《专业英语词汇总》PPT课件
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专业英语ppt
quality and safety testing, for the present, can not leave without a large number of inspection agencies inspection agencies includes:seed quality
supervision and testing centers, testing centers for quality control of chemical fertilizers, pesticides Supervision and Testing Center, veterinary testing centers, feed quality and safety of agricultural products
Quality safety and quality test of agricultural products
Name: Bian Yuan College: Water and Civil Engineering
1.The Significance of Safety and Quality • a top priority related to social stability and people's
departments
2. Cultivate a large number of professional teams of agricultural product quality safety test
It’s a technical type of work, not allowed to simply find a few people who have academic diplomas to replace Persons engaged in the work should receive specialized skills training, and be proficient at testing technology A high sense of responsibility, fairness, justice
专业英语ppt.ppt
❖ Quality control work is unique :
(1) Accuracy :the data must be accurate
(2) timeliness :Samples must be tested as soon
as possible without delay
(3) Continuity
supervision and testing centers, testing centers for quality control of chemical fertilizers, pesticides Supervision and Testing Center, veterinary testing centers, feed quality and safety of agricultural products
health
• related to production development, consumption
safety, economic development
• one of the basic functions of government
2.The Relationship between Safety and Test ﹡quality of agricultural products depends on the
❖ quality and safety testing, for the present, can not leave without a large number of inspection agencies
❖ inspection agencies includes:seed quality
(1) Accuracy :the data must be accurate
(2) timeliness :Samples must be tested as soon
as possible without delay
(3) Continuity
supervision and testing centers, testing centers for quality control of chemical fertilizers, pesticides Supervision and Testing Center, veterinary testing centers, feed quality and safety of agricultural products
health
• related to production development, consumption
safety, economic development
• one of the basic functions of government
2.The Relationship between Safety and Test ﹡quality of agricultural products depends on the
❖ quality and safety testing, for the present, can not leave without a large number of inspection agencies
❖ inspection agencies includes:seed quality
医学英语词汇ppt课件
Classification of Medical English Vocabulary
Anatomy
Terms related to the study of the structure and function of the human body, such as "cardiovascular system" and "digestive tract".
04
Medical imaging English
vocabulary
X-ray imaging vocabulary
X-ray machine: 用 于产生X射线的设备。
X-ray image: 通过X 射线产生的影像。
X-ray film: 用于捕捉 X射线的胶片。
CT imaging vocabulary
Efficient Patient Care: Providers who have a robust medical vocabulary are better equipped to gather patient history, perform physical examinations, and diagnose conditions quickly and accurately.
Procedures and Tests
Language associated with medical procedures, such as "MRI" and "CBC," as well as tests like "ECG" and "ultrasound."
Pharmacology
(推荐)《常用英语词汇》PPT课件
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翻译实例
• 1 由于加工精度问题，行位孔与模仁上骨位深度很难刚好做 平，现将产品骨位此处减胶0.05mm，请知悉，左右两个孔 一样.
• Because of the accuracy of the manufacture, it is difficult to make the slider hole the same level with the core depth, so we suggest reducing 0.05mm plastic on the ribs, please make the same change to both LH & RH holes.
visible surface.
14
• 7 此绿色面没有出模角，建议以减胶方式做3度的出模角以 便行位出模。
• No draft in green area, suggest reducing plastic and draft angle 3degree to release the slider easily.
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胶件常见缺陷
黑点 Black Dot 披锋 Flash 流纹 Flow mark 气纹 Gas mark/Flow mark 缩水 Sink mark/shrinkage 变形 Deformation 亮印 Bright spot 擦花/划伤 Scratch 碰伤 bumpping 胶泡 Bubble 夹线 Weld line / nit line 针孔 pin hole
• The green area have no draft angle, to avoid any scratch, we would like to reduce plastic for 0.5° draft angle.
翻译实例
• 1 由于加工精度问题，行位孔与模仁上骨位深度很难刚好做 平，现将产品骨位此处减胶0.05mm，请知悉，左右两个孔 一样.
