职称英语(卫生类)辅导讲义(五)

U.S., European drug officials approve inhaled insulin A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera.1 The United States Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Commission3 both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than six months should not take Exubera. __________(1)__________ Three drug companies -- Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis and Nektar Therapeutics -- developed the inhaled insulin.__________(2)__________ Experts say about fifteen percent of diabetics who need insulin do not take it. The treatment can involve several injections each day. Insulin is a hormone that the body uses to change food into energy. Failure to control blood sugar levels can lead to serious problems, including blindness and loss of blood flow to the feet. It can also lead to heart disease, stroke and kidney failure.4 Insulin has been sold as a drug since the nineteen twenties. This is the first new way to take it. Exubera uses a powder breathed into the lungs through a mouthpiece. Pfizer will study the long-term effects. It says some patients have reported a mild cough while using the inhaled insulin. __________(3)__________ Many people do not know they have diabetes. There are two forms. Most diabetics have the Type Two form. Their body does not make enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. __________(4)__________ Most Type Two diabetics do not take insulin. Their medicines can be taken by mouth. Diet, exercise and weight control are also important. Type One diabetes often begins in childhood. __________(5)__________ Officials say diabetics with either type could use inhaled insulin, either before or after a meal. But Type One diabetics and some with Type Two would still need a longer-lasting injection at least once a day. 词汇： inhale vt. 吸⼊ vi. 吸⽓ insulin n. 胰岛素 diabetes n. 糖尿病;多尿症 diabetic adj. 糖尿病的 n. 糖尿病患者 injection n. 注射;注射液，针剂 therapeutics n. 治疗学;疗法，治疗 hormone n. 激素，荷尔蒙 stroke n.(疾病)发作;中风 mouthpiece n. 接⼝管 注释： 1. Exubera：⼀种胰岛素雾化吸⼊剂的商品名 2. United States Food and Drug Administration：美国⾷品及药品管理局 3. European Commission：欧盟委员会(简称欧委会，是欧盟的常设机构，也是欧盟有权起草法令的机构) 4. kidney failure：肾衰竭(这⾥failure是“衰竭”的意思) 练习： A With this type the body is unable to produce insulin. B Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide. C The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes. D It is common in people who are overweight and not active. E Some patients with lung disease should not take it either. F People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera, and at least once a year after that.　答案与题解： 1.分析⽂章标题：U.S., European(欧洲的) drug(药品) officials(官员) approve(批准) inhaled(被吸⼊的) insulin(胰岛素) 2.分析被选项： A With this type(类型) the body is unable to produce insulin. B Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide. C The control(控制) of their blood sugar(⾎糖) levels is most important for patients with diabetes. D It is common in people who are overweight and not active. E Some patients (病⼈)with lung disease should not take it either. F People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera(⼀种胰岛素雾化吸⼊剂的药品名), and at least once a year after that. 3.直接解题： A With this type the body is unable to produce insulin. B Pfizer recently bought the rights to sell it worldwide. C The control of their blood sugar levels is most important for patients with diabetes. D It is common in people who are overweight and not active. E Some patients (病⼈)with lung disease (疾病)should not take it either(也/as well/ too, also). F People are advised to have their lungs examined before using Exubera(⼀种胰岛素雾化吸⼊剂的药品名), and at least once a year after that. A form of insulin for people with diabetes to take by mouth is expected to be sold within a few months. The new medicine is called Exubera.1 The United States Food and Drug Administration2 and the European Commission3 both recently approved it for adults. It could make life easier for many diabetics who require daily injections of insulin to control their blood sugar levels. But it will not replace all insulin injections. And it is not for everyone. People who smoke or have stopped smoking for less than (⼩于)six months should not take Exubera(⼀种胰岛素雾化吸⼊剂的药品名).__________(1)__________ 1.E. 选项E和选项F可能是答案：这两个选项中均分别有3个词语与空格前句中的词语形成呼应：E(patients – people; lung disease – smoke; take - take); F(people – people; lungs – smoke, Exubera - Exubra)。

