2011卫生类职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章

Pandemic H1N11 2009The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern European countries．A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity___1____concurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still____2_____parts of southern and eastern Europe，____3____in Greece，Poland，and Ukraine．In Western Europe，influenza____4____remains active and widespread，but overall disease activity has peaked．All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1Nl 2009，however，very small____ 5____of seasonal influenza viruses，covering less than l％of all influenzaviruses_______6______，were reported in Russia．____7____，limited available data indicate that active，high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries____8____ the Mediterranean coast．In Central Asia．1imited data____9____that influenza virus circulation remains active , but transmission may have recently peaked in some places．In West Asia，Israel，Iran，and Iraq also appear ____l0____ their peak period of transmission within the past month，though ____ll____ areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels．In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears tobe____12____0verall．____13____increases in ILI2 were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago．In North America，influenza transmission____14____widespread but has declined quickly in all countries．In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts, ____15____focal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries．词汇：Pandemic adj．在广大地区流行的(疾病)Transmission n．传播currently adv．时下地，当今地focal adj．焦点的，与焦点有关的intensity n．强度concurrent aaj．同时存在的，同时发生的Circulation n．流传，流通Greece n．希腊Poland n．波兰Ukraine n．乌克兰Peak 达到顶点Seasonal 季节的Occur vt．发生Mediterranean adj．地中海的，地中海附近(各国的)Israel n．以色列Iran 凡．伊朗Iraq n．伊拉克Mongolia n．蒙古国Caribbean n．加勒比海Geographically adv．地理地注释：1．H1N1：H1N1是一种病毒，是Orthomyxoviridae系列的一种病毒。

2011年职称英语卫生类新增文章篇目卫生类完形填空新增文章篇目第二篇Influenza*第七篇Exercise*第八篇Food Safety and Foodborne Illness+第十二篇Pandemic H1N11 2009第二篇InfluenzaInfluenza has been with us a long time．According___1_____ some Greek writers on medical history，the outbreak of 412 B.C．was of influenza．The same has been suggested of the sickness that swept through l the Greek army_____2_____ Syracuse in 395 B．C． Flu is a disease that moves most quickly among people____3____ in crowded conditions，hence，it is likely to attack armies．During the nineteenth century there were five widespread＿＿４＿＿ of influenza．The last of the five_____5_____ in l889 and marked the beginning of the story of influenza in our time．Like the_____6_____started in Asia．For more than forty years before that outbreak，influenza had steadily＿＿7＿＿ and was believed to be dying out.2A new group of outbreaks was introduced by the great outbreak of l889-1890 and for the next quarter of a century flu ____8____ a constant threat．In April 1918 flu broke out3 among American troops stationed in France．It quickly spread through all the armies but caused relatively____9____deaths．Four months later，____10____，a second outbreak started which proved to be a killer. It killed not only the old and already sick but also____11_____young adults．It went through4every country in the world，only a few distant islands in the South Atlantic and the Pacific remaining____12 ____．It brought the life of whole countries_____l3____，food supplies stopped and work loss was very great．Before the great outbreak ended，it___l4___ at least l5 million people．Thereafter there have been several great outbreaks throughout the world．It is thus____15_____ that influenza is a terrible infection that we have to pay more attention to.词汇：Influenza n．流行性感冒Outbreak n．爆发Syracuse n．叙拉古(意大利西西里岛东南部一海港)Widespread 普遍的，散布很广的steadily adv．稳定地quarter n．四分之一constant 妨经常发生的troop (常用复数)军队，部队station vt．驻扎’Atlantic adj"．大西洋的；n．(the Atlantic)大西洋Pacific adj．太平洋的；n．(the Pacific)太平洋Thereafter adv．此后，其后注释：1．sweep through：席卷，横扫2．die out：消失，不复存在3．break out：突然发生；爆发4．go through：走遍练习：1．A at B to C in D from2．A being attacked B having been attacked C attacked D attacking 3．A sitting B standing C living D appearing 4．A outbreaks B incidents C accidents D cases5．A changed B happened C arise D descend6．A it B they C which D those7．A enlarged B strengthened C decreased D increased 8．A was no 1onger B went out of C ceased to be D reamained 9．A few B many C countless D innumerable 10．A in addition B however C therefore D moreover 11．A weak B disabled C sick D healthy 12．A touching B touched C untouched D having touched 13．A stop B stopping C stopped D to stop14．A killed B has killed C had killed D has been killing 15．A clear B strage C uncertain D questionable 答案与题解：1．B 四个选项中只有to可以与according连用，意为“根据，按照”，与上下文意思吻合。

