托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第0190课

第十课 SpiritualityTarget Words1. agnostic 6.deify2. animism7.ecclesiastical3. atheist8.exalt4. be inclined to9.pious5. contemplate10.sacrificeDefinitions and Samples1. agnostic adj.a godHis devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs. Parts of speech agnostic n, agnosticism n2. animism n.The belief that natural objects, such as trees, have soulsDesert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds con-tain spirits.Parts of speech animistic adj3. atheist n.One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme beingHe argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist.atheistic adjCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.48Mind and Body4. be inclined to v.To favor an opinion or a course of actionHe couldn’t say which candidate he favored, but he had alwaysbeen inclined to vote Republican.Parts of speech incline n, inclination n5. contemplate v.To consider thoughtfullyIf you contemplate each step for so long, we will never complete thisproject on time.Parts of speech contemplation n, contemplative adj6. deify v.To worship as a godWhen people deify the leader of their country, the leader is able toabuse power more easily.Parts of speech deity n7. ecclesiastical adj.Relating to a churchHe was looking specifically for a university where he could studyecclesiastical history.Parts of speech ecclesiastic n, ecclesiastically adv8. exalt v.To praise or honorHe would often exalt the virtues of his new wife.Parts of speech exaltation n9. pious adj.Having or exhibiting religious reverenceSometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens.Parts of speech piousness n, piety n, piously adv10. sacrifice v.Anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving;giving up something in order to have something more valuable lateronEvery harvest time, the Fadeloni people sacrificed vegetables totheir gods as a show of thanks.Spirituality49In order to succeed in his career, he had to sacrifice his private lifeand his leisure time.Parts of speech sacrifice n, sacrificial adj, sacrificially adv TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word or phrase only once.be inclined to contemplate deify exalted sacrifice1. Traditionally, the Camerian society __________ its leaders, consider-ing them to be sent from the land of the gods.2. To do well in his university courses, he had to __________ a lot of hispersonal time.3. The generation of American leaders known as “the Founders” are__________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage.4. She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mothersaid, so she struggled to remain unbiased.5. The human resources department __________ whether they should letMary go.TOEFL Prep II Circle the likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words.1. animism, animal, animation Theroot anima probably meansa. colorb. deathc. manyd. life50 Mind and Body2. atheistic, amoral, apatheticThe prefix a probably meansa. notb. lovingc. excessived. surelyTOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.In Russia, several religions coexist, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and animism. The most common religion is Christianity, and most Christians are members of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Church has existed for over 1,000 years, surviving even the official atheism of the Soviet era and the agnosticism that may have been even more prominent at the time. During the communist years, many Russians who practiced Orthodoxy sacrificed career and educational opportunities.The tenacity of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are inclined to call themselves Russian Orthodox. That same staying power drives the Church today, which is run by Aleksey II of Moscow. Born Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger, the future patriarch was from a very pious family. As a boy, Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages, when he most certainly began contemplation of the religious way of life he was to choose. As patriarch, Aleksey is exalted in the Church governance, but he is not deified. Aleksey has published articles on Church history and peacemaking in both the ecclesiastical and secular press, broadening the Church’s image both in Russia and abroad.1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage?a. The Russian Orthodox Church was banned under Soviet control.b. Few Russians believe in a god.c. Aleksey II has updated the church’s image.d. The Russian Orthodox Church has a long history of strong mem-bership in Russia.leader.” position of churchworking in themeans “whileHere As patriarchBonus Structure —Spirituality512. According to the passage, Aleksey II of Moscow isa. a godb. a high church officialc. a secular leaderd. an atheistLesson 10 SpiritualityTOEFL Prep I1. deifies 2. sacrifice 3. exalted 4. beinclined to 5. contemplatedTOEFL Prep II 1. d 2. aTOEFL Success 1. d 2. b。

