed atC. to laugh atughing at2.句型：某些及物动词+连词+to do解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who , which）或连接副词（how, when, where）及连词whether 后面接一个带to 的动词不定式作宾语。
非谓语动词作状语高考对非谓语动词作状语的考查多与对动词其他形式的考查同时进行主要包括以下几个方面的内容：1．不定式作状语；2．-ing分词作状语；3．-ed分词作状语。
一、不定式结构作状语不定式结构作状语通常有以下几种情况：1、目的状语（分词一般不能作目的状语）He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly .To catch the train ,she hurried through her work注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用，构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early.= In order to get there in time, we got up very early.= We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.2、原因状语不定式结构作原因状语常用在作表语用的形容词后。
I’m sorry to hear that .We’re proud to b e young people of China .We are glad to hear the news．3、结果状语不定式结构作结果状语，有时表示未曾预料到的、或令人不快的结果。
（常和only连用）。
He ran all the way to the station ,only to find the train had left .★而现在分词作结果状语常常是可以预料的结果，是伴随谓语动词而产生的自然结果The police opened fire ,killing the robber .He died ,leaving his wife with five children .4. 有时，不定式还可修饰一个句子，表明说话人的态度。
高中英语语法专题复习03 非谓语动词（不定式、动名词&现在分词、过去分词）非谓语动词谓语动词在句子中有三种作用：1. 表示动作的时间，tense (时)2. 表示动作的状态，aspect (体)3. 表示动作的语气，mood (气)谓语动词的“时体气”，通过动词变位实现。
例如，The rabbit ate a carrot.The rabbit is eating a carrot.The rabbit has eaten a carrot.谓语动词在句子中受到主语的限制，随之出现了时态和人称的变化，成为一种被限定了的动词，所以也被称为限定性动词(finite verb)。
与之相对的，不受主语限制的动词，称为非限定性动词(non-finite verb)，也就是非谓语动词。
非谓语动词不具备表达时态和人称的作用。
例如，I like to eat carrot.I liked eating carrot.The rabbit likes minced carrot.非谓语动词有四种形式：1. 不定式 infinitive2. 动名词 gerund3. 现在分词 present participle4. 过去分词 past participle谓语动词是简单句的核心动词，非谓语动词只可能出现在其他的句子成分中。
1. 主语例：Swimming makes us hale and hearty.2. 宾语例：Janet suddenly stopped talking.3. 表语/主语补语例：Her wish is to become a doctor in the future.4. 宾语补语例：I invited him to come here.5. 定语例：Don't disturb the sleeping dog.6. 状语例：He went to the supermarket to buy a pen.不定式、动名词句子的核心动词只能由谓语动词充当，而非谓语动词可以充当句子的其他成分。
非谓语动词【不定式】非谓语动词【不定式】一不定式的作用二不定式的逻辑主语三不定式的时态和语态四省去to 的不定式三种非谓语动词形式，即不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、分词（现在分词d oing &过去分词done）一不定式的作用1. 作主语（It + to do）不定式作句子主语的情况非常常见，通常有两种结构：（1）不定式t o do 直接放在句首的主语位置例：To l ove f or t he s ake o f b eing l oved i s h uman,but t o l ove f or t he s ake o f l oving i s a ngelic.因为被爱而爱，是人之常情；因为爱而爱，则难能可贵。
（2）不定式t o do 放在句末，而用i t 作形式主语指代句末的不定式这种情况下，又有不同结构，如①“It is +形容词+ to do”结构（此处的形式主语不能用t his 或t hat 来替换）Itis possible to give without loving,but it is impossible to love without giving.我们可以付出而不爱，但不可能爱而不付出。
②其他结构，如It takes time and efforts to master English.It is my duty to help you with English.2. 做宾语（动词+ to do）不定式作句子宾语，通常有三种可能的结构：（1）动词+ to do（句子主语和不定式逻辑主语一致）Ihope to see you again.（2）动词+疑问词+ t o d o在一些动词后，可以在连接代词（what ,which,who）或连接副词（how,when,where）及连词whether 后面接一个带t o 的不定式，可将该结构看成是连接词引导的宾语从句的简略形式。
非谓语动词之不定式专项练习【有答案】【热身练习】1.Sandy could do nothing but ____________(admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.2.With a lot of difficult problems __________(settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time.3.She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role___________(play) in making the earth a better place to live.4.I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything_______(buy)?5.The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, not ___________(make) it more difficult.6.____________(improve) the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow hem to have a coffee break.7.China has promised to revise its existing regulations____________(form) new policies according to WTO requirements.8.____________(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply system thoroughly.9.Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people has been forced_________ (leave) their homes.10.Edison was the first scientist ____________(build) a modern research and development centre.11.____________(accept) as an Olympic event, a sport must be played in at least 75 countries on at least 4 continents.12.Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars____________(work) asa carpenter before.13.People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet____________(satisfy) their nutritional needs.14.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____________(tell) everything.15.I feel it is your husband who is ____________(blame) for the spoiled child.16.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ____________(make) their products more competitive.17.Quite a few people used to believe that disaster was sure____________(strike) if a mirror was broken.18.An Amy spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had beenordered____________(issue) clear warnings before firing any shots.19.The flu is believed ____________(cause) by viruses that like to produce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.20.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hoursjust____________(have) a look at the sports stars.21.The mother felt herself ____________(grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.22.Energy drinks are not allowed ____________(make) in Australia and are brought in from New Zealand.23.There is nothing more I can try_____________(persuade) you to stay, so I wish you good luck.24.If there’s a lot of work____________(do), I’m happy to just keep on until it is finished.25.David threatened ____________(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.【强化练习】Exercise 11.___________(stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.2.I stopped the car____________(take) a short break as I was feeling tired.3. Let those in need____________(understand) that we will go all out to help them.4. The airport___________(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.5. They might just have a place_____________(leave) on the writing course-why don't you give it a try?6. The engine just won't start. Something seems__________(go) wrong with it.7. