《北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试》

一、报考条件1、中华人民共和国公民。

2、拥护中国共产党的领导，愿为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法。

3、已获得硕士学位的人员（境外获硕士学位者需有教育部留学服务中心出具的学历学位认证证书）；应届硕士毕业生（须是国家学历教育硕士生且须在入学前取得硕士学位）；获得学士学位后6年或6年以上（从获得学士学位到2011年9月博士生入学之日），并达到与硕士毕业生同等学力的人员。

以同等学力身份报考的还需具备下列条件：（1）通过国家大学英语六级考试或全国同等学力申请硕士学位外语考试；（2）已修完相关专业的硕士学位主干课程且成绩合格；（3）近三年在全国核心刊物上发表2篇以上与所报考学科相关的学术论文(以第一或第二作者)，或获得省、部级以上与报考学科相关的科技成果奖励(排名前五名)。

4、身体健康状况符合规定的体检标准。

5、年龄一般不超过45周岁，在职人员考生年龄可适当放宽。

6、经两名与报考学科相关的副教授（或相当职称）以上的专家推荐。

二、报名办法及提交材料1、考生报名前应仔细核对本人是否符合报考条件，凡不符合报考条件的考生将不予录取，相关后果由考生本人承担。

2、委托培养的应届毕业硕士生、拟报考委托培养的考生、现正在履行合同中服务年限的在职人员考生，须征得委托培养单位的同意。

3、2010年11月8日至12月8日，通过北京理工大学研究生招生博士生网上报名系统进行报名。

考生（包括直博生）须按网报要求如实提交有关信息，网上报名地址为http://grd、bit、edu、cn。

请考生务必随时关注教育部网站和我校研究生招生信息网的相关通知。

4、考生须认真核对网上提交的报名信息，如因提交信息有误产生的后果由考生本人负责。

5、考生在提交信息成功后，须下载打印《北京理工大学2011年报考攻读博士学位研究生登记表》并签字确认。

6、考生提交信息后，须在2010年12月9日－12月15日将如下材料寄或送至研究生招生办公室：(1)打印并填写完整的北京理工大学2011年报考攻读博士学位研究生登记表。

2014年北京理工大学机械学院博士入学考试内容回顾
一、英语
1、题型、四篇阅读理解，英译汉，汉译英，理解论述题、作文。

2、在网上能找到06、07、08三年的真题。

3、最后一篇阅读理解是08年的原题，词汇量很多，应该有1000多词。

4、英译汉和汉译英都是短文翻译。

5、理解论述题是阅读一篇英文短文，然后用英语写一篇短文（80个词），介绍文章内容以及自己的感悟。

6、作文给你一句话，写200多词的文章。

二、数学（《数值分析》）
1、教材是丁丽娟、程杞元编著的《数值计算方法》，2011年8月版，高等教育出版社。

2、全是大题，题很简单，但需要记很多公式。

3、印象较深的就是考了第四章矩阵特征值与特征向量的计算，推到证明题，较难；还有第七章Romberg求积公式，表7-3。

4、建议整本书都要复习到，不是很难，就是要记忆的内容较多。

三、专业课
1、动力学和汽车理论可以任选一门，其中汽车理论（余志生主编，第五版，机械工业出版社）。

2、题型：简答题、论述题（有的需要画图）、计算题。

3、简答题记不清楚了，论述题记得有个制动过程的分析，114页的
那个图；计算题两个，各20分，第一章的汽车行驶方程式，第六章的汽车平顺性，关于质量系统振动的计算题。

4、专业课注重实际问题的考察，考试内容与能在网上找到的前些年的原题差别很大。

《北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试》北京理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语模拟试题一PART ⅠReading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages for you to read. After each passage there are five questions, below each of whom there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a pencil on the Machine-Scoring Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage: Many people believe the glare from snow causes snow blindness. Yet, dark glasses or not they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that the glare from snow does not cause snow-blindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of a snow-covered area So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscle aches. Nature balances this annoyance by producing more and more liquid which covers the eyeballs. The liquid covers the eyeballs in increasing quantity until vision blurs. And the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main body of troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line asthey cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching through the snow-blanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the man can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossinga solid white area is overcome.1. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because______.A. tears cover the eyeballsB. the eyes are annoyed by blinding sunlightC. the eyes are annoyed by blinding snowD. there is nothing to focus on2. When the eyes are sore, tears are produced to______.A. clear the visionB. remedy snowblindnessC. ease the annoyanceD. loosen the muscles3. Snow-blindness may be avoided by______.A. concentration on the solid white areaB. providing the eyes with something to focus onC. searching for something to look at in snow-covered areasD. covering the eyeballs with liquid4. The first paragraph is mainly concerned with______.A. snow glare and snow blindnessB. the whiteness from snowC. headaches, watering eyes and snowb lindnessD. the need for dark glasses5. A suitable title for this passage would be______.A. Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB. Nature' s Cure for SnowblindnessC. Soldiers in the SnowD. Snow VisionQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:There are great careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people Who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making generaljudgments. And these "generalists" are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people' s work, to begin it and judge it.The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a "trained" man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist-and especially the administrator-deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an "educated" man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation.V ery rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you-but this is a pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.6. There is an increasing demand for______.A. all-round people in their own fieldsB. people whose job is to organize other people' s workC. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professionalD. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others7. The specialist is______.A. a man whose job is to train other peopleB. a man who has been trained in more than one fieldC. a man who can see the forest rather that the treesD. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters8. The administrator is______.A. a "trained" man who is more a specialist than a generalistB. a man who sees the tress as well as the forestC. a man who is very strong in the humanitiesD. a man who is an "educated" specialist9. During your training period it is important______.A. to try to be a generalistB. to choose a profitable jobC. to find an organization which fits youD. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist10. A man's first job______.A. is never the right job for himB. should not be regarded as his final jobC. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final jobQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:The world's population continues to grow. There now are about 4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of the century and 11 billion in another 75 years. Experts long have been concerned about such growth Where will we find the food, water, jobs, houses, schools and health care for all these people?A major new study shows that the situation may be changing.A large and rapid drop in the world's birth rate has taken place during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now than they were a few years ago. It is happening in both developing and industrial nations,Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this. More men and women are waiting longer to get married and are using birth control devices and methods to prevent or delay pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobs away from their homes instead of having children. And more governments, especially in developing nations, now support family planning programs to reduce population growth. China is one of the nations that has made great progress in reducing its population growth.China has already cut its rate of population growth by about one half since 1970. China now urges each family to have no more than one child. And it hopes to reach zero populationgrowth, the number of births equaling the number of deaths, by the year 2000.Several nations in Europe already have fewer births than deaths. Experts said that these nations could face a serious shortage of workers in the future. And the persons who are working could face much higher taxes to help support the growing number of retired people.11. In Paragraph one, the sentence "Experts Dong have been concerned about such growth", the phrase "concerned about" is similar in meaning to______.A. worried aboutB. related toC. engaged inD. made a study of12. "Family planning programs" means______.A. birth control policy in a countryB. economic policy in a familyC. TV programs designed for a familyD. economic policy in a country13. The world's birth rate has dropped because______.A. people marry at a much later timeB. more birth control devices and methods have been usedC. women would rather go to study or work than have childrenD. all the above reasons are true14. By the year 2000, the number of births and the number of deaths in China will______.A. be greatly differentB. be equal to each otherC. drop a great dealD. become much larger15. Some time in the future, the people who are working in Europe would have to pay much higher taxes because______.A. more and more children will be bornB. fewer and fewer children will be bornC. they will be making a lot of moneyD. the number of retired people will become ever lingerQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:When I was walking down the street the other day, I happened to notice a small brown leather wallet lying on the sidewalk. I picked it up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was nothing inside it except some change and an old photograph-a picture of a woman and a young gift about twelve years old, who looked like the woman's daughter. I put the photograph back and took the wallet to the police station, where I handed it to the desk sergeant. Before I left, the sergeant took down my name and address in case the owner might want to write and thank me.That evening I went to have dinner with my aunt and uncle. They had also invited a young woman so that there would be four people at the table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had not met before, but I couldn' t remember where I had seen her. In the course of conversation, however, the young woman happened to mention that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. All at once I realized where I had seen her. She was the young girl in the photograph, although she was now much older. She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to describe her wallet to her. Then I explained that I had recognized her from the photograph I had found in the wallet. My uncle insisted on going to the police station immediately to claim the wallet. As thepolice sergeant handed it over, he said that it was amazing that I had not only found the wallet, but also the person who had lost it.16. The wallet which the writer found______.A. was emptyB. had some money in itC. had a few coins and a photograph in itD. had an old photograph in it17. The writer opened the wallet because he wanted to ______ in it.A. find some moneyB. find some goldC. find the owner' s nameD. find the owner' s photograph18. The writer recognized the young woman because______.A. he had met her somewhere beforeB. she was the old woman in the photographC. she often had dinner with his aunt and uncleD. she looked like the young girl in the photograph19. The young woman told of her loss of the wallet______.A. at the beginning of the dinnerB. during the conversationC. as soon as she saw the writerD. after the dinner20. The story was amazing because______.A. the writer found both the wallet and its ownerB. the finder and the loser of the wallet were old friendsC. the finder and the loser of the wallet met at the police stationD. the woman knew the writer and his unclePART ⅡTranslationSection A: Translate the following short paragraphs into Chinese.21. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely.22. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work?23. The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows has not meant economic freedom.24. Employment became widespread when the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail andthen by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Section B :Translate the following paragraph into English.现在，成千上万的美国人沉湎于对身材苗条的追求之中。

