必修四Unit2语法Grammar V-ing做主语和宾语

动词-ing形式作主语和宾语概念:动网-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式。

包括现在分词.动词-ing形式的时态和语态：语态主动语态被动语态时态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done动词-ing形式在句中的语法作用:动名词在句中作主语,宾语、表语和定语。

现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语和定语。

一、动词-ing形式作主语1. 动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。

Saying in one thing. and doing is another.说是一回事，而做是另一回事。

Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。

[名师点津](1)不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作。

To lie to her in wrong.对她撒谎不对。

(2)动名词作主语时，请请动词用单数。

Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old.对于老人来说爬山确实困难。

2.形式主语it代替动词-ing形式作主语。

用所给词的适当形式填空。

此类句式常见的有:It is a waste of time doing.. ... 做....是浪费时间的。

It is no good/ use doing.. .. 做.....是没用的。

It is worthwhile doing.. 做....是值得的。

It is useless doing. .. .. 做...没有用。

It is no fun doing.. 做...没有乐趣。

悔恨过去是没用的。

(2)It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter.同他争辩这件事真是浪费时间。

(3)It is a waste of time trying to persuade him to give up playing computer games.试图说服他放弃玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

Grammar 动词的—ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语:动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用:1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途,这时，一般是单个v。

—ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。

可以转换成“for + v。

-ing”短语修饰该名词。

这时的v.—ing是动名词。

e.g。

a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台a washing machine 洗衣机a swimming pool 游泳池a dancing hall 舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。

这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。

①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句.e.g。

a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse = a horse which is drinkinga moving story = a story which moves peoplea terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies peoplean inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。

常可转换成定语从句。

e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing。

Do you know the man standing / （who is standing ）at the door？The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor。

From small beginning come great things.九层之台，起于累土。

}she is an experienced one.? that c 2) Talking is easier than doing. 3) It's no use complaining.4) It's no good worrying about it. 5) It's worthwhile making the experiment. 6) Not being late is a good habit. 勾出V-ing 并归纳： V-ing 做主语，谓语动词用______数。

3),4),5)句中，it 是__________, 真正的主语是__________.否定形式为__________ 句型1. It+be +no use/ no good/ useless doing 做...是没有用的/没有好处的 句型2. It +be+ worthwhile/ a waste of time (in)doing 做....是值得的/浪费时间的 句型 3.There is/ was no point doing sth 做……是无意义的 有时态和语态的变化。

语态时态 主动语态被动语态一般式 doing完成式Having been done①动名词的一般式表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或者表示一种无时间性限制的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。

②完成式动名词的完成式表示动作或状态先于谓语动词的动作或状态。

练习：完成课本P13 exercise 2 V-ing 做宾语1) As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.2) Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.3) He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.4) Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. 勾出V-ing 并归纳：V-ing 既可作_______词的宾语，也可作_______词的宾语。

－ing 形式用作主语或宾语【教学内容】-ing形式用作主语和宾语【教学目标】熟练掌握并运用哪些动词后面接-ing形式，哪些接to do【教学重难点】-ing形式可以作主语和宾语，哪些动词后面接-ing形式，哪些接to do【课程导入】Eg:→Swimming is my favourite sport.(swimming,动词的-ing形式作主语）→I like swimming.(swimming,动词的-ing形式作宾语）►作主语●动词的-ing形式作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。

动词-ing形式作主语放在句首，谓语动词用单数。

Eg:①唱歌是我的爱好。

（sing）→Singing is my hobby.②空谈无济于事。

（talk）→Talking mends no holes.▼把-ing形式置于句尾时，常用it作形式主语，常用的的句型有：●It is/was a waste of time doing做……是浪费时间的●It is /was no good/use doing做……是没有用处的●It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing做……是不值得的●It is/was worth/worthwhile doing做……是值得的●There is no doing.......无法……Eg:①It is fun playing with children.和孩子们一起玩真有趣。

②It is no good waiting here.在此等待毫无用处。

③There is no joking about such matters.对这种事情开不得玩笑。

▼-ing的复合结构●-ing充当主语或宾语时，如果强调-ing的逻辑上的主语（不是句子中真正的主语，而是除了主句外，另外一个动作的发出者），就要用-ing的复合结构-ing的复合结构的构成：作主语时只能用名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+-ingEg:①My sister’s being ill made me worried.我姐姐生病了使我很担心。

Book4 Unit2 Working the land语法：v–ing 形式作主语和宾语Step1：Lead-in 寻规找矩：请找出下面句子中的v–ing form. 并说出分别充当什么成分。

1.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.2.As a young man ,he saw the great need for increasing the rice output.3.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the f ields.4.However, he doesn't care about being famous.5.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.6.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.7.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.8.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more. Step2：基本特征动名词v-ing1.动词-ing 形式不能单独作谓语, 但可以有自己的宾语和状语, 还有时态和语态的变化。

2.动词-ing 形式由动词加-ing 变化而成, 它同时具有名词和动词的特征, 在句中作主、宾等。

动词ing 形式作主语1.v-ing 置于句首。