• Because of the accuracy of the manufacture, it is difficult to make the slider hole the same level with the core depth, so we suggest reducing 0.05mm plastic on the ribs, please make the same change to both LH & RH holes.
visible surface.
14
• 7 此绿色面没有出模角，建议以减胶方式做3度的出模角以 便行位出模。
• No draft in green area, suggest reducing plastic and draft angle 3degree to release the slider easily.
18
胶件常见缺陷
黑点 Black Dot 披锋 Flash 流纹 Flow mark 气纹 Gas mark/Flow mark 缩水 Sink mark/shrinkage 变形 Deformation 亮印 Bright spot 擦花/划伤 Scratch 碰伤 bumpping 胶泡 Bubble 夹线 Weld line / nit line 针孔 pin hole
• The green area have no draft angle, to avoid any scratch, we would like to reduce plastic for 0.5° draft angle.
专业英语词汇
2.1 数学、方程与比例 Mathematics, Equation and Ratio New Words & Expressions:
algebra 代数学 algebraic 代数的 arithmetic 算术, 算术的 axiom 公理 conception 概念，观点 constant 常数 logical deduction 逻辑推理 division 除，除法 formula 公式 trigonometry 三角学 geometrical 几何的 identity 恒等式 measure 测量，测度 numerical 数值的, 数字的 operation 运算 postulate 公设 proposition 命题 subtraction 减，减法 term 项，术语 variable 变化的，变量
population 总体
probability 概率
statistics 统计学
New Words & Expressions:
assume 假定 sequence 序列，数列
converge 收敛
发散 imaginary part 虚部 imply 蕴含，推出 recursion formula 递推公式
series 级数，序列
subscript 下标 succession 连贯性 successor 后继
• New Words & Expressions:
irrational number 无理数 the orde axiom 序公理 ordered 有序的 rational 有理的 rational number 有理数 reasoning 推理
product 积
quotient 商
algebra 代数学 algebraic 代数的 arithmetic 算术, 算术的 axiom 公理 conception 概念，观点 constant 常数 logical deduction 逻辑推理 division 除，除法 formula 公式 trigonometry 三角学 geometrical 几何的 identity 恒等式 measure 测量，测度 numerical 数值的, 数字的 operation 运算 postulate 公设 proposition 命题 subtraction 减，减法 term 项，术语 variable 变化的，变量
population 总体
probability 概率
statistics 统计学
New Words & Expressions:
assume 假定 sequence 序列，数列
converge 收敛
发散 imaginary part 虚部 imply 蕴含，推出 recursion formula 递推公式
series 级数，序列
subscript 下标 succession 连贯性 successor 后继
• New Words & Expressions:
irrational number 无理数 the orde axiom 序公理 ordered 有序的 rational 有理的 rational number 有理数 reasoning 推理
product 积
quotient 商
专业英语(课堂PPT)
索是前者（practical soution）提供的 • for permanent bridges, the most commonly used
material are steels and concrete. • 对于永久使用的大桥来说，钢材和混凝土是最常使
用的材料
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• bridges of many different types are built with these materials, used singly or in combination.
20
Girder bridges come in two basic varieties：plate and box girders. 梁桥由两部分组成，板和箱梁。 Plate girders are used in the United States for medium spans. They generally are continuous structures with maximum depth of girder over the piers and minimum depth at mid-span. 在美国，板梁桥应用于中跨度桥，它们一般是连续结构， 它们在墩台处有最大深度，在中跨处有最小深度。
• and such forces have to be resisted by manipulating the right materials in the right pattern.
• 并且这些力必须 通过在正确的结构中熟练使用正确 材料 来阻止。
5
• this requires both the inspiration of an artist and the skill of an artison.
material are steels and concrete. • 对于永久使用的大桥来说，钢材和混凝土是最常使
用的材料
9
• bridges of many different types are built with these materials, used singly or in combination.