北京理工大学法学院空间活动与法律张景瑞空间安全与法律考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题一、专业的设置北京理工大学法学院招收博士生4名，下设法律经济学、空间活动与法律专业。

空间活动与法律专业下设张景瑞的空间安全与法律。

二、考试的科目学院、专业、研究方向代码及名称招生计划指导教师复试要求及相关说明外国语业务课一业务课二空间活动与法律（0825Z1）01.空间安全与法律张景瑞1001英语2031法学基础理论3085空间法学1、专业英语；2、国际法学基础理论三、导师介绍张景瑞，女，1974年2月出生，辽宁省沈阳市皇姑区人。

教授，北京理工大学宇航学院航空宇航科学与技术学科、航天器动力学与控制学科博士研究生导师。

指导博士生2人，毕业1人，研究生20名，毕业10人。

科研方面，主要从事航天器动力学与控制方向的研究。

凝炼出“灵敏航天器快速姿态机动控制”新方向，2005年至今获得两项国家自然科学基金的资助；还获得了北京市优秀人才培养资助计划与北京市科技新星计划奖励各一项育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。

育明教育考博分校经过这些年的积淀可以协助学员考生联系以上导师。

四、参考书目2031法学基础理论《法理学》（第四版），张文显，高等教育出版社；《民法学》（第三版），法律出版社，王利明等；《民事诉讼法》，张艳丽，北京大学出版社2013年9月版；《国际法》，江国青，高等教育出版社2010年版；《环境保护法教程》（第5版），陈汉光，法律出版社。

3085空间法学《外层空间法专论》，李寿平、赵云，光明日报出版社，2009年版。

五、北理考博英语北理的考博英语满分100分，题型有阅读、翻译和写作等。

考博英语的整体难度介于六级和老托福之间，对词汇量有很高的要求，特别注重对形近字、意近词和固定搭配以及语法的考察。

做阅读理解一定要遵守“实事求是”的原则，翻译这一个题型很容易丢分，考博资料获取、复习经验可咨询叩叩：捌九叁二，四壹二，贰六，要想得高分，每一天都要遵循“八步法”练习三个句子。

