2020高考语法专题12 特殊句式

2020;2020届新课标高考英语精华知识点终极解密专题12 省略句莎士比亚曾经说过：Brevity is the soul of wit. （言以简为贵）。

为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。

这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）。

一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式的文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种十分普遍的现象。

英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：A．避免重复，减少累赘。

省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。

Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。

-- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我，但是他并没有来。

(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁多了) — What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么？—An apple. 一个苹果。

（如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”，便显得别扭，不自然）B．连接紧密，结构紧凑。

省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。

John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者，鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。

（Bob后省略了was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑）In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜，在有些地方住在山洞里。

高考语文文言文特殊句式【技巧点拨】Ⅰ.熟练掌握文言文中常见的特殊句式文言特殊句式有判断句、被动句、省略句、倒装句、固定结构等几类。

判断句、被动句要从结构特征上去掌握，省略句则要联系上下文去推求省略的部分，倒装句要掌握宾语前置、状语后置、定语后置、主谓倒装的一般规律，固定句式则要熟练记住它们的习惯用法。

一、判断句定义：判断句是对事物的性质、情况、事物之间的关系做出肯定或否定判断的句子。

文言文判断句在主谓之间一般不用判断词“是”，判断词“是”一般都不是判断词，而是指示代词，作判断句的主语。

常见句式有如下几种：1．“……者，……也。

”这是文言文判断句中最常见的句式。

主语后用“者”，表示提顿，有舒缓语气的作用，谓语后用“也”结句，对主语加以肯定的判断和解说。

例：①师者，所以传道授业解惑也。

②廉颇者，赵之良将也。

③楚左尹项伯者，项羽季父也。

④今言“华”如“华实”之“华”者，盖音谬也。

⑤今所谓慧空禅院者，褒之庐冢也。

⑥吾所以为此者，以先国家之急而后私仇也。

2.“……，……也。

”判断句中，一般省略“者”，只用“也”表示判断。

例：①操虽托名汉相，其实汉贼也。

②和氏壁，天下所共传宝也。

③严大国之威以修敬也。

④徒慕君之高义也。

⑤今杀相如，终不能得璧也。

⑥君子生非异也，善假于物也。

3.“……者，……。

”主语后面用“者”表示停顿，而谓语后面不用“也”。

这种判断句式中的“者”不译，翻译时只在主语和谓语之间加判断词“是”。

例：①四人者，庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父，余弟安国平父，安上纯父。

②粟者，民之所种。

4.“……者也”例：①北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。

②秦自缪公以来二十余君，未尝有坚明约束者也。

③沛公之参乘樊哙者也。

④莲，花之君子者也。

⑤晏子，齐之习辞者也。

⑥非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。

5.无标志判断句文言文中判断句有的没有任何标志，直接有名词对名词做出判断。

例：①刘备天下枭雄。

②刘豫州王室之胄。

③陈涉瓮牖绳枢之子。

④秦，虎狼之国。

实用标准文案专题12 特殊句式考纲展示命题探究考点一强调句根底点强调句型强调句型的陈述句形式：Itis/was＋被强调局部＋that/who＋其他成分。

被强调局部为“人〞时可用who/that ，被强调局部是“事物〞时用that。

It_isIwho/thatamright.( 强调主语)It_washimthat/whowemetattheschoolgate.( 强调宾语)It_wasintheparkthatT omlosthiswatch.( 强调状语)特别提醒在强调句型中，要用that作连接词，而不能用which或其他词，且不能省略。

当被强调局部是人，且作主语时，引导词也可用who。

强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。

It_isourteacherwho/that_helpsusmakegreatprogress. 正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。

当被强调局部是主语且为代词时，要用主格形式。

It_was_I_who_put_forwardthetheoryfirst. 是我最先提出这个理论的。

强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit＋被强调局部＋that/who＋其他成分。

Was_itin1939thattheSecondWorldWarbrokeout? 第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？Is_itProfessorWangwhoteachesyouEnglish? 教你们英语的是王教授吗？文档大全实用标准文案(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/wasitthat ＋其他成分。

Who_was_it_thatbrokethewindow? 打破窗户的是谁？When_was_it_thatyoucalledmeyesterday?你昨天给我打是什么时候？特别提醒如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。

Heaskedmewho_it_was_thattookhisumbrellabymistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。