第38课写作词汇The Written WordTarget Words1. advent 6.illiterate2. ambiguous7.ingenious3. connotation8.inscription4. decipher9.phonetic5. denote10.symbolicDefinitions and Samples1. advent ing; arrivalThe advent of the automobile greatly increased the demand forpetroleum.Usage tips Advent is usually followed by an of phrase.2. ambiguous adj.Having more than one possible meaningThe sentence It’s hard to say is ambiguous, with different meanings in different contexts.Parts of speech ambiguity n, ambiguously adv3. connotation n. A meaning implied, not stated directlyWhen my boss says,“Thank you,” the connotation is that she’s done talking and I should leave.connote vCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.The Written Word187 4. decipher v.To figure out the meaning, even though it is written in acode or an unknown languageThe Rosetta Stone helped archaeologists decipher ancient Egyptianwriting.Usage tips A cipher is a code or puzzle;decipher means “solve apuzzle written in code.”5. denote v.To mean something clearly and directlyAn “X” next to a name on this list denotes a person who has beenchosen for the soccer team.Parts of speech denotation n6. illiterate adj.Unable to readIn many villages nearly everyone was illiterate and unschooled, andthe few who could read held great power.Parts of speech illiterate n, illiteracy n7. ingenious adj.Very clever and imaginativeAnn thought up an ingenious way to keep other people from acci-dentally taking her pens.Parts of speech ingenuity n, ingeniously adv8. inscription n.Something written into a piece of rock or metalThe inscription on my ring says “August 1,” because that was theday of our wedding.Parts of speech inscribe v9. phonetic adj.Related to the sounds in a languageChildren learning to write often make up phonetic spellings, based on the way a word sounds.Parts of speech phonetics n, phonetically adv188Culture10. symbolic adj.Acting as a sign for some other thing or ideaSince the 1970s, yellow ribbons have been symbolic of hope thatsomeone will return from a dangerous situation.Usage tips Symbolic is often followed by an of phrase indicating the meaning of a symbol.Parts of speech symbolize v, symbol n, symbolically adv TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. advent(a)approach or arrival2. decipher(b)newly invented in a clever way3. ingenious(c)to figure out the meaning4. inscription(d)related to spoken sounds5. phonetic(e)something written into a hardsurfaceTOEFL Prep II Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if nec-essary. Use each word only once.ambiguous connotation denote illiterate symbolic1. If my father told me to be quiet, the __________ was “I have aheadache.”2. The president’s response,“Wait and see,” was __________, meaningthat perhaps he would take action, perhaps not.3. In English writing, a mark called an apostrophe usually __________a missing letter, as in isn’t for is not.4. A circle with a plus attached (U) is __________ of “woman” and ofthe planet Venus.5. Farley was a poor, __________ boy from a remote area who latertaught himself to read and write.The Written Word 189TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.Johannes Gutenberg’s ingenious use of movable type in his printing press had a wide range of effects on European societies. Most obviously,readers no longer had to decipher odd handwriting, with ambiguous lettering, in order to read a written work. Gutenberg gave each letter standard forms, a move that had connotations far beyond the printing business. The inscriptions on tombstones and roadside mileposts, forexample, could now be standardized. The cost of books decreased. Even illiterate people benefited indirectly from the advent of this invention, as the general level of infor-mation in society increased. However, Gutenberg’s press was of limited use for languages that used picture-like symbols for writing instead of a phonetic system. Systems of symbolic pictographs, each of which denotes a word, require many thousands of characters to be cast into lead type by the printer. Phonetic systems, like the Latin alphabet, use the same few characters, recombined in thousands of ways to make different words.1. According to this reading, how did the invention of the printing press benefit illiterate people? a. It helped them learn to read.b. It raised the level of information in a society.c. It lowered the cost of books.d. It saved them from having to read ambiguous handwriting.2. Why was Gutenberg’s press not very practical for languages that use picture-like symbols? a. because character-based languages are made of pictographs b. because phonetic alphabets are clearerc. because there are too many characters to make movable type for each oned. because Gutenberg was European, so he didn’t know any character -based languagesBonus Structure — Most obviously introduces aneasy-to-see effectand implies thatless-clear effects will come later.190CultureLesson 38 The Written WordTOEFL Prep I 1.a 2.c 3.b 4.e 5.dTOEFL Prep II 1.connotation 2.ambiguous 3.denote4. symbolic5. literateTOEFL Success 1.b 2.c。

无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书—— 7天搞定托福单词内容说明:1本书完全免费放出,一共 1600左右个单词均为 100分必会单词!既然每个人在准备托福考试的时候都需要背单词,那么单词书就是一项基础性服务,基础性服务就应该免费!我们都需要空气,但是有人向我们收呼吸费么?电费和水费在欧洲很多国家也是不收的。

中国大陆第一本全免费的托福单词书,无老师制造! 这里是全免费的单词书,同时也是最优秀的单词书!2本单词书是将所有托福真题文章的内容合并在一起,进行词频统计,统计结束时之后,无老师在将所有单词由高到低排列,保证我们先背出现次数多的,保证了大家最高的效率。

为了提高新托福考试在这本单词书中的排位,本书在统计之前就已经将新托福的文章按照两次进行计算,保证考友们背的单词,是最鲜活的单词。

3这本《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》在单词统计结束之后,由无老师亲自筛选, 将我们都很熟悉的单词比如说 apple 、 the 这样的单词全部去掉。

这样极大的减少了考友们的需要背的单词的量。

4由于这本《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》的单词,是按照从高到低的次序来进行排列的, 因此极大的满足了不同考友的个性化需要。

如果你需要考到 100分以上 , 那么你要把所有单词都背过,但是你如果仅需要考 80分,那么出现频率为 3次的单词你就可以不背,因为被考到的几率相对偏小。

5在同一出现频率上, 《无老师 Toefl 词汇红宝书》也是打破了以前的做法,现在是由 Z-A 的排列方式。

防止产生疲劳感。

因为我们发现将单词进行扩展是很简单的,但是难就难在把这个单词背下来,因此把同词根的放到一起,保证了一个单词一旦背下来,那么相关的一系列的单词就迎刃而解。

7单词书为了保证原汁原味,将单词在托福考试之中最常出现的形式作为默认显示方式列出, (括号之中的内容为单词的原型8托福考试要求最为贴近生活,国内考试的考试目的完全不同,因此国内考试会涉及到的很多意项,在托福考试当中不会考到。

400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL第一课60个词Chapter 1 Nature 20-371 Food CropsTarget Words1. ab and on 放弃2. ad ver sely 相反地con ver selyver转；versatilecon ver tible《converselyuniversityuniverseuniversally3. agg re gate合计把egg 不断re在gate里面合计总数。

