纺织英语第三版课文翻译Lesson Twelve-Yarns

Lesson Two Cotton Properties and UsesA relatively high level of moisture absorption and good wicking properties help make cotton one of the more comfortable fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, cotton has a high attraction for water. As water enters the fiber, cotton swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. The high affinity for moisture and the ability to swell when wet allow cotton to absorb about one-fourth of its weight in water. This means that in hot weather perspiration from the body will be absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the yarns to the outer surface of the cloth and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will be aided in maintaining its temperature.相对较好的吸湿性和良好的芯吸性使棉纤维成为最舒适的纤维之一。

因为纤维素的羟基基团，使得棉花对水有很强的吸引力。

当水进入纤维棉，棉开始膨胀，其截面变得更圆。

这种高度的亲水性和潮湿时溶胀的性能使棉花可吸水达到其重量的1/4左右。

纺织英语第三版1~19课课后单词总结# 泛读Lesson One Cotton Growing棉纤维的性能和用途cotton [ 'kɒtn ]棉fiber [ 'faibə ]纤维stem [ stem ]起源于textile [ 'tekˌstail ]纺织yarn [jɑ:n] 纱线wool [ wul ]羊毛linen [ 'linən ]亚麻（布）spin（spun，spun）[ spin ]纺纱；纺丝flax [ flæks ]亚麻（纤维）staple [ 'steipl ]短纤维gin [ dʒin ]轧花机sprout [ spraut发芽blossom [ 'blɒsəm ]花pod [ pɒd ]豆荚picking [ 'pikiŋ ]采摘convolution [ ˌkɒnvə'l∫n]扭曲spun yarn 短纤维纱线lumen ['lu:men]腔cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]表皮primary wall [ 'praiˌmeri, 'praiməri ] 初生胞壁secondary wall 次生胞壁第二课Lesson Two Cotton Properties and Uses棉的性能和使用Wicking ['wɪkɪŋ]芯吸water-borne stains 水基污染Hydroxyl groups [haɪ'drɒksɪl] [ɡru:ps]羟基colorant [ˈkʌlərənt]颜料，染料Cellulose [ˈseljuləʊs]纤维素hydrogen bond [ˈhaɪdrədʒən] [bɒnd氢键Fabric [ˈfæbrɪk]织物stress 应力Hydrophilic [ˌhaɪdrə'fɪlɪk]亲水的iron [ˈaɪən]熨烫Hydrophobic [ˌhaɪdrə'fəʊbɪk]疏水的moderately [ˈmɒdərətli]中等的Susceptible [səˈseptəbl]敏感的polyester [ˌpɒlɪ'estə(r)]涤纶Organic solvent 有机溶剂homey 家庭般的Mold 霉菌mainstay [ˈmeɪnsteɪ]主要力量Fungus 真菌no-iron 免烫Prominent 突出的，显著地pillowcase枕套Mildew 发霉crisp 挺爽Degradation 降解smother 窒息Gas dryer 煤气烘干机stuff 闷热的，窒息的Impart 给予interstice 空隙Flexibility 挠性canvas gear 帆布用具Apparel 服装supplant 取代，替代Home furnishings 家居装饰cord 绳索Recreational 休闲的twine 细绳Pliable 柔顺的lash 捆绑Garment 服装bale 大包Shrink-resistant finish 防缩整理Blending 混纺# 泛Lesson Three Properties of the Naturally Colored Cottons 天然彩棉的性质disposal [ di'spəuzl ]处理，排放drainage [ 'dreinidʒ ]污水mercerize ['mɜ:səraɪz]丝光处理pesticide [ 'pestiˌsaid ]杀虫剂weed killer [wi:d]除草剂deposit [ di'pɒzit ]存留，囤积organic fertilizer [ɔ:ˈgænɪk] [ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)]有机肥environmentally friendly 环境友好地breed 育种，品种color intensity [ in'tensəti ]颜色强度plantation [ plæn'tei∫n ]农场lignin [ 'lignin ]木质素pectin [ 'pektin ]果胶hydrophobic [ ˌhaidrə'fəubik]疏水的deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]损害hue [hju:]色彩# 泛Lesson Four Wool 羊毛antiquity [ æn'tikwəti ]古代felt [ felt ]毡，制毡prehistoric [ ˌpr hi'st rik]史前的weave [wi:v]机织，织造；做名woolen goods 粗纺毛织物scouring [ skaur ]洗毛merino sheep [məˈri:nəʊ]美利奴羊worsted fabric [ˈwʊstɪd]精纺毛织物wavy [ 'weivi ]卷曲的inoculate [ i'nɒkjəˌleit ]给接种，给注射rangeland [ 'reindʒˌlænd ]放牧场fleece [fli:s]套毛clip wool [ klip ]套毛pulled wool [ pul ]皮板毛depilatory [dɪˈpɪlətri]脱毛剂preliminary grading [ˈgreɪdɪŋ]预分等，初级分等mill [mɪl]纺织厂decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz]分解mineral acid [ˈmɪnərəl]无机酸Lesson Five Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛的结构和性能microscopic 显微镜的commmendable值得赞扬的scale 鳞片regain恢复magnification 放大倍数crushing挤压horny角状的durable crease耐久皱褶cuticle角质层Pleat皱褶打褶cortex角质皮质cross- linkage交键cortical cell角质细胞皮质细胞poiymer高聚物medulla毛髓loft蓬松的高雅的authoraty权威机构上级机关moisture regain回潮率pigment颜料染料covering power覆盖系数micron微米desportion水分释放kemp死毛hygroscopic吸湿的elliptical椭圆形的finish织物的整理oval卵形的椭圆形的interfacial界面的felting毡化silky像蚕丝一样的yellowish-white稍微发黄的白色# 精Lesson Six Silk 丝sericulture ['serɪˌkʌltʃə]养蚕业，蚕丝业AD 公元silkworm [ˈsɪlkwɜ:m]蚕reeling ['ri:lɪŋ]缫丝，络丝cocoon [kəˈku:n]蚕茧prestige [pre'sti:ʒ]声望；名声luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]华贵的queen of fiber 纤维皇后denier [ˈdeniə(r)]旦尼尔specific gravity 相对密度moth [mɒθ] 蛾metal salts [ˈmetl]金属盐；无机盐sputter [ˈspʌtə(r)]噼啪爆响cellulosic fiber [seljʊ'ləʊsɪk] 纤维素纤维solubility [ˌsɒljʊ'bɪlətɪ] 溶解性ammonia [əˈməʊniə] 氨水concentration [ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn] 浓度fibroin ['faɪbrəʊɪn]丝心蛋白keratin [ˈkerətɪn]角蛋白scroop [skru:p]丝鸣# 精Lesson seven Flax亚麻bast fiber [bæst]韧皮纤维woody [ˈwʊdi]木质的phloem [ˈfləʊem]韧皮stalk [stɔ:k]茎stem [stem]茎，针杆temperate [ˈtempərət]温和的intact [ɪnˈtækt]未经触动的rip [rɪp]剥boll [bəʊl]植物的铃rot 腐烂retting ['retɪŋ]沤麻dew retting [dju:]露水沤麻pool retting 池塘沤麻sheaves [ʃi:vz] sheaf的复数形式捆，束stagnant [ˈstægnənt]不流动的，污浊的bacteria[bækˈtɪəriə] bacterium的复数形式细菌tank retting 池浸沤麻sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium carbonate [ˈsəʊdiəm [ˈkɑ:bəneɪt]碳酸钠dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸fluted roller 沟槽罗拉scutch [skɒtʃ]打麻hackle ['hækl]梳麻comb [kəʊm] 梳理（精梳）tow [təʊ] 短纤维，短麻，落纤line [laɪn]长纤维，长麻sliver [ˈslɪvə(r)] 条子，棉条，毛条，纤维条carding ['kɑ:dɪŋ]梳理（粗梳）choice fiber 上等纤维sheen [ʃi:n] 光彩，光泽resin finish [ˈrezɪn]树脂整理easy care [ʃi:n]免烫，洗可穿serviceability [sɜ:vɪsə'bɪlɪtɪ]耐用性能wicking property 芯吸效应discoloration [disˌkʌləˈreiʃən]脱色beetling finish ['bi:tlɪŋ]捶布整理laundry aids [ˈlɔ:ndri] 洗涤剂aging 老化durable-press 耐久压烫，耐久定形，免烫整理，DP整理# 泛Lesson Eight Other Bast Fibers其他韧皮纤维jute [dʒu:t]黄麻burlap [ˈbɜ:læp]粗麻布hessian [ 'he∫n ]打包麻布grayish color [ˈgreɪɪʃ]泛灰的颜色fibrous [ˈfaɪbrəs]纤维状的gummy [ 'gʌmi ]黏稠的beige [ beiʒ ]米色microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm]微生物bagging ['bægɪŋ]打包布，马岱布carpet backing [ˈkɑ:pɪt]地毯底布，地毯背衬taping [teɪpɪŋ] 贴边linoleum [lɪˈnəʊliəm]漆布olefine ['əʊləfɪn]烯烃labor-intensive [ˈleibəinˈtensiv]劳动密集型ramie ['ræmɪ] 苎麻nettle [ˈnetl]荨麻family [ˈfæməli]（植物的）科，类perennial [pəˈreniəl]多年生的shrub [ʃrʌb] 灌木necessitate 需要degum [nəˈsesɪteɪt]脱胶pectin [ˈpektɪn]果胶neutralize [ˈnju:trəlaɪz]中和crystallinity [,kristə'linəti]结晶度accessibility [əkˌsesə'bɪlətɪ]可及杜nonfibrous [nɒn'ferəs]非纤维状的hemp [hemp]大麻deplete [dɪˈpli:t]耗尽nutrient [ˈnju:triənt]营养的，营养品stripping 搏麻drawing [ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ]牵伸cordage ['kɔ:dɪdʒ]绳索sacking [ˈsækɪŋ]麻第九课Lesson Nine Rayon 人造丝Rayon黏胶，人造纤维Degree of polymerization聚合度Degree of crystallinity结晶度Infrared spectrum红外光谱Native cellulose天然纤维Regenerated cellulose再生纤维素Mechanism机理Morphologically形态方面的Contaminant污染物Pulp浆粕Molecular orientation分子取向Viscose黏胶Mode方式Amorphous area非结晶区Dyeability染色性能Striation条纹Delustered消光的Bilobal双叶形的High wet-modulus高湿模量Off round偏离圆形Cuprammonium rayon铜氨人造丝Surgical外科用Wipe擦试用品Limp松软Textured yarn变形纱Acrylic腈纶Reactant反应物Starch淀粉Softener柔软剂Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Peroxide bleach过氧化物漂白剂Dyestuff 染料第十课Lesson Ten Polyester Fibers聚酯纤维DuPont 杜邦公司polyamide 聚酰胺纤维ICI（Imperial Chemical Industries Limited）英国帝国化学工业公司Dacron 大可纶drawing process 牵伸过程heat stabilization 热定型static electric charge 静电accentuate 强调，突出heat-set 热定形pilling 起球protective clothing 防护服fire hose 消防水管tire cord 轮胎帘子布per-capita 人均implant 移植allergenic 过敏的drip-dried 滴水晾干11课Lesson Eleven Fiber Identification纤维鉴定Qualitative identification 定性鉴别staining 沾污，沾色Tentativeiy 试验性地refractive index 折射率Verify 证实index of birefringence 双折射率Unravel 拆散X-ray diffraction machine X光衍射仪Forceps 镊子infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计Residue 残渣chromatograph 色谱仪Fluffy 毛茸茸的polarizing microscope 偏振光显微镜Photomicrograph 显微镜照片12课Lesson Twelve Yarns 纱Align 排成一排Roving 粗纱Assembly 集合体Plied yarn 合股线Cable 粗绳索Hawser 缆Forefinger 食指Medieval 中世纪的Untwist 退捻Curl 卷曲Kink 扭结Weaver 织布工人，织造工作者Middle age 中世纪Yarn number 纱线细度Yarn count 纱线支数，纱线线密度Nomenclature 名称术语Hank 纱绞Spun-silk 绢丝Yarn size 纱线支数，纱线细度Tex 特克斯Lesson Thirteen Relationship between Yarn Structure and Fabric Performance 纱线结构和性能间的关系crimp 英[krɪmp] 卷曲scatter 英['skætə(r)] 消散Overtwist英['əʊvətwɪst]强捻ridge 英[rɪdʒ]凸棱concomitant英[kən'kɒmɪt(ə)nt]伴随的bulk 英[bʌlk]蓬松的tweed 英[twiːd]粗花呢jacket 英['dʒækɪt]夹克bulky 英['bʌlkɪ] 粗大的，肥壮的blouse 英['blaʊz] 女衬衫，罩衫barrier英['bærɪə]阻挡层sultry 英['sʌltrɪ] 闷热的clammy英['klæmɪ黏糊糊的hairiness ['hɛrɪnɪs] 毛羽shed soil 英[ʃed sɒɪl阻挡尘土snag 英[snæg] 钩丝unsightly 英[ʌn'saɪtlɪ]不雅观的texture 英['tekstʃ质地slick英[slɪk] 滑溜溜的fuzzy 英['fʌzɪ] 毛茸茸的pajamas 英[pə'dʒɑːməz] 睡衣Acetate fiber 英['æsɪteɪt 'faɪbɚ]醋酯纤维satin 英['sætɪn]经面缎纹highlight 英['haɪlaɪt重点突出lining英['laɪnɪŋ]衣服衬里disrobe 英[dɪs'rəʊb]脱衣diffuse英[dɪ'fjuːz] 扩散，漫射第十四课Lesson Fourteen Staple Fiber Spinning(1)短纤维纺纱opening 开松cleaning 除杂carton 纸板箱opener 开棉机，开松机blender 混棉机，混合机intermittent system 间歇式纺纱系统spike 置凸钉apron 皮圈，皮板输送带lattice 输送帘子hopper 料斗，棉箱conveyor belt 传送带picking unit 清棉装置picker 清棉机forced air 高压气流picker lap 清棉棉卷card unit 梳理机构ring-spun yarn 环锭纱tuft 簇，团carding frame 梳棉机，梳理机drawing frame 并条机wire card 钢丝梳棉机granular card 无盖板梳棉机，微粒梳棉机card clothing 针布wire flat 盖板tease 梳理cylinder 锡林，滚筒doff 落卷，落筒can 条筒combed yarn 精梳机carded 粗梳机breaker-drawing 头道并条15课Lesson Fifteen Staple Fiber Spinning(2) Roller 罗拉roving frame 粗纱机Lapper 成网机，成网机构attenuate 使变细Comber 精梳机bobbin筒管Finisher-drawing 末道并条spinning frame 细纱机Assemblage 集合体ring spinning 环锭纺纱Draft 牵伸spindle 锭子Traveler 钢丝圈single 单纱Ring 钢领，环状，环形物# 泛Lesson Sixteen Textured Yarn膨松纱slippery [ˈslɪpəri]滑溜溜的（但没有弹性）full 丰满的handle [ˈhændl]手感linear density [ˈlɪniə(r)] [ˈdensəti]线密度extensibility [ɪksˌtensə'bɪlɪtɪ]伸展性bending stiffness ['bendɪŋ] [stɪfnəs]弯曲刚度disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn]布置thermosetting ['θɜ:məʊˌsetɪŋ]热定型kont-free 无结complement [ˈkɒmplɪment]补充cover factor 覆盖系数offset [ˈɒfset]抵消stretch yarn 弹力丝，弹力纱false twist [fɔ:ls] [twɪst]假捻bulked yarn [bʌlk]膨体纱carpet [ˈkɑ:pɪt] 地毯，毛毯hosiery [ˈhəʊziəri]针织品，袜类stuffer-box 填塞箱air-jet 气流Lesson Seventeen Open-end Spinning自由端纺纱open-end spinning自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱warping ['wɔ:pɪŋ]整经synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm] 同义词fiber migration纤维迁移break spinning 自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱technique 差异染色技术rotor spinning 转杯纺纱spinning 涡流纺纱sieve 筛网wash-and-wear 洗可穿rotor 纺纱杯# 泛Lesson Eighteen Some specially Formed Yarns特殊成纱friction spinning [ˈfrɪkʃn [ˈspɪnɪŋ]摩擦纺纱DREF spinning 德雷夫纺纱法，尘笼纺body 身骨self-twisted yarn 自捻纱selfil yarn 加长丝自捻纱twistless yarn 无捻纱core-spun yarn 包芯纱spandex ['spændeks氨纶，斯潘德克斯弹性纤维coverspun 包绕纺纱bicomponent ['bɪkəmp'əʊnənt]双组分supple [ˈsʌpl]柔软的# 泛Lesson Nineteen Stretch Yarns and Fabrics弹力丝和织物terminology [ˌtɜ:mɪˈnɒlədʒi]术语，专用名词elastomeric [ɪˌlæstə'merɪk]弹性的braid [breɪd]编织foundation garment [ˈgɑ:mənt]全帮，内衣surgical supplies [ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl] [səp'laɪz]外科手术用织物knife-edge 刀口back twisting 反向加捻cross-linking resin 交联树脂kinky ['kɪŋkɪ]纽结的springy [ˈsprɪŋi]有弹性的cellulose eater [ˈseljuləʊs] [ˈi:tə(r)]纤维素酯cellulose ether [ˈi:θə(r)]纤维素醚thermoplastic [ˌθɜ:məʊˈplæstɪk]热塑性的knotting ['nɒtɪŋ]打结，编结piece-goods stretch 匹布加弹slipcover ['slɪpˌkʌvə]家具套，沙发套therapeutic [ˌθerəˈpju:tɪk]治疗的support hose [səˈpɔ:t həuz]管状弹性绷带。

