Application of α-amylase and Research
α-amylase to be widely distributed throughout microorganisms to higher plants. The International Enzyme classification number is EC. 3.2.1.1, acting on the starch from the starch molecules within the random cut α a 1,4 glycosidic bond to produce dextrin and reducing sugar, because the end product of carbon residues as Α configuration configuration, it is called α-amylase. Now refers to α-amylase were cut from the starch molecules within the α-1,4 glycosidic bond from the liquefaction of a class of enzymes.
α-amylase is an important enzyme, a large number of used food processing, food industry, brewing, fermentation, textile industry and pharmaceutical industries, which account for the enzyme about 25% market share. Currently, both industrial production to large-scale production by fermentation α-amylase. α-amylase in industrial applications
1.1 The bread baking industry, as a preservative enzymes used in baking industry, production of high quality products have been hundreds of years old. In recent decades, malt and microbial α-amylase, α-amylase is widely used in baking industry. The enzymes used for making bread, so that these products are much larger, better colors, more soft particles.
Even today, baking industry have been α-amylase from barley malt and bacterial, fungal leaf extract. Since 1955 and after 1963 in the UK GRAS level validation, fungal amylase, has served as a bread additive. Now, they are used in different areas. Modern continuous baking process, add in f lour α-amylase can not only increase the fermentation rate and reduce dough viscosity (improving product volume and texture) to increase the sugar content in the dough, improved bread texture, skin color and baking quality, but also to extend the preservation time for baked goods. In the storage process, the bread particles become dry, hard, not crisp skin, resulting in deterioration of the taste of bread. These changes collectively referred to as degenerate. Each year simply because the losses caused by deterioration of bread more than 100 million U.S. dollars. A variety of traditional food additives are used to prevent deterioration and improve the texture and taste of baked goods. Recently, people started to pay attention enzyme as a preservative, preservative agent in improving the role of the dough, as amylopectin, amylase enzyme and a match can be effectively used as a preservative. However, excessive amylase causes a sticky bread too. Therefore, the recent trend is the use of temperature stability (ITS) α a amylase activity are high in starch liquefaction, but the baking process is completed before the inactivation. Despite the large number of microbes have been found to produce α-amylase, but with the temperature stability of the nature of the α-amylase only been found in several microorganisms.
1.2 starch liquefaction and saccharification of the main α-amylase starch hydrolysis product market, such as glucose and fructose. Starch is converted into high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Because of their high sweetness, are used in the soft drink beverage industry sweeteners. The liquefaction process is used in thermal stability at high temperature α-amylase. α-amylase in starch liquefaction of