你究竟有几个好哥哥4. cul tivation 教化；培养熟词cultiv ate，cul=culture—三流的企业靠技巧二流的企业靠管理一流的企业靠文化5. fer ti lize施肥；使丰饶fertilizer 肥料6. in ten si fy 加剧intensive class7. irri gation8. ob tainNo pain，no gain^9. photo synthesis 光和作用photo；synthetic 合成的10. prec i p i tat i on 降水量2 DisasterTarget Words1. anti cipate预期=part icipate 参加2. cat astrophic [ˌkætə'strɔfik]adj. 灾难的; 悲惨的; 激变的; 惨败的3. co llide 碰撞co-teach；co habit￥4. e rupt ion 爆发rupt 破裂bankruptcorrupt5. fa mine ['fæmin]father 在mine 里很饥饿6. flood 洪水7. im pact 影响=influence=effect have an impact on8. per severe 坚持[pə:sə'viə] persist=insist|男人应该对自己狠一点，坚持到底9. plu n ge [plʌndʒ]和plus 哥，一起跳河10. un leash ['ʌn'li:ʃ;ʌn'li:ʃ] 解开lease 合同约束rent3 Evolution and MigrationTarget Words1. ad a pt 改编；适应a djustad o pt 收养嘴巴吃饭的人[2. di ver se 多种多样的diversi ty=melting pot3. evolve 进化viv 活的vivid4. f eat ure以….为特色；以….为主演；兰州吃的很有特色This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.5. gene ration6. in here nt adj/固有的；内在的；与生俱来的in ner peace7. mi grationim migrate （immigration intention）e migrate8. physicalPhysical Educationphysically and mentally9. pro cess；progress10. sur viv e%4 Petr ole um Alter nativesTarget Words1. cons train t 强制train 训练都是强制的2. conta min ationmine污染大3. de plete 耗尽de crease; de scendcomplete,4. dis pose of 处置miss；dismiss5. ele mental 基本的elementary school6. e mission 排放量7. extinctionex tin ct 灭绝的8. reserv oir 水池reserve；well-reserved9. sh rink 收shou缩10. s table*Chapter 2 ScienceTime EfficiencyTarget Words1. adjust 调整一下使其正好2. ar bi tr ary 任意的;武断的Art 艺术在try 的时候都比较任意\恣意3. de nominator 分母de 下面的(numerator 分子)4. ex p one ntially 成倍地5. infini te simal 特小的@6. max imize7. para ll el；para phrase8. pro port ion9. rate；interest rates；exchange rate10. se quence 序列consequenceAncient LifeTarget Words1. ac cura cy；cure；accurate…2. adj a cent 和钱很接近3. com press4. f easi bly 可行的5. gut 勇气，剧情plot6. inte g ral7. over lap重叠laptop8. re tain 保持9. see p漏，渗出；看，有纰漏10. s truct ure；construction|第二课400托福词汇之二ComputersTarget Words1. circ ulate ; circulation流通2. cor rode腐蚀e rode熟词cor rupt3. derive4. detection ; detectivetect=pect=spect=look,spector；repect5. ex ped itiously 敏捷地ex(向外)+ped(足，脚掌，走) pedal 踏板6. im plement 实施compl i ment 表扬compl e ment 补充7. in nov ative；le nov o；legend8. install ation9. main ten ance*10. simu lation 仿真sames t imu lationE ner gyTarget Words1. com bus tion 燃烧2. com ponent 元件3. con vey4. dis crete ly 分别创造（分离地）5. nucleus 原子核…nuclear原子核的6. per meat e7. rotate 旋转rotation（NBA）8. solarlunar9. source10. tri gger 触发Memory&Target Words1. acquisitionacquire2. anomaly 反常abnormal=per ver ted3. consciously=unknowingly subconsciousness4. de grade（inferior）5. gap6. indisputable《dispute 争论7. inter vene8. in tui tively ；tuition直觉地9. re cede10. re tri eveSpiritualityTarget Words1. ag no stic 不可知论的|igno rancenotorious2. animi sm灵气论animation卡通cartoon3. a the ist 只崇拜he自己的人，无神论者4. be inclined to ；be subjected to5. con templ ate6. dei fy敬如神，像见到自己的dad7. ecc lesia stical 拉萨有教会的@8. ex alt 到外面赞扬9. p i ous=religious10. sa cri ficeIllnessTarget Words1. ag grav ate恶化grave2. de crepit 衰退3. dis ease~4. fatally5. fo ren sics 对人的一种科学（辩论学）6. per sist7. pro gnosis 诊断8. term inal；terminate9. vein 静脉veil 面纱pre vail10. w ound；hurt；injury$第三课托福必考400词汇之三SurgeryTarget Words1. a nest hesia 麻醉剂进入Bird Nest 像打了麻醉剂2. aug men t 增大August, 孩子都八个月了,一定很大了3. certifi ably 可证明的4. complicat ion 混乱；并发症；=chaoscomplicated=complex5. cure{6. im plant种植implement7. inject8. obese 远离妹妹的眼球，因为太肥胖了（噢必死, 肥胖必死）9. proce dureprocess10. s carGhostsTarget Words1. astro logical`astro- is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space.2. di vi nation玄学(相信数字占卜未来的国家)3. h aunt4. horror5. intermedi ary 媒介的；中间的6. in vo ke 恳求7. medi t ate 深思mediate 调停在table上深思调停的方法8. phan tom n. 幽灵adj. 幻觉的【Tom 是个幽灵9. psychic 灵魂的10. self-perpetuating；eternal; eternityadj. 能使自身永久存在的An thropologyTarget Words1. as simil ate 同化，吸收2. cre mat ion 火化，火葬3. domestic ate 教化；驯养(4. folklore 民间传说5. fossilize 使成化石6. re lic 废墟；遗物回收re7. rite 仪式right8. ritually 仪式上的9. saga 冒险故事(巴嘎)10. vest ige 遗迹(哥哥的背心)Social Inequality#Target Words1. amend 改善2. bia sed 有偏见的; dis tort3. burden 使负担4. counter 柜台; count on=live off counterpart5. de fact o （法）实际上地6. dis crim inate 歧视7. notion；note8. op press压迫;9. para digm 范例10. pre judice 偏见ExpertiseTarget Words1. cu rri cu lum （see you, see you）2. distinct 明显的; instinct3. e rud ite 博学的学好english 让rude 的人变的博学4. fortify:5. implicitly 含蓄地imply; timid；6. pa rochial 教区father7. rigor 严厉rigid 德国人严厉而睿智8. roster 花名册roast 烧烤9. secu lar 牧师确保人内心安全的人—10. sus pend延迟三思再花钱suspectsuspicionMilitary OperationsTarget Words1. all egiance 忠诚ally 盟友2. art illery）使用大炮是一种艺术3. battle4. cease 停止cancel lease5. hier arch y 等级制度architect6. t ren ch 沟渠又是人又是车7. mo bilize; motivation; self-motivated8. ran k；9. ratio=rate10. strate gic；tactic国家state 层面的，一定是战略性的War and ConquestTarget Words1. an nex 附属物next；=access ory2. apex 顶点&ape猿人很高到了顶点<金刚>3. col lap se ; laptop4. conquestconquer5. de vi se6. invasiveinvade; evade7. pre vail ing8. re sis t9. severely《10. violation 违背400托福必考词汇之四HistoryTarget Words1. chronologicchro nicle；chao；chaos2. coincidecoincidence3. consequence和sese的queen在一起, 结果很严重【4. core5. de ny6. di mini sh 减少7. long itude 经度grat itudegratuityat titudea l titude8. milieu 环境弥留之间依然对环境sensitive|9. recon ciliation 和谐和解, 讲和【记】源于: reconcile(v 使和解), re反复, conciliate(v 安慰)Financial SystemsTarget Words1. al locate使座落于2. commo dity3. de c line 拒绝4. equity 公平}5. in flat ion6. net7. per capita 人均8. regulate9. subsidy10. tangible 有形的River 跳探戈很有形Wealth and Social ClassTarget Words【1. accumulate2. af fluence富裕3. elite4. impoverish 使贫穷poverty5. luxury6. nobility；note7. pre stige=re putation=fame8. pri vilege9. prosper 使繁荣@prosperous10. working classmainstream；middle class；grassroot Personal PropertyTarget Words1. acquire2. ass e ss；poss e ssion3. as set资产settlement4. hazardous$horizon 开阔视野,必有风险enwiden；shorten；strengthen；broaden di ver sity5. jointlyjointly vent ure6. lease=rent；c ease；cozy7. liability 责任reliable8. proprietor 业主priority; real estate; property；9. safeguard10. sole 单独的EmploymentTarget Words1. com pen sate2. dynamic 动态的;有活力的dynasty 朝代必然有变动drama tic3. enterprising 有事业心的~entrepreneurs4. ex ploit 开采；explore；5. in cent ive；annual6. industrious =diligent勤奋的7. margin alize8. merit 优点我总是对的drawback9. pro mo te10. re signre tire！International TradeTarget Words1. dis t ill滴下(病了,打点滴) Tears distilled slowly from her eyes.泪水从她的眼睛里慢慢地滴下来。