正保远程教育旗下品牌网站美国纽交所上市公司(NYSE:DL)职业培训教育网职业人的网上家园职称英语考试辅导《综合类》第三部分讲义5概括大意与完成句子4.问句不是主题句，需参考问答来确定主题例1：So who decides which names are used each year? The World Meteorological Organization uses six lists in rotation, so each list is reused every six years.（2006）A.Reason for naming hurricaneB.Warming of an approaching hurricaneC.Deadly womenD.History of naming hurricanesanization responsible for naming hurricanesF.Ways to track hurricanes[答疑编号505916030701]【答案】E例2：That leads to another question.Why does anyone wear a tie? Ties serve no purpose.They do not cover any part of your body and keep you warm.They always seem to get covered in food stains.Perhaps that is the purpose of the tie.It lets everyone know what you just ate.（2007）A.Origin of the tieB.British tieselessness of the tieD.Old-fashioned tiesE.Role of the tieF.Signs of a tieless era老师手写内容：reason n. 原因use n. 使用purpose n. 目的，用途useless adj. 无用的useful adj. 有用的uselessness n. 无用，无效usefulness n. 有用，有效no purpose 没有目的[答疑编号505916030702]【答案】C例3：Is there a future for ties? The signs are not promising.Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties.A.Origin of the tieB.British tieselessness of the tieD.Old-fashioned tiesE.Role of the tie。

2015年职称英语卫生类考试语法指导五个基本句型根据动词的特性，构成英语中五个基本句型：1) 主语+ 系动词+ 表语3) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语2) 主语+ 不及物动词(+ 其他成分)4) 主语+ 及物动词+ 双宾语5) 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语我们在学习5个基本句型时，主要关心每个句型中的出题点在哪里。

第一句型：主语+ 系动词+ 表语第一句型：主语+ 系动词+ 表语1) 系动词一般为be 动词。

注意：look, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, become, come, go, turn, grow, keep, seem, stand等词可以作"半系动词"用，按行为动词方式变化，起系动词的作用。

试验比较：—— He felt the pockets thoroughly but did not find a single penny.(他摸遍了口袋但没有找到一分钱。

—— feel为行为动词)—— You look pale. Do you feel unwell? (你脸色苍白，感到不舒服?—— look / feel为系动词)一般来说，动词后面跟的是个形容词或名词，该动词为系动词，如：The plan sounds perfect. / The flower smells nice. / The dish tastes delicious. / It is getting dark.实例："Don't worry. Let me take your pulse first." "Oh, it ______ normal." (脉搏正常)A. is feltB. is feelingC. feelsD. felt解题思路：normal为形容词，前面应为系动词;系动词没有被动语态，故A不对; look, feel, sound, taste, smell, seem等半系动词一般不用进行时，B也不对;D时态错了，故正确答案为C.2)there be是英语中非常重要的一个句型：there是引导词，不解释"那里"; 这是个倒装句, 主语在be动词的后面, be动词的单复数由后面的主语决定。

冲刺阶段第三次补课答疑第一阶段：补课环节（30分钟）本课知识点：• 1.词汇题的解题技巧• A. 选词典• B. 做题步骤• C. 做题技巧• D. 做题要求• 2.阅读判断题的解题技巧• A. 题型要求• B. 解题步骤• C. 答题规律一、词汇题的解题技巧1. 可选词典：•《博大精编多功能英汉词典》•《朗文英汉双解活用词典》•《英汉双解活用词典》2. 做题步骤：（1）先熟后生：把15道题的划线单词浏览一遍，并迅速勾出《考试用书》中要求掌握的单词的答案，有印象就可以选了；（2）一步到位：对于陌生的划线单词，直接查字典。