20
Girder bridges come in two basic varieties：plate and box girders. 梁桥由两部分组成，板和箱梁。 Plate girders are used in the United States for medium spans. They generally are continuous structures with maximum depth of girder over the piers and minimum depth at mid-span. 在美国，板梁桥应用于中跨度桥，它们一般是连续结构， 它们在墩台处有最大深度，在中跨处有最小深度。
• and such forces have to be resisted by manipulating the right materials in the right pattern.
• 并且这些力必须 通过在正确的结构中熟练使用正确 材料 来阻止。
5
• this requires both the inspiration of an artist and the skill of an artison.
chapter-1-英语词汇概述PPT课件
Denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us, indispensable to all the people who speak the language
The following features:
Stability Productivity Polysemy Collocability
-
24
Non-basic vocabulary
Terminology: Jargon行话 Slang俚语 Argot隐语，行话 Dialectal words Archaisms古语 Neologisms 新字，新义
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Terminology
Medical terminology: 肺炎：pneumonia 肺炎伤寒：typhopneumonia；
means “take a look ”
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I put my tit for tat on my crust of bread and my daisy roots on my plates of meat and fell down the apples and pears because I was elephant's trunk.
A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
-
13
syllable
monosyllabic words
good; boy; book
polysyllabic words
unfortunately; management
compound words
The following features:
Stability Productivity Polysemy Collocability
-
24
Non-basic vocabulary
Terminology: Jargon行话 Slang俚语 Argot隐语，行话 Dialectal words Archaisms古语 Neologisms 新字，新义
-
25
Terminology
Medical terminology: 肺炎：pneumonia 肺炎伤寒：typhopneumonia；
means “take a look ”
-
28
I put my tit for tat on my crust of bread and my daisy roots on my plates of meat and fell down the apples and pears because I was elephant's trunk.
A word is an independent, minimal, meaningful linguistic unit.
-
13
syllable
monosyllabic words
good; boy; book
polysyllabic words
unfortunately; management
compound words
专业英语PPT完整版资料
China • 麻省理工学院 The Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
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• （4）图题中一般可以省去冠词。下面例子中带下划线的词的前 面就省略了冠词。
• 图2-1用旋转矢量的垂直分量来产生正弦波 • Figure 2-1 Generation of sine wave by vertical component of
current,voltage and resistance. • 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成
的。 • A transisitor consists of three parts:emitter,base
and collector.
10
• （6）表示独一无二的人之前不用冠词。 • 这被称为1赫兹，以纪念无线电波的发现者海
network.
12
• 3.特殊情况 • （1）在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用
定冠词。 • 电位差的单位为伏特。 • The unit of potential difference is the volt. • 电容的单位为法拉。 • The uint of capacitance is the farad.
• 该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。 • The voltage across the resistor is a few (或 several ) tenths
of a volt. • 这根导线的电阻为零点零几欧姆。 • The resistance of the wire is a few (或 several ) hundredths
called a Watt(W),in honor of James Watt,developer of the steam engine.
Technology
8
• （4）图题中一般可以省去冠词。下面例子中带下划线的词的前 面就省略了冠词。
• 图2-1用旋转矢量的垂直分量来产生正弦波 • Figure 2-1 Generation of sine wave by vertical component of
current,voltage and resistance. • 晶体管是由发射极、基极和集电极三部分构成
的。 • A transisitor consists of three parts:emitter,base
and collector.
10
• （6）表示独一无二的人之前不用冠词。 • 这被称为1赫兹，以纪念无线电波的发现者海
network.
12
• 3.特殊情况 • （1）在表示某个参数的单位的词前往往用
定冠词。 • 电位差的单位为伏特。 • The unit of potential difference is the volt. • 电容的单位为法拉。 • The uint of capacitance is the farad.
• 该电阻上的电压为零点几伏。 • The voltage across the resistor is a few (或 several ) tenths
of a volt. • 这根导线的电阻为零点零几欧姆。 • The resistance of the wire is a few (或 several ) hundredths
called a Watt(W),in honor of James Watt,developer of the steam engine.