托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第12课第12课 SurgeryTarget Words1. anesthesia 6.implant2. augment7.inject3. certifiably8.obese4. complication9.procedure5. cure10.scarDefinitions and Samples1. anesthesia n.Techniques for reducing sensation and feeling, especiallyto control painThe Civil War was the first American war when anesthesia was widely used in surgery on soldiers.Usage tips Anesthesia and anesthetic are often used interchangeably. Parts of speech anesthetic n, adj2. augment v.To make bigger or better by adding toIn some types of popular cosmetic surgery people augment parts oftheir bodies.The college augmented its course offerings because students com-plained that there were too few choices.Parts of speech augmentation nCopyright ? 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Surgery 573. certifiably adv. In a manner that is officially recognizedHe couldn’t be institutionalized until he was declaredcertifiably insane.Parts of speech certify v, certification n, certificate n, certifiable adj4. complication n.complexThe surgeons could not easily stop the bleeding because of complications related to the patient’s diabetes.complicate v5. cure v. To restore to healthThey say laughter can help cure many illnesses.cure n6. implant v. To set in firmly; to insert in the body surgically The actress had cheek implants to make her face look fuller.implantation n7. inject v. To insert a liquid by means of a syringeThe doctor used a needle to inject the medicine slowly into her arm.injection n8. obese adj. Excessively overweightMore Americans are obese now because U.S. culture encourages overeating and discourages exercise.obesity n9. procedure n. A specific way of performing or doing somethingThe flight attendant explained the emergency evacuation procedure.Parts of speech proceed v, procedural adjParts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speech Parts of speechA factor that makes something more difficult or58Mind and Body10. scar n.A mark on the skin left after a wound has healed;a lasting signof damage, either mental or physicalThe surgery was successful, but it left a large scar across her abdomen.Parts of speech scar vTOEFL Prep I For each word, choose the word or phrase that has the most similar meaning.Write the letter of your choice on the line.1.scar(a) bandage(b) mark(c) shine(d) cover2.augment(a) take away(b) discuss(c) use(d) add to/doc/e26058763.html,plication(a) added difficulty(b) improved performance(c) method of training(d) prediction about results4.obese(a) attractive(b) healthy(c) very overweight(d) high5.cure(a) heal(b) study(c) diagnose(d) tie upTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. The (procedure / scar) to prepare for the surgery took four hours.2. Only seriously (certifiable / obese) people should get their stomachssurgically reduced.3. He almost died during the operation because the doctors did not givehim the right kind of (anesthesia / complication).4. Doctors are now able to (cure / implant) many types of sickness thatwere usually fatal in the past.5. Before (augmenting / injecting) a painkiller, the dentist rubbed cloveson the woman’s gums to numb them.Surgery 59TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.Since 1992, the number of cosmetic surgery procedures has risen 175 percent in the United States.Two of the most popular are liposuction and breast augmentation. In liposuction,the doctor inserts a small tube into theskin that sucks fat from the body. And while it may sound easy, it isn’t. Liposuction is so painful that people are often given anesthesia. What’s more, lip osuction is not really a cure for obesity. Rather, it should be used when diet andexercise do not reduce fat in certain “trouble spots.” Another common cosmetic procedure is breast aug- mentation. In this procedure, an implant is inserted through the armpit, making the breasts appear larger. Breast augmentation usually leaves only a small scar. Some common complications include the effects of anesthesia, infection, swelling, redness, bleeding, and pain. To reduce these risks, consumers are advised to be sure that their surgeon is board -certified.1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a. Cosmetic surgery is dangerous.b. Many people do not have cosmetic surgery because of the pain.c. Cosmetic surgery is increasing in popularity in the United States.d. Breast reduction is almost as popular as breast augmentation. 2. In the underlined sentence, trouble spots refers to a. places where people are commonly overweight b. methods of exercise that aren’t effectivec. parts of the body where liposuction doesn’t workd. specific areas on the body where fat is hard to minimizeLesson 12 SurgeryTOEFL Prep I 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. aTOEFL Prep II 1. procedure 2. obese 3. anesthesia 4. cure5. injectingTOEFL Success 1. c 2. dimpor tantly.”even moremeans “in addition;What’s more Bonus Structure —。