3. 做题技巧：
（1）一步到位，只看划横线单词和选项单词。

直接把有语境的句子翻译题一步变成在五个单词中查找两个同义或近义词的题。


（2）采用词性排除法进行排除选项。

对于陌生划线单词，也不要急于直接查字典。

应先根据划线单词的词性对选项进行排除。

根据是词性一致原则：
A、词性一致原则：也就是划线单词是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，其选项也应是相应的名词、动词、形容词或副词；
B、名词单（复）数一致原则：也就是划线单词若是（不）可数名词，其选项也对应是（不）可数名词；可数名词是单（复）数，其选项也应是单（复）数；但要注意，有些可数名词的单复数形式是一样的； C、时态语态一致原则：也就是划线动词是什么时态或语态，其选项就应是相同的时态或语态，但要注意不规则动词；（1）单(复)数一致的原则。

也就是说划线单词如果是单(复)数可数名词，那么作为正确答案的选项也必须是单(复)数可数名词。

如：•例如：Passengers and (planes) are often equipped with ship-to-shore or air-to-land radiotelephones.• A. highways B. railroads C. sailboats D. aircraft•在这道题中，划横线单词planes是复数形式，因此入选答案也必须是复数形式。

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案0514-191、If we leave now we should miss the traffic.【单选题】A.directB.stopC.mixD.avoid正确答案:D答案解析:题干大意：如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。

miss 意为“错过”，如：I?missed?breakfast?this?morning.（今早我错过了吃早饭。

）direct意为“指挥”，如：She?directed?the?planning?of?the?festival.（她统管节日安排。

）stop意为“停止”，如：Stop?talking.（别说话。

）mix意为“混合”，如：Mix?water?and?flour.（将水和面粉混合。

）avoid意为“避免”，最符合题意，如：Avoid?making?any?noise（避免制造任何噪音。

）2、I?enjoyed?the?play?which?had?a?clever?plot?and?funny?dialo gues.【单选题】A.longB.boringC.originalD.humorous正确答案:D答案解析:题干大意：我喜欢这出有巧妙情节和风趣对话的戏。

funny意为“有趣的”，如：a?funny?story（有趣的故事）。

long 意为“长的”，如：long?hair（长发）。

boring意为“枯燥的”，如：a?boring?person（无聊的人）。

original意为“最初的”，如：Stick?to?the?original?plan.（坚持原计划。

）humorous意为“幽默的”，最符合题意，如：The?film?is?humorous?and?moving.（这部电影既风趣又动人。

）3、Smallpox virusIt's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it—one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point was there in keeping these reserves?In reality, of course, it was naive to imagine that everyone would let go of such a potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have a few vials. ____ the last “official” stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, for no obvious gain.Now American researchers have found an animal model of the human disease, opening the way for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So one again there's a good reason to keep the virus—just in case the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we deal with the mistrust of the US and Russia? Simple. Keep the virus under international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn't mean the idea is wrong. If the virus is useful, then let's make it the servant of all humanity—not just a part of it.【单选题】A.AndB.WhileC.WhereasD.Although正确答案:A答案解析:上一句句末的标点符号表明本句是一个独立的句子。