英语单词ppt课件
English word PPT courseware
目录
• The Importance of Learning English Words • English vocabulary learning methods • Common English word classification • Application scenarios of English words • Recommended English Word Learning
Learning English words allow for a deep understanding of Western culture, literature, and art
Understand different perspectives
English words carry the ideas and values of Western culture, helping to broaden one's perspective
English is the language of international academic research, learning new English words helps to keep up with the latest research and developments in various fields
improves language comprehension and expression
Improve grammar
02
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Understanding English word usage help to grasp
目录
• The Importance of Learning English Words • English vocabulary learning methods • Common English word classification • Application scenarios of English words • Recommended English Word Learning
Learning English words allow for a deep understanding of Western culture, literature, and art
Understand different perspectives
English words carry the ideas and values of Western culture, helping to broaden one's perspective
English is the language of international academic research, learning new English words helps to keep up with the latest research and developments in various fields
improves language comprehension and expression
Improve grammar
02
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Understanding English word usage help to grasp
《英语专有名词词汇》PPT课件
• 经济管理系 Department of Economic Management • 经济（学）系 Department of Economics • 教育系 Department of Education • 国际经济系 Department of International Economics • 国际政治系 Department of International Politics • 国际关系 Department of International Relations • 国际贸易系 Department of International Trade • 英语系 English Language Department • 外语系 Foreign Languages Department • 语系 French Language Department
节日
• 1月1日元旦 New Year's Day • 2月14日情人节 Valentine's Day • 3月8日国际妇女节 International Women' Day • 3月12日中国植树节 China Arbor Day • 3月14日白色情人节 White Day
• 4月1日愚人节 April Fools' Day
• 盲人学校 school for the blind/blidmen's school • 成人学校 adult school • 民办学校 voluntary school • 补习学校 continuation school • 夜校 evening (night) school • 职业学校 vocational school • 外语学校 foreign languages school • 卫生学校 health school • 商业学校 commercial school • 师范学校 school for kindergarten teachers • 护士学校 nurses' school • 艺术学校 art school • 舞蹈学校 dancing school • 会计学校 accountant school财贸学校 finance and trade school • 水利学校 water conservancy school
英语学习专业英语讲义PPT课件
Being a precise quantitative theory, it does not use phrases such as those just given, but calculates for any question under study the numerical probability that it is true.
2、从句在说明主句时有三种可能位置-前、后、中
第13页/共17页
中间-嵌入句将主句分成两部分，造成阅读理解的困难。
This is not, of course, the case in human affairs, and the most that can be done is to seek for mathematical models which describe, however imperfectly as yet they are, the presumed behavior of the system or situation under investigation.
D: 缩略词 Laboratory: lab unidentified flying object: UFO Radio detection and ranging: radar Transistor 和receiver合成transceiver：收发机 Telecommunications satelite: TELESAT通信卫星 练习1：写出下列缩略词的中英文全称：PID、PLC、PLD、MOS、TTL、TS、
总结：
语法分析时：
1、找谓语，再找主语。汉语常略主语，而英语中是由主、谓
第14页/共17页
科技英语翻译技巧（translating skills of scientific and technical English)
2、从句在说明主句时有三种可能位置-前、后、中
第13页/共17页
中间-嵌入句将主句分成两部分，造成阅读理解的困难。
This is not, of course, the case in human affairs, and the most that can be done is to seek for mathematical models which describe, however imperfectly as yet they are, the presumed behavior of the system or situation under investigation.
D: 缩略词 Laboratory: lab unidentified flying object: UFO Radio detection and ranging: radar Transistor 和receiver合成transceiver：收发机 Telecommunications satelite: TELESAT通信卫星 练习1：写出下列缩略词的中英文全称：PID、PLC、PLD、MOS、TTL、TS、
总结：
语法分析时：
1、找谓语，再找主语。汉语常略主语，而英语中是由主、谓
第14页/共17页
科技英语翻译技巧（translating skills of scientific and technical English)
专业英语ppt
Ova, which are produced during oogenesis, are generated in gonial cells (oogonia) of the female's ovaries. Oocytes then enter a stage of arrest in early meiosis. At a species-specific later point, a final ripening (ovulation) and the first meiotic division occur. A second meiotic division, followed by development of the embryo, takes place if the egg is fertilized.
