Asunaprevir_630420-16-5_CoA_MedChemExpress

Endotoxin Removal Solution Catalog Number E4274Product DescriptionEndotoxins are lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major component of the Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, and are commonly found as contaminants in plasmid DNA preparations from E. coli. Endotoxins are large, negatively charged molecules that co-purify with DNA on ion exchange and size exclusion columns and in CsCl banding. Endotoxins are extremely potent stimulators of the mammalian immune system and are toxic to primary cells and to animals. The endotoxin toxicity is an obstacle to in vitro and in vivo transfection experiments.Non-ionic detergents, traditionally used for separation of integral membrane proteins,1 can be utilized for removal of endotoxins from DNA solutions by phase separation.2The solubility behavior of a detergent in a dilute, aqueous solution at physiological salt and pH conditions is strongly dependent upon the temperature of the solution. At low temperatures, the detergent forms a clear, micellar solution, but above the cloud point temperature, the micelles form larger, turbid aggregates and ultimately fuse to form a separate phase. The lower phase is detergent-enriched and the detergent-depleted upper phase contains detergent at a concentration slightly above the critical micellar concentration (CMC). Amphiphilic and hydrophobic molecules associated with the micelles of the detergent will aggregate within the detergent-enriched phase, while the soluble, hydrophilic molecules will remain in the detergent-depleted upper phase.Extraction of endotoxin contaminated DNA solutions with the appropriate non-ionic detergent will separate the hydrophilic DNA from the amphiphilic endotoxin. The amphiphilic endotoxin will associate with the lower phase, while the DNA will remain in the upper, detergent-depleted phase.2Reagents and equipment required, but not provided • Water, Molecular Biology Reagent, Catalog Number W4502• E-TOXATE® Water, Catalog Number 2107, or Tris-EDTA (TE) buffer 100×, Catalog NumberT9285• DNA solution (0.5 ml), ~ 1 mg/ml in E-TOXATE®Water or TE buffer• 3 M sodium acetate solution, pH 7.5.• 2-Propanol, Catalog Number I9516, or Ethanol, 190 proof, Catalog Number E7148; 200 proof, CatalogNumber E7023• 70% Ethanol• E-TOXATE®reagents Kits, Catalog Numbers 210A1, 210B1 or 210C1• Ice bucket• Heat block or incubator at 37 °C• Microcentrifuge at room temperature• 1.5 or 2 ml sterile microcentrifuge tubes• Endotoxin-free pipet tips (40-200 µl, 200-1000 µl) Precautions and DisclaimerThis product is for R&D use only, not for drug, household, or other uses. Please consult the Material Safety Data Sheet for information regarding hazards and safe handling practices.StorageStore at room temperature.Note: Removal of endotoxins from DNA preparations can be performed either during the final stage of DNApreparation, or during an earlier stage.Procedures for Endotoxin RemovalDuring the final stage of DNA preparationNote: The procedure described below was performed on plasmid DNA produced in E. coli DH5α cells.• Losses of up to 50% of the DNA are expected. • Use of a DNA concentration above therecommended 1 mg/ml reduces the efficiency ofthe procedure.1. Pipette 500 µl of the DNA solution into a sterilemicrocentrifuge tube.2. Add 50 µl of the 3 M sodium acetate solution to theDNA sample.3. Incubate on ice for 5 minutes.4. Add 100 µl of cold Endotoxin Removal Solution.5. Mix thoroughly and incubate on ice for 10 minutes.The solution should be light blue and clear.6. Incubate the tube at 37 °C for 20 to 30 minutes oruntil the phases separate.7. Spin for 5 minutes at 3000 x g in themicrocentrifuge. The upper phase is colorless and clear, while the lower phase is blue.8. Carefully transfer the upper phase containing theDNA to a clean microcentrifuge tube.9. Repeat steps 4 through 8 twice.10. Add 0.6× volume of 2-propanol. Mix by inversion atroom temperature and centrifuge at 15,000 x g for30 minutes at 4 °C. Alternatively, add2.5× volumes of ethanol. Incubate overnight at –20°C or 20 minutes at –70 °C and centrifuge at15,000 x g for 30 minutes at 4 °C.11. Carefully remove the supernatant12. Wash the DNA pellet twice with cold 70% ethanol.Remove the supernatant.13. Air-dry the pellet.14. Suspend the DNA in 100 µl of endotoxin free wateror TE buffer.15. Determine DNA concentration and endotoxin levelsusing endotoxin assay reagents and compare tothe starting material. During an earlier stage of DNA preparationThis procedure is based on the alkaline lysis of E. coli DH5α cells.3 The endotoxins are removed immediately after alkaline cell lysis, neutralization, and a clarification step. The resulting high salt solution is suitable for the endotoxin removal step. It is performed under “endotoxin free” conditions. The plasticware used is either sterile and disposable, or NaOH-treated. The buffers are prepared with endotoxin free water.1. Add the Endotoxin Removal Solution (0.2× volume)to the cold, crude DNA solution.2. Incubate on ice and mix occasionally by inversionto obtain a homogenous, clear blue solution3. Incubate at 37 °C for 20 to 30 minutes until thephase separation is obvious.4. Spin for 5 minutes at low speed (3000 x g) at roomtemperature.5. Transfer the upper aqueous phase to an endotoxinfree container.6. Proceed with the DNA purification by any method.Use endotoxin-free buffers and containers. References1. Bordier, C., J. Biol. Chem., 256, 1604-1607, (1981).2. Cotten, M. et al., Gene Therapy, 1, 239-246,(1994).3. Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning, a LaboratoryManual, 2nd Ed. p. 1.38RK,PHC 09/05-1Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see reverse side ofthe invoice or packing slip.。