特殊句式【考点集训】破考点练考向1.Not until recently they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.答案did2.Only when Lily walked into the office she realize that she had left the contract at home.答案did3.If(accept)for the job,you’ll be informed soon.答案accepted4.by increasing the number of doctors by50percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.答案Only5.Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.答案did6.“Never for a second,”the boy says,“I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”答案did7.Video games can be a poor influence if(leave)in the wrong hands.答案left8.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.答案will9.The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely,ever,reaching30℃in summer.答案if10.Little she care what she looks like;all she cares about is her job performance. 答案does11.Never before he seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.答案has12.It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.答案did14.So sudden(be)the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.答案was15.It’s nice.before have I had such a special drink!答案Never16.Absurd it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.答案as/though17.(2020届浙江杭州11月联考)There(be)many ways in which effective leaders can effectively manage their time.答案are18.was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.答案It19.It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.答案that20.Bach died in1750,but it was not until the early19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.答案that21.It was the culture, rather than the language,made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.答案that22.It’s not doing the things we like,but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.答案that23.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists. 答案that24.It was consistent love and kindness won a lifelong friendship.答案that25.It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.答案that26.It was only when I watched Inception a second time I had a better understanding of what it was talking about.答案that27.is it that he is not so friendly as he used to be?答案Why28.Mike didn’t understand it was that made his wife so upset this morning.答案what29.In any unsafe situation,simply(press)the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.答案press30.Give me a chance,I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.答案and31.(2020届浙江诸暨中学11月月考)Maureen stood by the lake.Suddenly from nowhere the other children running through the trees with sharp cries of excitement.答案came32.(2020届浙江名校协作体一模)Nobody knows exactly how much unsold stock is burnt annually by those fashion houses,do they understand its negative impacts on the environment.答案nor33.(2018浙江衢州三校联考)“It’s totally okay if it doesn’t make me step onto the stage of CCTV,”said a citizen in line when(ask)by the reporter.答案asked34.(2019浙江温州九校第一次联考)So sudden(be)the rain that people in the street were wet all over.答案was35.The ground is wet all over,so I’m sure it must have rained last night,it?答案didn’t36.(2020届浙江绿色评价联盟)It was in the flea market I bought two books for the coming semester from some graduates,who were full of passion for passing on their knowledge.答案that37.(2020届浙江宁波一模)According to the study,one’s job(do)have great effect on the time one goes to exercise.答案does38.(2019浙江名校协作体)Maybe it was Joseph’s firefighter training allowed him to think and act so quickly.答案that39.(2018北京师范大学附中期末,33)It was in the hotel he stayedI met him.答案where ,that40.(2020届浙江七彩阳光联盟联考)Although(serve)the same purpose of offering travelers a place to sleep,they have different features.答案serving二、综合语法填空Between the two teaching buildings1.___________(stand)our school library. It along with many other buildings, 2.________(be)very different from other schools’.But from the outside it looks very ordinary. Only when you go inside 3.________you see what's special about it. 4.________ are many books in the library, which are worth more than 20 million yuan. 5.______ large is the numberof the books that the average family can't afford them. Every student has access to it. Our teacher often tells us, “6.______(make)good use of the library, or you will regret after graduation.”Our library is still a multi-functional building with two computer rooms, four reading rooms and a meeting room. Not only can the students read the books they like, 7.______also they can enjoy surfing the internet. It is in these two reading rooms8._______ students spend such a happy weekend. Of course, there are still many students who make full use of the library to read as much as they can, and9.________ is not until the lights go out that they leave every day. 10._______diligent students they are! In addition, sometimes, a lecture will be in the conference room, which will enrich students' life.答案1.stands2.is3.can4.There5.So6.Make7.but8.that9.it10.What三、短文改错①As we all known, classroom is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their dreams. ②However, there are some students not using class proper, which makes things go from bad to worse. ③For example, some students played mobile phones or sleep in class, ④wasting plenty of precious times. ⑤What's worse, some students enjoy chat with others. ○6Not onl y it af fect their own study, but it also does harm to others.As far as I am concern, ○7the main reason is because they don't realize the importance of study.○8To solve this problem, they should bear in mind making the full use of class○9is the best way to improving the efficiency of study. ○10After all, time and tide waits for no man.做题要求：每个数字后的句子都有一个错误，只将正确的词写下来即可；增加或删除的词，也只将增减或删除的词下来即可，不用要语言陈述。

2020年高考英语全国卷12长难句分析(原文)And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice inher own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack,11、(译文)这位“早安，英国”的电视节目主持人说，她能够在自己的家里把许多学到的东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子山姆，13岁的芬恩，和11岁的杰克准备膳食。

(分析)这是一个多重复合句，主句And the Good Morning Britain presenter says后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。

宾语从句本身也是复合句，其中what shes learnt 也是宾语从句，preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack,11是-ing形式做伴随状语。

2 (全国卷1阅读C)(原文)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot,wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers、 (译文)一般的规律是，温和地带的通常为许多人所使用的语言相对较少，而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，通常为少数人所使用。

(分析)这是一个复合句，句中that引导一个表语从句；从句中often spoken by many people和often spoken by small numbers为-ed形式做定语，分别修饰few languages和lots。