2019年职称英语卫生类B级阅读复习讲义(5)Sleep Problems Plague the Older SetOlder Americans often have difficulty getting a good night’s rest. It’s a huge quality-of- life problem, experts say, because contrary to popular belief, seniors require about the same amount of sleep as younger adults.“Sleep problems and sleep diso rders are not an inherent (固有的) part of aging,” said Dr. Harrison G. Bloom, an associate clinical professor of geriatrics (老年病学) and medicine at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. “It’s pretty much of a myth that older people need less sl eep than younger people.”Yet, in a study published recently in The American Journal of Medicine, researchers found that more than half of older Americans have problems getting the sleep they need.Older people tend to have “sleepfragmentation,”mean ing they wake up more often during the night, said study author Dr. JulieGammack, an assistant professor of medicine in the Division of Geriatric Medicine at St. Louis University.They also seem to get less “REM” sleep, the type of sleep during which rapid eye movement occurs, Bloom added.It's unclear what role these naturally occurring changes in sleep patterns have on a person's quality of life, Bloom said. “What is important, though, is that older people oftenhave actual sleep disorders and probl ems with sleep,” he said.And, experts say, there is usually more than one cause.“Sleep trouble in older adults is typically associated with acute and chronic illnesses, including specific sleep disorders like sleep apnea (呼吸暂停) and restless leg syndrome that appear with greater frequency in older populations,” said Michael V. Vitiello, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and associate director of the University of Washington's Northwest Geriatric Education Center.Taking multiple medications, as many older people do,can also lead to fatigue and “hypersomnia,” or being tiredall the time, Bloom added.Another big problem, he noted, is depression and anxiety. “Those are very commonly associated with sleep problems.”Despite the prevalence (流行) of sleep difficulties in older adults, many patients aren’t getting the help they need. As a result, problems like insomnia (失眠), restlessleg syndrome and sleep apnea are underdiagnosed and undertreated, Bloom said.1. Sleep problems can seriously affect one’s quality of life.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned2. It is true that older people need less sleep than younger people.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned3. Younger people in America seldom complain of sleep disorders.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned4. The number of older Americans with sleep problems is not small.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned5“Sleep fragmentation” refers to a marked lack of “REM” sleep.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned6. The causes of sleep problems in older people remain unidentified.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned7. Actions will soon be taken in America to better help people with sleep problems.A. RightB.WrongC. Notmentioned。

冲刺阶段第五次补课答疑第一阶段：补课阶段：45分钟一、补全短文题型介绍补全短文题是职称英语考试中倒数第二部分，也就是试卷的第五部分，题号为第46-50题。

1. 补全短文的命题形式1) 一篇长度为300-450词左右，难度适中的文章；2) 短文中留出5个空格句，每个空格句为一题；3) 每题对应ABCDEF六个备选句，6个备选句中有5个句子出自短文，将其还原，每空格对应一句；4) 每题2分，5题共计10分。

2. 补全短文的命题特点1）试题出自教材外2）有一个干扰项，有“连带关系”选错了一个至少错两个甚至更多，所以填错一个选项，就意味着至少没有了4分3）偏重答题技巧的考察二、补全短文的主要考点及备考方法1. 补全短文的主要考点这类题是要考查阅读能力、基础知识（语法、词汇等）和综合逻辑思维推理能力，往小点看，该题实际上是段落填充题。