第5节-消防措施
Flammable 易燃
❐Yes 是
❐No 否
If yes, under which conditions? 如果易燃，在什么条件下？
Means of Extinction 灭火方法
Flashpoint (°C) and Method 闪点（℃）和方法
Upper Flammable Limit (% by volume) 可燃上限（体积%）
Specific Engineering Controls (such as ventilation, enclosed process) 具体工程控制（如通风，封闭过程）
❐ OSHA PEL
❐ Other (specify)
其他（请注明）
Personal Protective Equipment
个人防护设备
Special Shipping Information 特别配送信息
PIN
TDG [IMO]
[DOT] [ICAO]
SECTION 15 — REGULATORY INFORMATION 第15节-法规信息
[WHMIS Classification] WHMIS 分类
[SERA]
[OSHA] [TSCA]
Autoignition Temperature (°C) 自然温度（℃）
Explosion Data — Sensitivity to Impact 爆炸数据-冲击敏感性
Hazardous Combustion Products 有害燃烧产物
[NFPA] 美国防火协会标准
SECTION 6 — ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES 第6节-泄露应急处理

1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE SUBSTANCE/TREPARATION AND THE COMPANY/UNDERTAKING3.HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION4. FIRST AID MEASURESMATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETProduct name:Supplier:Tel:EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: May cause skin irritation and/or dermatitisPrinciple routes of exposure: Inhalation: Ingestion: Skin contact: Eye contact:SkinMay cause irritation of respiratory tract May be harmful if swallowed May cause allergic skin reaction Avoid contact with eyesStatements of hazard MAY CAUSE ALLERGIC SKIN REACTION.Statements of Spill of Leak Label Eliminate all ignition sources. Absorb and/or contain spill with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite). Then place in appropriate container. For large spills, use water spray to disperse vapors, flush spill area. Prevent runoff from entering waterways or sewers.General advice:POSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSInhalation:Skin contact:Ingestion:Eye contact:Protection of first – aiders:Medical conditions aggravated by exposure: In the case of accident or if you fell unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible).Move to fresh air, call a physician immediately.Rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical adviceDo not induce vomiting without medical advice.In the case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.No information availableNone knownSuitable extinguishing media:Specific hazards:Special protective equipment for firefighters:Flash point:Autoignition temperature:NFPA rating Use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or “alcohol” foam Burning produces irritant fumes.As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent) and full protective gearNot determinedNot determinedNFPA Health: 1 NFPA Flammability: 1 NFPA Reactivity: 0Personal precautions: Environmental precautions: Methods for cleaning up: Use personal protective equipment.Prevent product from entering drains.Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposalStorage:7. HANDLING AND STORAGE5.FIRE-FIGHTING MEASURES6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESRoom temperature Handling:Safe handling advice: Incompatible products:Use only in area provided with appropriate exhaust ventilation.Wear personal protective equipment.Oxidising and spontaneously flammable productsEngineering measures: Respiratory protection: Skin and body protection:Eye protection: Hand protection: Hygiene measures:Ensure adequate ventilation.Breathing apparatus only if aerosol or dust is formed. Usual safety precautions while handling the product will provide adequate protection against this potential effect. Safety glasses with side-shieldsPVC