同时while在句中做并列连词，意为“然而”，表示对比。

专项十二特殊句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致精讲例题1.【2012江西卷】Never before seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.A．had she B．she had C．has she D．she has2.【2012重庆卷】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor______ it a thought.A. does he even giveB. he even givesC. will he even giveD. he will even give3.【2012重庆卷】It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic______ Zheng sailed to East Africa.A. whenB. thatC. afterD. since4.【2012 湖南卷】It was not until I came here______I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.A whoB thatC whereD before5.【2012辽宁卷】Not until he retired from teaching three years ago______having a holiday abroad.A he had consideredB had he consideredC he consideredD did he consider6.【2012四川卷】This is not my story, nor_____the whole story. My story plays out differently.A is thereB there isC is itD it is7.【2012 天津卷】Only after Mary read her composition the second time_____the spelling mistake.A did he noticeB she noticedC does she noticeD she has noticed8.【2012 山东卷】When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or_____.A whoeverB whereverC whateverD however9.【2011陕西卷】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_____benefits our work most.A whoB whichC thatD what10.【2012四川卷】Was it on a lonely island_____he was saved one month after the boat went down?A whereB thatC whichD what11.【2011重庆卷】----Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn tree?-----Of course, I have. It was in our village_____it was made.A thatB whereC whenD which12.【2011新课标卷】Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he hadbeen in last year.A he realizedB he did realizeC realized heD did he realize13.【2011福建卷】----It’s nice. Never before_____such a special drink!----I am glad you like it.A I have hadB I hadC have I hadD had I14. 【2011江苏卷】It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine._____, we had better take it to the garage immediately.A OtherwiseB If notC But for thatD If so15. 【2011全国卷】Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and _____.A．neither won’t Tom B Tom won’t either C Tom will too D wo will tom 16. 【2012安徽卷】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _____some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A keepsB keepC have keptD had kept17.【2012湖南卷】All the scientific evidence _____that increasing use of chemicals in farming_____damaging our health.A. show areB. shows areC. show isD. shows is18 【2012陕西卷】The basketball coach, as well as his team,_____interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.A wereB wasC isD are19.【2011安徽卷】The factory used 65% of the raw materials, the rest of which_____savef for other pursoses.A isB areC wasD were20【2011湖南卷】One-third of the country____covered with trees and the majority of the citizens____black people.A is areB is isC are areD are is反馈试卷1. Try____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open..A. ifB. whenC. sine D as2. Only when he reached the tea-house ______it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized he D did he realize3.—It’s nice. Never before____ such a special drink!—I’m glad you like it.A.I have hadB. I had C have I had D had I4.Only after they had discussed the matter for a few hours _______a decision.A. they reachedB. did they reachC. they reachD. do they reach5 It sounds like something is wron g with the car’s engine._______, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.A. OtherwiseB. If notC. But for that D If so6.I have seldom seen my mother ______ pleased with my progress as she is now .A. soB. veryC. tooD. rather7.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ______ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. whereB. thatC. whenD. which8.John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work______has made him what he is today.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. that9.------- I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.-------why not consult with Frank? You see, _______.A. great minds think alikeB. two heads are better than oneC. a bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD. it’s better to think twice before doing something10. -------Is everyone here?-------Not yet…… Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming11.If you have a job, ________ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed.A. do devoteB. don’t devoteC. devotingD. not devoting12 .We laugh at jokes, but seldom about how they work.A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think13. John opened the door . There _____ he had never seen before.A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl14.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if regularly, can improveour health.A. being carried outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out15.Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.A did he beginB had he begunC he beganD he had begun16.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie17.______a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.A. It hasB. They haveC. It remainsD. There remains18.For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together.A. voices had comeB. came voicesC. voices would comeD. did voices come19.Every evening after dinner, if not____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A. being tiredB. tiringC. tiredD. to be tired20.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as21.It was _____ he came back from Africa that wear ______ he met the girl he would like to marry.A. when; thenB. not; untilC. not until; thatD. only; when22. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _______, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers’ energyB. was teachers’ energy savedC. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy23.So sudden _______that the enemy had no time to escape.A. did the attackB. the attack didC. was the attackD. the attack was24.Little_____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does careD. does Rose care25.Unsatisfied _______with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was heB. though he wasC. he was thoughD. was he though26.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were27. One third of the country______covered with trees and the majority of thecitizens_______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is28.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who_______ evening dress.A.wearB.wearsC.has wornD.have worn29.Listening to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have30.Such poets as Shakespeare _____widely read, of whose works, however, some____ difficult to understand.A. are；areB. is；isC. are；isD. is：are专项十二特殊句式（倒装、省略、强调）和主谓一致精讲例题1-5 CCBBD 6-10 CAACB 11-15 ADCDB 16-20 ADBDA反馈试卷1-5 DDCBD 6-10 ABDBA 11-15 ADDCA 16-20 ADBCD21-25 CBCAB 26-30 DABCA。