专业英语

专业英语⼀、词语搭配1、polysome (g)RNA and ribosomes2、pinocytosis (n)cell drinking3、exocytosis (k)expel4、plastid (i)in plants only5、Golgi complex (o)packaging6、flagella (m)whiplike7、phagocytosis (f)engulfment 8、lysosome (b)baglike structure 9、basal body (d)where flagella grow 10、vacuole(l)vacant11、nucleus (j)control room12、chemotactic (e)toward or away from a chemical stimulus13、ribosome (a)protein synthesis 14、cytoskeleton (h)weblike15、mitochondrion (c)power generator 16、C3 plant (e)moist climates 17、pigment (n)absorbs 18、light reactions (g)water oxidized 19、thylakoid (a)surrounds a lumen 20、ground state (o)most stable21、reaction center (j)a specific site22、photorespiration (l)inefficient dark reaction23、RuBP (d)electron acceptor for CO224、Calvin-Benson cycle (c)light-independent reactions25、C4 plant (m)dry climates 26、photon (h)wave and particle 27、chlorophyll (b)principal pigment 28、chloroplast (k) banana shape29、carbon cycle (i) greenhouse effect30、light-independent reactions (f)light optional⼆、判断1、F Unlike other cell membranes, the nuclear envelope has no pores.2、T Most cellular proteins are manufactured on ribosomes.3、T White blood cells work by phagocytosis.4、F Prokaryotic cells have microbodies.5、T Mitochondria are self-replicating.6、F Carotenoids are colorless molecules.7、F Grana are surrounded by stomata.8、F Photosynthesis occurs in all living thing.9、T Photon energy is inversely proportional to wavelength.10、F The reaction center in photosystem II is P70011、F Chlorophyll b is not found in any prokaryote.12、T Cyclic photophosphorylation produces additional ATP in plants.13、F The chemiosmotic theory applies to mitochondria but not to chloroplasts.14、T Light-dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast stroma.15、T The Calvin-Benson cycle may take place either in light or in the dark.16、T Light-independent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane.17、T C3 plants grow slowly in hot, dry weather.18、T Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment in green plants.三、多选⼀1、Ribosomes (a)a、are organelles involved in protein synthesis2、Transformation of energy and storage of energy in the cell are the mainfunction of (d)d、mitochondria3、Chromoplasts are a type of (d)d、plastid4、Each individual cell is supported by a network of filaments and tubules known as (d)d、a cytoskeleton5、Proteins synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum are modified (c)c、in the Golgi complex6、An organelle isolated from an animal cell is found to contain large number of enzymes involved in energy transformation. This organelle is most likely to be (c)c、a mitochondrion7、In the early 1900s the discovery that the nucleus contains nucleic acids and proteins led many scientists to believe that(d)d、genes are made of protein8、In the DNA molecule (e)e、all of the above9、The double helix model of DNA structure was proposed by (b)b、Watson and Tatum10、The phosphate group in the DNA molecule (b)b、links the 5-C sugar of one nucleotide to the 3-C sugar of the next nucleotide11、DNA replication is termed semiconservative because (d)d、each new molecule has one strand from the original molecule12、Energy to power the sperm flagellum is generated by (a)a、mitochondria13、Meiosis is completed in egg cells (e)e、the egg,s time of release14、Spontaneous development of an unfertilized egg is known as (d)d、parthenogenesis15、The end product of cleavage is a (c)c、blastula16、A cell that can only give rise to cells with a specific function is（b）b、differentiated17、Morphogenesis involves a change in (c)c、cell shape四、阅读理解1、What does the passage mainly discuss?B、Why birds migrate2、According to the passage, which of the following protects birds against cold weather?C、Feathers3、In paragraph one, the word “constant” is closest in meaning to which of the following?B、Invariable4、In paragraph two, the author mentions young arctic terns as an example of birds thatB、migrate instinctively5、The passage mentions all of the following as changes that birds exposed to longer periods of darkness experience EXEPTD、increased appetite6、In the experiment mentioned in the passage, the scientists adjusted the birds,C、exposure to light五、英译汉1、If you were asked to summarize your paper in one sentence,what would you say?译：如果让你⽤⼀句话对你的⽂章进⾏总结，你会怎么说？2：Focusing on your central message.译：聚焦于你的中⼼思想。