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy_________(watch) anything that happened to be on.8. I remembered_____________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.9. We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision_____________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.10. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but___________(meet) an even greater challenge.11. George returned after the war, only_________(tell) that his wife had left him.12. We've had a good start, but next, more work needs______________(do) to achieve the final success.13. Having finished her project, she was invited by the school____________(speak) to the new students.14. This machine is very easy____________(operate). Anybody can learn to use it ina few minutes.15. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only__________(find) his plane high up in the sky.16. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it'sbetter__________(remain) silent.17. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularlyor___________(quit) his job.18. Passengers are permitted_____________(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.19. It's important for the figures______________(update) regularly.20. Simon made a big bamboo box_____________(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly.21. More TV programs, according to government to officials, will beproduced___________(raise) people's concern over food safety.22. If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around thecity_____________(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.23. The ability____________(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.24. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier__________(break) into small pieces.25. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_____________(hold).26. With Father's Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of thebank____________(buy) presents for my dad.27. There were many talented actors out there just waiting__________(discover).28. We were astonished_____________(find) the temple still in its original condition.29.I have a lot of readings______________(complete) before the end of this term.30. His first book___________(publish) next month is bused on a true story.31. In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, ispleasant____________(deal) with.32. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one___________(repair) first is the library.33. The play_____________(produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.34. All of them try to use the power of the workstation______________(present) information in a more effective way.35. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier forit_________(reuse).36. The children all turned_______________(look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom37. We are invited to a party___________(hold) in our club next Friday.38. David threatened_______________(report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.39.______________(compete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.40. With the world changing fast, we have something new___________(deal) with all by ourselves everyday.41. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers.almost three times the number hired last year,_____________(help) reduce unemployment pressures.42. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good___________(breathe)43. -- Did the book give the information you needed?Yes. But____________(find) it,I had to read the entire book.44. I feel greatly honored____________(welcome) into their society.45. If there's a lot of work____________(do). I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.46._______________(complete) the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day.47. My English teacher's humor was such as____________(make) every student burst into laughter.48. I hear they've promoted Tom, but he didn't mention___________(promote) when we talked on the phone.49. I got to the office early that day___________(catch) the 7: 30 train from Paddington.50. The message is very important, so it is supposed______________(send) as soon as possible.51. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is sogood_______________(breathe)52.---It's a long time since I saw my sister.一Why____________(visit) her this weekend?53. — The last one__________(arrive) pays the meal.----Agreed!54.— Excuse me sir, where is Room 301?---Just a minute. I'll have Bob_________(show) you to your room.55. My parents have always made me_________(feel) well about myself, even when I was twelve.56. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there__________(train) for a space flight.57.______________(ensure) the safety of gas, the government has checked the city's gas supply system thoroughly.58.The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle_________(hear).59. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported__________(break) the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.60.____________(improve) the employees' working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.61. The Chinese are proud of the 24h Winter Olympic Games_____________(hold) in China in 2022.62. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature andillness____________(make).63.____________(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.64. AIDS is said____________(be) the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.65. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting_________(use).66.______________(make) this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.67. It remains___________(see) whether Jim'll be fit enough to play in the finals.68. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one______________(blame).69. He hurried to the station only________________(find) that the train had left.70. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest____________(follow) in a year.71.- -Is Bob still performing?