蛙卵母细胞作为卵母细胞发育的研究系统模型。 蛙卵母细胞作为卵母细胞发育的研究系统模型。 在成熟过程中，通过基因扩增产生大量的核糖体。 在成熟过程中，通过基因扩增产生大量的核糖体。 同时也产生和储备了大量的mRNAertilization: Initiating Development
Frog oocytes have served as model systems for studies of oocyte development. During maturation they produce huge numbers of ribosomes through gene amplification. Large quantities of mRNA may also be made and stored.
卵皮层阻止其他的精子进入，充当壁垒作用。 卵皮层阻止其他的精子进入，充当壁垒作用。开 始时，卵电位发生暂时变化，卵细胞被激活。 始时，卵电位发生暂时变化，卵细胞被激活。反应 最后阶段，受精卵的膜快速隆起， 最后阶段，受精卵的膜快速隆起，阻止更多精子进 入。
专业英语PPT(1)
专业英语PPT （1）一．TYPE OF TAXES（19 types of taxe,4 categories ）a. Category of taxes on goods and services. 商品劳务税类Value - Added Tax 增值税Consumption Tax 消费税Vehicle Acquisition Tax 车辆购置税Business Tax 营业税Customs Duty关税b. Category of income taxes. 所得税类Enterprise Income Tax企业所得税Individual Income Tax 个人所得税the Land Appreciation Tax 土地增值税c. Category of property taxes. 财产税House Property Tax房产税City and Township land Use Tax城镇土地使用税Farmland Occupation Tax耕地占用税Deed Tax契税Resource Tax资源税Vehicle and Vessel Tax车船税Vessel Tonnage Tax船舶吨税d. Other taxesStamp Tax印花税City Maintenance and Construction Tax城市维护建设税Tobacco Tax 烟叶税Fixed Asset Investment Orientation Regulation Tax固定资产投资方向调节税e. non-tax revenue （three items）:Educational Surcharge教育费附加Mining District Use Fee 矿区使用费Culture Construction Fee文化事业建设费f. the Social insurance fee 社会保险费basic pension养老金,basic medical insurance医疗保险,unemployment Insurance失业救济金work injury insurance工伤保险费二．. TAX LEGISLATION税收立法a. Laws 法律:the National People‘s Congress全国人民代表大会e.g. （1）the Individual Income Tax Law of the People‘s Republic ofChina; or formulated 《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》（2）the Tax Collection and Administration Law of the People ‘s Republic of China.《中华人民共和国税收征收管理法》b. Administrative regulations and rules行政法规:the State Council国务院e.g. （1）the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Tax Collection and Administration Law of the People‘s Republic of China《中华人民共和国税收征管法实施细则》（2）the Provisional Regulations of the People ‘s Republic of China on Value Added Tax.《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》c. Departmental rules部门规章:the Ministry of Finance财政部,the State Administration of Taxation国家税务总局the General Administration of Customs海关总署the Tariff and Classification Committee of the State Council 国务院关税和分类委员会e.g. the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisional Regulations of the People‘s Republic of China on Value Added Tax中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例实施细则》d. Local regulations and rules地方性法规:the People‘s Congress and its Standing Committee at provincial level省级人民代表大会及其常务委员会e. Autonomous regulations and single regulations自治条例和单行条例: the people's congress of the autonomous localities (including autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties)自治地方：包括自治区，自治县，自治镇f. Rules of the local governments地方政府规章:The people's governments at provincial level and the relatively large cities 省级人民政府和较大城市人民政府g. Procedures for legislation立法程序:（1）The formulation of laws, local regulations, autonomous regulations and single regulations shall follow four steps: legislation proposal, examination, voting and promulgation.