Immune Functions（免疫功能）The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of anized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate effective,and self-limiting.免疫系统的复杂性可以比得上大脑以及神经系统的复杂性。

免疫系统都保护身体取决于一个动态的通讯管理网络，这个网络是由上千万个细胞组成的。

这些细胞组成了无数的窝穴和小窝穴，就像成群的蜜蜂围绕着蜂巢来来回回地传递着信息。

结果就是一个敏感的检查和平衡的系统，能产生迅速的、适当有效的、自我限制的免疫应答。

At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself.When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate theintruders（入侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self.The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker.Rather,immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in s state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to“remember”the specifics of the foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts accordingly.With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation （哺乳期）,this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must“learn”from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes（微生物）in which we live.Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.免疫系统的核心是有能力分清自我和异物。

2011年职称英语考试卫生类B级第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly DiabeticsMost older people with so-called type II diabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes just three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday．Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet's Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body's ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported．This is equal to the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said．Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type Ⅱ，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked．Associate Professor Dr．Flemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonsrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non-exercising persons．This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups．Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes, but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms. At the same time, 1t can put off the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment, Dela was quoted as saying．Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes．Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off after five days without sufficient exercise．Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of the importance of exercise，Dela added．中文翻译：老年糖尿病患者进行体育锻炼可以取代胰岛素治疗哥本哈根的《贝林时报》周一刊登了一则最新医疗研究结果称，大多数Ⅱ型老年糖尿病患者只要每周坚持三次轻快的体育锻炼，每次30分钟，都可以不用注射胰岛素。

2011年职称英语(卫生类)阅读理解问题与答案中文背诵模板1.纳米保健技术走向贫困国家Bringing nanotechnology to health care for the poor（卫C）1.纳米保健技术走向贫困国家①关于纳米技术的用途下面哪一个文中未提及？好的农产品和发光的建筑材料②怎样能使量子点被应用于确认疾病？当靶分子存在的时候就能通过发光来诊断疾病③纳米技术如何被用于提高疗效？使药物对准疾病的病灶④下述发展中国家在纳米技术方面没有做很好的科学研究的是伊朗⑤在利用纳米原料可能存在的危险下面提到的一句是纳米材料的颗粒在体内和在体外环境中作用可能不太一样2.医学杂志Medical Journals（卫C）①医学杂志的主要读者是卫生专业人士②_大多数医学杂志只在网上出版是错误的。

③文章类型有__5__种。

④讲述同一话题的不同研究结果的文章属于_综述性文章_。

⑤读者来信就___医学杂志上的文章发表评论。

4.所有怀孕妇女被劝服用多种维生素Multivitamins Urged For All Pregnant Women（卫C）①依照WHO估计在发达国家每年有__200百万_婴儿出生体重过低？。

②下列__抗病毒物质_不是一片多维可以包含的物质。

③有关多种维生素的作用下面没提到的是_可以降低婴儿早产比例。

④淋巴细胞在身体中的作用是_提高免疫性，抗击感染__。

⑤在新的研究中，被没有感染艾滋病病毒且服用多维的妇女所生低体重婴儿占百分之_低于8%_。

5．美国人吃盐过量（卫C）①吃盐过多会增加以上全是（高血压、心脏病和中风）的危险。

②大多数美国成年人的日食盐量是多少？接近3500毫克③为了改善血压，人们应该如何饮食？。

采用低钠并富含钾、钙的饮食方式④高危人群包括A项和B项（黑人、年龄超过40岁的人）⑤一般认为包装、加工和饭店食物富含盐量。

6.自行车的危害Pushbike Peril（卫C）1）根据这篇文章，一些工程师努力提高车把，因为他们可能会杀死儿童2）第二段中，作者提到严重的腹部受伤的研究来告诉我们为什么K.A开始这个项目3）第三段主要讨论_如何出现严重的受伤__4）这篇文章暗示_并不容易说服制造商去采取新设计5）手把用下列哪种方式能起作用？它在自行车的事故中减少了危险的力7.深夜喝咖啡Late-night Drinking（卫C）①"pick-up"表明咖啡是__刺激物__________。