北京理工大学2003年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题Part II. Vocabulary(20 point, 0.5 point for each)Section ADirections: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.16. The candidate has complied with all the requirements set by the university; this institution, therefore awards herthe degree of Master of Arts.A. permitsB. grantsC. rewardD. forwards17. The argument that Children are no longer an economic asset, but more of a liability, drew more attention of thepublic.A. productivityB. possibilityC. responsibilityD. necessity18. With all his experience abroad he was a major asset company.A. candidateB. applicantC. mangerD. resource19. The team published their report after three-month investigation which triggered off a parliamentary debate.A. shotB. delayedC. startedD. concluded20. The board of directors required that Mr. Brown justify buying the expensive equipment at a time when thecompany was practicing strict ecnomy.A. give reasons forB. verifyC. testifyD. give evidence about21. Today’s college students have ambiguous feelings about the role they should play in the world.A. wonderfulB. unusualC. ambitiousD. doubtful22. Railway services are not yet sound enough economically without government subsidy.A. aidB. chargeC. approvalD. domination23. The Public Broadcasting System is supported by donations from foundations and other sources.A. grantsB.referencesC. accountsD. advertisements24. The merit of a sales tax is that it decreases government reliance on income taxes.A. outcomeB. supplyC. virtueD. balance25. The microscope enables scientists to distinguish an incredible number and variety of bacteria.A. a selectedB. a verifiableC. an unbelievableD. an unavoidable26. Grandpa Wang, a famous painter, spent his life in a tranquil little farming cottage.A. a lovelyB. a peacefulC. an isolatedD. a noisy27. The doctor did not rule out the possibility of food poisoning.A. foreseeB. acceptC. excludeD. foretell28. My colleagues and I were greatly puzzled by our repeated failures in the experiment.A. distressedB. discontentedC. annoyedD. perplexed29. Contestants who do not comply with the regulations will be disqualified.A. cooperate withB. observeC. approveD. submit to30. John boasted that he could finish the job all by himself in no time.A. very rapidlyB. on timeC. in timeD. at any moment31. The Bureau of Public Security has decided to hold an inquiry to find out the cause of the big fire.A. investigationB. researchC. examinationD. inquest32. He was given a present in acknowledgement of his work for the business.A. honorB. realizationC. encouragementD. recognition33. Congressional debate over the passage of this controversial bill is inevitable.A. popularB. personalC. disputedD. beneficial34. The dispute between the faculty and the administration was not resolved until the faculty members got betterworking conditions.A. threatB. argumentC. problemD. discussion35. After being defeated they submitted to the enemy.A. surrenderedB. succeededC. stressedD. submergedSection BDirections: There are 20 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across it on your Answer Sheet.36. Waving received strict training in oil painting these artists paint in a _______ and figurative style.A. relevant C. narrativeB. realistic D. sensitive37. Having weighed up all the factors the department finally agreed to receive all the _________ to the committee.A. rejectionB. hypothesesC. nominationsD. resistance38. In the past decade some third countries have suffered from an cycle of drought _______ with flood.A. alteringB. activatingC. nominationsD. alternating39. I am sorry I opened your handbag but I ________ it for mine.A. mistookB. confusedC. recognizedD. imagined40. John and I have _______ to meet at the bus station at 9 o’clock.A. confirmedB. combinedC. appointedD. arranged41. You’re _______ your time trying to persuade him; he’ll never help you.A. wastingB. losing C spending D. missing42. The cyclist was _______ his bike by a truck.A. hit offB. knocked offC. knocked downD. hit down43. ______ the bad weather, we decided to go to the picnic.A. DespiteB. In spiteC. AlthoughD. Though44. The dealer wanted $500, I wanted to pay $400, and we finally agreed to the difference.A. divideB. splitC. dropD. decrease45. Passengers are ________ not to leave their cases and packages here.A. commandedB. informedC. notifiedD. advised46. The new teacher was ________ to the needs of all the children in her care.A. attentiveB. earnestC. carefulD. observant47. You should ________ at least three days for the journey.A. expectB. permitC. acceptD.allow48. Could you possibly ________ me at the next committee meeting?A. stand in forB. make up forC. tall back onD. kee in with49. The customs officer asked me if I had anything to _______.A. sayB. stateC. explainD. declare50. This ticket _______ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A. givesB. entitiesC. grantsD. credits51. After his long absence from school he found it difficult to ______ up with the rest of his class.A. catchB. takeC. makeD. work52. I asked the tailor to make a small _______ to my trousers because they were too long.A. changeB. variationC. revisionD. alteration53. ______ all of us who are here tonight, I would like to thank Mr. Johnson for his informative talk.A. On behalf ofB. On account ofC. In honor ofD. In terms of54. Tom’s steps had _______ and there was a moment of absolute silence.A. died downB. died fromC. died awayD. died out55. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _______ increase the risk ofheart disease.A. in turnB. in returnC. by chanceD. by turnsPart III. Cloze( 10 points 0.5 for each)Directions: In this section, you are to read a passage with twenty blanks and fill in the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D. for each blank and mark the corresponding letter of your choice with a single bar through the center on your ANSWER SHEET.Years ago, a group of brilliant young men at the University of Wisconsin seemed to have amazing creative literary.talent. They were 56 poets, novelists and essayists. They were extraordinary, in their to put the English language 57 , These 58 young men met regularly to read and critique each other’s work. And critique it they did!These men were merciless 59 one another. They 60 the most minute literary expression 61 a hundred pieces. They were heartless, tough, even mean in their criticism. The sessions became 62 arenas of literary criticism that the members of this exclusive club called themselves “Stranglers.”63 , the women of literary talent in the university were detemllned to start a club of 64 , one comparable to the Stranglers. They called themselves “Wranglers.” They, too, read their works 65 But there was one great difference. The criticism was much softer, more positive, more encouragmg 66 there was 67 criticism at all. Every effort, even the most feeble one, was encouraged.Twenty years later, when an alumnus (男校友) of the university 68 an exhaustive study of his classmates’careers, he noticed a vast difference in the literary 69 of the Stranglers 70 the Wranglers. Of all the bright young men in the Stranglers, not one had made a significant literary accomplishment 71 . From the Wranglers had come six or more successful writers, some of national renown such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings. 72 wrote The Yearling.Talent between the two? Probably the same. Level of education? 73 difference. But the Stranglers strangled, while the Wranglers 74 to give each other a life. The Stranglers promoted an atmosphere of contention and self -doubt. The Wranglers 75 the best, not the worst.56 A. would-soon-be B. would-be C. should -soon -be D. should be57 A. to its best use B. for its best C. as its best use D. in its best use58 A. premising B. clever C. promising D. perspective59 A. on B. for C. with D. to60. A. dissected B. reduced C. collapsea D. severed61 A. in B. onto C. into D. within62 A. so B. such C. thus D. that63 A. Not to overdo B. Never overdo C. Not to be outdone D. Never overdoing64 A. themselves’ B. their own’s C. their own D. their65 A. for each other B. to one another’s C. as to one mother D. to one another66 A. Sometimes B. Sometime C. Always D. Usually67 A. hardly no B. almost not C. almost no D. scarcely68 A. carried B. executed C. conducted D. engaged69 A. consequences B. accomplishments C. performances D. results70 A. as opposed B. on the contrary C. as opposed to D. on the objection to71 A. of such kine B. of any kind C. of some kind D. of no kind72 A. who B. that C. which D. the73 A. Not much B. Not such C. No much D. Not at all74 A. were firm B. were determined C. were sure D. were decided75 A. brightened B. highlighted C. enlightened D. demonstratedPart IV. Reading Comprehension (25 points 1 for each)Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by several questions about it. Read the passages carefully and to each question choose the best answer A, B, C or D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter with a pencil.Passage OneOn the first day of my second year at California State University at Sacramento, I saw the most gorgeous guy! He was standing alone in line at the cafeteria and looked out place. Turning to my friends, I said, “I have to meet him!”Challenging my spontaneity, my friends reached into their purses and came up with money for a bet. They then dare me to run up to him, pretend that I knew him and convince him that he knew me. Smiling, I turned and was off to the cutie pie.