法律、地方性法规，自治条例，单一规定的制定必须遵从以下四个程序：法律议案的提出，审议，表决，公布（2）The five steps for the formulation of administrative regulations and rules, departmental rules and local government rules are: planning, drafting, verification, decision and promulgation.行政法规、部门规章、地方政府规定的制定的5个步骤：立案，起草，审查，决定，公布三．FOREIGN TAXATIONValue Added Tax增值税Business Tax营业税Consumption Tax消费税Customs Duty关税Vehicle Acquisition Tax车辆购置税Stamp Tax印花税Enterprise Income Tax企业所得税Deed Tax,契税Individual Income Tax个人所得税Land Appreciation Tax土地增值税House Property Tax房产税City and Township Land Use Tax城镇土地使用税Farmland Occupation Tax耕地占用税Resource Tax资源税Vehicle and Vessel Tax车船税Vessel Tonnage Tax船舶吨税。
大学英语课程词汇讲解ppt课件
就在他离开聚会几秒钟后有人发现烟雾 顺着楼梯冒上来了。
10
Adj 现货交易的 立即支付的 a
11
Spotter 探子 Spotting 测定点位 Spottable 容易沾上污渍的 Spotless 无瑕疵的 无可挑剔的 纯洁的 Spotty 多斑点的 质量不一样的 Blind spot 盲点 盲区 In a spot 在困难中 处在困境中 On the spot 立刻 当场 在危险中 Put sb on the spot 是某人陷入尴尬 Hit the spot 是人满足 恰到好处
14Βιβλιοθήκη seal英[si:l]美[sil] n.密封; 印章; 海豹; 封条; v.密封; 盖章; 决定; 封上（信封）;
15
变化 形式
第三人称单数：seals 复数：seals 现在分词：sealing 过去式：sealed 过去分词：sealed
16
(1)Vt. 密封 封上信封
close envelope
布鲁克先生肯定遇到了点小麻烦。
5
5 N-COUNT
地点;处所
They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots...
他们在岛上最著名的几处旅游景点作了停留。
They all stood there staring, as if frozen to the spot.
21
（6）noun 印章
official Mark
印章；图章；玺；印记 The letter bore the president's seal.
信上盖有总统的印章。
Common seal 公章
22
（7）n. 确认 making
10
Adj 现货交易的 立即支付的 a
11
Spotter 探子 Spotting 测定点位 Spottable 容易沾上污渍的 Spotless 无瑕疵的 无可挑剔的 纯洁的 Spotty 多斑点的 质量不一样的 Blind spot 盲点 盲区 In a spot 在困难中 处在困境中 On the spot 立刻 当场 在危险中 Put sb on the spot 是某人陷入尴尬 Hit the spot 是人满足 恰到好处
14Βιβλιοθήκη seal英[si:l]美[sil] n.密封; 印章; 海豹; 封条; v.密封; 盖章; 决定; 封上（信封）;
15
变化 形式
第三人称单数：seals 复数：seals 现在分词：sealing 过去式：sealed 过去分词：sealed
16
(1)Vt. 密封 封上信封
close envelope
布鲁克先生肯定遇到了点小麻烦。
5
5 N-COUNT
地点;处所
They stayed at several of the island's top tourist spots...
他们在岛上最著名的几处旅游景点作了停留。
They all stood there staring, as if frozen to the spot.
21
（6）noun 印章
official Mark
印章；图章；玺；印记 The letter bore the president's seal.
信上盖有总统的印章。
Common seal 公章
22
（7）n. 确认 making
专业英语汇报ppt课件
2021/4/3
10
11
the workings of the mind.
2021/4/3
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the brain and the mind
• HOW DO WE MAKE BETTER USE OF OUR BRAIN? – Discover how the brain work?
2021/4/3
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the brain and the mind
2021/4/3
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Cerebral anatomical structure • The terminal brain is also called the brain • It's the highest part of the brain • It's the highest regulator of various life activities • telencephalon is located in the
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The division of the brain
The brain
brain Interbrain midbrain cerebral bridge medulla cerebellum
brain stem
3
the brain
• The average adult brain weight in China is 1375 grams for men and 1305 grams for women. Although there are obvious individual differences in human brain weight, we can not measure the merits and demerits of human race. Compared with the weight and structure of the animal brain, the development of the human brain is mainly characterized by the increase in the area of the cerebral cortex and the highly differentiated and closely constructed cells in the various layers of the cortex.