Lesson Two第二课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途A relatively high level of moisture absorption and good wicking properties help make cotton one of the more comfortable fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, cotton has a high attraction for water. As water enters the fiber, cotton swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. The high affinity for moisture and the ability to swell when wet allow cotton to absorb about one-fourth of its weight in water. This means that in hot weather perspiration from the body will be absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the yarns to the outer surface of the cloth and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will be aided in maintaining its temperature.吸湿性和良好的吸湿排汗性能使棉纤维的一个更舒适的一个比较高的水平。

因为在纤维素的羟基基团，棉花对水有很强的吸引力。

当水进入纤维棉，膨胀，其截面变得更圆。

水分和膨胀时湿让棉花吸收水的重量约四分之一的高亲和力的能力。

纺织英语第三版课文中文翻译Lesson Two Cotton Properties and UsesA relatively high level of moisture absorption and good wicking properties help make cotton one of the more comfortable fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, cotton has a high attraction for water. As water enters the fiber, cotton swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. The high affinity for moisture and the ability to swell when wet allow cotton to absorb about one-fourth of its weight in water. This means that in hot weather perspiration from the body will be absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the yarns to the outer surface of the cloth and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will be aided in maintaining its temperature.相对较好的吸湿性和良好的芯吸性使棉纤维成为最舒适的纤维之一。

因为纤维素的羟基基团，使得棉花对水有很强的吸引力。

当水进入纤维棉，棉开始膨胀，其截面变得更圆。

这种高度的亲水性和潮湿时溶胀的性能使棉花可吸水达到其重量的1/4左右。

Lesson Nine九课Rayon人造丝Rayon is composed of cellulose. Like cotton it is a polymer. The difference in degree of polymerization between cotton and rayon accounts for some of the variance in physical properties between the two.粘胶纤维是由纤维素。

像棉花是一种聚合物。

对于一些在两个物理性能之间的差异在棉花和人造丝的帐户之间的聚合程度的差异。

Other causes for the difference between rayon and cotton include the difference in the degree of crystallinity, 60 percent for cotton and 40 percent for rayon, and differences in hydrogen bonding as evidenced by the infrared spectrum of native cellulose and regenerated cellulose.人造纤维和棉之间的差异的其他原因包括在不同的结晶度，为棉花和人造丝百分之40百分之60，和氢键的差异证明了天然纤维素的红外光谱和再生纤维素。

The mechanisms of formation for natural celluloses are significantly different from man's ability to reform cellulosic structures found in nature. Rayon is structurally different from cotton molecularly, morphologically, and in relation to chain length. Contaminants of various types from the pulp and other materials used in the process introduce significant differences to rayon that are not present in cotton. These differences result in significant differences in properties between cotton and rayon. As a consequence of the technological developments for regeneration of cellulose by man, a much wider range of fiber properties is obtainable from the man-made regenerated cellulose fibers than is possible from native celluloses such as cotton.对天然纤维素的形成机制是人类进行改革的能力在自然界中发现的纤维素结构差异显著。

Lesson Twenty-Five第25课Yarn Winding ( 1 )络纱Yarns as manufactured and packaged are not in the optimum condition to be used to form fabrics. After yarn formation, both spun and continuous filament yarns are not immediately usable in fabric forming systems. Package size, build and other factors make it necessary for the yarn to be further processed to prepare it to be handled efficiently during fabric formation.生产并卷装好的纱线并没有处在用于生产织物的最佳状态，纱线形成后，短纤纱和长丝都不能立即用于织物编织系统。

卷装的尺寸大小、形状和其他因素让纱线进行进一步加工以便在织造过程中高效传送是有必要的。

For weaving and warp knitting, many yarns are presented simultaneously in the form of a warp sheet. These yarns are taken from packages called beams. Shuttle looms need a ling yarn package, or quill, which fits in the shuttle; while shuttleless looms and weft knitting machines use yarn from large packages called cheeses or cones.对机织和经编来说，许多纱线以片纱形式同时排列在一起。

目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植 (1)02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途 (2)04课Wool羊毛 (4)05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能 (6)06课 Silk丝绸 (8)07课 Flax亚麻 (10)09课 Rayon人造丝 (13)12课YARNS (15)13课纱线结构和织物外观的关系 (16)21课精纺和粗纺 (17)25课络纱 (18)27课整经 (21)33 课织机 (27)40课蓬勃发展的非织造布 (34)49课染色 (38)第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。

它的流行源于它的生产及其在纺织产品广泛适用性相对容易。

棉纱价格，然而，强烈地依赖于劳动力成本，因此，在工业化的国家，那里的劳动力昂贵，棉纱可能相对较高的价格。

Until relatively recent times, however, cotton was not as widely used as wool and linen. This was because it was easier to spin wool or flax into yam because of their greater length. In addition, cotton fibers have to be separated from the seeds to which they cling. This procedure was very tedious and time-consuming when done by hand. Early machinery could be used on only the longest staple cotton. So labor costs tended to be very high.直到最近，然而，棉花是没有广泛用作羊毛和亚麻布。

纺织英语第三版1~19课课后单词总结# 泛读Lesson One Cotton Growing棉纤维的性能和用途cotton [ 'kɒtn ]棉fiber [ 'faibə ]纤维stem [ stem ]起源于textile [ 'tekˌstail ]纺织yarn [jɑ:n] 纱线wool [ wul ]羊毛linen [ 'linən ]亚麻（布）spin（spun，spun）[ spin ]纺纱；纺丝flax [ flæks ]亚麻（纤维）staple [ 'steipl ]短纤维gin [ dʒin ]轧花机sprout [ spraut发芽blossom [ 'blɒsəm ]花pod [ pɒd ]豆荚picking [ 'pikiŋ ]采摘convolution [ ˌkɒnvə∫n]扭曲spun yarn 短纤维纱线lumen ['lu:men]腔cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]表皮primary wall [ 'praiˌmeri, 'praiməri ] 初生胞壁secondary wall 次生胞壁第二课Lesson Two Cotton Properties and Uses棉的性能和使用Wicking ['wɪkɪŋ]芯吸water-borne stains 水基污染Hydroxyl groups [haɪ'drɒksɪl] [ɡru:ps]羟基colorant [ˈkʌlərənt]颜料，染料Cellulose [ˈseljuləʊs]纤维素hydrogen bond [ˈhaɪdrədʒən] [bɒnd氢键Fabric [ˈfæbrɪk]织物stress 应力Hydrophilic [ˌhaɪdrə'fɪlɪk]亲水的iron [ˈaɪən]熨烫Hydrophobic [ˌhaɪdrə'fəʊbɪk]疏水的moderately [ˈmɒdərətli]中等的Susceptible [səˈseptəbl]敏感的polyester [ˌpɒlɪ'estə(r)]涤纶Organic solvent 有机溶剂homey 家庭般的Mold 霉菌mainstay [ˈmeɪnsteɪ]主要力量Fungus 真菌no-iron 免烫Prominent 突出的，显著地pillowcase枕套Mildew 发霉crisp 挺爽Degradation 降解smother 窒息Gas dryer 煤气烘干机stuff 闷热的，窒息的Impart 给予interstice 空隙Flexibility 挠性canvas gear 帆布用具Apparel 服装supplant 取代，替代Home furnishings 家居装饰cord 绳索Recreational 休闲的twine 细绳Pliable 柔顺的lash 捆绑Garment 服装bale 大包Shrink-resistant finish 防缩整理Blending 混纺# 泛Lesson Three Properties of the Naturally Colored Cottons 天然彩棉的性质disposal [ di'spəuzl ]处理，排放drainage [ 'dreinidʒ ]污水mercerize ['mɜ:səraɪz]丝光处理pesticide [ 'pestiˌsaid ]杀虫剂weed killer [wi:d]除草剂deposit [ di'pɒzit ]存留，囤积organic fertilizer [ɔ:ˈgænɪk] [ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)]有机肥environmentally friendly 环境友好地breed 育种，品种color intensity [ in'tensəti ]颜色强度plantation [ plæn'tei∫n ]农场lignin [ 'lignin ]木质素pectin [ 'pektin ]果胶hydrophobic [ ˌhaidrə'fəubik]疏水的deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]损害hue [hju:]色彩# 泛Lesson Four Wool 羊毛antiquity [ æn'tikwəti ]古代felt [ felt ]毡，制毡prehistoric 史前的weave [wi:v]机织，织造；做名woolen goods 粗纺毛织物scouring [ skaur ]洗毛merino sheep [məˈri:nəʊ]美利奴羊worsted fabric [ˈwʊstɪd]精纺毛织物wavy [ 'weivi ]卷曲的inoculate [ i'nɒkjəˌleit ]给接种，给注射rangeland [ 'reindʒˌlænd ]放牧场fleece [fli:s]套毛clip wool [ klip ]套毛pulled wool [ pul ]皮板毛depilatory [dɪˈpɪlətri]脱毛剂preliminary grading [ˈgreɪdɪŋ]预分等，初级分等mill [mɪl]纺织厂decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz]分解mineral acid [ˈmɪnərəl]无机酸Lesson Five Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛的结构和性能microscopic 显微镜的commmendable值得赞扬的scale 鳞片regain恢复magnification 放大倍数crushing挤压horny角状的durable crease耐久皱褶cuticle角质层Pleat皱褶打褶cortex角质皮质cross- linkage交键cortical cell角质细胞皮质细胞poiymer高聚物medulla毛髓loft蓬松的高雅的authoraty权威机构上级机关moisture regain回潮率pigment颜料染料covering power覆盖系数micron微米desportion水分释放kemp死毛hygroscopic吸湿的elliptical椭圆形的finish织物的整理oval卵形的椭圆形的interfacial界面的felting毡化silky像蚕丝一样的yellowish-white稍微发黄的白色# 精Lesson Six Silk 丝sericulture ['serɪˌkʌltʃə]养蚕业，蚕丝业AD 公元silkworm [ˈsɪlkwɜ:m]蚕reeling ['ri:lɪŋ]缫丝，络丝cocoon [kəˈku:n]蚕茧prestige [pre'sti:ʒ]声望；名声luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]华贵的queen of fiber 纤维皇后denier [ˈdeniə(r)]旦尼尔specific gravity 相对密度moth [mɒθ] 蛾metal salts [ˈmetl]金属盐；无机盐sputter [ˈspʌtə(r)]噼啪爆响cellulosic fiber [seljʊ'ləʊsɪk] 纤维素纤维solubility [ˌsɒljʊ'bɪlətɪ] 溶解性ammonia [əˈməʊniə] 氨水concentration [ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn] 浓度fibroin ['faɪbrəʊɪn]丝心蛋白keratin [ˈkerətɪn]角蛋白scroop [skru:p]丝鸣# 精Lesson seven Flax亚麻bast fiber [bæst]韧皮纤维woody [ˈwʊdi]木质的phloem [ˈfləʊem]韧皮stalk [stɔ:k]茎stem [stem]茎，针杆temperate [ˈtempərət]温和的intact [ɪnˈtækt]未经触动的rip [rɪp]剥boll [bəʊl]植物的铃rot 腐烂retting ['retɪŋ]沤麻dew retting [dju:]露水沤麻pool retting 池塘沤麻sheaves [ʃi:vz] sheaf的复数形式捆，束stagnant [ˈstægnənt]不流动的，污浊的bacteria[bækˈtɪəriə] bacterium的复数形式细菌tank retting 池浸沤麻sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium carbonate [ˈsəʊdiəm [ˈkɑ:bəneɪt]碳酸钠dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸fluted roller 沟槽罗拉scutch [skɒtʃ]打麻hackle ['hækl]梳麻comb [kəʊm] 梳理（精梳）tow [təʊ] 短纤维，短麻，落纤line [laɪn]长纤维，长麻sliver [ˈslɪvə(r)] 条子，棉条，毛条，纤维条carding ['kɑ:dɪŋ]梳理（粗梳）choice fiber 上等纤维sheen [ʃi:n] 光彩，光泽resin finish [ˈrezɪn]树脂整理easy care [ʃi:n]免烫，洗可穿serviceability [sɜ:vɪsə'bɪlɪtɪ]耐用性能wicking property 芯吸效应discoloration [disˌkʌləˈreiʃən]脱色beetling finish ['bi:tlɪŋ]捶布整理laundry aids [ˈlɔ:ndri] 洗涤剂aging 老化durable-press 耐久压烫，耐久定形，免烫整理，DP整理# 泛Lesson Eight Other Bast Fibers其他韧皮纤维jute [dʒu:t]黄麻burlap [ˈbɜ:læp]粗麻布hessian [ 'he∫n ]打包麻布grayish color [ˈgreɪɪʃ]泛灰的颜色fibrous [ˈfaɪbrəs]纤维状的gummy [ 'gʌmi ]黏稠的beige [ beiʒ ]米色microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm]微生物bagging ['bægɪŋ]打包布，马岱布carpet backing [ˈkɑ:pɪt]地毯底布，地毯背衬taping [teɪpɪŋ] 贴边linoleum [lɪˈnəʊliəm]漆布olefine ['əʊləfɪn]烯烃labor-intensive [ˈleibəinˈtensiv]劳动密集型ramie ['ræmɪ] 苎麻nettle [ˈnetl]荨麻family [ˈfæməli]（植物的）科，类perennial [pəˈreniəl]多年生的shrub [ʃrʌb] 灌木necessitate 需要degum [nəˈsesɪteɪt]脱胶pectin [ˈpektɪn]果胶neutralize [ˈnju:trəlaɪz]中和crystallinity [,kristə'linəti]结晶度accessibility [əkˌsesə'bɪlətɪ]可及杜nonfibrous [nɒn'ferəs]非纤维状的hemp [hemp]大麻deplete [dɪˈpli:t]耗尽nutrient [ˈnju:triənt]营养的，营养品stripping 搏麻drawing [ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ]牵伸cordage ['kɔ:dɪdʒ]绳索sacking [ˈsækɪŋ]麻第九课Lesson Nine Rayon 人造丝Rayon黏胶，人造纤维Degree of polymerization聚合度Degree of crystallinity结晶度Infrared spectrum红外光谱Native cellulose天然纤维Regenerated cellulose再生纤维素Mechanism机理Morphologically形态方面的Contaminant污染物Pulp浆粕Molecular orientation分子取向Viscose黏胶Mode方式Amorphous area非结晶区Dyeability染色性能Striation条纹Delustered消光的Bilobal双叶形的High wet-modulus高湿模量Off round偏离圆形Cuprammonium rayon铜氨人造丝Surgical外科用Wipe擦试用品Limp松软Textured yarn变形纱Acrylic腈纶Reactant反应物Starch淀粉Softener柔软剂Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Peroxide bleach过氧化物漂白剂Dyestuff 染料第十课Lesson Ten Polyester Fibers聚酯纤维DuPont 杜邦公司polyamide 聚酰胺纤维ICI（Imperial Chemical Industries Limited）英国帝国化学工业公司Dacron 大可纶drawing process 牵伸过程heat stabilization 热定型static electric charge 静电accentuate 强调，突出heat-set 热定形pilling 起球protective clothing 防护服fire hose 消防水管tire cord 轮胎帘子布per-capita 人均implant 移植allergenic 过敏的drip-dried 滴水晾干11课Lesson Eleven Fiber Identification纤维鉴定Qualitative identification 定性鉴别staining 沾污，沾色Tentativeiy 试验性地refractive index 折射率Verify 证实index of birefringence 双折射率Unravel 拆散X-ray diffraction machine X光衍射仪Forceps 镊子infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计Residue 残渣chromatograph 色谱仪Fluffy 毛茸茸的polarizing microscope 偏振光显微镜Photomicrograph 显微镜照片12课Lesson Twelve Yarns 纱Align 排成一排Roving 粗纱Assembly 集合体Plied yarn 合股线Cable 粗绳索Hawser 缆Forefinger 食指Medieval 中世纪的Untwist 退捻Curl 卷曲Kink 扭结Weaver 织布工人，织造工作者Middle age 中世纪Yarn number 纱线细度Yarn count 纱线支数，纱线线密度Nomenclature 名称术语Hank 纱绞Spun-silk 绢丝Yarn size 纱线支数，纱线细度Tex 特克斯Lesson Thirteen Relationship between Yarn Structure and Fabric Performance 纱线结构和性能间的关系crimp 英[krɪmp] 卷曲scatter 英['skætə(r)] 消散Overtwist英['əʊvətwɪst]强捻ridge 英[rɪdʒ]凸棱concomitant英[kən'kɒmɪt(ə)nt]伴随的bulk 英[bʌlk]蓬松的tweed 英[twiːd]粗花呢jacket 英['dʒækɪt]夹克bulky 英['bʌlkɪ] 粗大的，肥壮的blouse 英['blaʊz] 女衬衫，罩衫barrier英['bærɪə]阻挡层sultry 英['sʌltrɪ] 闷热的clammy英['klæmɪ黏糊糊的hairiness ['hɛrɪnɪs] 毛羽shed soil 英[ʃed sɒɪl阻挡尘土snag 英[snæg] 钩丝unsightly 英[ʌn'saɪtlɪ]不雅观的texture 英['tekstʃ质地slick英[slɪk] 滑溜溜的fuzzy 英['fʌzɪ] 毛茸茸的pajamas 英[pə'dʒɑːməz] 睡衣Acetate fiber 英['æsɪteɪt 'faɪbɚ]醋酯纤维satin 英['sætɪn]经面缎纹highlight 英['haɪlaɪt重点突出lining英['laɪnɪŋ]衣服衬里disrobe 英[dɪs'rəʊb]脱衣diffuse英[dɪ'fjuːz] 扩散，漫射第十四课Lesson Fourteen Staple Fiber Spinning(1)短纤维纺纱opening 开松cleaning 除杂carton 纸板箱opener 开棉机，开松机blender 混棉机，混合机intermittent system 间歇式纺纱系统spike 置凸钉apron 皮圈，皮板输送带lattice 输送帘子hopper 料斗，棉箱conveyor belt 传送带picking unit 清棉装置picker 清棉机forced air 高压气流picker lap 清棉棉卷card unit 梳理机构ring-spun yarn 环锭纱tuft 簇，团carding frame 梳棉机，梳理机drawing frame 并条机wire card 钢丝梳棉机granular card 无盖板梳棉机，微粒梳棉机card clothing 针布wire flat 盖板tease 梳理cylinder 锡林，滚筒doff 落卷，落筒can 条筒combed yarn 精梳机carded 粗梳机breaker-drawing 头道并条15课Lesson Fifteen Staple Fiber Spinning(2) Roller 罗拉roving frame 粗纱机Lapper 成网机，成网机构attenuate 使变细Comber 精梳机bobbin筒管Finisher-drawing 末道并条spinning frame 细纱机Assemblage 集合体ring spinning 环锭纺纱Draft 牵伸spindle 锭子Traveler 钢丝圈single 单纱Ring 钢领，环状，环形物# 泛Lesson Sixteen Textured Yarn膨松纱slippery [ˈslɪpəri]滑溜溜的（但没有弹性）full 丰满的handle [ˈhændl]手感linear density [ˈlɪniə(r)] [ˈdensəti]线密度extensibility [ɪksˌtensə'bɪlɪtɪ]伸展性bending stiffness ['bendɪŋ] [stɪfnəs]弯曲刚度disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn]布置thermosetting ['θɜ:məʊˌsetɪŋ]热定型kont-free 无结complement [ˈkɒmplɪment]补充cover factor 覆盖系数offset [ˈɒfset]抵消stretch yarn 弹力丝，弹力纱false twist [fɔ:ls] [twɪst]假捻bulked yarn [bʌlk]膨体纱carpet [ˈkɑ:pɪt] 地毯，毛毯hosiery [ˈhəʊziəri]针织品，袜类stuffer-box 填塞箱air-jet 气流Lesson Seventeen Open-end Spinning自由端纺纱open-end spinning自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱warping ['wɔ:pɪŋ]整经synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm] 同义词fiber migration纤维迁移break spinning 自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱technique 差异染色技术rotor spinning 转杯纺纱spinning 涡流纺纱sieve 筛网wash-and-wear 洗可穿rotor 纺纱杯# 泛Lesson Eighteen Some specially Formed Yarns特殊成纱friction spinning [ˈfrɪkʃn [ˈspɪnɪŋ]摩擦纺纱DREF spinning 德雷夫纺纱法，尘笼纺body 身骨self-twisted yarn 自捻纱selfil yarn 加长丝自捻纱twistless yarn 无捻纱core-spun yarn 包芯纱spandex ['spændeks氨纶，斯潘德克斯弹性纤维coverspun 包绕纺纱bicomponent ['bɪkəmp'əʊnənt]双组分supple [ˈsʌpl]柔软的# 泛Lesson Nineteen Stretch Yarns and Fabrics弹力丝和织物terminology [ˌtɜ:mɪˈnɒlədʒi]术语，专用名词elastomeric [ɪˌlæstə'merɪk]弹性的braid [breɪd]编织foundation garment [ˈgɑ:mənt]全帮，内衣surgical supplies [ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl] [səp'laɪz]外科手术用织物knife-edge 刀口back twisting 反向加捻cross-linking resin 交联树脂kinky ['kɪŋkɪ]纽结的springy [ˈsprɪŋi]有弹性的cellulose eater [ˈseljuləʊs] [ˈi:tə(r)]纤维素酯cellulose ether [ˈi:θə(r)]纤维素醚thermoplastic [ˌθɜ:məʊˈplæstɪk]热塑性的knotting ['nɒtɪŋ]打结，编结piece-goods stretch 匹布加弹slipcover ['slɪpˌkʌvə]家具套，沙发套therapeutic [ˌθerəˈpju:tɪk]治疗的support hose [səˈpɔ:t həuz]管状弹性绷带。