“Dan, Dan!” I yelled as I ran up to him. “How are you? How’s your mom?” He just stood there looking at me I could tell that he was shy. I liked him immediately.“I’m not Dan,” he said, looking a little confused.“Sure you are!” I countered. “You lived in Sierra Hall last year, third floor! You were Bob’s roommate.”“No I lived off campus last year,” this sweet man replied still not getting it. I turned and started to leave, and he began asking me a series of questions, know you from mom’s allergy clinic? (I hate shots.) “Were you in the parrot class I took last summer?”(I like birds only slight more than shots.) “Do you eat at Taco Bell? I work there.”(Never.)“Well,” he said, “I know I’m not Dan, and I didn’t live in Sierra Hall.” He reached out his hand to mine. My name is Tim, and I’m pleased to meet you anyway.He invited me to his fraternity party that night. I composed myself and informed him that I did not go to fraternity parties. But as I watched him walk away, I had second thoughts. That afternoon, I took the money that I’d won from the bet and bought a black miniskirt. I was going to my first fraternity party.When I arrived there, I was a little nervous. Would he be there? when I got to the front steps of the frat house, I looked up and saw Tim sitting at the top. He looked at me and smiled.“I was hoping you would come. I’ve been waiting for you.” I sat down next to him and we started talking. We talked all that night and for the next three nights until dawn. Four months later, he asked me to marry him. Four years later, we tied the knot. This year, we celebrated the fifteenth anniversary, of the day we met.Some nights when we are snuggling together, I’m reminded that I found my soul mate on a dare. Now and then, my husband asks, “Am I Dan or Tim tonight?” Having a special place in my heart for both of them, I always laugh and reply, “You decide!”76. The narrator in the story said: “I have to meet him!” because ___________.A. she knew the guyB. she enjoyed the guy’s handsome appearanceC. she wanted to satisfy, her curiosityD. she wanted to win the bet77. The verb “tell” in the sentence “I could tell that he was shy” (Paragraph 3) means __________.A. speakB. ascertainC. proveD. vitness78. The sentence “I hate shots.” in the brackets (Paragraph 6) can best be paraphrased as ____________.A. I don’t like to be attacked by a lot of so many unexpected questionsB. I hate the guy for his endless questioning of my storyC. I hate being given an injectionD. I feel extremely shy before the handsome guy79. The narrator had finally decided to attend the fraternity party perhaps because ___________.A. she had fallen in love with him at the first sightB. she changed her mind when the guy had leftC. she felt lucky to win the betD. she was able to buy a black miniskirt with the money she won80. The story you read here can best be titled as ____________.A. A Brave Girl in Making an Important DecisionB. A Girl Daring to Search for Her Love regardless of Social PrejudiceC. God Helps Those Who Help ThemselvesD. A Brave Challenge of Girl’s Usual Shyness Results in a Happy MarriagePassage TwoThe score is tied in the second half of the World Cup finals, and aboard a 747, passengers cheer as they watch the game on their laptops--40,000 feet above Earth. Sound futuristic?Boeing Plans to make this scenario possible with its broadband telecommunications initiative, Connexion by Boeing. This service will allow fliers to surf the Web, send and receive email .access the company intranet, book dinner reserervations trade the honest stock, shop online and watch live TV from any seat in an aircraft. Connexion is already available cn privat jets, and Boeing says that the two-way broadband service will be installed on domestic flights in late 2001. Global coverage is slated to arrive by 2005. Subscribers will be able to access Connexion from their seats using laptops or personal digital assistants, plus a network card and a cable provided by the airline. The cost? Comparable to ground-floor cellular phone service; between $ 6 and $ 25 an hour.One key enabler for this technology is a phased-array antenna, originally developed by Boeing in 1986. Located on the aircraft’s, upper fuselage, the antenna electronically transmits beams to a satellite at 1.5Mb per second and receives them at 5 Mb per second. Thus, every passenger can access Connexion concurrently, securing connection speeds of no less than 56 Kh per second each. The actual bandwidth will be continually upgraded.Boeing ultimately wants to bring the service to markets like cruise ships and oil exploration platforms. Until then, the sky’s the limit.81. What is the main idea of this article?A. In the near future people will be able to watch live soccer matches on a plane.B. The future holds many exciting developments.C. Boeing is currently introducing Internet access on its planes.D. There is a strong demand for web access by Boeing passengers.82. Which of the following will not be used by air passengers to access Connexion?A. Their own portable computers.B. Personal distal assistants.C. The cabled computers on the airliner.D. The cellular phone service.83. Which of the following statements about Connexion is FALSE?A. Boeing planes worldwide will have this service by 2005.B. The service will cost between $ 6 and $ 25 an hour.C. The phased-array antenna is an important aspect· of Boeing’s new service.D. The service on works at speeds of less than 1.5Mb per second.84. According to the article, what does the word “concurrently” (Para. 4) mean?A. At the same time.B. One at a timeC. In orderD. Not currently85. What is true about the Connexion service to cruise ships and oil exploration platforms?A. Boeing is trying to provide them with the service.B. They cannot get the service now because the sky is limited.C. The service is not available to them now as Boeing is busy servicing the fliers.D. They can get the service because they are in the limt the project.Passage ThreeU. S. airlines could slash 70,000 more jobs if there were war with Iraq and the U. S. government did not give the industry, more help, the biggest domestic carriers said on Tuesday.The Air Transport Association, which represents major airlines, said in a report on airline finances that its members would take aggressive steps to counter any sharp drop in travel demand and an increase in costs caused by an Iraqi war.Big airlines are seeking government assistance to stem rising fuel costs and ease taxes that are contributing to losses that soared to more than $ 10 billion in 2002.The industry outlined a “most likely scenario if war broke out, saying that reduced demand and higher cost’s due to a conflict lasting 90 days would cost it $ 4 billion in lost revenue. Without a conflict, losses would still be expected to reach almost $ 7 billion for the year.“The nation’s air carders will continue to do all we can, but we fear that the consequences of this war will be severe,” James May, president and chief executive of the air transport group, told a news conference.May restated the industry’s belief that war could prompt more bankruptcies or force some financially fragile carder into liquidation. Recovery would take several years and ticket prices would have to fall further to spur demand.US Airways Group Inc. and UAL Corp’s United Airlines are in Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, and some industry experts believe that AMR Corp’s American Airlines, the world’s biggest carrier could follow later this year. Airlines expect overall traffic volume during a second Gulf conflict would fall more sharply than it did during the 1991 war, when it declined 8 percent after fighting began. The airlines based their assessment on a slide of more than 20 percent in advance bookings for overseas travel after the U. S. government elevated its domestic terror alert status from yellow to orange in early February.Jet fuel has more than doubled in price from a year ago to $ 1.30 a gallon recently. Fuel is the second-largest expense after labor for an airline. An increase of one penny a gallon costs the industry an estimated $ 180 millionannually.86. U. S. airlines would have to suffer the following losses if there were war with Iraq except that __________.A. the industry would have to lose $ 180 million revenue each year with one gallon of jet fuel increasing onepenny on saleB. the overall traffic volume is expected to drop at least over eight percent, which took place during the first gulfwarC. the U. S. government refuses to give the main airline companies any essential financial support once the warbroke outD. it would take a few years to get the prewar ticket prices resumed and then to spur the passengers’rivingdemand87. The countermeasures the nation’s main air carriers would take to prevent any sharp drop in travel demand mayinclude ________________.I. seeking government financial assistanceII asking for low tax rateШ promoting more bankruptcies and forcing some weak airline companies into liquidationA. I onlyB. I and IIC. I and ШD. II and Ш88. The sentence “... AMR, Corp’s American Airlines, the world’s biggest carrier, could follow later this year”(Paragraph 7) can best restated as __________.A. it would also seek