--I'm afraid not. He is said__________(leave) the stage already as he has become an official.72. I think you'll grow__________(like) him when you know him better.73. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but itremains_________(see) whether they will enjoy it74. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hoursjust____________(have) a look at the sports stars.75.______________(find) out more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789.76. I don't want____________(sound) like I'm speaking of anybody, but the manager's plan is unfair.77. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as_________(receive) in time for Christmas.78. Helen had to shout____________(make) herself heard above the sound of the music.79. You were silly not_________(lock) your car.80. I don't know whether you happen___________(hear), but I'm going to study in the USA this September.81. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only________(tell) the film stars had left.82. I'm hungry. Get me something______________(eat).83. There isn't any difference between the two. I really don't knowwhich__________(choose).84. The teacher told them_____________(make) so much noise.85. The workers want us___________(work) together with them.86. Our headmaster often told us______________(take) things for granted.87"Have you decided when_____________(leave)?""Yes, tomorrow morning.88. Tell him not__________(shut) the window.89. Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he wasmade___________(cry) by his little sister.90. They knew her very well. They had seen her_________(grow) up from childhood.91. Go on___________(do) the other exercise after you have finished this one.92. She pretended__________(not see) me when I passed by.93. She reached the top of the hill and stopped______________(rest) on a big rock by the side of the path.94. John was made____________(wash) the truck for a week as a punishment.95. Little in should dove___________(take) to the theatre this evening.96. Charles Babbage is generally considered____________(invent) the first computer.97. Paul doesn't have to be made_________(learn). He always works hard.98. We agreed_________(meet) he but so far she hasn't turned up yet.99. The patient was warned(not eat) oily food after the operation100. I would love_________(go) to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.Exercise 21. Some organizations work with government agencies to save and_________ (decrease) the numbers of threatened or endangered species.2. After a careful discussion, the two parties have made a rough plan but the details are___________(work) out later.3. In his attempt___________(climb) the mountain. John fell and injured his backbone, which cost him the use of his legs.4. Independent learning give you the freedom__________(tailor) your learning to your demanding lifestyle.5. At an Expo-themed Forum in Shanghai's Yangpu District, Governments were also urged___________(do) a good job in protecting local old buildings and culture while pursuing social and economic development.6. It is generally accepted that Chinese were the earliest__________(play) football while the Europeans established the modern rules for football.7. If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades_________(come), water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world.8. I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man_________(buy) these donation draw tickets from you.9.___________(calm) customers, the Hong Kong company said the amount of the chemical in the shampoo products wouldn't harm people's health.10. You will know what it is like_________(spend) most of your time listening to dull reports in a meeting room.11. The children in Sichuan look forward with hope __________(get) a chance to receive further education in their rebuilt hometown.12. We need to find out all possible ways ____________(reduce) the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.13.__________(continue) next time! In the meantime, e-mail your particular application questions to our college e-mail address.14. I felt very happy_________(admit) into the Bird's Nest to watch the performances that Jackie Chan hosted.15. Schools across China are expected to hire 50, 000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,___________(help) reduce unemployment pressures.16._______________(extinguish) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguisher have been invented.17. Around 15, 000 officials gathered in Copenhagen, trying to map out an effective strategy_____________(win) the battle against climate change.18. For the last two mornings, thousands of campaigners have queued for hours______________(gain) access to the conference venue (地点) -many unsuccessfully.19. Emily had the florist__________(deliver) the bouquet directly to the church wherethe wedding would be held.20. The witness claimed___________ (see) a man outside the house, but he was not sure whether this was the man.21. Is this the best way you thought of___________(stop) people getting into the dangerous areas?22. Mr. Green is said____________(do) the experiment which led to the new discovery in medicine.23. I have heard both teachers and students____________(speak) well of him.24. Spread of 2009 HINI virus is thought______________(occur) in the same way that seasonal flu spreads.25. Hearing Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo eventually won a gold medal after over ten years' hard work, I cannot but__________(admire) their courage and perseverance.26. The customers objected_________(treat) unfairly in the course of shopping.27. At least 200, 000 people were reported ___________(kill) in the ever recorded worst earthquake that struck Haiti last winter.28. Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary___________(publish) next year.29.___________(find) out more about Participant Service of Expo 2010, Shanghai China, call Hotline +86-21-962010.30.