[转载]纺织英语中英⽂对照原⽂地址：纺织英语中英⽂对照作者：东⽅卿纺织英语纺织英语(系列⼀) 纱线⽤英语纱线 Yarns棉及其混纺纱线 Cotton, Cotton Mixed & Blended Yarns棉纱Cotton Yarns 涤棉纱 T/C & CVC Yarns粘棉纱 Cotton/Rayon Yarns棉晴纱 Cotton/Acrylic Yarns棉/氨纶包芯纱 Cotton/Spandex Yarns棉与其他混纺纱 Cotton/Others Blended Yarns⽑纺系列纱线 Woollen Yarn Series⽺绒纱 Cashmere Yarn Series全⽺⽑纱 Wool (100%) Yarns⽑晴纱 Wool/Acrylic Yarns⽑涤纱 Wool/Polyester Yarns⽑粘纱 Wool/Viscose Yarns⽑/丝纱 Wool/Silk Yarnss⽺⽑/其他 Wool/Other Yarns兔⽑纱 Angora Yarns雪兰⽑线 Shetland Yarns牦⽜⽑纱 Yak Hair Yarns⽺仔⽑纱 Lambswool Yarns真丝系列纱线 Silk Yarn Series⽩⼚丝 White Steam Filature Yarns双宫丝 Duppion Silk Yarns柞蚕丝 Tussah Silk Yarns绢丝 Spun Silk Yarns柞绢丝 Tussah Spun Silk Yarns柚丝 Silk Noil Yarns真丝线 Silk Threads丝棉混纺纱 Silk/Cotton Blended Yarns⿇纺系列纱线 Halm Yarn Series⼤⿇系列纱线 Hemp Yarn Series亚⿇系列纱线 Linen Yarn Series苎⿇系列纱线 Ramie Yarn Series黄⿇系列纱线 Jute Yarn Series其他植物纤维纱线 Other Plant Yarns剑⿇系列纱线 Sisal Yarn Series⼈造纤维和合成纱线 Manmade & Synthetic Yarns晴纶纱 Acrylic Yarns晴纶仿⽺绒 Cashmere-like Acrylic Yarns仿兔⽑ Sunday Angora Yarns锦纶丝 Polyamide Yarns涤纶纱/丝 Polyester Yarns⼈造棉纱 Spun Rayon Yarns天丝纱 Tencel Yarns弹⼒纱线 Elastane Yarns涤粘纱 T/R (Polyester/Rayon) Yarns⼈棉混纺纱 Spun Rayon Blended Yarns其他化纤纱线 Other Synthetic Yarns⼈造长丝或线 Viscose Filament Yarns or Threads花⾊纱线 fancy yarns雪尼尔纱 Chenille Yarns⼤肚纱 Big-belly Yarns带⼦纱 Tape Yarns马海⽑纱 Mohair Yarns⽻⽑纱 Feather Yarns蜈蚣纱 Centipede like Yarns项链纱 Neckline Yarns辫⼦纱 Pigtail Yarns梯⼦纱 Ladder Yarns圈圈纱 Loop YarnsTT 纱 TT Yarns结⼦纱 Knot Yarns乒乓纱 Ping-Pong Yarns其它花⾊纱线 Other Fancy Yarns⾦属纱线 Metal Yarns绳、索及缆 Twine, Cordage, Rope & Cables纺织英语(系列⼆) 坯布⽤纺织英语靛蓝青年布：indigo chambray⼈棉布植绒：rayon cloth flocking pvc植绒：pvc flocking针织布植绒：knitting cloth flocking珠粒绒：claimond veins倒⽑：down pile making平绒：velveteen (velvet-plain)仿麂⽪：micro suede⽜仔⽪植绒：jeans flocking尼丝纺：nylon taffeta (nylon shioze)尼龙塔夫泡泡纱：nylon seersucker taffeta素⾯植绒：plain flocking 印花植绒：flocking(flower)雕印植绒：embossing flocking⽪⾰沟底植绒：leather imitation flocking⽜仔植绒雕印：embossing jeans flocking兔⽺绒⼤⾐呢：angora cachmere overcoating⽺⽑双⾯呢：double-faced woolen goods⽴绒呢：cut velvet顺⽑呢：over coating粗花呢：costume tweed弹⼒呢：lycra woolen goods塔丝绒： nylon taslon塔丝绒格⼦：n/taslon ripstop桃⽪绒：polyester peach skin涤塔夫：polyester taffeta春亚纺：polyester pongee超细麦克布：micro fiber锦棉稠(平纹)：nylon-cotton fabric （plain）重平锦棉稠：nylon-cotton-cotton fabric(double weft)⼈字锦棉纺：nylon-cotton fabric斜纹锦棉纺：nylon-cotton fabric (twill)素⾊天鹅绒：solid velvet抽条磨⽑天鹅绒：rib fleece velvet雪花天鹅绒：melange velvet轧花天鹅绒：ginning velvet粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet⿇棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric⿇棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric素⾊⽑⼱布：solid terry蚂蚁布：fleece in one side素⾊卫⾐布：solid fleece鱼⽹布：fleece 彩条汗布：color-stripes single jerseyt/r弹⼒布：t/r bengaline t/c⾊织格⼦布：t/c solid check fabric弹⼒仿麂⽪：micro suede with spandext/r仿麂⽪：t/r micro suede仿麂⽪瑶粒绒复合布：100%polyester micro suede bounding with polar fleece 仿麂⽪针织布复合：100% polyester bounding with knitting micro suede fabric 仿麂⽪⽺羔绒复合布：100% polyester micro suede bounding with lamb fur蜡光缎：cire satine全消光尼丝纺：full dull nylon taffeta半消光尼丝纺：semi-dull nylon taffeta亮光尼龙：trilobal nylon全消光塔丝隆：full dull nylon taslan全消光⽜津布：full dull nylon oxford尼龙格：nylon rip-stop塔丝隆格：taslan rip-stop哑富迪：full dull micro polyester pongee全消光春亚纺：full dull polyester pongee春亚纺格⼦：polyester pongee rip-stop全消光涤纶桃⽪绒：full dull polyester peach宽斜纹桃⽪绒：big twill polyester peach涤锦复合桃⽪绒：poly/nylon peach涤纶格⼦：polyester taffeta rip-stop涤纶蜂巢塔丝隆：polyester honey taslan全消光涤纶低弹⽜津布：full dull poly textured oxford涤锦交织桃⽪绒：nylon/polyester inter-woven peach纺织英语(系列三) 颜⾊⽤英语增⽩： WHITE / SNOW WHITE特⿊： BLACK / JET BLACK奶⽩： IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM⼤红： RED 紫红： BORDEAUX/WINE紫⾊： BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE绿⾊： GREEN灰⾊： GREY⽟⾊： OYSTER/PEACH黄⾊： YELLOW卡其： KAHKI雪青： LILAC古铜⾊： BROWN梅红： FUSCHIA墨绿： CHARCOAL⾖绿： OLIVE藏青： NAVY/BLUE天蓝： SKY BLUE粉红： PINK⽶⾊：BEIGE橘黄： ORANGE驼⾊： CAMEL纺织英语(系列四) 产品包装⽤英语卷杆： RILLING/WINDING散装： LOOSE PACKING编织袋： WEAVING BAG纸箱： CARTON⽊箱： WODEN CASE中性包装： NEUTRAL PACKING单幅卷杆： ROLLED ON TUBES IN OPEN WIDTH双幅卷杆： DOUBLE FOLDED ON ROLLS双幅折板： DOUBLE FOLDED ON BOARD腰封： PAPER TAPES纸管： TUBE吊牌： LABLE / HANG TAG唛头： SHIPPING MARK船样： SHIPPING SAMPLE塑料袋： POLY BAG匹长： ROLL LENGTH拼匹： ROLL WITH SEWING / ROLL WITH JOIN拼箱： LCL整箱： FCL 出⼝包装： EXPORT PACK纺织英语(系列五)检验标准⽤英语质量标准： QUALITY STANDARD（OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100、ISO9002、SGS、ITS、AATCC、M&S）客检： CUSTOMER INSPECTION台板检验：TABLE INSPECTION经向检验： LAMP INSPECTION⾊牢度： COLOR FASTNESS皂洗⾊牢度： WASHING COLOR FASTNESS摩擦⾊牢度： RUBBING / CRICKING COLOR FASTNESS光照⾊牢度： LIGHT COLOR FASTNESS汗渍⾊牢度： PERSPIRATION COLOR FASTNESS⽔渍⾊牢度： WATER COLOR FASTNESS氯漂⽩⾊牢度： CHLORINE BLEACH COLOR FASTNESS尺⼨稳定性： DIMENSIONAL STABILITY外观持久性： APPEARANCE RETENTION拉伸强度： TENSILE STRENGTH撕破强度： TEAR STRENGTH接缝滑裂： SEAM SLIPPAGE抗起⽑起球性： PILLING RESISTANCE耐磨性： ABRASION RESISTANCE拒⽔性： WATER REPELLENCY抗⽔性： WATER RESISTANCE织物密度： THREAD PER INCH/STICH DENSITY纱⽀： YARN COUNT 克重： WEIGHT纺织英语(系列六) 整理⽤英语染⾊前整理： PREMINARY FINISHE （PFP， PFD）退浆： DESIZING 染⾊： DYEING固⾊： COLOR FIXING后整理： AFTER FINISH / AFTER TREATMENT热定型： HEAT SETTING树脂整理： RESIN FINISH切割：CUT轧花： EMBOSSED/LOGOTYPE涂层： COATING （ PVC、PU、PA）涂⽩： WHITE PIGMENT涂银： SILVER 烫⾦： GOLD PRINT磨⽑： BRUSHED起皱： CRINKED/ CREPED轧泡： BUBBLED丝光： MERCERIZED硬挺： STIFFENING抗静电： ANTI-STATIC抗起球： ANTI-PILLING防⽻绒： DOWN PROOF防霉： ANTI-FUNGUS免烫： WASH AND WEAR砂洗： STONE WASHED阻燃： FLAM RETARDANT环保染⾊： AZO FREE / NO AZO防⽔： W/P （ WATER SHRINKAGE ）拒⽔： W/R （WATER REPELLENT ）缩⽔： W/S （ WATER SHRINKAGE ）印花： PRINTING 涂料印花：COAT PRINTING拔染印花： DISCHARGE PRINTING平⽹印花： PLATE SCREAM PRINTING圆⽹印花： ROTARY SCREAM PRINTING转移印花： TRANSFER PRINTING烂花： BURN OUT模版印花： BLOCK PRINTING纸版印花： PAPER STENCIL纺织英语(系列七) 设备⽤英语设备⽅⾯麦克贝思电脑配⾊系统： MACBETH “ CLOR – EYE ” COMPUTER COLOR – MATCHING SYSTEM 电脑配液系统： “ RAPID – DOSER ” LABORTEX – LABORATORY DOSING SYSTEM VERIVIDE对⾊灯箱： VERIVIDE COLOR ASSESMENT CABINET打样： LAB DIPS⼤货⽣产： BULK PRODUCTION精练机： DESIZING MACHINE折幅机： CREASING MACHINE卷染： JIG DYEING溢流染⾊： JET OVERFLOW DYEING/BLEED DYEING轧染： PAD DYEING定型机： SET-STRECHING/STENTER FRAME纺织英语(系列⼋) 染料⽤英语碱性染料： BASIC DYES酸性染料： ACID DYES活性染料： REACTIVE DYES分散染料： DISPERSE DYES阳离⼦染料： CATION DYES还原染料： VAT DYES直接染料： DIRECT DYES硫化染料： SULPHUR DYES⾮偶氮染料： AZO FREE DYES纺织英语(系列九) 产品⽤英语⾥料： LINING⾯料：FABRIC平纹： TAFFETA斜纹： TWILL 缎⾯：SATIN / CHARMEUSE绡： LUSTRINE提花： JACQUARD烂花： BURNT-OUT春亚纺：PONGEE格⼦： CHECK条⼦： STRIPE双层： DOUBLE – LAYER双⾊： TWO – TONE花瑶： FAILLE⾼⼠宝： KOSHIBO雪纺： CHIFFON乔其： GEORGETTE塔丝隆： TASLON弹⼒布： SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA⽜仔布： JEANET⽜津布： OXFORD帆布： CAMBRIC涤棉：P/C 涤捻：T/R ⽩涤条纺： WHITE STRIPE⿊条纺： BLACK STRIPE空齿纺： EMPTY STRIPE⽔洗绒/桃⽪绒： PEACH SKIN卡丹绒： PEACH TWILL绉绒： PEACH MOSS玻璃纱： ORGANDY纺织英语(系列⼗) 原料⽤英语涤纶：PLOYESTER锦纶：NYLON/POLYAMIDE醋酸：ACETATE棉：COTTON⼈棉：RAYON⼈丝：VISCOSE仿真丝：IMITATED SILK FABRIC真丝：SILK氨纶：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/LYCRA长丝： FILAMENT短纤： SPUN⿊丝：BLACK YARN阳离⼦： CATION三⾓异形丝： TRIANGLE PROFILE空⽓变形丝：AIR-JET TEXTURING YARN超细纤维： MICRO – FIBRIC全拉伸丝： FDY （FULL DRAWN YARN）预取向丝： POY（PREORIENTED YARN）拉伸变形丝： DTY（DRAW TEXTURED YARN）牵伸加捻丝： DT （DRWW TWIST ACCESSORY纺织英语(系列⼗⼀) 辅料⽤英语辅料，配件 ACROSS MEASURE 横量 ACRYLIC 腈纶 ADHESIVE / FUSIBLE INTERLINING 粘衬 ANTIQUE BRASS COATING 镀青古铜 ANTISTATIC FINISH 防静电处理 APPAREL 成⾐ APPEALING LOOK 吸引⼈的外表 APPROVAL SAMPLE 批办 APPROVED SAMPLE WITH SIGNING NAME 签名批办 ARMHOLE 夹圈 ASSEMBLING OF FRONT & BACK PART 前后幅合并ASSEMBLING SECTION 合并部分 ATTACH COLLAR 上领 ATTACH LABEL 上商标 ATTACHMENT （车缝）附件　BACK COVER FRONT 后搭前 BACK MID-ARMHOLE 后背宽 BACK ACROSS 后背宽 BACK STITCH 返针，回针 BACKLESS DRESS 露背装 BAR CODED STICKER 条形码贴纸 BARGAINING 讨价还价 BAR-TACK 打枣 BASTE 假缝 BATILK 蜡染 BEARER 袋衬 BEARER & FACING袋衬袋贴 BEDFORD CORD. 坑纹布，经条灯⼼绒 BELL BOTTOM 喇叭裤脚 BELLOWS POCKET 风琴袋 BELT 腰带 BELT-LOOP 裤⽿ BIAS CUT 斜纹裁，纵纹裁BIFURCATE 分叉 BINDER 包边蝴蝶，滚边蝴蝶 BINDING包边 BINDING OF SLV. OPENING R折 BINDING OF TOP VENT ⾯叉包边 BINDING TAPE 包边 BINDING/BOUND 滚条 BLANKET ⽑毯，地毯 BLEACH 漂⽩ BLEACH SPOT 漂⽩污渍 BLEEDING 洗⽔后褪⾊ BLEND FIBRE 混纺纤维 BLENDS 混纺 BLIND STITCH 挑脚线步 BLOUSE ⼥装衬衫 BODY PRESSING 衫⾝熨烫 BODY RISE 直浪 BOTTOM 衫脚，下摆 BOTTOM VENT OF SLEEVE 细侧 BOTTOMS 下装 BOX-PLEATED 外⼯字褶　BOY’S STYLE FLY / LEFT FLY 男装钮牌，左钮牌 BRAID 织锦，织带 BRANCH 分公司 BREAK STITCHES 断线BRIEFS 男装紧⾝内裤 BROCADE 织锦，织带 BROKEN STITCHING断线 BUBBLING 起泡 BUCKLE ⽪带扣 BUCKLE-LOOP ⽪带扣 BULKPRODUCTION ⼤量⽣产 BUNDLE CODE 扎号　BUNDLING 执扎　BUTTON 钮扣 BUTTON STAND 钮门搭位 BUTTON-HOLE 钮门 / 扣眼 BUTTON-HOLING 开钮门 BUTTONING 钉钮 BUTTONING WITH BUTTON SEWER ⽤钉钮机钉钮 C/B VENT 后中叉 CALICO / GRAY CLOTHES胚布 CANVAS 马尾衬，帆布 CARDBOARD 纸板 CARDED 粗疏 CARE LABEL 洗⽔唛 CARTONNING装箱，⼊箱 CASE PACK LABEL 外箱贴纸 CASH POCKET 表袋 CASUAL WEAR 便装 CATCHING FACING钮⼦ CENTER BACK 后中 CENTER CREASE FOLD 中⾻对折 CENTER CREASE LINE 中⾻线 CENTER FRONT 前中 CERTIFIED SUB-CONTRACTOR 认可加⼯⼚ CHAIN STITCH M/C 锁链车 CHAIN STITCHES 锁链线步 CHAMPRAY 皱布 CHEMISE 宽松服装 CHEST/BUST胸围 CHIC 时髦的，流⾏的 CIRCULAR KNIT 圆筒针织布 CLASSIC LOOK 经典款式 CLASSIFICATION 分类 CLEAN FINISH 还⼝ CLEAN FINISH OF TOP VENT ⾯叉还⼝ CLEAN FINISH WITH 1/4“ SINGLE NEEDLE 1/4“单针还⼝ CLOSE FITTING 贴⾝ CLOSE SIDE SEAM 埋侧⾻ COATING 外套⼤⾐ COIN POCKET 表袋 COLLAR 领⼦ COLLAR BAND 下级领 COLLAR FALL 上级领 COLLAR NOTCH 领扼位 COLLAR POINT 领尖 COLLAR STAND 下级领 COLLAR STAY 领插⽵ COLLECTION 系列 COLOR SHADING ⾊差 COMBED 精梳 CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION 结构细节 CONTINUOUS PLACKET R折 CONTROL OF LABOR TURNOVER 劳⼯流失控制 CORDUROY 灯⼼绒 COST SHEET 成本单 COTTON STRING 棉绳 COVERING STITCHING拉冚线步（600类）CREASE & WRINKLY RESISTANT FINISH防皱处理 CREASE LINE 折线 CREPE DE-CHINE 皱布 CROSS CROTCH ⼗字缝 CROSS CUT 横纹裁 CROTCH POINT 浪顶点 CTN. NO. 箱号 CUFF 鸡英，介英CUFF ATTACHING TO SLEEVE 车鸡英到袖⼦上 CUFF VENT/CUFF OPENING 袖侧 CUFFED BOTTOM HEM 反脚，假反脚，脚级 CUFFLESS BOTTOM 平脚 CURVED POCKET 弯袋 CUT & SEWN 切驳 CUTTING PIECE 裁⽚ CUTTING PIECE NUMBERING 给裁⽚编号 D.K. JACQUARD 双⾯提花（针织）　DAMAGE CAUSED BY NEEDLE 针孔 DECORATIVE STITCHING装饰间线 DELIVERY DATE 落货期 DENIER 旦尼尔 DENIM ⽜仔 DENSITY 密度 DESIGN SKETCH设计图 DESIGNED FEATURE 设计特征 DIMENSION 尺⼨、尺码 DINNER JACKET晚礼服DIRT STAINS AFTER WASHING 洗⽔后有污迹 DIRTY SPOT 污点　DISCOUNT / SALES OFF 打折 DOBBY 织花布 DOUBLE CUFF 双层鸡英 DOUBLE END 双经 DOUBLE JETTED POCKET 双唇袋 DOUBLE NEEDLE FELL SEAM双针埋夹 DOUBLE PICK 双纬 DOUBLING 并线 DRESS COAT 礼服　DRESSING ROOM 试⾐间 DRILLING 钻孔位 DRY-CLEANED⼲洗 DUCK 帆布 DYEING 染⾊纺织英语(系列⼗⼆) 疵点⽤英语疵点： DEFECT/FAULT经柳： STREAKY WARP断经： BROKEN END急经： RIGHT END粗纬： COARSE PICKS粗经： COARSE END断纬： BROKEN PICKS纬斜： SKEWING/SLOPE横档： FILLING BAR污迹： STAIN/DIRT异型丝： GOAT/FOREING YARN破洞： HOLE⾊花： SHADE VARIATION/COLOR DIFFERENCE/COLOR DIVIATION ⾊柳： COLOR STRIPE渗⾊： COLOR BLEEDING褪⾊： COLOR FADING/DISCOLOR擦伤： SCRATCH/BARASION/WINCH MARK松板印： MOIRE EFFECTS折痕： CREASE MARK纺织英语(系列⼗三)染⾊织疵⽤英语frosting 霜⽩疵、起霜花（印染引起）blur 剪⽑不良barring 条痕、条花bare cloth 稀布Broken figures 错花Crack 稀弄Cracked ends 筘痕Defective lift 夹起Darts and steels ⼑线Decating mark 布头纬向皱横Duvet ⼩环结Fag 粗粒Facing 拖浆、罩⾊（印花疵点）Felter 跳花、跳纱harness skip跳花、跳纱Gout 飞花织⼊Loom fly飞花织⼊Hard size 浆斑Joining stencil mark搭头印（⼿⼯印花疵点）Keel 红印⾊Marking off 搭⾊Mildew 霉、⽣霉Minor defects 普通瑕疵、中类Major defects次要瑕疵、⼤类Super major defects 主要瑕疵、特⼤类Mispick 错纬Weaving under 花纹少织（多梭箱织机的换纬运动不良造成）Starch lump 浆斑Start-up marks 开车痕Stripy defects 条花疵点Reed mark 筘痕Shuttle mark 局部纹路不明（主要由于开⼝运动或投梭失常所致）Snap/snappers 拖浆Stain warp 渍经Staining 斑点染⾊、染斑vv。