托福成功之路400单词详解与练习第26课第26课 A Reasonable DoubtTarget Words1. accuse 6.offense2. allegedly7.peer3. civil8.suspect4. convict9.verdict5. guilty10.witnessDefinitions and Samples1. accuse v.To say that someone did something wrong (e.g., committed acrime)Jordan was accused of using a stolen credit card to buy about $300worth of electronic equipment.Usage tips Accuse is often used in the passive voice.Parts of speech accusation n, accuser n2. allegedly adv.According to what people sayThe chief financial officer of the company allegedly took companymoney for his personal use.Parts of speech allege v, allegation n3. civil adj.Involving a dispute between two citizens, not a criminal chargeIn a civil suit against his neighbor, Barney claimed that the neigh-bor’s dog had bitten him.Copyright ? 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.A Reasonable Doubt129 Usage tips In a court context,civil almost always appears in one ofthe following phrases: civil suit, civil action, civil court, civil proceedings, and civil penalties.4. convict v.To decide that someone is guilty of a crimeDean was convicted of assault after the jury saw a video of himstriking another man.Usage tips Convict is often used in the passive voice.Parts of speech convict n, conviction n5. guilty adj.Responsible for doing something badThe jury found that the director was guilty of embezzlement.Usage tips Guilty is often followed by an of phrase that names acrime or bad deed.Parts of speech guilt n, guiltily adv6. offense n. A specific act that breaks the lawConvicted twice of reckless driving,Victor will lose his license if hecommits another serious traffic offense.Parts of speech offender n, offensive adj7. peer n. A person who is one’s social equalIn requiring judgment by “a jury of one’s peers,” U.S. law meant to protect lower-class defendants from the possibly biased judgment of upper-class juries.8. suspect n.Someone who, in the opinion of the police, might have com-mitted a certain crimeThe police were investigating the activities of five suspects in theliquor-store robbery.Parts of speech suspect v, suspicion n, suspiciousadj, suspiciously adv130Government and Justice9. verdict n. A judgment in a court caseIt took the jury only 30 minutes to reach a verdict of “guilty.”Usage tips Verdict is often the object of the verbs reach orarrive at.10. witness v.To see something, especially a crime, happenAfter witnessing the car theft, Rodney called the police.witness nParts of speechTOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in mean-ing to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank.1. accuse(a)to determine that someone isguilty2. convict(b)responsible for a crime3. civil(c) a social equal4. guilty(d)being related to a personaldispute, not a crime5. peer(e) to say someone did a badthingTOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence.1. The most likely (suspect / witness) in the murder was the victim’sbrother, but no one actually saw the crime.2. The new president (allegedly / guiltily) had his main opponents killed,but he denies it.3. At one time in the United States, possession of marijuana was a minor(verdict / offense).4. The (witness / peer) made a poor impression on the jury because hecouldn’t remember many details about the crime scene.5. Juries are instructed to arrive at a unanimous (verdict / convict), oneagreeable to all members of the jury.A Reasonable Doubt 131TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you havelearned. Answer the questions that follow.One of the most controversial murder cases of the twentieth century was that involving the death of Marilyn Sheppard in 1954. Her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard, was accused of killing her and then injuring himself. An unlikely suspect, Sheppard was highly respected by his peers in the medical world. Still, there were odd aspects to the murder that Sheppard could not explain away. Unfortunately for Sheppard, none of his supporters actually witnessed the crime, so nobody could back up Sheppard’s claim that the real killer was a bushy -haired man whom Sheppard had chased across his lawn and fought with briefly.Sheppard was eventually convicted of the offense, but many people doubt ed the verdict. With aggressive help from a lawyer named F. Lee Bailey, Sheppard got a new trial. Bailey suggested many alternatives to Sheppard’s guilt, enough that the new jury could not say he was guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Sheppard was released from prison but diedsoon afterward. His son, Chip, pursued thecase through several civil and criminal proceedings in an attempt to find out the truth about his mother’s murder. Late in the 1990s, new DNA analysis techniques proved that someone other than Sam Sheppard and his family had been in the house that night. Sheppard’s story about the bushy-haired man had probably been accurate all along.1. Why was the Sheppard case unusual?a. A husband was accused of murdering his wife.b. The murder occurred in 1954.c. Doubt about the guilty verdict led to a second trial.d. The accused murderer said he didn’t do it.2. The author of this article implies that Sam Sheppard __________ a. did not kill his wifeb. lied about the bushy-haired manc. did not love his wifed. married again after he got out of prison Bonus Structure — The clause con-taining but and doubt signals that arguments against the verdict will be given.132Government and JusticeLesson 26 A Reasonable DoubtTOEFL Prep I1. e 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. cTOEFL Prep II 1. suspect 2. allegedly 3. offense 4. witness5. verdictTOEFL Success 1. c 2. a。