1.Basically all power is with the people.归根结底，一切力量属于人民。

2. The works of these watches and clocks are all home-produced.这些钟表的零件都是国产的。

3. In the workshop the electric lamp is burning brightly just now .此刻车间里正灯火通明。

4. This mine is no longer being worked.这座矿上不再开采了。

5. The major contributions in component technology have been in the semiconductor components. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。

6.antilinear thousand-fold ultra-microscope twist drill I-steel非线性的千倍超显微镜麻花钻工字钢1. Rockets have found applications for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用于探索宇宙。

2. No one has ever seen a single atom or molecule even with the most powerful microscope.即使用最大倍率的显微镜，也从来没有人见过一个单一的原子或分子。

3. Are they through with the assembling of the generator?他们完成了发电机的组装吗？4. We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem.我们发现解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。

5. This waveguide tube is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of structure.这种波导管的主要特点是结构简单。

大学生专业英语词汇总结随着全球化时代的到来，跨国公司、国际组织以及各种国际活动的频繁出现，英语作为国际交流的基本语言，成为了每一个大学生必备的技能之一。

作为大学英语的学习者，熟练掌握专业英语词汇不仅是提升英语水平的必要条件，也是迈向专业领域的重要基础。

下面是本文为大家总结的大学生专业英语词汇：一、商务英语1. revenue –收入\n2. profit –利润\n3. sales –销售额\n4. market –市场\n5. brand –品牌\n6. strategy –策略\n7. investment –投资\n8. competition –竞争\n9. target market –目标市场\n10. advertising –广告二、计算机科学1. algorithm –算法\n2. database –数据库\n3. programming –编程\n4. software –软件\n5. hardware –硬件\n6. network –网络\n7. code –代码\n8. operating system –操作系统\n9. debugging –调试\n10. user interface –用户界面三、金融学1. interest rate –利率\n2. stock –股票\n3. bond –债券\n4. investment –投资\n5. risk –风险\n6. liquidity –流动性\n7. asset –资产\n8. liability –负债\n9. hedge fund –对冲基金\n10. derivatives –衍生品四、法律1. contract –合同\n2. litigation –诉讼\n3. liability –责任\n4. precedent –先例\n5. intellectual property –知识产权\n6. arbitration –仲裁\n7. legal system –法律体系\n8. judgment –判决\n9. plaintiff –原告\n10. defendant –被告五、医学1. diagnosis –诊断\n2. treatment –治疗\n3. surgery –手术\n4. medication –药物\n5. patient –病人\n6. symptom –症状\n7. disease –疾病\n8. surgery –外科学\n9. anatomy –解剖学\n10. physiology –生理学六、教育学1. curriculum –课程\n2. pedagogy –教学法\n3. assessment –评估\n4. classroom management –课堂管理\n5. educational psychology –教育心理学\n6. learning outcomes –学习成果\n7. special education –特殊教育\n8. differentiated instruction –差异化教学\n9. educational research –教育研究\n10. teaching strategies –教学策略七、国际关系1. sovereignty –主权\n2. diplomacy –外交\n3. globalization –全球化\n4. non-governmental organization (NGO) –非政府组织\n5. international law –国际法\n6. foreign policy –外交政策\n7. human rights –人权\n8. conflict resolution –冲突解决\n9. international trade –国际贸易\n10. international governance –国际治理八、建筑设计1. blueprint –蓝图\n2. architecture –建筑学\n3. building materials –建筑材料\n4. interior design –室内设计\n5.construction –建筑工程\n6. sustainable design –可持续设计\n7. building code –建筑规范\n8. structural engineering –结构工程\n9. landscape architecture –景观设计\n10. urban planning –城市规划以上是本文总结的大学生专业英语词汇，涵盖了商务、计算机科学、金融学、法律、医学、教育学、国际关系、建筑设计等多个专业领域。