Lesson OneCotton GrowingCotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.Until relatively recent times, however, cotton was not as widely used as wool and linen. This was because it was easier to spin wool or flax into yam because of their greater length. In addition, cotton fibers have to be separated from the seeds to which they cling. This procedure was very tedious and time-consuming when done by hand. Early machinery could be used on only the longest staple cotton. So labor costs tended to be very high.The invention of the saw-type cotton gin made possible the exploitation of the short staple fiber, which thrived in the Carolinas and Virginia of the United States. The dramatic increase in productivity, coupled with the low cost of labor in the southern United States, gave cotton a continually expanding portion of the world textile market. Increasing mechanization of fiber and yarn production helped keep the cost of cotton goods low. The, development of the textile machinery enlarged the production base.Cotton cultivation requires warm climates with a high level of moisture or irrigation. The growing season is from six to seven months long. During this period the seeds sprout and grow, producing a white blossom in about 100 days. The blossom produces a seed pod, which matures during the next two months. When the pod bursts, the cotton fibers are ready for picking.Before yam manufacture, cotton is graded, sorted, and blended to insure uniform yam quality. Cotton is graded on the basis of color, staple length, fineness, and freedom from foreign matter. In the United States, cottons are divided into grades according to length of staple, uniformity, strength, color, cleanness and flexibility. These are compared with a standard supplied by the United States Department of Agriculture. The standard provides 6 grades above and 6 grades below the Middling grade. The most common grades are:(1) Strict good middling.(2) Good middling.(3) Strict middling.(4) Middling.(5) Strict low middling(6) Low middling.(7) Strict good ordinary.The cotton fiber may be from 0.3 to 5.5 cm long. Under the microscope it appears as a ribbon like structure that is twisted at irregular intervals along its length. The twists, called convolutions, increase the fiber-to-fiber friction necessary to secure a strong spun yarn. The fiber ranges in color from a yellowish to pure white, and may be very lustrous. However, most cotton dull.A cross-sectional view reveals that the fiber is kidney-shaped with central hollow core known as the lumen. The lumen provides a channel for nutrients while the plant is growing. The fiber consists of an outer shell, or cuticle, which surrounds the primary wall. The primary wall, in turn, covers the secondary wall surrounding the lumen. The cuticle is a thin, hard shell which protects the fiber from bruising and damage during growth. In use as a textile fiber, the cuticle provides abrasion resistance to cotton.Lesson TwoCotton Properties and UsesA relatively high level of moisture absorption and good wicking properties help make cotton one of the more comfortable fibers. Because of the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, cotton has a high attraction for water. As water enters the fiber, cotton swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. The high affinity for moisture and the ability to swell when wet allow cotton to absorb about one-fourth of its weight in water. This means that in hot weather perspiration from the body will be absorbed in cotton fabrics, transported along the yarns to the outer surface of the cloth and evaporated into the air. Thus, the body will be aided in maintaining its temperature.Unfortunately, the hydrophilic nature of cotton makes it susceptible to water-borne stains. Water-soluble colorants such as those in coffee or grape juice will penetrate the fiber along with the water; when the water evaporates, the colorant is trapped in the fiber. Perhaps the major disadvantage to cotton goods is their tendency to wrinkle and the difficulty of removing wrinkles. The rigidity of cotton fiber reduces the ability of yarns to resist wrinkling. When the fibers are bent to a new configuration, the hydrogen bonds which hold the cellulose chains together are ruptured and the molecules slide in order to minimize the stress within the fiber. The hydrogen bonds reform in the new positions, so that when the crushing force is removed the fibers stay in the new positions. It is the rupture and reformation of the hydrogen bonds that helps to maintain wrinkles, so that cotton goods must be ironed.Cotton is a moderately strong fiber with good abrasion resistance and good dimensional stability. It is resistant to the acids, alkalies, and organic solvents normally available to consumers. But since it is a natural material, it is subject to attack by insects, molds and fungus. Most prominent is the tendency for cotton to mildew if allowed to remain damp.Cotton resists sunlight and heat well, although direct exposure to constant strong sunlight will cause yellowing and eventual degradation of the fiber. Yellowing may also occur when cotton goods are dried in gas dryers. The color change is the result of a chemical reaction between cellulose and oxygen or nitrogen oxides in the hot air in the dryer. Cottons will retain their whiteness longer when line-dried or dried in the electric dryer.Of major interest is the fact that cotton yarn is stronger when wet than when dry. This property is a consequence of the macro-and micro-structural features of the fiber. As water is absorbed, the fiber swells and its cross section becomes more rounded. Usually the absorption of such a large amount of foreign material would cause a high degree of internal stress and lead to weakening of the fiber. In cotton, however, the absorption of water causes a decrease in the internal stresses. Thus, with less internal stresses to overcome, the swollen fiber becomes stronger. At the same time, the swollen fibers within the yarns press upon each other more strongly. The internal friction strengthens the yarns. In addition, the absorbed water acts as an internal lubricant which imparts a higher level of flexibility to the fibers. This accounts for the fact that cotton garments are more easily ironed when damp. Cotton fabrics are susceptible to shrinkage upon laundering.Perhaps more than any other fiber, cotton satisfies the requirements of apparel, home furnishings, recreational, and industrial uses. It provides fabrics that are strong, lightweight, pliable, easily dried, and readily laundered. In apparel, cotton provides garments that are comfortable, readily dried in bright, long-lasting colors, and easy to care for. The major drawbacks are a propensity for cotton yams to shrink and for cotton cloth to wrinkle. Shrinkage may be controlled by the application of shrink-resistant finishes. Durable-press properties may be imparted by chemical treatment or by blending cotton with more wrinkle-resistant fibers, such as polyester.In home furnishings, cotton serves in durable, general-service fabrics. Although they may lack the formal appearance of materials made from other fibers, cotton goods provide a comfortable, homey environment. Cottonfabrics have been the mainstay of bed linens and towels for decades, because they are comfortable, durable, and moisture-absorbent. Polyester/cotton blends provide the modern consumer with no-iron sheets and pillowcases that retain a crisp, fresh feel.For recreational use, cotton has traditionally been used for tenting and camping gear, boat sails, tennis shoes and sportswear. Cotton is particularly well-suited for tent. A tent fabric must be able to "breath", so that the occupants are not smothered in their own carbon dioxide. Furthermore, exchange of air with the outside atmosphere reduces the humidity within the tent and keeps it from becoming stuffy. Fabrics woven from cotton can be open enough to provide good air permeability for comfort. Tents should also shed water, when wet by rain, cotton yarns swell, reducing the interstices between the yarns and resisting the penetration of water. Today, however, heavy canvas gear is being supplanted by light-weight nylon in tenting equipment.Cotton cord, twine and ropes are used in industry to bind, hold, and lash all kinds of things, from bales to boats. Cotton yarns are used to reinforce belts on drive motors and in work clothing.Lesson FourWoolThe early history of wool is lost in antiquity. Sheepskin, including the hair, was probably used long before it was discovered that the fibers could be spun into yarns or even felted into fabric. There is no evidence to support the theory that wool was the first fiber to be processed into fabric, but it seems certain that, as a part of the skin, wool was used for covering and protection by prehistoric peoples long before yarns and fabrics were made.The earliest fragments of wool fabric have been found in Egypt, probably because of the preserving qualities of the climate. These have been dated from 4000 to 3500 B C. The earliest example of wool fabric found in Europe has been dated about 1500 B C; it was unearthed in archeological digs in Germany. Danish sites have yielded excellent fragments of early wool fabrics dated about 1300 to 1000 BC. These fabrics are rough and coarse and contain considerable wild sheep hair.Wool is a natural fiber of animal origin. Though vegetable fibers were probably the first to be used for spinning and weaving into cloth, animal fibers in the form of skins were the earliest type of clothing worn by man.There are indications that, as early as the seventh century BC, people began to sell and buy woolen goods. The supply of wool available to the world every year amounts to about 5000 million pounds. After scouring, this is reduced to about 3000 million pounds of pure wool. The wool crop is insufficient to meet the world needs. Pure wool is often mixed with other type fibers and recovered wool to meet the demand.The qualities of different wools vary greatly. The merino sheep of Australia, South America and South Africa produce very free and soft wool. The quality of wool from these sources depends upon the conditions and heritage of the sheep. Port Philip wool is the finest in Australia and is used to produce the highest quality woolen and worsted fabrics.Wool from South Africa is very wavy with a good white color and is used for good quality worsted and woolen goods. South American wool is usually of lower quality than wool from Australia or South Africa. Merino wool has been successfully raised in Germany, France, Spain and the United States and is of high quality.To provide the freest-quality wool, production is scientifically controlled. Sheep are inoculated against disease, dipped in chemicals to protect them against insects, and unless on rangeland, fed diet designed to produce healthy animals.Wool can be sheared from the living animal or pulled from the hide after the animal has been slaughtered for its meat. Sheared wool is called fleece or clip wool and is quality to pulled wool, which is taken from the hides of slaughtered sheep Wool considered superiorShearing is currently done very rapidly with power shears. A good worker can completely shear a sheep in less than one minute, sometimes as short as 20 seconds. Recent developments in Australia have led to a process called chemical or biological shearing. The animal is fed a chemical similar to that used in the treatment of cancer, which cause the hair to fall out within two weeks. Within very short time following the loss of the hair, it starts to grow again, and the sheep suffer no damage. Fibers obtained in this way are slightly longer than those sheared from the animal, and there appears to be less physical damage to the fibers.Usually shearing is done once a year in the early spring, and the fleece is removed in one piece, rolled, packed into bags, and shipped to the nearest processing center. Pulled wool is removed from the hide by one of two methods. It may be treated with a depilatory that loosens the fiber and permits it to be pulled away from the skin without damaging the hide, or it Can be loosened by the action of bacteria on the root end of the fiber. Pulled wool is usually mixed with fleece or clip wool before processing into yarns and fabrics.Preliminary grading of wool fibers is done while they are still in the fleece, because this step is important in determining cost. Factors used in determining the grade of wool include fiber fineness or diameter and length, the age of the animal, the natural color, the breed of the sheep, and the condition under which the animal lived. After grading, fleeces are shipped to the mill, where they are prepared for further processing into yarns and fabrics.Wool is attacked by hot sulfuric acid and decomposes completely. most other mineral acids of all strengths. Wool will dissolve in caustic soda solutions that would have little effect on cotton.Lesson FiveStructure and Properties of WoolUnder the microscopic observation, the length of the wool fiber shows a scale structure. The size of the scale varies from very small to comparatively broad and large. As many as 700 scales are found in 1 cm of fine wool, whereas coarse wool may have as few as 275 per cm. Fine wool does not have as clear and distinct scales as coarse wool, but they can be identified under high magnification.A cross section of wool shows three distinct parts to the fiber. The outer layer, called cuticle, is composed of the scales. These scales are somewhat horny and irregular in shape, and they overlap, with the top pointing towards the tip of the fiber; they are similar to fish scales. The major portion of the fiber is the cortex (composed of cortical cells ); this extends toward the center from the cuticle layer. Cortical cells are long and spindle-shaped and provide fiber strength and elasticity. The cortex accounts for approximately 90 percent of the fiber mass. In the center of the fiber is the medulla. The size of the medulla varies and in fine fibers may be invisible. This is the area through which food reached the fiber during