400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFL第一课60个词Chapter 1 Nature 20-371 Food CropsTarget Words1. ab and on 放弃2. ad ver sely 相反地con ver selyver转；versatilecon ver tibleconverselyuniversityuniverseuniversally3. agg re gate合计把egg 不断re在gate里面合计总数。

你究竟有几个好哥哥？4. cul tivation 教化；培养熟词cultiv ate，cul=culture三流的企业靠技巧二流的企业靠管理一流的企业靠文化5. fer ti lize施肥；使丰饶fertilizer 肥料6. in ten si fy 加剧intensive class7. irri gation8. ob tainNo pain，no gain9. photo synthesis 光和作用photo；synthetic 合成的10. prec i p i tat i on 降水量2 DisasterTarget Words1. anti cipate预期=part icipate 参加2. cat astrophic [ˌkætə'strɔfik]adj. 灾难的; 悲惨的; 激变的; 惨败的3. co llide 碰撞co-teach；co habit4. e rupt ion 爆发rupt 破裂bankruptcorrupt5. fa mine ['fæmin]father 在mine 里很饥饿6. flood 洪水7. im pact 影响=influence=effecthave an impact on8. per severe 坚持[pə:sə'viə]persist=insist男人应该对自己狠一点，坚持到底9. plu n ge [plʌndʒ]和plus 哥，一起跳河10. un leash ['ʌn'li:ʃ;ʌn'li:ʃ] 解开lease 合同约束rent3 Evolution and MigrationTarget Words1. ad a pt 改编；适应a djustad o pt 收养嘴巴吃饭的人2. di ver se 多种多样的diversi ty=melting pot3. evolve 进化viv 活的vivid4. f eat ure以….为特色；以….为主演；兰州吃的很有特色This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence.5. gene ration6. in here nt adj固有的；内在的；与生俱来的in ner peace7. mi grationim migrate （immigration intention）e migrate8. physicalPhysical Educationphysically and mentally9. pro cess；progress10. sur viv e4 Petr ole um Alter nativesTarget Words1. cons train t 强制train 训练都是强制的2. conta min ationmine污染大3. de plete 耗尽de crease; de scendcomplete4. dis pose of 处置miss；dismiss5. ele mental 基本的elementary school6. e mission 排放量7. extinctionex tin ct 灭绝的8. reserv oir 水池reserve；well-reserved9. sh rink 收shou缩10. s tableChapter 2 ScienceTime EfficiencyTarget Words1. adjust 调整一下使其正好2. ar bi tr ary 任意的;武断的Art 艺术在try 的时候都比较任意\恣意3. de nominator 分母de 下面的(numerator 分子)4. ex p one ntially 成倍地5. infini te simal 特小的6. max imize7. para ll el；para phrase8. pro port ion9. rate；interest rates；exchange rate10. se quence 序列consequenceAncient LifeTarget Words1. ac cura cy；cure；accurate2. adj a cent 和钱很接近3. com press4. f easi bly 可行的5. gut 勇气，剧情plot6. inte g ral7. over lap重叠laptop8. re tain 保持9. see p漏，渗出；看，有纰漏10. s truct ure；construction第二课400托福词汇之二ComputersTarget Words1. circ ulate ; circulation流通2. cor rode腐蚀e rode熟词cor rupt3. derive4. detection ; detectivetect=pect=spect=look spector；repect5. ex ped itiously 敏捷地ex(向外)+ped(足，脚掌，走) pedal 踏板6. im plement 实施compl i ment 表扬compl e ment 补充7. in nov ative；le nov o；legend8. install ation9. main ten ance10. simu lation 仿真sames t imu lationE ner gyTarget Words1. com bus tion 燃烧2. com ponent 元件3. con vey4. dis crete ly 分别创造（分离地）5. nucleus 原子核nuclear原子核的6. per meat e7. rotate 旋转rotation（NBA）8. solarlunar9. source10. tri gger 触发MemoryTarget Words1. acquisitionacquire2. anomaly 反常abnormal=per ver ted3. consciously=unknowingly subconsciousness4. de grade（inferior）5. gap6. indisputabledispute 争论7. inter vene8. in tui tively ；tuition直觉地9. re cede10. re tri eveSpiritualityTarget Words1. ag no stic 不可知论的igno rancenotorious2. animi sm灵气论animation卡通cartoon3. a the ist 只崇拜he自己的人，无神论者4. be inclined to ；be subjected to5. con templ ate6. dei fy敬如神，像见到自己的dad7. ecc lesia stical 拉萨有教会的8. ex alt 到外面赞扬9. p i ous=religious10. sa cri ficeIllnessTarget Words1. ag grav ate恶化grave2. de crepit 衰退3. dis ease4. fatally5. fo ren sics 对人的一种科学（辩论学）6. per sist7. pro gnosis 诊断8. term inal；terminate9. vein 静脉veil 面纱pre vail10. w ound；hurt；injury第三课托福必考400词汇之三SurgeryTarget Words1. a nest hesia 麻醉剂进入Bird Nest 像打了麻醉剂2. aug men t 增大August, 孩子都八个月了,一定很大了3. certifi ably 可证明的4. complicat ion 混乱；并发症；=chaoscomplicated=complex5. cure6. im plant种植implement7. inject8. obese 远离妹妹的眼球，因为太肥胖了（噢必死, 肥胖必死）9. proce dureprocess10. s carGhostsTarget Words1. astro logicalastro- is used to form words which refer to things relating to the stars or to outer space.2. di vi nation玄学(相信数字占卜未来的国家)3. h aunt4. horror5. intermedi ary 媒介的；中间的6. in vo ke 恳求7. medi t ate 深思mediate 调停在table上深思调停的方法8. phan tom n. 幽灵adj. 幻觉的Tom 是个幽灵9. psychic 灵魂的10. self-perpetuating；eternal; eternityadj. 能使自身永久存在的An thropologyTarget Words1. as simil ate 同化，吸收2. cre mat ion 火化，火葬3. domestic ate 教化；驯养4. folklore 民间传说5. fossilize 使成化石6. re lic 废墟；遗物回收re7. rite 仪式right8. ritually 仪式上的9. saga 冒险故事(巴嘎)10. vest ige 遗迹(哥哥的背心)Social InequalityTarget Words1. amend 改善2. bia sed 有偏见的; dis tort3. burden 使负担4. counter 柜台; count on=live off counterpart5. de fact o （法）实际上地6. dis crim inate 歧视7. notion；note8. op press压迫9. para digm 范例10. pre judice 偏见ExpertiseTarget Words1. cu rri cu lum （see you, see you）2. distinct 明显的; instinct3. e rud ite 博学的学好english 让rude 的人变的博学4. fortify5. implicitly 含蓄地imply; timid；6. pa rochial 教区father7. rigor 严厉rigid 德国人严厉而睿智8. roster 花名册roast 烧烤9. secu lar 牧师确保人内心安全的人10. sus pend延迟三思再花钱suspectsuspicionMilitary OperationsTarget Words1. all egiance 忠诚ally 盟友2. art illery使用大炮是一种艺术3. battle4. cease 停止cancel lease5. hier arch y 等级制度architect6. t ren ch 沟渠又是人又是车7. mo bilize; motivation; self-motivated8. ran k9. ratio=rate10. strate gic；tactic国家state 层面的，一定是战略性的War and ConquestTarget Words1. an nex 附属物next；=access ory2. apex 顶点ape猿人很高到了顶点<金刚>3. col lap se ; laptop4. conquestconquer5. de vi se6. invasiveinvade; evade7. pre vail ing8. re sis t9. severely10. violation 违背400托福必考词汇之四HistoryTarget Words1. chronologicchro nicle；chao；chaos2. coincidecoincidence3. consequence和sese的queen在一起, 结果很严重4. core5. de ny6. di mini sh 减少7. long itude 经度grat itudegratuityat titudea l titude8. milieu 环境弥留之间依然对环境sensitive9. recon ciliation 和谐和解, 讲和【记】源于: reconcile(v 使和解), re反复, conciliate(v 安慰)Financial SystemsTarget Words1. al locate使座落于2. commo dity3. de c line 拒绝4. equity 公平5. in flat ion6. net7. per capita 人均8. regulate9. subsidy10. tangible 有形的River 跳探戈很有形Wealth and Social Class Target Words1. accumulate2. af fluence富裕3. elite4. impoverish 使贫穷poverty5. luxury6. nobility；note7. pre stige=re putation=fame8. pri vilege9. prosper 使繁荣prosperous10. working classmainstream；middle class；grassrootPersonal PropertyTarget Words1. acquire2. ass e ss；poss e ssion3. as set资产settlement4. hazardoushorizon 开阔视野,必有风险enwiden；shorten；strengthen；broaden di ver sity5. jointlyjointly vent ure6. lease=rent；c ease；cozy7. liability 责任reliable8. proprietor 业主priority; real estate; property9. safeguard10. sole 单独的EmploymentTarget Words1. com pen sate2. dynamic 动态的;有活力的dynasty 朝代必然有变动drama tic3. enterprising 有事业心的entrepreneurs4. ex ploit 开采；explore；5. in cent ive；annual6. industrious =diligent勤奋的7. margin alize8. merit 优点我总是对的drawback9. pro mo te10. re signre tireInternational TradeTarget Words1. dis t ill滴下(病了,打点滴)Tears distilled slowly from her eyes. 泪水从她的眼睛里慢慢地滴下来。