Unit 1 BAUHAUSTo be a real veteran, start from the history of industrial design, and get ready to shou off at any time! 学说两句设计史话，立刻成为设计行家HistoryThe Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by an architect which sought to integrate art and economics, and to add an element of engineering to art. The Werkbund (德）工作联盟movement was unable to achieve this integration, but the founding of the Bauhaus saw the solution that had previously been overlooked. The Bauhaus was founded by the combining of the Weimar Art Academy（魏玛艺术学院）, and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School（魏玛工艺学校）. Students at this new school were trained by both an artist and a master craftsman, realizing the desires of Gropius to make "modern artists familiar with science and economics, that began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." IdeologiesThe school had three aims at its inception that stayed basically the same throughout the life of the Bauhaus even though the direction of the school changed significantly and repeatedly. The first aim of the school was to "rescue all of the arts from the isolation in which each then found itself," to encourage the individual artisans and craftsmen to work cooperatively and combine all of their skills. Secondly, the school set out to elevate the status of crafts, chairs, lamps, teapots, etc., to the same level enjoyed by fine arts, painting, sculpting, etc.. The third aim was to maintain contact with the leaders of industry and craft in an attempt to eventually gain independence from government support by selling designs to industry.With these at its basis the Bauhaus began and influenced our lives immensely in ways that most people probably take for granted.Innovations and AchievementsSince the school tried to combine art with engineering and craftsmanship, innovation ran rampant through the Bauhaus resulting in a multitude of advances affecting the most basic aspects of life."Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly or entirely constructed from prefabricated elements is benefiting from a revolution in design largely brought about by the Bauhaus; The practical innovations developed by the Bauhaus have profoundly effected designs favoured by industry as shown by the desks and chairs that fill offices, lobbies, and lounges across America, not to mention the portable classrooms that seem to be favoured today, delivered on trucks, propped up and bolted together and filled with those ubiquitous tubular steel and plastic chairs. The effects of the Bauhaus stretches beyond our furniture and light fixtures, into the realms of architecture, theater, and typography. where the designs and style of the Bauhaus are still spoken of today./~gflores/bauhaus/history.html2ICSID国际工业设计师联合会What is Industrial Design?Industrial Design is concerned with all the human aspects ofmachine-made products and their relationship to people and the environment. The designer is responsible for these products and their impact on society and nature. The designer accounts for the product's human factors engineering, safety, form, color, maintenance and cost. Industrial design deals with consumer products as well as industrial products. In order to achieve these ends, designers must be involved in four major design and research activities: human behavior, the human-machine interface, the environment, and the product itself. 为了达到这些目的，设计师必须投入到以下四项有关设计和研究的活动中去：人类行为学，人机界面学，环境学，以及产品本身的研究。

词语翻译早期强度：early strength引气剂：air entraining agent球磨机: ball mill回转窑:rotary kiln水泥熟料：cement clinker固溶体：solid solution晶体缺陷：crystal imperfection闪凝：flash set扫描电子显微镜：Scanning Electron Microscope诱导期：dormant(induction) period 渗透压：osmotic pressure初凝：initial set终凝：final set 硅酸三钙：tricalcium silicate 硅酸二钙：dicalcium silicate硬化混凝土：hardened concrete新拌混凝土：fresh concrete干缩：drying shrinkage弹性模量：elastic modulus塑性阶段：plastic state素混凝土：plain concrete钢筋混凝土：reinforced concrete自平衡系统：self-equilibrating system先张法：pre-tensioning method后张法：post-tensioning method高性能混凝土：High Performance Concrete水泥石：hardened cement paste硅灰：silica fume标准偏差：standard deviation高效减水剂：high range water reducing admixtures空间位阻：steric hindrance 缓凝剂：Set retarding chemical admixtures英译汉（1）The salient point demonstrated by this table is the comparatively large variation in compound composition that can apply even with a very small variation in the chemical analysis of the raw materials .译：这个表格所突显的观点是只要原料的化学组成发生微小变化就可以导致化合物组成发生相当大的变化。