growth, and it contains pigment that gives color to fibers.Wool fibers vary in length from 3.8 to about 38 cm. Most authorities have determined that fine wools are usually from 3.8 to 12.7 cm; medium wool from 6.4 to 15.2 cm; and long (coarse) wools from 12.7 to 38 cm.The width of wool also varies considerably. Fine fibers such as Merino have an average width of about 15 to 17 microns; whereas medium wool averages 24 to 34 microns and coarse wool about 40 microns. Some wool fibers are exceptionally stiff and coarse; these are called kemp and average about 70 microns in diameter.The wool fiber cross section may be nearly circular, but most wool fibers tend to be slightly elliptical or oval in shape. Wool fibers have a natural crimp, a built-in waviness. The crimp increases the elasticity and elongation properties of the fiber and also aids in yarn manufacturing. It is three-dimensional in character; in other words, it not only moves above and below a central axis but also moves to the right and left of the axis.There is some luster to wool fibers. Fine and medium wool tends to have more luster than very coarse fibers.Fibers with a high degree of luster are silky in appearance.The color of the natural wool fiber depends on the breed of sheep. Most wool, after scouring, is a yellowish-white or ivory color. Some fibers may be gray, black, tan or brown.The tenacity of wool is 1.0 to 1.7 grams per denier when dry; when wet, it drops to 0.7 to 1.5 g/d. Compared with many other fibers, wool is weak, and this weakness restricts the kinds of yarns and fabric constructions that can be used satisfactorily. However, if yarns and fabrics of optimum weight and type are produced, the end-use product will give commendable wear and retain shape and appearance. Fiber properties such as resiliency, elongation, and elastic recovery compensate for the low strength.Wool has excellent elasticity and extensibility. At standard conditions the fiber will extend between 20 and 40 percent. It may extend more than 70 percent when wet. Recovery is superior. After a 2 percent elongation the fiber has an immediate regain or recovery of 99 percent. Even at 10 percent extension, it has a recovery of well over 50 percent, which is higher than for any other fiber except nylon.The resiliency of wool is exceptionally good. It will readily spring back into shape after crushing or creasing. However, through the application of heat, moisture and pressure, durable creases or pleats can be put into wool fabrics. This crease or press retention is the result of molecular adjustment and the formation of new cross-linkages in the polymer. Besides resistance to crushing and wrinkling, the excellent resilience of wool fiber gives the fabric its loft, which produces open, porous fabrics with good covering power, or thick, warm fabrics that are light in weight. Wool is very flexible and pliable, so it combines ease of handling and comfort with good shape retention.The standard moisture regain of wool is 13.6 to 16.0 percent. Under saturation conditions, wool will absorb more than 29 percent of its weight in moisture. This ability to absorb is responsible for the comfort of wool in humid, cold atmospheres. As part of the moisture absorption function, wool produces or liberates heat. However, as wet wool begins to dry, the evaporation causes heat to be absorbed by the fiber, and "chilling" may be experienced, though the chilling factor is slowed down as the evaporation rate is reduced. The property of moisture absorption and desorption peculiar to wool and similar hair fibers is called hygroscopic behavior. Wool accepts colors and finishes easily because of its moisture absorption properties.Despite the absorption properties of wool, it has an unusual property of exhibiting hydrophobic characteristics. That is, it tends to shed liquid easily and appears not to absorb moisture. The cause is a combination of factors: interfacial surface tension, uniform distribution of pores, and low bulk density. These moisture properties help make wool very desirable for use in a variety of situations where moisture can be a problem to comfort.Wool fibers are not dimensionally stable. The structure of the fiber contributes to a shrinking and felting reaction during processing, use and care. This is due, in part, to the scale structure of the fiber. When subjected to heat, moisture, and agitation, the scales tend to pull together and move toward the fiber tip. This property is noticeable in yarns and fabrics and is responsible for both felting and relaxation shrinkage.Lesson SixSilkFor approximately 3000 years China successfully held the secret of silk and sericulture and held a virtual monopoly on the silk industry. About AD 300 Japan learned the secret of raising silkworms and reeling the filaments from the cocoons.Throughout history, silk has maintained a position of great prestige and is considered a luxury fiber. It is often called the "queen of fibers" Perhaps one of the most important contributions silk has made in the history of textiles isthat it was responsible for investigation into the possible production of man-made fibers. Scientists observed how the silkworm spun the fibers and believed that people could duplicate the art.Silk is one of the strongest natural fibers used in creating textile products. It has a tenacity of 2.4 to 5.1 grams per denier when dry. Wet strength is about 80 to 85 percent of the dry strength. Silk has good elasticity and moderate elongation, when it is dry, the elongation varies from 10 to25 percent; when wet, silk will elongate as much as 33 to 35 percent. At 2 percent elongation the fiber has a 92 percent elastic recovery.Silk has medium resiliency. Creases will hang out relatively well, but not so quickly or completely as for wool.The density of specific gravity of silk is cited as 1.25 to 1.34 grams per cubic centimeter, depending on the resource used. Because of the nature of silk, it is possible that the density varies among fibers as well as between the various types of moths that form the fiber. Another source of variation may be due to methods used in determining density. In any case, the density results in the formation of lightweight but strong filaments, yarns and fabrics.Silk has a relatively high standard moisture regain of 11 percent. At saturation the regain is 25 to 35 percent. This relatively high absorption is helpful in applying dyes and finishes to silk; however, unlike many fibers, silk also absorbs impurities such as metal salts. These contaminants tend to damage silk by weakening the fiber or causing actual ruptures to occur when the fabric is not handled properly.Silk will ignite and continue to burn when there is another source of flame. After removal from the source, it will sputter and eventually extinguish itself. It leaves a crisp, brittle ash and gives off an order like that of burning hair or feathers. It burns similarly to wool.Like other protein fibers, silk has a lower thermal or heat conductivity than cellulosic fibers. This factor, coupled with certain methods of construction, creates fabrics that tend to be warmer than comparable fabrics of cellulosic fibers.Silk is damaged by strong alkalies and will dissolve in heated caustic soda ( NaOH ); however, silk reacts more slowly than wool, and frequently the identity of the two fibers can be determined by the speed of solubility in NaOH. Weak alkalies such as soap and ammonia cause little or no damage to silk unless they remain in contact with the fiber for a long time.Silk protein, like wool, can be decomposed by strong mineral acids. Medium concentrations of hydrochloric acid will dissolve silk, and moderate concentrations of other mineral acids cause fiber contraction and shrinkage, The molecular arrangement in silk permits rapid absorption of acids but tends to hold the acid molecules, so they are difficult to remove. This accounts for some of the acid damage to fibroin that does not occur to keratin. Organic acids do not damage silk and are used in some finishing processes. Some authorities maintain that the scroop of silk—a rustling or crunching sound which used to be considered a natural characteristic, is actually developed by exposure to organic acids.Silk has been the queen of fabrics for centuries. As in the past, it is still used for luxury fabrics and for high-fashion items. It is frequently considered to be a sensuous fabric because of its smooth and soft feel, or hand.Dry cleaning is the preferred method of care for silk fabrics and products. If handled carefully, however, silk fabrics can be laundered. A mild soap or synthetic detergent in warm, not hot, water should be used, and minimal handling is recommended. Thorough rinsing is required, and the best method for extracting water is to roll the garment in a towel and then hang it in a cool place, out of the sun, to dry. Tumble drying should not be attempted unless a care label specifies that such procedures are acceptable. Silk should be ironed or pressed at medium to low temperatures; steam is acceptable.When silk requires bleaching, hydrogen peroxide or perborate bleaches must be used, as chlorine bleaches may destroy the silk.One problem with silk is that body perspiration tends to weaken the fibers and frequently will alter the color. Many deodorants and antiperspirants contain aluminum chloride, which damage silk. It is advisable to wear protective dress shields if perspiration is a serious problem.Several factors are involved in the demand for silk. It offers an incredible variety in fabric and yarn structure. Through dyeing, many beautiful fabrics can be produced. Probably no other fiber is so widely accepted and suitable for various occasions. It is versatile and can be used in almost any type of apparel and in a wide variety of fabrics for home furnishings.Many silk fabrics cost considerably more than similar fabrics for man-made fibers. However, the consumer who has formed an attachment to silk is willing to pay the high price. Because silk combines strength, flexibility, good moisture absorbency, softness, warmth, luxurious appearance, and durability, choice products for the discerning consumer are made of this fiber. Its use, however, is limited primarily to apparel and home furnishings such as draperies and accessories.Lesson SevenFlaxFlax is a bast fiber——a woody fiber obtained from the phloem plants. It derives from the stalk or stem of the plant. The flax plant requires a temperate climate with generally cloudy skies and adequate moisture. Bright sunlight and high temperatures are damaging unless alternated with abundant rainfall. Flaxseed is planted in April or May. When the crop is to be used for fiber, the seed is sown close together so that the plants will be closely packed and produce fine plants with long, thin stems. The plants grow to a height of 0.9 to 1.2 meters for fiber use. The blossoms are a delicate pale blue, white, or pink. Flax for fiber is pulled before the seeds are ripe.Flax for fiber is pulled by hand in some countries or by mechanical pullers. It is important to keep the roots intact, as fibers extend below the ground surface. Harvesting occurs in late August when the plant is a brown color. After drying, the plant is ripped; that is, it is pulled through special threshing machines that remove the seed bolls or pods.To obtain fibers from the stalk, the outer woody portion must be rotted away. This process, known as retting, can be accomplished by any of several procedures.Dew retting involves the spreading of the flax on the ground, where it is exposed to the action of dew and sunlight. This natural method of retting gives uneven results but provides the strongest and most durable linen. It requires a period of 4 to 6 weeks.Pool retting is a process whereby the flax is packed in sheaves and immersed in pools of stagnant water. Bacteria in the water rot away the outer stalk covering. The time required is 2 to 4 weeks.Tank retting similar to pool retting, utilizes large tanks in which the flax is stacked. The tanks are filled with warm water, which increases the speed of bacterial action. Tank retting requires only a few days. Both pool and tank retting give good-quality flax that is uniform in strength and light in color.Chemical retting is accomplished by stacking the flax in tanks, filling the tanks with water, and adding chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or dilute sulfuric acid. Chemical retting can be completed in a matter of hours instead of days or weeks. However, it must be carefully controlled in order to prevent damage to the fiber.After the retting is complete, the flax is rinsed and dried. The stalks are then bundled together and pressed between fluted rollers that break the outer woody covering into small particles. It is then scutched to separate the outer covering from the usable fiber.After scutching, the flax fibers are hackled, or combed. This operation separates the short fibers, called tow, from the long fibers, called line. This is accomplished by drawing the fibers between several sets of pins, each successive set finer than the preceding set. This process is similar to the carding and combing operation used for cotton and prepares the flax fibers for the final steps in yarn manufacture. As the fibers are removed from the hackling machine, they are drawn out into a sliver.The flax sliver is drawn out into yarn, and twist is imparted. Flax fibers are spun either dry or wet, but wet spinning is considered to give the best quality yarn. The final yarn processing is similar to that used for cotton fiber.Flax fiber is not so fine as cotton; flax cells have an average diameter of 15 to 18 microns and vary in length from 0.63 to 6.35 cm. Bundles of cells form the actual fiber as it is used in spinning into yarns, and these bundles may be anywhere from 12.7 to 50.8 cm long. Line fibers are usually more than 30.5 cm long; tow fibers are shorter.The natural color of flax varies from light to ivory to gray. The choice fibers from Belgium are a pale sandy color and require little or no bleaching.Flax fibers have a high natural luster with an attractive sheen.。