第34课 PassionTarget Words1. complex 6.loyal2. despondent7.passion3. devotion8.proliferation4. dilemma9.reciprocity5. engender10.vanishDefinitions and Samples1. complex adj.Not simple; involving many parts that work togetherA modern car engine is too complex for most car owners to repair bythemselves.Parts of speech complexity n2. despondent adj.Extremely sad and without hope for the futureAfter his girlfriend left him, Johnson was despondent and wouldn’t talk to anyone.3. devotion n. A willingness to keep supporting someone you admireGrant showed great devotion to his wife, supporting her during herlong illness.Usage tips Devotion is often followed by a to phrase.Parts of speech devote v, devotee nCopyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.Passion1674. dilemma n. A difficult choice between two thingsI was caught in a dilemma between traveling by airplane and taking atrain, which is slower but more comfortable.5. engender v.To bring into being; to cause to existThe government’s warnings about terrorism engendered fearthroughout the nation.Usage tips Engender is often followed by a noun for an emotion.6. loyal adj.FaithfulCarter was loyal to his girlfriend and would not date anyone else. Usage tips Loyal is often followed by a to phrase.Parts of speech loyalty n, loyally adv7. passion n.An extremely strong emotion, like love or angerDebbie complained that there was no passion in her marriage.Parts of speech passionate adj, passionately adv8. proliferation n.An increase in the number of something and in thenumber of places it can be foundThe proliferation of fast-food restaurants has made it harder forAmericans to eat healthy lunches.Usage tips Proliferation is very often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech proliferate v9. reciprocity n.Doing as much for another as he or she has done for youDan was giving a lot of attention to Kelly, but he felt no reciprocity in their relationship.Parts of speech reciprocate v, reciprocal adj10. vanish v.To disappear suddenlyWhen the sun came out, last night’s light snowfall vanished.168RelationshipsTOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the let-ter in the blank.1. complex(a)an easy choice2. dilemma(b)simple3. loyal(c)a decrease4. proliferation(d)appear5. vanish(e)unfaithfulTOEFL Prep II Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence. Write it in the blank.despondent devotion to engender passion reciprocity1. In a good relationship, there is a lot of give and take.2. Mr. Foster’s strong love for teaching makes him suc-cessful.3. Rhonda was extremely sad after the death of her cat.4. Sometimes, a small characteristic, like a nice smile, cancause love.5. My continuing support for the candidate is based on myadmiration for her.TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the new vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow.Perhaps no emotion is more complex than passion.Passion can show itself in a negative way as a burst of anger, or in a more pleasant way, as love. Passion can engender blind devotion for a lover or plunge a person into despondent misery if he or she feels a lack of reciprocity in the relationship. Passion and love cause innumerable dilemmas,and people constantly seek out ways to understand these emotions, as evidenced byPassion169the proliferation of articles, books, talk shows, and Web pages devoted to relationships. Many of these forums have loyal followings and have become cultural fixtures. The endless flow of information and opinions about the complex situations aroused by passion will probably not vanish anytime soon.1. According to this article, which statement about passion is true?a. It can have good or bad effects.b. It can be easily explained.c. It helps people decide what to do.d. It is irrational.2. According to the reading, why are there so many books and otherworks about passion?a. because people want a lot of advice about loveb. because many people want to write about their own passionc. because reading about passion is relaxingd. because passion can also show itself as a burst of angerLesson 34 PassionTOEFL Prep I1. b 2. a 3. e 4. c 5. dTOEFL Prep II 1. reciprocity 2. passion 3. despondent4. engender5. devotion toTOEFL Success 1. a 2. a。