bankruptoy protectionB. it would have to spur its passengers’ steps demand for ticketsC. it would have to take aggressive steps to avoid bankruptcyD. it would call for more financial subsidy from the government for its survival89. The phrase “force some financially fragile carries into liquidation” (Paragraph 6) may probably mean _______.A. compel them to reduce flightB. make them do nothing but to declare bankruptcyC. push them to be destroyedD. bring them into luquid state90. From the passage we can conclude that ___________.A. the writer intends to show his strong anti-war positionB. the writer tells what the American air transportation industry would have to worry about in facing the waragainst IraqC. the writer shows deep sympathy for the sufferings the war would bring to Iraqi peopleD. the writer wants to show indignation against George Bush’s position on Iraqi problemPassage FourA half hour before test time, I was afraid to look in the mirror. But I had to assess the damages. After all, there were cute guys in this class. Granted, they would be worrying more about the final than what I looked like, and that was my hope at this point.The first things I saw were my own bloodshot eyes. Where was that Visine? My hair looked like Attila the Hun ad spent the night camping in it. Well, I’d pull it back into a ponytail and take the tangles out later.And then I saw it. It was a huge swelling on the front of my chin that had to be the size of a small golf ball. Surely I was hallucinating from lack of sleep. I had never seen anything like that before,I’d heard of people getting hives from nerves. But a single hive, on the front of my face? I gingerly touched it. A hard swelling met my curious fingertips. What had caused this? The pizza I’d consumed at midnight or the mountain Dew I’d consumed at two and four and six in the morning? Perhaps it was the Cap’s Crunch at three or the candy bar at five. My stomach had a strict policy. If I was going to keep it up all night, it insisted on being fed.How was I going to cover this up? I rummaged through all my toiletries until I found my lone bandage, put there for emergencies. Well, this qualified as one, Oh no, that looked really stupid. How embarrassing. Oh well, no time to do anything else about it now. My philosophy final was waiting for me. My beleaguered brain had tried all night to grasp the arguments of different philosophies so that I could write them down on the essay test this morning.I loved to hear our philosophy professor in class. I could follow the arguments when he discussed them, but trying to formulate them on my own just wasn’t happening. Perhaps the bump was the result of stress. I had to pass thisfinal or I would fail the class. And I couldn’t fail the class, or I would have to take the college’s summer school sessions. And I couldn’t go to summer school because I needed to work to help pay for next fall’s tuition. Swallowing the last gulp of fiat Mountain Dew, I headed for class. I picked a seat that didn’t directly face the clock. That would only make me more nervous, and cod knew I had already used up my adrenaline(肾上腺素) supply, Dr. Wennberg passed out the essay books while explaining the roles. We would have exactly one hour. My two pencils in hand, I waited for the signal.“Begin.”I closed my eyes took a deep breath and said a prayer “Please, God , help me remember all that I’ve studied for this test.”I looked over the questions. I could do this. I had to do this. I began writing.Twenty minutes had gone by. I had been writing as fast as I could before I forgot the infonnation. So far so good . But my eyes were so tired. They hurt so badly. They felt so heavy. I’d just rest them for a minute. I leaned my puffy chin on my hand.Someone sneezed. I came to with a start. What?! I’d fallen asleep? I’d never done that before in a final! Oh no! Fearfully, I looked at the clock.Only ten minutes left?! I’d slept a half hour? Oh no!I thought I’d used up all my adrenaline, but I was wrong. I broke out in a cold sweat. What could I do in ten minutes? Think, I must think. I need a plan. I’m doomed. No, think. I began writing as fast as I could to finish the questions. I stared at the last blank page of the essay test booklet with its nearly ruled lines. Dare I? I had nothing to lose. I still had two minutes. I wrote Dr. Wennberg. I told him how sorry I was. How I’d stayed awake all night to study because this was important to me, only to fall asleep during the exam. How I’d really wanted to do better I asked for mercy.One week later, I stood in front of the test board where the results would be posted. The mysterious swelling on my chin had gone away with sleep, but I touched my fingers to my chin nervously, It wasn’t coming back, was it?I stood awaiting my fate. The secretary came out and pinned a pape to the board. I scanned down the list of names, looking for my final class grade. There it was; a C--minus. Tears filled my eyes. I looked again. I had passed, I was sure I hadn’t deserved that. But I wasn’t about to argue! Dr. Wennberg had shown mercy. It was one philosophy lesson I’ve never forgotten.91. Why does the writer say “I was afraid to look in the mirror” in the first sentence of the first paragraph of the text?A. Perhaps because he didn't like his own appearance.B. Perhaps because he didn't prepare enough for the test.C. Perhaps because he was afraid to look at his utterly battled look for the previous sleepless night.D. Perhaps because he had too many worries about the damages brought to his health due to his busy preparationfor the test.92. When the writer says “ and that was my hope at this point” (Paragraph 1) “my hope” may be used I to mean thatA. he hoped all the other guys would fail in the test.B. he hoped that all the others shared the same worries with him.C. he hadn’t wished to see that all his classmates would have the same worries as his.D. he would be glad to see his classmates would have more worries than he had.93. When the writer says “I’d heard of people getting hives from nerves,” the phrase of “getting hives from nerves”( Paragraph 3 ) most probably means __________.A. getting overexcited and overjoyed when facing unexpected situationsB. feeling so nervous and bewildered as not to be able to do things regularlyC. feeling uncomfortable or itching due to a bee-stingingD. becoming red and swelling with a scar or a wound94. The proper noun Mountain Dew “(Paragraph 3) can be used in the context to mean ___________.A. the morning dew in a summer mornmgB. the dew that one often sees after a rainy dayC. a brand of drinkD. a gush of sweat as is seen after a gust of hard work95. The following phrasal verbs can he taken as the synonyms of the verb" rummage through" in the context except_________.A. fumble throughB. search throughC. delve intoD. carry through96. The writer says that he had to pass the philosophy final (Paragraph 5) because _______________.I . if not, he would have had to attend the college’s summer schoolII otherwise he would have been able to continue his study in the classШif he had failed the philosophy final, he would have been able to find time to work to earn money for next-term tuitionA. I onlyB. I and IIC. I andШD. I, II and Ш97. The incomplete sentence of" So far so good" (Paragraph 10) can probably be used to mean _____________.A. I t is goode as long as I can do itB. Until now things have gone wellC. Though until now things have gone well, I still hope to do it betterD. Though I am not so sure if all my answers are correct, I still fell OK98. Why someone sneezed the writer( Paragraph 11)?A. Perhaps he wanted the writer to give him a hint.B. Perhaps the man wanted to give the writer a hint on some point.C. Perhaps the writer had fallen asleep during the examD. Perhaps the man wanted to remind the writer of little time to be left99. The whole paragraph 13 from “I thought I’d used up all my adrenaline to answering the questions” is used to_________.A. describe the writer’s reflection of what he should have done before the examB. describe the depressed feeling of the write when knowing he failed in the examC. describe worrying mood in the exan and contradictory thoughts over his work at his philosophical classD. describe how sorry the writer was feeling for his not having been working enough for his philosophical class 100. The writer believed he had passed the exam _____________.A. as the result of his hard workB. as the result of his professor’s showing mercy to himC. mainly due to his tireless revision in the night before the examD. out of his expectationPart V. Writing and Translation (30 points, 15 points for each)Section A: Writing(15 points for each)Directions: Write an essay, in no less than 180 words according to the following demands. Remember to write your composition on your ANSWER SHEET.Title: The Future Prosperity of Our Country and the Peasant ProblemOutline: A. e encouraging economic situation of our country and the low-income level of our peasantsB. The core of our peasant problem and the way-out for our peasantsC. Measures to be taken to speed up the reform in our countryside to increase the income of our peasants Section B: Translation(15 points for each)Directions: Put the following passage into English and remember to write down your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.人们可以对欧元的贬值或美元的走强，提供很多的解释，这是问题的另一面。