纺织专业英语部分课文英汉对照翻译.doc目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植 (1)02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途 (2)04课Wool羊毛 (5)05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能 (7)06课Silk丝绸 (10)07课Flax亚麻 (13)09课Rayon人造丝 (16)12课YARNS (19)13课纱线结构和织物外观的关系 (20)21课精纺和粗纺 (22)25课络纱 (23)27课整经 (26)33 课织机 (34)40课蓬勃发展的非织造布 (43)49课染色 (48)第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。

它的流行源于它的生产及其在纺织产品广泛适用性相对容易。

棉纱价格，然而，强烈地依赖于劳动力成本，因此，在工业化的国家，那里的劳动力昂贵，棉纱可能相对较高的价格。

Until relatively recent times, however, cotton was not as widely used as wool and linen. This was because it was easier to spin wool or flax into yam because of their greater length. In addition, cotton fibers have to be separated fromthe seeds to which they cling. This procedure was very tedious and time-consuming when done by hand. Early machinery could be used on only the longest staple cotton. So labor costs tended to be very high.直到最近，然而，棉花是没有广泛用作羊毛和亚麻布。

Lesson Nine九课Rayon人造丝Rayon is composed of cellulose. Like cotton it is a polymer. The difference in degree of polymerization between cotton and rayon accounts for some of the variance in physical properties between the two.粘胶纤维是由纤维素。

像棉花是一种聚合物。

对于一些在两个物理性能之间的差异在棉花和人造丝的帐户之间的聚合程度的差异。

Other causes for the difference between rayon and cotton include the difference in the degree of crystallinity, 60 percent for cotton and 40 percent for rayon, and differences in hydrogen bonding as evidenced by the infrared spectrum of native cellulose and regenerated cellulose.人造纤维和棉之间的差异的其他原因包括在不同的结晶度，为棉花和人造丝百分之40百分之60，和氢键的差异证明了天然纤维素的红外光谱和再生纤维素。

The mechanisms of formation for natural celluloses are significantly different from man's ability to reform cellulosic structures found in nature. Rayon is structurally different from cotton molecularly, morphologically, and in relation to chain length. Contaminants of various types from the pulp and other materials used in the process introduce significant differences to rayon that are not present in cotton. These differences result in significant differences in properties between cotton and rayon. As a consequence of the technological developments for regeneration of cellulose by man, a much wider range of fiber properties is obtainable from the man-made regenerated cellulose fibers than is possible from native celluloses such as cotton.对天然纤维素的形成机制是人类进行改革的能力在自然界中发现的纤维素结构差异显著。

纺织英语第三版翻译课文翻译12.纱线纺纱是制造纱线最原始的方法。

纺纱过程要求一束短纤维排成一线，将他们拉入一对罗拉中，例如粗纱，继续拉伸并加捻粗纱形成纱线。

细纱工序的产品是一束具有一定强度和挠曲性的加捻纤维集合体。

纱线比其包含的纤维的联合强度要大，因为纤维通过联合作用共同承担外界负荷。

单根纱线可能被放在一起加捻以形成更高强力的纱线。

这些合股线可能被一次又一次的合股以形成更厚重强力更大的粗绳索。

这些粗绳可能被加上S捻，也可能被加上Z捻。

S捻的纱线中的纤维成螺旋状并与字母S中间的斜杠平行。

在Z捻的纱线中，纤维与字母Z中间的斜杠平行。

纱线通常因为太细使得肉眼很难识别其捻向。

然而，当你用左手竖直的拿着一小段纱线，再用右手的拇指和食指夹住纱线的另一头，一边向上拉，一边旋转，这时你就可以测出它的捻向了。

如果你用右手顺时针的旋转它，S捻的纱线会越变越紧，Z 捻的纱线会越变越松。

加捻的方向不会影响纱线的外观。

然而，人们习惯性的生产棉和亚麻纱线时用Z捻，生产羊毛和精纺毛料纱线时用S捻。

这种习俗起源于中世纪的消费者保护法;消费者可以仅仅通过退捻纱线，检查纱线捻向，从而轻易地确定布料是否是真正的羊毛所制。

当纱线被加捻的时候，在捻度的方向上也会相应地形成内应力。

这种力被称为扭转力。

通常，纱线每转一圈，都会增加相同的扭转力，所以每米具有相同转数的纱线就会具有相同的扭转力。

既然扭转力和每米纱线所具有的转数(tpm)近似成正比，因此我们通过数出纱线每米的转数来说明平衡纱线和非平衡纱线的形成原理。

以一对200tpm的S捻向的单纱为例。

用另外的100tpm的S捻将两个单纱加捻到一起。

每根单纱的内部扭转力就达到了300tpm，然而合股线在S捻方向上的扭转力是100tpm。

这时纱线则不平衡，将会形成卷曲。

如果给相同的两根单纱加上Z方向上100tpm的捻度使它们合成一股时，逆时针方向的加捻则会使单根纱线易于解开，使其在S捻向上的内部扭转力降到100。

目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植................................................................................................. 02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途.................................................................. 04课Wool羊毛 ........................................................................................................................... 05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能 .................................................. 06课Silk丝绸........................................................................................................................... 07课Flax亚麻........................................................................................................................ 09课Rayon人造丝 ................................................................................................................... 12课YARNS.............................................................................................................................. 13课? ?纱线结构和织物外观的关系 ........................................................................................ 21课精纺和粗纺....................................................................................................................... 25课络纱................................................................................................................................... 27课整经...................................................................................................................................33 课织机.................................................................................................................................. 40课蓬勃发展的非织造布..................................................................................................... 49课染色.................................................................................................................................第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。