abandon abduction abstract accumulate accuracy accuse acquire acquisition adapt addictive adjacent adjust adolescent advent adversely advocate affection affluence aggravate aggregate agnostic alledegly allegiance allocate amateurish ambiguous amend analyze ancestral anesthesia animism annex anomaly anticipate antipathy apex apprehend arbitrary arrogantly artillery ascertain assail assess asset 离开，放弃绑架抽象的，纯理论上的，榨汁积累，积聚精准性，准确度，准确（性）控告，指责获得获得，得到（通过努力）适应，使适应上瘾的，使人成瘾的邻近的，毗邻的校准，调整，使适应青春期的，青少年的出现，到来有害地，消极地主张，鼓吹感情，疾病的传染富裕，富足使…加重（恶化），惹怒总计的不可知论的据说忠诚分配，配给不熟练的，外行的含糊的，不明确的改善，修改分析祖先的麻醉（法）万物有灵论吞并，兼并异常，反常预期，预料厌恶，反感顶峰，巅峰逮捕，领会，明白专横的，武断的趾高气扬地炮，大炮，炮兵弄清，查明猛烈攻击，打击估价资产，财产assimilateassociateastrologicalatheistaugmentauthoritybattlebe inclined 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复杂的复杂零件，成分，组（部）件压缩，压紧浓缩的指责，谴责吐露，交心冲突，抵触隐含意义征服，克服有意识地，自觉地后果限制，约束，强迫污染细想，深思轻蔑的对......提出质疑环境，背景相对的，反对的传送，传达证明(宣判)......有罪核心，中心腐蚀，侵蚀对抗，反驳，柜台，对立面火葬，火化耕作，培养笨重的治愈课程愤世嫉俗的事实上的，实际的辨认，解释减少，下降衰老的，破旧的使恶化，使退化崇拜，把......神化品行不端，犯罪分母表示，代表否认，否定描写，描绘depletederivedescendantdespisedespondentdetaindetectiondeviantdevisedevotiondilemmadimensiondiminishdiscretelydiscriminatediseasedispose ofdistilldistinctlydistortdiversedivinationdomesticatedynamicecclesiasticalelectionelementallyeliteemissionengenderenterprisingentrepreneurialequityerodeeruditeeruptionestheticallyevadeevidenceevolveexalt消减，损耗源自，源于后代，后裔鄙视，看不起沮丧的拘留，扣押，耽搁发现，察觉变态的设计，发明深爱，挚爱，奉献，献身，忠诚进退两难的境地大小，尺寸，方面(使)减小，(使)减弱，变小，变弱分开地，个别地，清楚地区别，辨别，歧视疾病，病扔掉，消除，杀死蒸馏，提炼清楚地歪曲，使变形各种各样的，不同的预言驯养精力充沛的基督教会的选举根据元素，基本地杰出的，精英的散发，排出物导致，产生具有开创能力的，进取心创业的，具有创业精神的股票，股权削弱，遭侵蚀博学的，学问精深的喷发，爆发美的，美术的躲避证据，证明发展，进化赞美，歌颂exclusive exotic expeditiously exploit exponentially extinction extractfamine fatally feasibly feature fertilize flood fluctuate folklore forensics fortify fossilize 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