____________(accommodate) the growing number of patients, the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.31. Ted and his friends established a website offering useful information about thunderstorms__________(prevent) similar accidents happening.32. ______________(improve) his ability of speech, he has made use of each chance.33.Kathryn Bigelow, director of The Hurt Locker, was the first female ________(win) the best director Oscar.34. The 2022 Winter Olympie Giames____________(hold) in China is expected to attract more than thousands of hundreds of visitors from home and abroad.35.To our surprise, that top students in our class failed_____________(obtain) a scholarship.36. The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly___________(notice).37. We cannot help but ___________(wonder) what unknown greatness human beings have has not yet been discovered.38. On my way back to the hotel last might, I lost my way in the complete darkness and__________(make) things worse, it began to pour.39. A high-tech park is announced_________(build) in this area, but I don't know when the project will be put into practice.40. After the Arab states won their independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys__________(encourage).41. Mr. Crossett was made___________(give) up his experiment because of his poor health and old age.42. The project__________(accomplish) by the end of 2011, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 2, 000, 000 users.43. Qatar will be the first country in the Middle East________(host) the World Cup.44.___________(become) a successful fish scientist, you need to have a curious mind and be able to work on your own.45. To a high school student, going to university means a new leaf_______(turn) before him and being independent is the starting point.46. After a day's tiring work, the manager prefers taking a walk along the riverbank___________(refresh)himself.47. Passengers on board aren't allowed___________(make) or receive calls during take-off.48. It took a long time for the human responsibility___________(build) on environment issues.49. If you "Look the other way" while something bad is happening, that means you choose______________(ignore) that thing.50.-- Will the plan____________(promote) the libraries nationally be carried out in the coming year?--It all depends, I suppose.51. About ten Chinese students were reported___________(kill) in the earthquake in New Zealand.52. -- What's the assignment today, Professor Smith?--You're supposed_________(finish) Chapter Two and give your comment on it tomorrow.53. The primary purpose of education is not to teach you to earn your bread,but_________(make) every mouthful sweeter.54. A number of art works are believed____________(steal) during World War II.55. Believe it or not, crying is a way you can imagine___________(relieve) pressure.56. He was, after all, the General Manager and did not appreciate beingmade_________(feel) like an ignorant schoolboy.57. Bill Gates, together with many famous businessmen, decided to devote a great part of his time and energy to58. Having mastered the technologies of manned spacecraft, China became the third country in the world_____________(develop) manned spaceflight independently.59. In making a speech, the number of listeners is also an importantfactor_____________(consider).60. Rather than_________(allow) the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.61. With Father's Day around the corner. I have taken some money out of thebank_________(bay) presents for my dad.62. A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need____________(make).63. Many farmers in the countryside have gone to cities to look for work and left their children behind_________(raise) by their grandparents.64.____________(prevent) global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Mexico last year.65. I have tried everything I can__________(persuade) him to stay, but without success, so 1 wish him good luck.66. Having lived all by herself for many years. the old lady is sometimes very difficult_____________(get) along with.67. Obama claimed that the rise of China could be a big threat and the worldneeds_________(reshape).68. The first black president of the United States of America, Barack Obama, won the election in the end, but it remains, of course,____________(see) whether he can overcome the present difficulties.69. You should allow two weeks for your visa application___________(process).70. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people_____________(wash) their hands with soap and water.71. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but ___________(enjoy) the flowing of the clouds around me.72. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. Sheseemed___________(prepare) for it pretty well73. Studies show that daydreaming contributes significantly to concentration powers and the ability_____________(communicate) with others.74. The plan___________(accomplish) by 2015 will expand the city's telephone network to cover as many users as possible.75. Who would you rather have___________(write) the report instead of you?76. Advertisements have become part of our everyday life and so it's important that everyone of us___________(educate) ourselves about them to avoid being fooled by them.77. Although parents seem____________(give) good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with life's difficulties.78. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could to___________(promote) his oral English before going abroad.79. The flu is believed____________(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.80. The "magical apple", which we wish not to be the last one___________(fascinate) us, has inspired the imagination and passion of millions of people.81. The queen bee appears_____________(nurse) well in the comb built by the diligent worker bees.。