纺织英语第三版1~19课课后单词总结# 泛读Lesson One Cotton Growing棉纤维的性能和用途cotton [ 'kɒtn ]棉fiber [ 'faibə ]纤维stem [ stem ]起源于textile [ 'tekˌstail ]纺织yarn [jɑ:n] 纱线wool [ wul ]羊毛linen [ 'linən ]亚麻（布）spin（spun，spun）[ spin ]纺纱；纺丝flax [ flæks ]亚麻（纤维）staple [ 'steipl ]短纤维gin [ dʒin ]轧花机sprout [ spraut发芽blossom [ 'blɒsəm ]花pod [ pɒd ]豆荚picking [ 'pikiŋ ]采摘convolution [ ˌkɒnvə∫n]扭曲spun yarn 短纤维纱线lumen ['lu:men]腔cuticle [ˈkju:tɪkl]表皮primary wall [ 'praiˌmeri, 'praiməri ] 初生胞壁secondary wall 次生胞壁第二课Lesson Two Cotton Properties and Uses棉的性能和使用Wicking ['wɪkɪŋ]芯吸water-borne stains 水基污染Hydroxyl groups [haɪ'drɒksɪl] [ɡru:ps]羟基colorant [ˈkʌlərənt]颜料，染料Cellulose [ˈseljuləʊs]纤维素hydrogen bond [ˈhaɪdrədʒən] [bɒnd氢键Fabric [ˈfæbrɪk]织物stress 应力Hydrophilic [ˌhaɪdrə'fɪlɪk]亲水的iron [ˈaɪən]熨烫Hydrophobic [ˌhaɪdrə'fəʊbɪk]疏水的moderately [ˈmɒdərətli]中等的Susceptible [səˈseptəbl]敏感的polyester [ˌpɒlɪ'estə(r)]涤纶Organic solvent 有机溶剂homey 家庭般的Mold 霉菌mainstay [ˈmeɪnsteɪ]主要力量Fungus 真菌no-iron 免烫Prominent 突出的，显著地pillowcase枕套Mildew 发霉crisp 挺爽Degradation 降解smother 窒息Gas dryer 煤气烘干机stuff 闷热的，窒息的Impart 给予interstice 空隙Flexibility 挠性canvas gear 帆布用具Apparel 服装supplant 取代，替代Home furnishings 家居装饰cord 绳索Recreational 休闲的twine 细绳Pliable 柔顺的lash 捆绑Garment 服装bale 大包Shrink-resistant finish 防缩整理Blending 混纺# 泛Lesson Three Properties of the Naturally Colored Cottons 天然彩棉的性质disposal [ di'spəuzl ]处理，排放drainage [ 'dreinidʒ ]污水mercerize ['mɜ:səraɪz]丝光处理pesticide [ 'pestiˌsaid ]杀虫剂weed killer [wi:d]除草剂deposit [ di'pɒzit ]存留，囤积organic fertilizer [ɔ:ˈgænɪk] [ˈfɜ:təlaɪzə(r)]有机肥environmentally friendly 环境友好地breed 育种，品种color intensity [ in'tensəti ]颜色强度plantation [ plæn'tei∫n ]农场lignin [ 'lignin ]木质素pectin [ 'pektin ]果胶hydrophobic [ ˌhaidrə'fəubik]疏水的deteriorate [dɪˈtɪəriəreɪt]损害hue [hju:]色彩# 泛Lesson Four Wool 羊毛antiquity [ æn'tikwəti ]古代felt [ felt ]毡，制毡prehistoric 史前的weave [wi:v]机织，织造；做名woolen goods 粗纺毛织物scouring [ skaur ]洗毛merino sheep [məˈri:nəʊ]美利奴羊worsted fabric [ˈwʊstɪd]精纺毛织物wavy [ 'weivi ]卷曲的inoculate [ i'nɒkjəˌleit ]给接种，给注射rangeland [ 'reindʒˌlænd ]放牧场fleece [fli:s]套毛clip wool [ klip ]套毛pulled wool [ pul ]皮板毛depilatory [dɪˈpɪlətri]脱毛剂preliminary grading [ˈgreɪdɪŋ]预分等，初级分等mill [mɪl]纺织厂decompose [ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz]分解mineral acid [ˈmɪnərəl]无机酸Lesson Five Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛的结构和性能microscopic 显微镜的commmendable值得赞扬的scale 鳞片regain恢复magnification 放大倍数crushing挤压horny角状的durable crease耐久皱褶cuticle角质层Pleat皱褶打褶cortex角质皮质cross- linkage交键cortical cell角质细胞皮质细胞poiymer高聚物medulla毛髓loft蓬松的高雅的authoraty权威机构上级机关moisture regain回潮率pigment颜料染料covering power覆盖系数micron微米desportion水分释放kemp死毛hygroscopic吸湿的elliptical椭圆形的finish织物的整理oval卵形的椭圆形的interfacial界面的felting毡化silky像蚕丝一样的yellowish-white稍微发黄的白色# 精Lesson Six Silk 丝sericulture ['serɪˌkʌltʃə]养蚕业，蚕丝业AD 公元silkworm [ˈsɪlkwɜ:m]蚕reeling ['ri:lɪŋ]缫丝，络丝cocoon [kəˈku:n]蚕茧prestige [pre'sti:ʒ]声望；名声luxury [ˈlʌkʃəri]华贵的queen of fiber 纤维皇后denier [ˈdeniə(r)]旦尼尔specific gravity 相对密度moth [mɒθ] 蛾metal salts [ˈmetl]金属盐；无机盐sputter [ˈspʌtə(r)]噼啪爆响cellulosic fiber [seljʊ'ləʊsɪk] 纤维素纤维solubility [ˌsɒljʊ'bɪlətɪ] 溶解性ammonia [əˈməʊniə] 氨水concentration [ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn] 浓度fibroin ['faɪbrəʊɪn]丝心蛋白keratin [ˈkerətɪn]角蛋白scroop [skru:p]丝鸣# 精Lesson seven Flax亚麻bast fiber [bæst]韧皮纤维woody [ˈwʊdi]木质的phloem [ˈfləʊem]韧皮stalk [stɔ:k]茎stem [stem]茎，针杆temperate [ˈtempərət]温和的intact [ɪnˈtækt]未经触动的rip [rɪp]剥boll [bəʊl]植物的铃rot 腐烂retting ['retɪŋ]沤麻dew retting [dju:]露水沤麻pool retting 池塘沤麻sheaves [ʃi:vz] sheaf的复数形式捆，束stagnant [ˈstægnənt]不流动的，污浊的bacteria[bækˈtɪəriə] bacterium的复数形式细菌tank retting 池浸沤麻sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠sodium carbonate [ˈsəʊdiəm [ˈkɑ:bəneɪt]碳酸钠dilute sulfuric acid 稀硫酸fluted roller 沟槽罗拉scutch [skɒtʃ]打麻hackle ['hækl]梳麻comb [kəʊm] 梳理（精梳）tow [təʊ] 短纤维，短麻，落纤line [laɪn]长纤维，长麻sliver [ˈslɪvə(r)] 条子，棉条，毛条，纤维条carding ['kɑ:dɪŋ]梳理（粗梳）choice fiber 上等纤维sheen [ʃi:n] 光彩，光泽resin finish [ˈrezɪn]树脂整理easy care [ʃi:n]免烫，洗可穿serviceability [sɜ:vɪsə'bɪlɪtɪ]耐用性能wicking property 芯吸效应discoloration [disˌkʌləˈreiʃən]脱色beetling finish ['bi:tlɪŋ]捶布整理laundry aids [ˈlɔ:ndri] 洗涤剂aging 老化durable-press 耐久压烫，耐久定形，免烫整理，DP整理# 泛Lesson Eight Other Bast Fibers其他韧皮纤维jute [dʒu:t]黄麻burlap [ˈbɜ:læp]粗麻布hessian [ 'he∫n ]打包麻布grayish color [ˈgreɪɪʃ]泛灰的颜色fibrous [ˈfaɪbrəs]纤维状的gummy [ 'gʌmi ]黏稠的beige [ beiʒ ]米色microorganism [ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm]微生物bagging ['bægɪŋ]打包布，马岱布carpet backing [ˈkɑ:pɪt]地毯底布，地毯背衬taping [teɪpɪŋ] 贴边linoleum [lɪˈnəʊliəm]漆布olefine ['əʊləfɪn]烯烃labor-intensive [ˈleibəinˈtensiv]劳动密集型ramie ['ræmɪ] 苎麻nettle [ˈnetl]荨麻family [ˈfæməli]（植物的）科，类perennial [pəˈreniəl]多年生的shrub [ʃrʌb] 灌木necessitate 需要degum [nəˈsesɪteɪt]脱胶pectin [ˈpektɪn]果胶neutralize [ˈnju:trəlaɪz]中和crystallinity [,kristə'linəti]结晶度accessibility [əkˌsesə'bɪlətɪ]可及杜nonfibrous [nɒn'ferəs]非纤维状的hemp [hemp]大麻deplete [dɪˈpli:t]耗尽nutrient [ˈnju:triənt]营养的，营养品stripping 搏麻drawing [ˈdrɔ:ɪŋ]牵伸cordage ['kɔ:dɪdʒ]绳索sacking [ˈsækɪŋ]麻第九课Lesson Nine Rayon 人造丝Rayon黏胶，人造纤维Degree of polymerization聚合度Degree of crystallinity结晶度Infrared spectrum红外光谱Native cellulose天然纤维Regenerated cellulose再生纤维素Mechanism机理Morphologically形态方面的Contaminant污染物Pulp浆粕Molecular orientation分子取向Viscose黏胶Mode方式Amorphous area非结晶区Dyeability染色性能Striation条纹Delustered消光的Bilobal双叶形的High wet-modulus高湿模量Off round偏离圆形Cuprammonium rayon铜氨人造丝Surgical外科用Wipe擦试用品Limp松软Textured yarn变形纱Acrylic腈纶Reactant反应物Starch淀粉Softener柔软剂Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Peroxide bleach过氧化物漂白剂Dyestuff 染料第十课Lesson Ten Polyester Fibers聚酯纤维DuPont 杜邦公司polyamide 聚酰胺纤维ICI（Imperial Chemical Industries Limited）英国帝国化学工业公司Dacron 大可纶drawing process 牵伸过程heat stabilization 热定型static electric charge 静电accentuate 强调，突出heat-set 热定形pilling 起球protective clothing 防护服fire hose 消防水管tire cord 轮胎帘子布per-capita 人均implant 移植allergenic 过敏的drip-dried 滴水晾干11课Lesson Eleven Fiber Identification纤维鉴定Qualitative identification 定性鉴别staining 沾污，沾色Tentativeiy 试验性地refractive index 折射率Verify 证实index of birefringence 双折射率Unravel 拆散X-ray diffraction machine X光衍射仪Forceps 镊子infrared spectrophotometer 红外分光光度计Residue 残渣chromatograph 色谱仪Fluffy 毛茸茸的polarizing microscope 偏振光显微镜Photomicrograph 显微镜照片12课Lesson Twelve Yarns 纱Align 排成一排Roving 粗纱Assembly 集合体Plied yarn 合股线Cable 粗绳索Hawser 缆Forefinger 食指Medieval 中世纪的Untwist 退捻Curl 卷曲Kink 扭结Weaver 织布工人，织造工作者Middle age 中世纪Yarn number 纱线细度Yarn count 纱线支数，纱线线密度Nomenclature 名称术语Hank 纱绞Spun-silk 绢丝Yarn size 纱线支数，纱线细度Tex 特克斯Lesson Thirteen Relationship between Yarn Structure and Fabric Performance 纱线结构和性能间的关系crimp 英[krɪmp] 卷曲scatter 英['skætə(r)] 消散Overtwist英['əʊvətwɪst]强捻ridge 英[rɪdʒ]凸棱concomitant英[kən'kɒmɪt(ə)nt]伴随的bulk 英[bʌlk]蓬松的tweed 英[twiːd]粗花呢jacket 英['dʒækɪt]夹克bulky 英['bʌlkɪ] 粗大的，肥壮的blouse 英['blaʊz] 女衬衫，罩衫barrier英['bærɪə]阻挡层sultry 英['sʌltrɪ] 闷热的clammy英['klæmɪ黏糊糊的hairiness ['hɛrɪnɪs] 毛羽shed soil 英[ʃed sɒɪl阻挡尘土snag 英[snæg] 钩丝unsightly 英[ʌn'saɪtlɪ]不雅观的texture 英['tekstʃ质地slick英[slɪk] 滑溜溜的fuzzy 英['fʌzɪ] 毛茸茸的pajamas 英[pə'dʒɑːməz] 睡衣Acetate fiber 英['æsɪteɪt 'faɪbɚ]醋酯纤维satin 英['sætɪn]经面缎纹highlight 英['haɪlaɪt重点突出lining英['laɪnɪŋ]衣服衬里disrobe 英[dɪs'rəʊb]脱衣diffuse英[dɪ'fjuːz] 扩散，漫射第十四课Lesson Fourteen Staple Fiber Spinning(1)短纤维纺纱opening 开松cleaning 除杂carton 纸板箱opener 开棉机，开松机blender 混棉机，混合机intermittent system 间歇式纺纱系统spike 置凸钉apron 皮圈，皮板输送带lattice 输送帘子hopper 料斗，棉箱conveyor belt 传送带picking unit 清棉装置picker 清棉机forced air 高压气流picker lap 清棉棉卷card unit 梳理机构ring-spun yarn 环锭纱tuft 簇，团carding frame 梳棉机，梳理机drawing frame 并条机wire card 钢丝梳棉机granular card 无盖板梳棉机，微粒梳棉机card clothing 针布wire flat 盖板tease 梳理cylinder 锡林，滚筒doff 落卷，落筒can 条筒combed yarn 精梳机carded 粗梳机breaker-drawing 头道并条15课Lesson Fifteen Staple Fiber Spinning(2) Roller 罗拉roving frame 粗纱机Lapper 成网机，成网机构attenuate 使变细Comber 精梳机bobbin筒管Finisher-drawing 末道并条spinning frame 细纱机Assemblage 集合体ring spinning 环锭纺纱Draft 牵伸spindle 锭子Traveler 钢丝圈single 单纱Ring 钢领，环状，环形物# 泛Lesson Sixteen Textured Yarn膨松纱slippery [ˈslɪpəri]滑溜溜的（但没有弹性）full 丰满的handle [ˈhændl]手感linear density [ˈlɪniə(r)] [ˈdensəti]线密度extensibility [ɪksˌtensə'bɪlɪtɪ]伸展性bending stiffness ['bendɪŋ] [stɪfnəs]弯曲刚度disposition [ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃn]布置thermosetting ['θɜ:məʊˌsetɪŋ]热定型kont-free 无结complement [ˈkɒmplɪment]补充cover factor 覆盖系数offset [ˈɒfset]抵消stretch yarn 弹力丝，弹力纱false twist [fɔ:ls] [twɪst]假捻bulked yarn [bʌlk]膨体纱carpet [ˈkɑ:pɪt] 地毯，毛毯hosiery [ˈhəʊziəri]针织品，袜类stuffer-box 填塞箱air-jet 气流Lesson Seventeen Open-end Spinning自由端纺纱open-end spinning自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱warping ['wɔ:pɪŋ]整经synonym [ˈsɪnənɪm] 同义词fiber migration纤维迁移break spinning 自由端纺纱，转杯纺纱technique 差异染色技术rotor spinning 转杯纺纱spinning 涡流纺纱sieve 筛网wash-and-wear 洗可穿rotor 纺纱杯# 泛Lesson Eighteen Some specially Formed Yarns特殊成纱friction spinning [ˈfrɪkʃn [ˈspɪnɪŋ]摩擦纺纱DREF spinning 德雷夫纺纱法，尘笼纺body 身骨self-twisted yarn 自捻纱selfil yarn 加长丝自捻纱twistless yarn 无捻纱core-spun yarn 包芯纱spandex ['spændeks氨纶，斯潘德克斯弹性纤维coverspun 包绕纺纱bicomponent ['bɪkəmp'əʊnənt]双组分supple [ˈsʌpl]柔软的# 泛Lesson Nineteen Stretch Yarns and Fabrics弹力丝和织物terminology [ˌtɜ:mɪˈnɒlədʒi]术语，专用名词elastomeric [ɪˌlæstə'merɪk]弹性的braid [breɪd]编织foundation garment [ˈgɑ:mənt]全帮，内衣surgical supplies [ˈsɜ:dʒɪkl] [səp'laɪz]外科手术用织物knife-edge 刀口back twisting 反向加捻cross-linking resin 交联树脂kinky ['kɪŋkɪ]纽结的springy [ˈsprɪŋi]有弹性的cellulose eater [ˈseljuləʊs] [ˈi:tə(r)]纤维素酯cellulose ether [ˈi:θə(r)]纤维素醚thermoplastic [ˌθɜ:məʊˈplæstɪk]热塑性的knotting ['nɒtɪŋ]打结，编结piece-goods stretch 匹布加弹slipcover ['slɪpˌkʌvə]家具套，沙发套therapeutic [ˌθerəˈpju:tɪk]治疗的support hose [səˈpɔ:t həuz]管状弹性绷带。