北理工申请考核博士-回复首先，感谢你对北理工博士申请考核的兴趣。

在下面的文章中，我将为你一步一步解答有关北理工博士申请考核的相关问题，以帮助你更好地了解申请流程和要求。

第一步：了解北理工博士申请考核的基本情况北理工博士申请考核是北方工业大学为了选拔优秀的博士研究生而设立的一项考核制度。

通过考核，学校将选择合适的候选人进入博士研究生阶段，为他们提供优质的科研和学术环境。

第二步：准备申请材料在申请考核之前，你需要准备一系列的申请材料。

通常包括以下内容：1. 个人简历和自我介绍：详细描述个人学习、科研和工作经历，突出自己的成就和优势。

2. 学术成绩单和学位证书：提供你的本科和硕士学位证书以及相关成绩单。

3. 研究计划和论文发表情况：撰写详细的研究计划，说明你的研究方向和兴趣，并提供已经发表的论文或研究成果。

4. 推荐信：至少提供两封教授或导师的推荐信，以证明你的能力和潜力。

第三步：填写申请表格北理工博士申请考核需要填写在线申请表格。

需要提供个人基本信息、申请人来源、教育背景、研究计划、论文发表情况、奖励情况等详细信息。

确保填写准确、完整，并按照要求上传各类证明材料。

第四步：参加面试在提交申请后，学校将根据申请材料筛选合格的候选人，并通知他们参加面试。

面试的目的是进一步了解申请人的专业知识、科研能力和个人素质。

通常面试的形式包括个人陈述、学术报告和面试问答。

第五步：等待录取结果面试结束后，北理工将根据面试结果综合评估申请人的综合素质并进行录取。

录取结果将以电子邮件、通知书或电话的形式通知申请人。

如果录取成功，还需要缴纳相关费用并办理注册手续。

总结：北理工博士申请考核是一个相对严格和完善的选拔制度，通过上述的步骤，你可以系统地了解申请流程和要求。

希望这篇文章能帮助你更好地准备北理工博士申请考核，并成功进入博士研究生阶段。

北理工申请考核博士一、背景介绍北京理工大学（以下简称北理工）作为中国著名的高水平研究型大学，拥有卓越的科研实力和优质的教育资源。

博士研究生是北理工培养创新人才的重要渠道之一。

本文将介绍北理工博士申请考核的相关事项和流程。

二、申请要求和条件1.学历要求：申请者应具备硕士学位或同等学历。

2.年龄要求：通常要求申请者年龄在35周岁以下。

3.学术成绩：申请者应具备良好的学术成绩和研究潜力，如发表学术论文、参与科研项目等。

4.推荐信：需要提供两封推荐信，推荐人应为具有一定学术权威的专家或导师。

5.英语水平：国际学术交流和出版要求英语水平符合要求，通常要求具备一定的英语阅读、写作和口语能力。

三、申请流程1.确定导师：在申请前，可以根据自己的研究方向和兴趣，选择合适的导师，并与导师取得联系。

2.准备材料：准备好个人简历、学术成绩单、推荐信、研究计划等申请材料。

3.在线申请：通过北理工指定的在线申请系统提交申请材料，并支付申请费用（如有）。

4.考核面试：申请材料审核通过后，将被邀请参加考核面试。

面试通常包括个人陈述、学术交流和问题答辩等环节。

5.综合评定：根据申请材料和面试表现，综合评定申请者的学术能力和潜力，确定是否录取。

四、申请准备1.确定研究方向：在申请前，应对自己的研究兴趣进行深入思考和调研，确定研究方向和课题。

2.学术论文发表：积极参与科研项目并发表学术论文，提升自己的学术声誉和研究实力。

3.寻找导师：了解北理工的导师团队，寻找符合自己研究方向的导师，并与导师取得联系。

4.学术交流和实习：参加学术会议、研讨会等活动，扩展自己的学术视野，并尝试在相关实验室进行实习。

五、申请注意事项1.提前准备：博士申请是一个漫长而复杂的过程，需要提前做好准备，包括准备申请材料和确定研究方向。

2.选择导师：选择合适的导师对于博士研究生的培养和发展至关重要，应慎重选择。

3.研究计划：撰写具有可行性和创新性的研究计划，展示自己的研究思路和潜力。

北理工博士研究生招生英语考试Beihang University Doctoral Program Admission English ExamBeihang University, also known as Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BUAA), is a prestigious academic institution located in Beijing, China. The university offers a wide range of programs for graduate students, including a highly competitive Doctoral Program that attracts top talents from around the world.As part of the admission process for the Doctoral Program, applicants are required to take an English exam to assess their language proficiency. The exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in English, as well as their ability to communicate effectively in an academic setting.The exam typically consists of multiple-choice questions, reading comprehension passages, writing tasks, and a speaking component. Applicants are expected to demonstrate a high level of proficiency in English in order to be considered for admission to the Doctoral Program at Beihang University.Preparing for the English exam is crucial for prospective applicants, as a strong performance on the exam can increase their chances of being admitted to the prestigious program. Applicants are encouraged to practice their English skills regularly, engage in language study, and seek out tutoring or preparation resources to help them succeed on the exam.For international applicants, additional attention may be required to ensure that they meet the English language proficiency requirements set by Beihang University. In some cases, applicants may need to submit official scores from standardized English proficiency tests such as TOEFL or IELTS to demonstrate their proficiency in English.Overall, the English exam for the Beihang University Doctoral Program is an important step in the admissions process and plays a crucial role in determining the academic readiness of prospective students. By preparing diligently and demonstrating strong English skills, applicants can increase their chances of being admitted to the prestigious program and pursuing their academic goals at one of China's top universities.。