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Plant Pathology
Li Hongmei E-mail: lihm@
Mobile: 159 519 64113
Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University
There is a light at the end of the tunnel
snow mold of cereals 禾谷雪霉病 snow-cool damp condition 雪冷的湿度条件下 ear blight of cereals 禾谷穗疫病 conducive 导致的，有助于的 pustule 脓疱 latent period 潜伏期 epidemic 流行病 black stem rust 杆锈病 interval 间隔 striking 突出的，显著的 unventilated 不通风的， 空气不流畅的 dew 水珠，露水 potato blight 马铃薯晚疫病
powdery mildew of cereals 禾谷类作物白粉病 multiply 繁殖，增加 disease complex 病害复合体 build up 建立 colonization 定殖 reproduction 繁殖
5. Factors
propagules ( inoculum) 繁殖体 the quantity of initial inoculum 初侵染量 transient 短暂的 first infection 初侵染 further infection 再侵染 sclerotial inoculum 菌核接种 oilseed rape 油菜 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 油菜菌核病菌 stem rot 茎腐 sclerotia 菌核 balance 平衡 critical 批判的
1. General introduction
1. Disease and plant disease 2. Modes of nutrition of micro-organisms 3. Symptoms of disease 4. Koch’s postulates 5. Factors affecting disease development
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ( the cause of eyespot 眼点) 小麦基腐病菌
brown foot rot 褐色根腐病 Rhizoctonia cerealis 禾谷丝核菌 sharp eyespot 纹枯病、立枯病、尖眼点病 synergistically互相作用的，促进的 Septoria tritici 小麦叶枯病病菌 S. nodorum小麦颖枯病病菌
biotrophs 活体营养
damping–off 腐烂
necrotrophs死体营养 waterlogged浸水的
symptoms 症状
discolorations 变色
abnormal growth 畸形 rot 腐烂
pycnidia分生孢子器
physiological wilts 生理性萎焉
Nathan Gwira
There is a dim light at the other end of the tunnel The tunnel brightens more as I draw closer Fear, my worst enemy wants me to give up Hope my most valuable companion keeps me moving on Taking one step ahead is not easy but I shall overcome For I believe that all the suffering is not put to waste For there is a dim light at the other end of the tunnel
inoculation 接种 inoculum 接种物、接种体 复数： inocula ultra-violet light 紫外光 rain-splashed fungal spores 雨水飞溅传播的真
菌孢子 simulate 模仿 aphid 蚜虫
Eryte 科赫氏假设（ rule 法则） soft rot of potatoes 马铃薯软腐病 Erwinia carotovara subsp. carotovora 胡萝卜软腐菌胡
萝卜亚种 implicate 涉及 stem base rot of cereals 禾谷茎基腐病
哭的时候没人哄，我学会了坚强； 怕的时候没人陪，我学会了勇敢； 烦的时候没人问，我学会了承受； 累的时候没人可以依靠，我学会了自立......