纺织英语(系列一) 纱线用英语纱线Yarns棉与其混纺纱线Cotton, Cotton Mixed & Blended Yarns 棉纱Cotton Yarns 涤棉纱T/C & CVC Yarns粘棉纱Cotton/Rayon Yarns棉晴纱Cotton/Acrylic Yarns棉/氨纶包芯纱Cotton/Spandex Yarns棉与其他混纺纱Cotton/Others Blended Yarns毛纺系列纱线Woollen Yarn Series羊绒纱Cashmere Yarn Series全羊毛纱Wool (100%) Yarns毛晴纱Wool/Acrylic Yarns毛涤纱Wool/Polyester Yarns毛粘纱Wool/Viscose Yarns毛/丝纱Wool/Silk Yarnss羊毛/其他Wool/Other Yarns兔毛纱Angora Yarns雪兰毛线Shetland Yarns牦牛毛纱Yak Hair Yarns羊仔毛纱Lambswool Yarns真丝系列纱线Silk Yarn Series白厂丝White Steam Filature Yarns双宫丝Duppion Silk Yarns柞蚕丝Tussah Silk Yarns绢丝Spun Silk Yarns柞绢丝Tussah Spun Silk Yarns柚丝Silk Noil Yarns真丝线Silk Threads丝棉混纺纱Silk/Cotton Blended Yarns麻纺系列纱线Halm Yarn Series大麻系列纱线Hemp Yarn Series亚麻系列纱线Linen Yarn Series苎麻系列纱线Ramie Yarn Series黄麻系列纱线Jute Yarn Series其他植物纤维纱线Other Plant Yarns剑麻系列纱线Sisal Yarn Series人造纤维和合成纱线Manmade & Synthetic Yarns 晴纶纱Acrylic Yarns晴纶仿羊绒Cashmere-like Acrylic Yarns仿兔毛Sunday Angora Yarns锦纶丝Polyamide Yarns涤纶纱/丝Polyester Yarns人造棉纱Spun Rayon Yarns天丝纱Tencel Yarns弹力纱线Elastane Yarns涤粘纱T/R (Polyester/Rayon) Yarns人棉混纺纱Spun Rayon Blended Yarns其他化纤纱线Other Synthetic Yarns人造长丝或线Viscose Filament Yarns or Threads 花色纱线fancy yarns雪尼尔纱Chenille Yarns大肚纱Big-belly Yarns带子纱Tape Yarns马海毛纱Mohair Yarns羽毛纱Feather Yarns蜈蚣纱Centipede like Yarns项链纱Neckline Yarns辫子纱Pigtail Yarns梯子纱Ladder Yarns圈圈纱Loop YarnsTT 纱TT Yarns结子纱Knot Yarns乒乓纱Ping-Pong Yarns其它花色纱线Other Fancy Yarns金属纱线Metal Yarns绳、索与缆Twine, Cordage, Rope & Cables纺织英语(系列二) 坯布用纺织英语靛蓝青年布：indigo chambray人棉布植绒：rayon cloth flocking pvc植绒：pvc flocking针织布植绒：knitting cloth flocking珠粒绒：claimond veins倒毛：down pile making平绒：velveteen (velvet-plain)仿麂皮：micro suede牛仔皮植绒：jeans flocking尼丝纺：nylon taffeta (nylon shioze)尼龙塔夫泡泡纱：nylon seersucker taffeta素面植绒：plain flocking 印花植绒：flocking(flower) 雕印植绒：embossing flocking皮革沟底植绒：leather imitation flocking牛仔植绒雕印：embossing jeans flocking兔羊绒大衣呢：angora cachmere overcoating羊毛双面呢：double-faced woolen goods立绒呢：cut velvet顺毛呢：over coating粗花呢：costume tweed弹力呢：lycra woolen goods塔丝绒：nylon taslon塔丝绒格子：n/taslon ripstop桃皮绒：polyester peach skin涤塔夫：polyester taffeta春亚纺：polyester pongee超细麦克布：micro fiber锦棉稠(平纹)：nylon-cotton fabric （plain）重平锦棉稠：nylon-cotton-cotton fabric(double weft) 人字锦棉纺：nylon-cotton fabric斜纹锦棉纺：nylon-cotton fabric (twill)素色天鹅绒：solid velvet抽条磨毛天鹅绒：rib fleece velvet雪花天鹅绒：melange velvet轧花天鹅绒：ginning velvet粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric素色毛巾布：solid terry蚂蚁布：fleece in one side素色卫衣布：solid fleece鱼网布：fleece彩条汗布：color-stripes single jerseyt/r弹力布：t/r bengaline t/c色织格子布：t/c solid check fabric弹力仿麂皮：micro suede with spandext/r仿麂皮：t/r micro suede仿麂皮瑶粒绒复合布：100%polyester micro suede bounding with polar fleece 仿麂皮针织布复合：100% polyester bounding with knitting micro suede fabric 仿麂皮羊羔绒复合布：100% polyester micro suede bounding with lamb fur蜡光缎：cire satine全消光尼丝纺：full dull nylon taffeta半消光尼丝纺：semi-dull nylon taffeta亮光尼龙：trilobal nylon全消光塔丝隆：full dull nylon taslan全消光牛津布：full dull nylon oxford尼龙格：nylon rip-stop塔丝隆格：taslan rip-stop哑富迪：full dull micro polyester pongee全消光春亚纺：full dull polyester pongee春亚纺格子：polyester pongee rip-stop全消光涤纶桃皮绒：full dull polyester peach宽斜纹桃皮绒：big twill polyester peach涤锦复合桃皮绒：poly/nylon peach涤纶格子：polyester taffeta rip-stop涤纶蜂巢塔丝隆：polyester honey taslan全消光涤纶低弹牛津布：full dull poly textured oxford涤锦交织桃皮绒：nylon/polyester inter-woven peach纺织英语(系列三) 颜色用英语增白：WHITE / SNOW WHITE特黑：BLACK / JET BLACK奶白：IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM大红：RED 紫红：BORDEAUX/WINE紫色：BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE绿色：GREEN灰色：GREY玉色：OYSTER/PEACH黄色：YELLOW卡其：KAHKI雪青：LILAC古铜色：BROWN梅红：FUSCHIA墨绿：CHARCOAL豆绿：OLIVE藏青：NA VY/BLUE天蓝：SKY BLUE粉红：PINK米色：BEIGE橘黄：ORANGE驼色：CAMEL纺织英语(系列四) 产品包装用英语卷杆：RILLING/WINDING散装：LOOSE PACKING编织袋：WEA VING BAG纸箱：CARTON木箱：WODEN CASE中性包装：NEUTRAL PACKING单幅卷杆：ROLLED ON TUBES IN OPEN WIDTH 双幅卷杆：DOUBLE FOLDED ON ROLLS双幅折板：DOUBLE FOLDED ON BOARD腰封：PAPER TAPES纸管：TUBE吊牌：LABLE / HANG TAG唛头：SHIPPING MARK船样：SHIPPING SAMPLE塑料袋：POL Y BAG匹长：ROLL LENGTH拼匹：ROLL WITH SEWING / ROLL WITH JOIN拼箱：LCL整箱：FCL 出口包装：EXPORT PACK纺织英语(系列五)检验标准用英语质量标准：QUALITY STANDARD（OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100、ISO9002、SGS、ITS、ATCC、M&S）客检：CUSTOMER INSPECTION台板检验：TABLE INSPECTION经向检验：LAMP INSPECTION色牢度：COLOR FASTNESS皂洗色牢度：WASHING COLOR FASTNESS摩擦色牢度：RUBBING / CRICKING COLOR FASTNESS光照色牢度：LIGHT COLOR FASTNESS汗渍色牢度：PERSPIRATION COLOR FASTNESS水渍色牢度：WATER COLOR FASTNESS氯漂白色牢度：CHLORINE BLEACH COLOR FASTNESS尺寸稳定性：DIMENSIONAL STABILITY外观持久性：APPEARANCE RETENTION拉伸强度：TENSILE STRENGTH撕破强度：TEAR STRENGTH接缝滑裂：SEAM SLIPPAGE抗起毛起球性：PILLING RESISTANCE耐磨性：ABRASION RESISTANCE拒水性：WATER REPELLENCY抗水性：WATER RESISTANCE织物密度：THREAD PER INCH/STICH DENSITY 纱支：YARN COUNT 克重：WEIGHT纺织英语(系列六) 整理用英语色前整理：PREMINARY FINISHE （PFP，PFD）退浆：DESIZING 染色：DYEING固色：COLOR FIXING后整理：AFTER FINISH / AFTER TREATMENT热定型：HEAT SETTING树脂整理：RESIN FINISH切割：CUT轧花：EMBOSSED/LOGOTYPE涂层：COATING （PVC、PU、PA）涂白：WHITE PIGMENT涂银：SILVER 烫金：GOLD PRINT磨毛：BRUSHED起皱：CRINKED/ CREPED轧泡：BUBBLED丝光：MERCERIZED硬挺：STIFFENING抗静电：ANTI-STATIC抗起球：ANTI-PILLING防羽绒：DOWN PROOF防霉：ANTI-FUNGUS免烫：WASH AND WEAR砂洗：STONE WASHED阻燃：FLAM RETARDANT环保染色：AZO FREE / NO AZO防水：W/P （WATER SHRINKAGE ）拒水：W/R （WATER REPELLENT ）缩水：W/S （WATER SHRINKAGE ）印花：PRINTING 涂料印花：COAT PRINTING拔染印花：DISCHARGE PRINTING平网印花：PLATE SCREAM PRINTING圆网印花：ROTARY SCREAM PRINTING转移印花：TRANSFER PRINTING烂花：BURN OUT模版印花：BLOCK PRINTING纸版印花：PAPER STENCIL纺织英语(系列七) 设备用英语设备方面麦克贝思电脑配色系统：MACBETH “CLOR –EYE ”COMPUTER COLOR MATCHING SYSTEM电脑配液系统：“APID –DOSER ”LABORTEX –LABORATORY DOSING SYSTEM VERIVIDE对色灯箱：VERIVIDE COLOR ASSESMENT CABINET打样：LAB DIPS大货生产：BULK PRODUCTION精练机：DESIZING MACHINE折幅机：CREASING MACHINE卷染：JIG DYEING溢流染色：JET OVERFLOW DYEING/BLEED DYEING轧染：PAD DYEING定型机：SET-STRECHING/STENTER FRAME纺织英语(系列八) 染料用英语碱性染料：BASIC DYES酸性染料：ACID DYES活性染料：REACTIVE DYES分散染料：DISPERSE DYES阳离子染料：CATION DYES还原染料：V AT DYES直接染料：DIRECT DYES硫化染料：SULPHUR DYES非偶氮染料：AZO FREE DYES纺织英语(系列九) 产品用英语里料：LINING面料：FABRIC平纹：TAFFETA斜纹：TWILL 缎面：SATIN / CHARMEUSE绡：LUSTRINE提花：JACQUARD烂花：BURNT-OUT春亚纺：PONGEE格子：CHECK条子：STRIPE双层：DOUBLE –LAYER双色：TWO –TONE花瑶：FAILLE高士宝：KOSHIBO雪纺：CHIFFON乔其：GEORGETTE塔丝隆：TASLON弹力布：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/L YCRA 牛仔布：JEANET牛津布：OXFORD帆布：CAMBRIC涤棉：P/C 涤捻：T/R 白涤条纺：WHITE STRIPE黑条纺：BLACK STRIPE空齿纺：EMPTY STRIPE水洗绒/桃皮绒：PEACH SKIN卡丹绒：PEACH TWILL绉绒：PEACH MOSS玻璃纱：ORGANDY纺织英语(系列十) 原料用英语涤纶：PLOYESTER锦纶：NYLON/POLYAMIDE醋酸：ACETATE棉：COTTON人棉：RAYON人丝：VISCOSE仿真丝：IMITATED SILK FABRIC真丝：SILK氨纶：SPANDEX/ELASTIC/STREC/L YCRA长丝：FILAMENT短纤：SPUN黑丝：BLACK YARN阳离子：CATION三角异形丝：TRIANGLE PROFILE空气变形丝：AIR-JET TEXTURING YARN超细纤维：MICRO –FIBRIC全拉伸丝：FDY （FULL DRAWN YARN）预取向丝：POY（PREORIENTED YARN）拉伸变形丝：DTY（DRAW TEXTURED YARN）牵伸加捻丝：DT （DRWW TWIST ACCESSORY纺织英语(系列十一) 辅料用英语料，配件ACROSS MEASURE横量ACRYLIC腈纶ADHESIVE / FUSIBLE INTERLINING粘衬ANTIQUE BRASS COATING镀青古铜ANTISTATIC FINISH防静电处理APPAREL成衣APPEALING LOOK吸引人的外表APPROV AL SAMPLE批办APPROVED SAMPLE WITH SIGNING NAME 签名批办ARMHOLE夹圈ASSEMBLING OF FRONT & BACK PART前后幅合并ASSEMBLING SECTION合并部分ATTACH COLLAR上领ATTACH LABEL上商标ATTACHMENT（车缝）附件BACK COVER FRONT后搭前BACK MID-ARMHOLE后背宽BACK ACROSS后背宽BACK STITCH返针，回针BACKLESS DRESS露背装BAR CODED STICKER条形码贴纸BARGAINING讨价还价BAR-TACK打枣BASTE假缝BATILK蜡染BEARER袋衬BEARER & FACING袋衬袋贴BEDFORD CORD.坑纹布，经条灯心绒BELL BOTTOM喇叭裤脚BELLOWS POCKET风琴袋BELT腰带BELT-LOOP裤耳BIAS CUT斜纹裁，纵纹裁BIFURCATE分叉BINDER包边蝴蝶，滚边蝴蝶BINDING包边BINDING OF SLV. OPENING R折BINDING OF TOP VENT面叉包边BINDING TAPE包边BINDING/BOUND滚条BLANKET毛毯，地毯BLEACH漂白BLEACH SPOT漂白污渍BLEEDING洗水后褪色BLEND FIBRE混纺纤维BLENDS混纺BLIND STITCH挑脚线步BLOUSE女装衬衫BODY PRESSING衫身熨烫BODY RISE浪BOTTOM衫脚，下摆BOTTOM VENT OF SLEEVE 细侧BOTTOMS下装BOX-PLEATED外工字褶BOY’S STYLE FLY / LEFT FLY 男装钮牌，左钮牌BRAID织锦，织带BRANCH 分公司BREAK STITCHES 断线BRIEFS 男装紧身内裤BROCADE织锦，织带BROKEN STITCHING断线BUBBLING起泡BUCKLE皮带扣BUCKLE-LOOP皮带扣BULK PRODUCTION大量生产BUNDLE CODE扎号BUNDLING执扎BUTTON钮扣BUTTON STAND门搭位BUTTON-HOLE钮门/ 扣眼BUTTON-HOLING开钮门BUTTONING钉钮BUTTONING WITH BUTTON SEWER用钉钮机钉钮C/B VENT后中叉CALICO / GRAY CLOTHES胚布CANV AS马尾衬，帆布CARDBOARD纸板CARDED粗疏CARE LABEL洗水唛CARTONNING装箱，入箱CASE PACK LABEL外箱贴纸CASH POCKET表袋CASUAL WEAR便装CATCHING FACING钮子CENTER BACK后中CENTER CREASE FOLD中骨对折CENTER CREASE LINE中骨线CENTER FRONT 前中CERTIFIED SUB-CONTRACTOR 认可加工厂HAIN STITCH M/C 锁链车CHAIN STITCHES锁链线步CHAMPRAY皱布CHEMISE宽松服装CHEST/BUST胸围CHIC时髦的，流行的CIRCULAR KNIT圆筒针织布CLASSIC LOOK经典款式CLASSIFICATION分类CLEAN FINISH还口CLEAN FINISH OF TOP VENT面叉还口CLEAN FINISH WITH 1/4“SINGLE NEEDLE 1/4“单针还口CLOSE FITTING贴身CLOSE SIDE SEAM埋侧骨COATING外套大衣COIN POCKET表袋COLLAR领子COLLAR BAND下级领COLLAR FALL上级领COLLAR NOTCH领扼位COLLAR POINT领尖COLLAR STAND下级领COLLAR STAY领插竹COLLECTION系列COLOR SHADING色差COMBED精梳CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION结构细节CONTINUOUS PLACKET R折CONTROL OF LABOR TURNOVER劳工流失控制CORDUROY灯心绒COST SHEET成本单COTTON STRING棉绳COVERING STITCHING拉冚线步（600类）CREASE & WRINKLY RESISTANT FINISH 防皱处理CREASE LINE折线CREPE DE-CHINE皱布CROSS CROTCH十字缝CROSS CUT横纹裁CROTCH POINT浪顶点CTN. NO. 箱号CUFF 鸡英，介英CUFF ATTACHING TO SLEEVE车鸡英到袖子上CUFF VENT/CUFF OPENING袖侧CUFFED BOTTOM HEM反脚，假反脚，脚级CUFFLESS BOTTOM平脚CURVED POCKET弯袋CUT & SEWN切驳CUTTING PIECE裁片CUTTING PIECE NUMBERING给裁片编号 D.K. JACQUARD双面提花（针织）DAMAGE CAUSED BY NEEDLE针孔DECORATIVE STITCHING装饰间线DELIVERY DATE落货期DENIER 旦尼尔 DENIM 牛仔DENSITY密度DESIGN SKETCH设计图DESIGNED FEATURE设计特征DIMENSION尺寸、尺码DINNER JACKET晚礼服DIRT STAINS AFTER WASHING 洗水后有污迹DIRTY SPOT污点DISCOUNT / SALES OFF打折DOBBY织花布DOUBLE CUFF双层鸡英DOUBLE END双经DOUBLE JETTED POCKET双唇袋DOUBLE NEEDLE FELL SEAM 双针埋夹DOUBLE PICK双纬DOUBLING并线DRESS COA T礼服DRESSING ROOM 试衣间DRILLING 钻孔位DRY-CLEANED干洗DUCK帆布DYEING 染色纺织英语(系列十二) 疵点用英语疵点：DEFECT/FAULT经柳：STREAKY WARP断经：BROKEN END急经：RIGHT END粗纬：COARSE PICKS粗经：COARSE END断纬：BROKEN PICKS纬斜：SKEWING/SLOPE横档：FILLING BAR污迹：STAIN/DIRT异型丝：GOAT/FOREING YARN破洞：HOLE色花：SHADE V ARIATION/COLOR DIFFERENCE/COLOR DIVIATION 色柳：COLOR STRIPE渗色：COLOR BLEEDING褪色：COLOR FADING/DISCOLOR擦伤：SCRATCH/BARASION/WINCH MARK松板印：MOIRE EFFECTS折痕：CREASE MARK纺织英语(系列十三)染色织疵用英语frosting 霜白疵、起霜花（印染引起）blur 剪毛不良barring 条痕、条花bare cloth 稀布Broken figures 错花Crack 稀弄Cracked ends 筘痕Defective lift 夹起Darts and steels 刀线Decating mark 布头纬向皱横Duvet 小环结Fag 粗粒Facing 拖浆、罩色（印花疵点）Felter 跳花、跳纱harness skip跳花、跳纱Gout 飞花织入Loom fly飞花织入Hard size 浆斑Joining stencil mark搭头印（手工印花疵点）Keel 红印色Marking off 搭色Mildew 霉、生霉Minor defects 普通瑕疵、中类Major defects次要瑕疵、大类Super major defects 主要瑕疵、特大类Mispick 错纬Weaving under 花纹少织（多梭箱织机的换纬运动不良造成）Starch lump 浆斑Start-up marks 开车痕Stripy defects 条花疵点Reed mark 筘痕Shuttle mark 局部纹路不明（主要由于开口运动或投梭失常所致）Snap/snappers 拖浆Stain warp 渍经Staining 斑点染色、染斑。

目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植 (1)02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途 (2)04课Wool羊毛 (5)05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能 (7)06课Silk丝绸 (10)07课Flax亚麻 (13)09课Rayon人造丝 (16)12课YARNS (19)13课纱线结构和织物外观的关系 (20)21课精纺和粗纺 (22)25课络纱 (23)27课整经 (26)33 课织机 (34)40课蓬勃发展的非织造布 (43)49课染色 (48)第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植 Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。

它的流行源于它的生产及其在纺织产品广泛适用性相对容易。

棉纱价格，然而，强烈地依赖于劳动力成本，因此，在工业化的国家，那里的劳动力昂贵，棉纱可能相对较高的价格。

Until relatively recent times, however, cotton was not as widely used as wool and linen. This was because it was easier to spin wool or flax into yam because of their greater length. In addition, cotton fibers have to be separated from the seeds to which they cling. This procedure was very tedious and time-consuming when done by hand. Early machinery could be used on only the longest staple cotton. So labor costs tended to be very high.直到最近，然而，棉花是没有广泛用作羊毛和亚麻布。

Lesson Twelve：Cotton Opening, Cleaning and BlendingStaple fibers arrive at the yarn processing plant in large bales. To make yarns, fibers must be of similar length and relatively uniform so that the spun yarn can be of uniform quality. To accomplish this, fibers from a variety of production lots, or fields must be blended together.棉纤维以棉包的形式被运到纺纱厂。

制造纱线使用的纤维应具有相近的长度和相对均匀的品级，这样纺出的纱线才会有相对稳定的质量。

为了做到这一点，不同批次和产地的棉纤维必须很好地混合。

Several bales or cartons of fibers are placed in the opening, cleaning and blending area. Some fiber from each bale or carton is fed into the opener and blender. It is important to separate or “open” the fiber mass to a single fiber state, or as close to that as possible. The opening and blending machines separate the fibers and blend fibers from the different bales or cartons. The technique adopted differs according to the type of opening or blending machines used.在开清棉车间通常要同时使用多个棉包或纸箱的棉花。