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=E A 019242C 722C 1;<1@701?76A 1?;3661?15792G I /E 7;2C 1@/08?7392342C 72?321676;@=?2=61?7@D4@353?32;G H 1?35139797A 1/:@/0016@37?34079E481@27@?1G H 632164411D 2C 1?301?3A C 2!79E/91>7;2/<74D 3932342/8=<?34C61531>42C 724@/6@C2C 1?79E 4@781!>32CQ 7?1Z 1@D 742C 1:70/=4!<=29/272;83@7?!@741398/392G P 13E 3]=?75324!39791447;39I C 1Y 1?31516!?701921E2C 1E />9:=??/:4163/=4:3@23/979E61531>39A G .C 14=6B 51;1E7?321676;@=?2=612C 72C 7E10<67@1E #4976D $!C 162160:/6C /423?1!41?:B 416539A61531>4GI C 14976D 61531>!7@@/6E 39A2/]=?75324!14@C 1>474163/=419A 7A 10192>32C?321672=6139:75/6/:74/=9E B <3217886/7@C !7972210822/2=692C 161531>392/7:/60/:19216273901927D392/:3?061531>4/6614B 27=6792@6323O =14G N@6323@:/=9E@=?2=67?@6323@3402/<139#@6323@7?@/9E 323/9G $c /6C 30!2C 18/420/E 1692=692/2C 1/6;!39324O =1423/939A/:/<b 1@23532;!@=22C 1@6323@7?!39E 1819E 192A 6/=9E/=2:6/0=9E 1661531>164G I C 16341/:@C 739<//D42/61479E<?/@D<=4216<14241??164E 101791E?321676;@=?2=61!07D39A32861;2/2C 1@/0B 016@37?57?=14/:2C 1076D1279E1921627390192GI C 1@6323@340E /149/24110E 34@/9239=/=4G ‘/64C /=?E>1:/6A 122C 72@353?32;6761?;613A 91E392C 1@36B @?14/:‘1>V /6D 3921??1@2=7?4G I C 1762@6323@M ?10192g 6119<16A8C ;43@7??;8=001?1E2C 12C 17216@6323@U 3/B 91?N <1?7:216N <1?61b 1@21E2C 1531>2C 72]179H7??!2C 1c 619@C 8C 3?/4/8C 16!>747923B .10323@G I C /=A C d /<B 162Z 1@D C 742C 1618=2723/9/:7?321676;C 72@C 12079!4/:7674X D9/>C 34<?/>42C =4:76C 7517??<119@/9B :391E2/2C 1863921E87A 1GM =?2=67?@6323@340C 74@162739?;@C 79A 1E/5162C 1;1764G I C 1/?EE 7;4/:2C 1@6323@>C />31?E 1E=9@C 7?B ?19A 1E7=2C /632;C 751C 7883?;87441E G K =643470/618?=67?3423@7A 1!/919/2<1C /?E 192/79766/>?321676;@=?2=61G I C 1E 10/@6723S723/9/:@6323@340,74392C 1N 07S/9!4;4210/:617E 164R 157?=7239A<//D4,3470144;7::736!74E 10/@67@;0=42<1G Y =22C 14/?=23/92/2C 186/<?104/:@6323@340392C 1861419234<1429/2E 34@/5161E392C 10=42;<74101924/:9/427?A 3779E419230192:/62C 1@=?2=67?@6323@340/:7C 7?:B @192=6;A /91G d 72C 162C 14/?=23/9342/61@/A 93S1!74]/C 9Q 1>1;E 3E7?0/427@192=6;7A /!2C 722C 186/<?104/:E 10/@67@;E 1079E0/61E 10/@67@;!?1449/427?A 37:/67A /?E 197A 12C 7291516>74!79E 7483632/:北京理工大学"##-年考博英语真题!66"/81991442/>C 723491>79E3953A /67239A39/=6@=?2=61G$$G HC 72342C 18/443<?1@/991@23/9<12>119@=?2=67?@6323@479E8=<?3@723/9479E394232=23/94-N G M =?2=67?@6323@47227@D 8/420/E 16934079E@/0016@37?3S723/9@C 1634C 1E<;8=<?3@723/9479E394232=B 23/94GY G Z /420/E 16934079E@/0016@37?3S723/97617227@D1E<;2C 14163/=48=<?3@723/9479E394232=23/94G M G M =?2=67?@6323@340344C /62/:b =E A 0192479E>3??9/21F342>32C /=22C 14=88/62/:8=<?3@723/9479E39423B 2=23/94GQ G Z =<?3@723/9479E394232=23/944C />7?0/429/39216142394163/=4@=?2=67?@6323@340G $"G P />E /2C 1=93516432;@6323@4?3D12C 14163/=4@=?2=67?@6323@340-N G M =?2=67?@6323@340349/24163/=419/=A C>C 192C 17623@?14761>632219392C 1@/S;86/4142;?1G Y G Z /8=?76@=?2=61344/861573?39A2C 724163/=4@6323@47619/2>3??39A2/D1182/2C 14C 7??/>4279E 76E 4G M G .163/=4@=?2=67?@6323@34034:=??/:3943A 93:3@792O =7661?479E2C 18=<?3@E /9/2617??;26=4232GQ G M =?2=67?@6323@4C 751<1@/014/4163/=4742/21??2C 142/631430<=1E>32CN 0163@793921??1@2=7?Z =63B 279340G$)G HC 72342C 17=2C /6R 4/8393/9/:2C 1@=66192@/08?73927</=22C 1?321676;1F87943/9392/2C 1/2C 16:31?E 4-N G H C 19?321676;@6323@4E 34@=44344=14>32C 8/?323@7?b =E A 01924!2C 136531>4761?3D1?;2/<1017939A ?144G Y G X 2346174/97<?1:/6>6321642/411D ?301?3A C 2439@1>1761?3539A392C 17A 1/:@/0016@37?340G M G M 6323@44C /=?E<119@/=67A 1E2/>632179E8=<?34C8/3A 97927623@?14>C 3@C>/=?E4@/6@C2C 1?79E B 4@781GQ G X 2342C 1@6323@4R 6148/943<3?32;2/?701922C 1E />9:7??/:4163/=4:3@23/979E61531>39A G $&G H C 72E /14#2C 14976D 61531>$61:162/7@@/6E 39A2/P 13E 3]=?75324-N G M =?2=67?61531>4>C 3@C761=9:6319E ?;79E41?:?144G Y G U 321676;61531>475/3E 39A4163/=4@6323@340G M G [92162739019261531>4392C 1:3?039E =426;G Q G Z /420/E 16961531>439E 1819E 192/:/<b 1@23532;G$%G X 9/6E 162/:39E 7>7;/=22C 1@=66192E 3?1007:/62C 1@=?2=67?@6323@340!2C 17=2C /64=A A 14242C 72GN G >14C /=?E612=692/2C 1/?EE 7;4>C 192C 1@6323@487441E2C 136b =E A 01924>32C /=2@C 7??19A 14Y G 8?=67?3404C /=?E<1C 1?E<7@D !6139:/6@39A2C 1=9@C 7??19A 1E7=2C /632;392C 1?321676;@6323@340M G E 10/@6723@@6323@3404C /=?E9/2<17E /821E<1@7=413234672C 160144;7486/51E392C 1N 07S/94;4210Q G >14C /=?E19@/=67A 10/61E 10/@67@;!E 3403449/427?A 3779E@=?23572179/81972232=E 1$%::%;’3X 9]=?;!7?0/42=99/23@1E<;2C 19723/97?86144!7E 17E ?;<36E536=4766351E/978C 174792:76039.=6B 61;G [F81624:6/02C 1Q 187620192:/62C 1[9536/90192!c //E79Ed =67?N ::7364*Q 1:67+3E 1923:31E‘1>@742?1E 341741!7536=4=4=7??;0/627?2/2=6D1;479EA 1141<=29/2C =0794!397:?/@D /:,###8C 174792@C 3@D4308/621E:/60c 679@17C 17E/:2C 14C //239A4174/9GH32C 39C /=64/:2C 1E 37A 9/434!512163976;1F81624C 7E4>=9A392/7@23/9!2C 6/>39A=87)D01F@?=43/9S/9176/=9E2C 1:7609176M /<C 7079E@=??39A$####<36E 4G I C 1@76@74414>161<=691E79E86103414@?1791E2/42/82C 1536=414@7839A G X 2>74:/=6>11D4<1:/61Q 1:67R 4W 12163976;[F/23@Q 34@7414Q 35343/9:1?232>7447:1:/68/=?26;0/51536=4!C 74617@C 1EI =6D1;!4303?761016A 19@;8?794761<139A617E 31E<;/::3B @37?4:6/0Q 1:6779E/2C 167A 19@314G I C 14@19763/2C 1;76186187639A:/6342C 1P %‘$536=4!>C 3@C4/:76C 74?1E2/2C 1@=??39A/:<3??3/94/:@C 3@D194394/=2C B @742N 43779E-#C =079E 172C 4!>3??4//9766351/92C 1414C /614GH C 72C 78819491F2E 1819E 4/9>C 1612C 1/=2<617D /@@=64!>C 12C 1632@79<1@/927391E79E ,0/42308/62792/:7??,>C 12C 16320=272142/<1@/0139:1@23/=4<12>11981/8?1G ./:76!/9?;8/=?26;>/6D164/:2C /41E 361@2?;1F8/41E2/@C 3@D19:7@14/6<?//E7612C /=A C 22/<172634D !2C /=A CE 361@2C =079B 2/B C =079!6I"2679403443/9@799/2<16=?1E9/2G#[516;2301791>8164/9A 12439:1@21E>32C 2C 1536=42C 161347407??@C 79@12C 728164/9>3??263A A 167879E 103@$!473E‘13?c 16A =4/9!74@319234272X 081637?M /??1A 1!>C /C 74<1196=9939A430=?723/94/9>C 7203A C 2C 78819>161P %‘X 2/617@CY 632739!#X 2R 47516;407??@C 79@1!86/<7<?;$397$###!$39$####/6?144G $.C /=?EE 341741E<36E 4617@CY 632739!2C 1:36424218:/6512163976;/::3@37?4>/=?E<12/@/927392C 1/=2B <617D 742C 1;E 3E>32C ‘1>@742?1E 341741G N 970<167?162>/=?E<14/=9E 1E79E4708?1441922/2C 1W 12B 163976;U 7</672/6;N A 19@;*W U N +39H1;<63E A 1!.=661;G X :X 79Y 6/>9!2C 1C 17E/:75379536/?/A ;2C 161!@/9B :36042C 1@7=41/:E 172C 74P %‘$!2C 17?162?151?>3??<167341E2/61E79E7>C /?1416314/:1016A 19@;86/B @1E =614!:6/0O =76792391!614263@23/9/:8/=?26;0/51019242/@=??39A !>3??4>39A392/7@23/9G K 2C 167A 19@314!4=@C742C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C !2C 1P 17?2CZ 6/21@23/9N A 19@;79E2C 1J 393426;/:Q 1:19@1!>/=?E<1<6/=A C 2392/2C 1?//8G X 92C 1151922C 722C 1/=2<617D @799/2<1@/927391E !Q 1:6707;C 7512/@/943E 160744@=??39A86/A 67001479E2C 18/443<3?32;/:57@@39723/9GN 22C 348/392!