就这样我找到了自己，原来我很优秀，更可贵的 是，世界上，我只有一个，只有一个我！
渐渐地，我成熟了，知道了人是被逼出来的！
You never know how strong you are until being strong is the only choice you have. ——当坚强成为你唯一的选择，你才知道自己可 以有多坚强。
Translations
mycoplasmas 支原体 substrate 基质或底物
saprophytes腐生物
parasites寄生物
symbiotic共生
sooty moulds煤污病,
obligate parasites专性寄生物
facultative parasites兼性寄生物
aggressive quality 侵袭力 soil-borne 土传 Gaeumannomyces graminis 禾顶囊壳 take-all of cereals 小麦全蚀病 eradicate 完全根除 negligible 可忽略的，去足轻重的 starve out 因饥饿而减少 humidity 湿度，潮湿 rainfall 下雨，雨量 inhibit 阻止，抑制 early-sown winter barley 早播冬大麦 frost 霜冻 subsequent infection 再侵染
Li Hongmei E-mail: lihm@
Mobile: 159 519 64113
Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural University
There is a light at the end of the tunnel
snow mold of cereals 禾谷雪霉病 snow-cool damp condition 雪冷的湿度条件下 ear blight of cereals 禾谷穗疫病 conducive 导致的，有助于的 pustule 脓疱 latent period 潜伏期 epidemic 流行病 black stem rust 杆锈病 interval 间隔 striking 突出的，显著的 unventilated 不通风的， 空气不流畅的 dew 水珠，露水 potato blight 马铃薯晚疫病
powdery mildew of cereals 禾谷类作物白粉病 multiply 繁殖，增加 disease complex 病害复合体 build up 建立 colonization 定殖 reproduction 繁殖
5. Factors
propagules ( inoculum) 繁殖体 the quantity of initial inoculum 初侵染量 transient 短暂的 first infection 初侵染 further infection 再侵染 sclerotial inoculum 菌核接种 oilseed rape 油菜 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum 油菜菌核病菌 stem rot 茎腐 sclerotia 菌核 balance 平衡 critical 批判的
1. General introduction
1. Disease and plant disease 2. Modes of nutrition of micro-organisms 3. Symptoms of disease 4. Koch’s postulates 5. Factors affecting disease development
Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides ( the cause of eyespot 眼点) 小麦基腐病菌
brown foot rot 褐色根腐病 Rhizoctonia cerealis 禾谷丝核菌 sharp eyespot 纹枯病、立枯病、尖眼点病 synergistically互相作用的，促进的 Septoria tritici 小麦叶枯病病菌 S. nodorum小麦颖枯病病菌
biotrophs 活体营养
damping–off 腐烂
necrotrophs死体营养 waterlogged浸水的
symptoms 症状
discolorations 变色
abnormal growth 畸形 rot 腐烂
pycnidia分生孢子器
physiological wilts 生理性萎焉
Nathan Gwira
There is a dim light at the other end of the tunnel The tunnel brightens more as I draw closer Fear, my worst enemy wants me to give up Hope my most valuable companion keeps me moving on Taking one step ahead is not easy but I shall overcome For I believe that all the suffering is not put to waste For there is a dim light at the other end of the tunnel
inoculation 接种 inoculum 接种物、接种体 复数： inocula ultra-violet light 紫外光 rain-splashed fungal spores 雨水飞溅传播的真
菌孢子 simulate 模仿 aphid 蚜虫
Eryte 科赫氏假设（ rule 法则） soft rot of potatoes 马铃薯软腐病 Erwinia carotovara subsp. carotovora 胡萝卜软腐菌胡
萝卜亚种 implicate 涉及 stem base rot of cereals 禾谷茎基腐病
哭的时候没人哄，我学会了坚强； 怕的时候没人陪，我学会了勇敢； 烦的时候没人问，我学会了承受； 累的时候没人可以依靠，我学会了自立......
就这样我找到了自己，原来我很优秀，更可贵的 是，世界上，我只有一个，只有一个我！
渐渐地，我成熟了，知道了人是被逼出来的！
You never know how strong you are until being strong is the only choice you have. ——当坚强成为你唯一的选择，你才知道自己可 以有多坚强。
Translations
mycoplasmas 支原体 substrate 基质或底物
saprophytes腐生物
parasites寄生物
symbiotic共生
sooty moulds煤污病,
obligate parasites专性寄生物
facultative parasites兼性寄生物
aggressive quality 侵袭力 soil-borne 土传 Gaeumannomyces graminis 禾顶囊壳 take-all of cereals 小麦全蚀病 eradicate 完全根除 negligible 可忽略的，去足轻重的 starve out 因饥饿而减少 humidity 湿度，潮湿 rainfall 下雨，雨量 inhibit 阻止，抑制 early-sown winter barley 早播冬大麦 frost 霜冻 subsequent infection 再侵染