试题中主要考察以下三方面：1) 上下文之间的意思连贯；2）上下文之间的衔接关联；3）上下文之间的逻辑关系。

2. 补全短文的备考方法1）阅读能力的培养2）上下文关联的判断力3）注重答题技巧的训练3.补全短文备考的要点1）以大化小，确定信息点。

要把短文化为段落，段落化为句子、句子化为单词来做，这样就简单得多了。

2) 确定句子内在联系。

通过代词、连接词、中心句等方式找出句子与句子之间的内在联系。

3）答题次序先易后难。

优先确定最有把握的答案，通过逻辑推理及排除法依次确定其他答案。

三．补全短文的解题步骤1.分析文章标题及选项先要了解文章大标题，知道文章讲的是哪方面的内容，留意标题中的信息点。

再分析A-F每个选项的关键信息，比如：名词、指代词、连接词和其他特殊的词组或结构，了解句子的大概意思。

标题及选项中的信息点最好用笔标示。

2.分析空格前后内容分析每个横线处的前一句话或者后一句话（最多不超过三句话，一般在横线附近的句子里），了解某一个填充处前后段或前后句子的逻辑关系和大概内容意思。

类似找中心句子与中心词的方法。

职称英语复习资料卫生类AB级概括大意精选Ginseng shows benefits in cancer treatmentFlaxseed slowed the growth of prostate tumors in men, while ginseng helped relieve the fatigue that cancer patients often feel, US researchers reported on Saturday in two of the first scientifically rigorous looks at alternative medicine.The studies reflect doctor’s efforts to explore the risks and benefits of foods and supplements that are routinely taken by their patients with little scientific proof they help. Americans spend between $ 36 billion and $ 46 billion year on complementary and alternative therapies, according to the National Center for Health Statistics. “Patients are taking these compounds but we need to know if they are doing any good or any harm, ”said Dr. Bruce Cheson of Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, who led a panel on alternative therapies at a meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.In the flaxseed study, researchers at Duke University Medical Center in North Carolina and colleagues evaluated t he seed’s role as a food supplement in 161 men who were scheduled to undergo surgery for prostate cancer. “The growth rate was decreased in the men who got flaxseed,” said Dr. Nancy Davidson, an oncologist at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore who is president-elect of ASCO. “I think this is fascinating.” Flaxseed is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and lignins, a fiber found on the seed coat. “We were looking at flaxseed because of its unique nutrient profile, ”said Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, a researcher in Duke’s School of Nursing, who led the study.Half of the men in the study added 30 grams of flaxseed daily to their diets for about 30 days. Half of the flaxseed group also went on a low-fat diet. After the surgery, the cancer cells in both the flaxseed groups grew about 30 to 40 percent slower than the control group.But Demark-Wahnefried is not ready to prescribe flaxseed. “It’s a healthy food. It has a lot of vitamins and a lot of fiber. But we can not definitely say at this point you should take flaxseed because it is protective against prostate cancer,” she said, adding that flaxseed now needed to be studied to see if it can prevent prostate cancer.In the ginseng trial, Debra Barton of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and colleagues tested three different does of the herb on patients with a variety of cancers who were expected to live at least six months. Twenty-five percent of patients taking a 1,000-mg dose and twenty-seven percent of patients taking a 2,000-mg does said their fatigue symptoms were “moderately better”or “much better”. Only 10 percent of those taking a 750-mg dosereported an improvement, which was about the same as the placebo group. Patients on the trial took Wisconsin ginseng from a single crop that was tested for uniform potency. It was powered and given in a capsule form. “I wouldn’t have predicted this, I have toadmit, ”Davidson said in an interview. “We might want to test this in a large scale.”The flaxseed study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the ginseng study was supported by US Public Health Service grants.1. Paragraph 2 ___.2. Paragraph 4 ___.3. Paragraph 5 ___.4. Paragraph 6 ___.A．the motivation of flaxseed studyB. the study on ginseng displays its good promiseC. the doctors’ responsibilities led them to carry out these two studiesD. ginseng is as good to cancer patients as flaxseedE. the methods and results of the study on flaxseedF. a different opinion on the use of flaxseed5. Doctors in the US wanted to know ___.6. Both studies on flaxseed and ginseng show ___.7. It is the unique nutrient profile of flaxseed ___.8. In the ginseng trial the researchers tested the potency of ginseng ___.A．that led the researchers in Duke’s School of Nursing to study itB．by giving different dose of the herb to patients with different cancersC．whether the foods and supplements patients took every day were good or not D．though both flaxseed and ginseng are all healthy alternative medicinesE．that either of them is beneficial to cancer patientsF．because we still have to see if flaxseed can prevent prostate cancerPregnant women warned about ACE1 inhibitorSome of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five years. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000.Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe when taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders.2 The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems.3 These included problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart.The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study. The New England Journal of Medicine4 published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or almost nine percent, had major disorders.ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects.5 So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE. This enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced.New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United States Food and Drug Administration6 helped pay for the study. The F.D.A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure.词汇：pregnant adj. 怀孕的inhibitor n. 抑制剂pregnancy n. 怀孕diabetes n. 糖尿病diabetic adj. 糖尿病的n. 糖尿病患者suppress vt. 抑制dependable adj. 可靠的注释：1.ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)：血管紧张肽转化酶2.birth disorders：先天性疾病3. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. 这项研究表明，如果与其他婴儿相比，这些婴儿在出生时患大病的可能性几乎是他们的三倍。