2011年职称英语教材阅读理解新增文章英文+中文+可替换题目2011年阅读理解新增文章_综合类第八篇The State of Marriage Today（C级）Is there something seriously wrong with marriage today? During the past 50 years the rate of divorce in the United States has exploded: almost 50% of marriages end in divorce now, and the evidence suggests it is going to get worse. If this trend continues, it will lead to the breakup of the family, according to a spokesperson for the National Family Association. Some futurists predict that in 100 years, the average American will many at least four times, and extramarital affairs will be even more common than they are now.But what are the reasons for this, and is the picture really so gloomy? The answer to the first question is really quite simple: marriage is no longer the necessity it once was. The institution of marriage has been based for years partly on economic need. Women used to be economically dependent on their husbands as they usually didn't have jobs outside the home. But with the rising number of women in well-paying jobs, this is no longer the case, so they don't feel that the5 need to stay in a failing marriage.In answer to the second question, the outlook may not be as pessimistic as it seems, While the rate of divorce has risen, the rate of couples marrying has never actually fallen very much, so marriage is still quite popular. In addition to this. many couples now cohabit and don't bother to marry. These couples are effectively married, but they do not appear in either the marriage or divorce statistics. In fact, more than 50% of firs marriages survive. The statistics are deceptive because there is a higher number of divorces in second and third marriages than in first marriages.So is marriage really an outdated institution? The fact that most people still get married indicates that it isn't. And it is also true that married couples have a healthier life than single people: they suffer less from stress and its consequences, such as heart problems, and married men generally consider themselves more contented than their single counterparts. Perhaps the key is to find out what makes a successful marriage and apply it to all of our relationships!练习：1. Which is true about the problem of marriage in the United States today? 美国当代的婚姻存在的问题是__。

2011年卫生类职称英语教材新增文章下载阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）目录：第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，" said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.’’Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical co ndition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3"Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，" said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”He's research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风cancern.癌瘤 adjacent adj.临近的breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉"。

词汇题技巧一条线一个词——直接查同义词典一条线二个词（介词+名词）——先跳过，最后做。

查名词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线二个词（动词+副词）——先跳过，最后做。

查动词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（动+副+介）——先跳过，最后做。

查动词释义，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（并列二个词）——先跳过，最后做。

查前不查后，再查各个选项意思一条线三个词（动+名+介）——先跳过，最后做。

查名不查动，再查各个选项意思一条线四个词（动+副+物主代词+名）——先跳过，最后做。

查名不查动，再查各个选项意思一条线对应二个或多个选项——直接查同义词典，跳过，最后做。

要看懂整句话。

“英英”查不到——先跳过，最后做。

1、查英英/同义词词典，对上谁选谁。

若没有2、都查英汉。

若没有3、看懂原文，新增译文：第四部分阅读理解第八篇当代婚姻如今的婚姻出什么严重问题了吗?在过去50年中，美国的离婚率暴涨：现在几乎50％的婚姻以离婚告终，证据显示，情况还将持续恶化。

据美国国家联合会的发言人称，如果这种趋势持续下去，将导致家庭的破裂。

一些未来学家预测，100年后的美国人将平均至少结四次婚，而婚外恋甚至将比现在更为普遍。

那问题的原因是什么?现状真的如此糟糕吗?第一个问题的答案十分简单：婚姻早已不像它过去那样非有不可了。

从好些年前开始，经济需求已经只是婚姻的部分基础。

过去，由于女性除了家庭以外没有任何工作，她们常常在经济上依赖丈夫。

现在，随着高薪女性的增多，情况也已经改变。

因此，她们觉得没有必要被一段失败的婚姻捆住手脚。

回答第二个问题，前景似乎不像它看起来那么令人悲观。

尽管离婚率升高，但实际结婚率并没有下降，所以说结婚还是挺流行的。

除此之外，现在许多恋人同居但并不急着领证。

这些人事实上已经结婚，但他们却是统计结婚与离婚率的盲区。

超过50％的第一次婚姻实际上是成功的。

之前数据的欺骗性在于二度与三度婚姻的离婚率要高于首次婚姻。

婚姻真的过时了吗?大多数人仍会结婚，这一事实证明不是这样的。