>32C 2C 1634D /:2C 1536=448617E 39A2/C =0798/8=?723/94!2C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C >/=?E 788/3927^_9723/97?39:?=19S7879E 103@@/00322112/@//6E 397212C 16148/941/:C /48327?26=42479E?/@7?7=2C /632314G I C 1M 353?M /9239A 19@;.1@61276372*M M .+/:2C 1M 7<3912>3??7?4/<17?1621E79EM /<67!2C 11016A 19@;@/0032211>C 3@C@//6E 397214HC 321C 7??R 46148/9412/2166/6340!617E 31E:/678/443<?1<617DB E />939@353?/6E 16GI C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C R 4879E 103@8618761E 91448?798=<?34C 1E39J 76@C195347A 1474079;74%&###Y 632/94E ;39A392C 1:3642:1>0/92C 4/:7:?=879E 103@G Y =239]=91!M M ./::3@37?4>7691E2C 72@/=?E <179=9E 1614230721G I C 10/61?3D1?;:3A =61!2C 1;473E !>74’#####,786/b 1@23/92C 1Q 187620192/:P 172C 341F81@21E2/27D1/9</76E>C 1932=8E 7214324879E 103@8?79?72162C 340/2C GX 92C 10/424163/=4@741!/::3@37?4142307212C 161>/=?E<174079;E 172C 4392C 1$">11D4/:79183B E 103@742C 161=4=7??;761397;176G N 22C 1817D /:2C 1879E 103@!$,###81/8?1>/=?E61O =361C /48327?<1E 4!86/08239A@/=9@3?42/61O =34323/94@C //?42/7@@/00/E 7212C 143@DGI /261722C 1E ;39A !2C 1A /51690192>/=?E<1A 39E 67>39AE />932442/@D83?14/:I 703:?=*药名+!797923B 5367?E 6=A2C 72261724:?=G Y =2>32C/9?;$&0@/=6414!19/=A C:/67O =76216/:2C 18/8=?723/9!?3D1?;2/<17573?7<?1!4//916/6?72166723/939A>/=?EC 7512/<1308/41E !>32CC 17?2C86/:1443/97?479E14419237?@353?416579242C 1:364239?391G I C 1A /51690192>/=?E7?4/@/01=9E 1686144=612/61?174142/614/:324861@3/=4:?=57@@391G N 286141922C 161761@/9239A 19@;8?794:/6b =422>/2/2C 61103??3/9E /414G Y =22C 161349/A =76B 792112C 7257@@3914>C 3@C86/21@27A 73942799=7?C =079:?=42673947?4/>/6D 7A 73942P %P $GI C 1@/941O =19@14C 76E ?;<1762C 39D39A7</=2G [76?3162C 34;176!397E 614461C 17647?392C 1[742J 3E B ?79E 4@/E 19701EK 816723/9N 6@23@M 36@?1!/::3@37?4O =3@D?;@/9@?=E 1E2C 7207440/62=76314>/=?E<1911B E 1E2/<=6;2C 1E 17E G Y =29//91D9/>4>C 12C 16!392C 115192/:7879E 103@!79;/:2C 1410174=614>3??86/511::1@2351G ]/C 9N 53S3193=4!4193/64@31923:3@/::3@16722C 1d .Z M N79E7010<16/:Q 1:67R 47537939:?=B 19S7427D1C /?E 16A 6/=8!473E (#N ??;/=@79E /348?79:/62C 1>/642@7414@19763/G $I C 1:176342C 72>3?EA 11410/539A:6/0>142169M C 3972/.3<163707;C 75148617E2C 1536=42/415167?481@314/:E =@D479EA =??42C 72<631:?;53432Y 63234C4C /614/92C 136799=7?03A 6723/99/62C G I C 141E =@D4!079;/:>C 3@C07;9/24C />43A 94/:3??9144!07;<1874439A/92C 1536=42/8/=?26;/9Y 63234C:7604GX 92C 1C /812C 722C 1;7619/2!Q 1:6779E2C 1H3?E :/>?79EH 12?79E799/=9@1E?742>11D 2C 722C 1;>/=?E<1@/9E =@239A21424/9$$###>3?E<36E 4,2C 611239142C 19/607??151?G #I C 1634D /:7537939:?=19S748617E 39A:6/01742169d =44372/2C 1^_53703A 67239A<36E 434423???/>G $473EQ 1:67R 4@C 31:512!Q 1<<;d 1;9/?E 4G #P />1516!>1C 751473E7??7?/9A2C 72>10=42610739/92C 1?//D /=2G $$-G H C 72E /142C 1#4@19763/$39Z 767A 678C "01792/I =6D1;-N G I =6D1;>3??<11F8/41E2/2C 19723/9>3E 17A A 61443/9/:2C 1E 17E ?;536=4742C 10/42415161?;72B 27@D1E@/=926;/92C 1414C /614G北京理工大学"##-年考博英语真题!6J"Y G I =6D1;0=42D3??<3??3/94/:@C 3@D1979E/2C 16D39E 4/:8/=?26;G M G I =6D1;C 742/<16148/943<?1:/62C 1766357?/:P %‘$/92C 1414C /614G Q G N ??2C 1512163976;1F8162439I =6D1;>3??4//94>39A392/7@23/9G$’G H C 7234!7@@/6E 39A2/‘13?c 16A =4/9!2C 18/443<?1634D /:<36E:?=3:/91A 12439:1@21E -N G N 9;/91R 439:1@23/9>3??263A A 16879E 103@2C /=A C323486/<7<?;/91392192C /=479E G Y G [7@C230178164/9A 12439:1@21E>32C2C 1536=4>3??@7=417919/60/=4879E 103@<36E B :?=G M G I C 18164/939:1@21E>32C2C 1536=4>3??E /A 6172C 7602/81/8?176/=9EC 30GQ G X 234308/443<?12C 722C 1536=439:1@23/9/:7@1627398164/94>3??@7=4176723/97?<36E536=448617E 39A G $*G I C 1@C 79A 1/:7?162@/?/64:6/070<162/61E308?3142C 72GN G 7??8/=?26;>/6D1640=42?17512C 136>/6D39A8?7@14744//9748/443<?1Y G 2C 1/::3@37?4392C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C0=42@7??:/60=@C0/61/:392169723/97?74434279@1M G 2C 10/424163/=4432=723/9/:<36E B :?=C 747881761EQ G 2C 1@C 79A 1/:2C 1@/?/6:=9@23/94A 6172?;742C 1>172C 16618/624E /$,G H C 727612C 14218427D19<;2C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C/:^_>32C2C 1634D /:2C 1536=448617E 39A2/C =B0798/8=?723/9-N G I C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C61O =361EM 353?M /9239A 19@;.1@612763722/8=<?34CE /@=01924:/62C 1879B E 103@8618761E 9144GY G I C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C61O =361E2C 1^_9723/97?@/00322112/@/B >/6D >32CC /48327?26=42479E?/B @7?7=2C /632314GM G I C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C61O =361EM 353?M /9239A 19@;.1@612763722/07D17879E 103@8?79744//9748/443<?1GQ G I C 1Q 187620192/:P 17?2C61O =36141516;C /48327?2/42/61I 703:?=!2C 1861@3/=4:?=57@@391G "#G Y 63234CA /51690192R 4:176/:2C 1>3?EA 1141:6/0>142169M C 3972/.3<163734E =12/GN G 2C 1E /01423@E =@D479EA =??439:1@21E<;2C 1308/621EA 11412/Y 632739Y G 2C 18/=?26;/9Y 63234C:7604C 74<11939:1@21E<;2C 13003A 6721E>3E 1A 1141M G 2C 103A 6723/9/:2C 1>3?EA 11411516;>39216Q G Y 63234C4C /61439:1@21E<;2C 1A 1141536=4$%(7"+(%*:H %79-*%35&-9*7:&Y ’B79-*/(+(%*:H %7’7>’G -H H -,9*;:>-(7&%(%;(%&>:9*7-<>9*’:’1*.5&-9*7:+"$G [516;/91C 744/012C 39A2C 1;76174C 701E/:!7:673E/:/62C 722C 1;:11?A =3?2;7</=2G [7@C /:=4!39/=6/>9>7;!C 74E 15341E79172?322?1012C /E/:C 79E ?39A/=6E 76D 43E 1G H 107;D9/>C />2/C 3E 132G c 1>/:=4D9/>C />2/C 17?32G H C 19>161:=412/7E 032>C 72>1C 751E /91392C 18742!>1<?/@D /=6872C2/2C 1:=2=61G ‘/072216C />21663<?1>12C 39D >1761!C /><7E>1<1?3151>1C 751<119!C />?/>>12C 39D >1C 751:7??19!>1@79@?179/=6039E 479E<1A 397A 739G""G H 11F819E4/0=@C1916A ;26;39A2/:3F >C />1761!>16761?;A 122/D9/>/=641?514G X :>1617?B 3S1EC />861@3/=42C 1A 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/<67!也整体待命"三月份出版的健康部的流行病预备方案提出了在接下来的几个月会有%万&千英国人因为流感爆发死亡"但是到了-月!秘书处的官员警告说还远远不止这个数字"更有可能的会是七十万人!这是本月后期健康部就流行病计划的更新中做的预测"在最严重的情况下!官员们估计$"周后会出现死亡病例!通常情况是在一年后"在流行病的高峰时期!需要$万,千张床位!议会需要把学校腾出来给病人住"为了治疗疾病!政府会动用库存的I 703:?=!一种抗流感的药物"但所库存的量仅够供四分之一人口使用"对药品的限量使用是迟早的事"政府也会迫于压力发放之前库存的流感疫苗!目前大概有两三百万的剂量"但无法保证能用于抵制人类流感的疫苗会同时作用于P %‘$"但是结局很难想象"今年早些时候!在K 816723/9N 6@23@M 36@?1的一次彩排上!官员们认为!很多太平间需要用来存放尸体"但没有人知道在流行病传染期间!什么样的措施才能有效"d .Z M N 的科学家&Q 1:67禽类流感研究组织的成员约翰说(#你所能做的事就是做最坏的打算"$让人担心的是从中国西部迁往西伯利亚的野鹅可能已经将病毒传染给了几种不同类型的鸭子和海鸥!它们在向北迁徙中会在英国海岸短暂停留"很多鸭子没有病灶!但可能会把病毒传染给英国农场的家禽"条件关系处设题引言处设题同义转换①细节处设题①①因果关系处设题北京理工大学"##-年考博英语真题!J !"们认为自己有多么堕落!我们仍然可以净化思想!从头再来"点评本段出现的并列成分比较多!比如第一句中4/012C 39A 后的定语从句里!有三个并列的修饰部分(2C 1;76174C 701E/:!7:673E/:/62C 722C 1;:11?A =3?2;7</=2"最后一句话有三个9/072216C />的排比结构!这样三个结构翻译处理时可以只是按照字面翻译!也可以为了强调!把每个部分都完整翻译出来"最后一句可以用三个#无论我们认为$!也可以只用一个#无论我们认为$"""G 译文我们花费很多精力给自己定位!却很少去了解我们自己"如果我们意识到生命的本质有多么珍贵!我们就不会浪费一分一秒试图去改进"如果我们真正懂得自己对生命这份礼物而言是多么珍贵!我们也就不会浪费时间去给自己定位"点评本段语句简洁!没有太多复杂的句式"翻译时基本顺译就可以了"")G 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