职称英语卫生类考试辅导资料2017年职称英语卫生类考试辅导资料When a small mind becomes become behavior, can become a habit; thus forming character, and character to determine the success or failure of your life.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年职称英语卫生类考试辅导资料，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Easy LearningStudents should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds — one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between1. EEG2 recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups3. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.4When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, thebabies who’d heard t he tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Che our doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds — so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.翻译：轻松学习Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.学生应该嫉妒。

2020职称英语《卫生类》语法考点辅导(1)一、词类、句子成分和构词法：(一)词类英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1.名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2.代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：who, she, you, it .3.形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good,right, white, orange .4.数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5.动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am, is,are,have,see .6.副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、水准等。

如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7.冠词(art..)：用在名词前,协助说明名词。

如：a, an, the.8.介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9.连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but,before .10.感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：oh, well, hi, hello.(二)句子成分英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1.主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。

通常用名词或代词担任。

如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2.谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。

主要由动词担任。

如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3.表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。

2019-2020-201X年的职称英语卫生类教材学习部分内容及解析(五)-范文模板本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==201X年的职称英语卫生类教材学习部分内容及解析(五)201X年职称英语卫生类教材学习部分内容及解析When fear takes control of 1 the mindA panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror . Usually it does not last long , but it may feel like forever . The cause can be something as normally uneventful as driving over a bridge or flyingin an airplane . And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before . A fast heartbeat . Sweaty hands . Difficulty breathing .2 A lightheaded feeling . At first a person may have no idea 3 what is wrong . But these can all be signs of what is known as panic disorder .4 The first appearance usually is between the ages of 18 and 25. In some cases it develops after a tragedy , like the death of a loved one , or some other difficult situation .In the United States , the National Institute of Mental Health 5 says more than two million people are affected in any one - year period . The American Psychological Association 6 says panic disorder is two times more likely in women than men . And it can last anywhere from a few months to a lifetime .Panic attacks can be dangerous -- for example , if a person is driving at the time . The Chesapeake Bay Bridge in the state of Maryland is so long and so high over the water , it is famous for scaring motorists . There is even a driver assistance program to help people get across . Some people who suffer a panic attack develop a phobia , a deep fear of ever repeating the activity that brought on the attack .7。

职称英语考试/备考辅导2016年职称英语卫生类概括大意复习精选(5)1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior. A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution. This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished (营养) child, and the butcher (屠夫，卖肉的人) who gets a cut on his finger. By changing their behavior theseindividuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services. One example of thisis immunization (免疫): scientists have made many vaccines (疫苗) to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery. The needs andinterests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs. Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information. Correct information iscertainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the otherfactors that affect health behavior such as availability (可获性) of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills. Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health. Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way. Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual. In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.1 Paragraph 2_______________.2 Paragraph 3_______________.3 Paragraph 4_______________.4 Paragraph 5_______________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting FactorsB Importance of ImmunizationC Relationship with Other Health ServicesD Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy BehaviorE Encouraging Unhealthy BehaviorF Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health5 Promoting healthy behavior is the goalof_______________.6 Immunization helps to_______________.7 Health education cannot take the placeof_______________.8 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for_______________.A many vaccinesB prevent diseasesC health educationD healthy behaviorE change unhealthy behavior答案：1. C 2. F 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. F 8. D2016年职称英语卫生类概括大意复习精选(5).doc [全文共1553字] 编号：6426796。