1. The system's characteristic equation can be used to determine _____ of a linear time-invariant systemA、 the stabilityB、magnitude of the steady-state errorC、 the controllabilityD、 the observability正确答案:A2. In a coal-fired power plant, an electrostatic precipitator is used to remove_____ from the combustion gasesA、 solid particleB、COC. water vapour正确答案:A3. An expansion slot is a long, narrow socket on the motherboard into which you can plug _____A、 an expansion cardB. a modemc. a network cardD. a sound card正确答案:A4 Resistors are _____elementsA、 passiveB. activeC、 independent sourcesD、dependent sources正确答案:A5. The algebraic sum of all voltages around a loop is_____A、zeroB. indefinite valueC. sum of voltage risesD、sum of voltage drops正确答案:A6、ON-OFF information can be represented by_____ signalA、 a digitalB、 an analogC、a discreteD. a control正确答案:A7, The transformer is a straightforward application of Faraday's_____ LawA、OhmsB. Electromagnetic InductionC. Kirchhoff’s currentD、 Kirchhoff’s voltage正确答案:B8、 A computer printer is_____ device that produces computer-generated text or graphical images on paperA、 an inputB、 an outputC、 a storageD、 a data processing正确答案:B9. A computer's microprocessor only understands_____ in binary form。

《专业英语》（课程代码：00196）Ⅰ Vocabulary (40 points)(1)Translate the following words and expressions intoChinese.at stake _______________ tracing paper ________________ pay to use _____________ artifact __________________ anonymous designer ______________ flip chart________________polypropylene _________________visual identity __________________geometric form______________ diversification _____________ (2) Translate the following words and expressions into English.企业形象识别设计 ________________机器美学____________________形式追随功能___________________插图画家 __________________设计调查 ____________________创造性思维 __________________功能分析 ____________________金属材料 ___________________批量生产 ____________________理性与功能的完美结合 __________________________________Ⅱ Comprehension (20 points)(1) Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. (10 points)consistent view effort teammate media emotion effort trivial relationship PersonalityDesign patterns and modular components are effective techniques for designing and building long-lasting,______________ experiences. You may reach the point where you ask yourself “Is it time to build a library for our team?”Many teams have realized incredible efficiencies, savings, and better design through design libraries and related standards. However, building a library isn’t _____________.It takes time and _____________to get off the ground, can trigger significant and uncomfortable organizational change, and comes with an ongoing maintenance cost. In some cases, libraries are not the answer and yes, sometimes libraries fail. Nobody wants to invest the time, _____________, and personal capital only to have nothing to show for it.Therefore, precede any kind of library build out with a period of discernment. Before you dive, ask yourself and your______________ the following eight questions to gauge whethera library is right for you.(2)Choose the best answer according to the passage B. (10points)Some time ago, a friend offered me a ride home after work. I got into her SUVand sat down, ready for the short ride. After a few minutes, an annoying beepingsound started. “Oh,” she said, “You’ll need to fasten y our seatbelt to make thatirritating noise stop.” Grudgingly, I did up my seatbelt and the noise ceased, butthe beeping had accomplished its purpose; I fastened my seatbelt.This is an example of affective design: design that’sintentionally created to ca pture the user’sattention, triggering an emotional response that willincrease the likelihood of performing a certainbehavior. The emotional response can be conscious orunconscious. For example, a brightly colored buttonwill attract users’ attention un consciously byaffecting the degree of arousal (i.e. physicalstimulation). And the behavior could be any action,from clicking a button or signing up for a newsletter,to making a purchase online.To make the unpleasant sound in my friend’s SUV stop, I had to perform a particular behavior. In this case, the stimulus wasthe unpleasant beeping sound, which triggered my annoyance andled me to fasten my seatbelt. With your latest web app, thestimulus is likely visual, rather than auditory, but the energythat it commands is the same. One thing these stimuli have incommon is that they demand and command your attention.(2.1) Which of the following made the noise?_______A .the steering wheel B.the seat C.the seatbelt D thedoor(2.2) The product which is described as the example is _________?A a carB a TVC a mobile phoneD the door(2.3) To create an affective product, the designer would try to_____A make the product colorful.B make the product effective in triggering anemotional response.C make the product easy to use(2.4) which topic may be the best following content ofthis text?_____A The principle of emotional product design.B The importance of affective design in SUV.C The significance of functional and rational design.Ⅲ Translation (40 points)(1) Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(20points)(1.1) Our tendency to assign and characterize personality based onconversation is easily recognizable in the example below.(1.2) Hundreds of the top Chinese students are flockingto the best U.S. and European graduate programs in design."It really blows my mind how dedicated they are," saysTim Parsey, director of consumer-experience design forMotorola Inc.(2) Translate the following sentences into English. (20 points)(2.1) 彩色铅笔在设计的手绘过程是理想的工具。