2019职称英语备考资料卫生类讲义五.despair of (=lose all hope of ) 绝望.in despair 绝望.despite (=in spite of ) 不管，即使.in detail 详细地.deviate from偏离，不按……办.on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食，节食.differ from...in 与……的区别于…….in difficulties... 有困难，处境困难，.discharge sb. (from)...for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因……解雇，开除.fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退;in disorder慌乱地，狼狈不堪.on display (=being shown publicly) 陈列.dispose of (=get rid of, throw away) 处理掉.at (one’s) ease ( = without worry or nervousness) 自在，不拘束.put sb. at his / her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness) 使某人感到无拘束.economize on (=save sth. instead of being wasteful) 节省.have an effect on 对……有影响.be in effect (=be in operation) 有效.go into effect 生效。

(近：come into effect; take effect; be brought into effect).in effect (=in fact, really) 实际上.give effect to (=carry out) 实行，使……生效.to no effect不起作用，没有取得任何效果.(be) of no effect (=useless) 无效.to the effect that大意是……，主要内容是…….to that effect是那个意思的…….emerge from (=appear, become known) 出现，暴露(问题，意见等).place (or put, lay) an emphasis on 强调，把重点放在……上.encourage sb. in 鼓励;encourage sb. in his/her work 鼓励某人工作;encourage sb. in his/her idleness 怂恿某人游手好闲.encourage sb. in ...with sth. 用……鼓励某人做某事.on end (=continuously) 连续地.(be) at an end (=finished) 结束了.no end of (=very many/much) 很多，大量.in the end (=finally, eventually) 最终.at one’s wit’s end (=not knowing what to do or to say) 无法可想，智穷计尽.end up with 以……而结束。

XX年职称英语卫生类阅读专业指导讲义子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎?有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎?人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎?”以下是为大家搜索的xx年卫生类阅读专业指导讲义，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们!局部倒装是指将谓语的一局部如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，那么需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1. 句首为否认或半否认的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under oncondition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。

例如：1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。

2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。

3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。

4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。

注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

如否认词不在句首不倒装。

只有当Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装构造。

如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装构造。

例如：Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。

职称英语卫生类辅导【导读】本文是由中大职称英语考试网编辑整理的职称英语卫生类相关复习内容，更多免费精选职称英语卫生类辅导资料尽在中大职称英语考试网，敬请关注！break down损坏，分解，瓦解break in闯入；打断；插嘴break out光出；突然发生，爆发burn out烧掉catch on理解，明白check out结账后离开；检验，核查cheer up使高兴，使振奋clear up收拾；澄清；放晴come off实现，成功，奏效come out出版；出现，显露；结果是bring to使恢复知觉burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧完check in办理登记手续check up（on）校对，检查，检验clear away扫除，收拾make it clear that弄清楚come on来吧，快点；出场，上演come round（around）来访；苏醒，复原 come up走近，上来；发生，被提出cut back削减，减少cut in（汽车）抢道；插嘴，打断cut out删除die down渐渐消失，平息draw in（火车、汽车）到站dress up穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮dry out干透，使干come through经历，脱脸cross out删去，取消cut down削减，降低cut 0ff切断；删去；停止cut short突然停止die out消失，来绝draw up写上，画上；草拟；停住drop bv/in顺便来访dry up干涸，枯竭drop 0ff减弱，减少fall behind落后fall throug}l落空，失败find out查明get around/round走动，旅行；（消息）传开 get by通过，经过get in进入；收获，收集get over克服；（从病中）恢复过来have got t0（d0）不得不，必须drop out退出，离队fall out争吵；结果是feed in输入get across解释清楚，使人了解get away逃脱，离开get down从……下来；写下get 0ff从…下来；离开，动身，开始get through结束，完成；接通电话get together集合，聚集give away泄露；分送give in交上，投降，屈服give out分发，放出go ahead开始，前进；go down下降，降低；被载人，传下去got out外出；熄灭go round/around足够分配go through通过，审查，完成get up起床；增加，增强give back送还，恢复give off放出，释放give up停止，放弃go by过去go off爆炸，发射；动身，离开 go over检查，审查；复习，重温 go under下沉，沉没；失败；破产 g0 up上升，增加；建起。