or other plastic material glovesHandle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.Melting point/range: Boiling point/range: Density: Vapor pressure: Evaporation rate: Vapor density: Solubility (in water): Flash point:Autoignition temperature:No Data available at this time. No Data available at this time. No data available No data available No data available No data available No data available Not determined Not determinedStability: Stable under recommended storage conditions. Polymerization: None under normal processing.Hazardous decomposition products: Thermal decomposition can lead to release of irritating gases and vapours such as carbon oxides.Materials to avoid: Strong oxidising agents.10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATIONConditions to avoid: Exposure to air or moisture over prolonged periods.Product information Acute toxicityChronic toxicity:Local effects: Chronic exposure may cause nausea and vomiting, higher exposure causes unconsciousness.Symptoms of overexposure may be headache, dizziness, tiredness, nausea and vomiting.Specific effects:May include moderate to severe erythema (redness) and moderate edema (raised skin), nausea, vomiting,headache.Primary irritation: Carcingenic effects: Mutagenic effects: Reproductive toxicity:No data is available on the product itself. No data is available on the product itself. No data is available on the product itself. No data is available on the product itself.Mobility:Bioaccumulation: Ecotoxicity effects: Aquatic toxicity:No data available No data available No data availableMay cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSWaste from residues/unused products:Contaminated packaging:Waste disposal must be in accordance with appropriate Federal, State and local regulations. This product, if unaltered by use, may be disposed of treatment at a permitted facility or as advised by your local hazardous waste regulatory authority. Residue from fires extinguished with this material may be hazardous.Do not re-use empty containers.UN/Id No:Not regulated14. TRANSPORT INFFORMATIONDOTProper shipping name: Not regulatedTGD(Canada)WHMIS hazard class: Non - controlledIMDG/IMOIMDG – Hazard Classifications Not ApplicableIMO – labels:15. REGULATORY INFOTMATION International Inventories16. OTHER INFORMATIONPrepared by: Health & SafetyDisclaimer: The information and recommendations contained herein are based upon tests believed to be reliable.However, XABC does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness NOR SHALL ANY OF THIS INFORMATION CONSTITUTE A WARRANTY, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE SAFETY OF THE GOOD, THE MERCHANTABILITY OF THE GOODS, OR THE FITNESS OF THE FITNESS OF THE GOODS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Adjustment to conform to actual conditions of usage maybe required. XABC assumes no responsibility for results obtained or for incidental or consequential damages, including lost profits arising from the use of these data. No warranty against infringement of any patent, copyright or trademark is made or implied.End of safety data sheet。

三种方法检测和评价美洲商陆叶和果的急性毒性张鹏1，李煜1 ，尤育洲1 ，冯颖1 ，滕仁明1 ，马蕊1 ，高珊1 ，宁钧宇1，2 ，敬海明1 ，李国君1，2 ，谭壮生1 ，马玲1，2( 1．北京市预防医学研究中心北京市食物中毒诊断溯源技术重点实验室，北京100013;2．首都医科大学公共卫生学院，北京100069)摘要: 目的分别使用经典的小鼠急性经口毒性试验、体外细胞毒性试验及线虫毒性试验三种方法对美洲商陆叶子和果实进行急性毒性检测和评估。

方法小鼠急性经口毒性试验中，美洲商陆叶使用一次最大限量法，美洲商陆果使用霍恩氏法; 体外细胞毒性试验使用CHL( 中国仓鼠肺细胞) 中性红染色法; 线虫毒性试验采用96 孔板对同步化的秀丽隐杆线虫L4 期幼虫进行24 h 染毒。

结果小鼠急性经口毒性试验表明美洲商陆叶的小鼠经口最大耐受剂量( MTD) ≥20. 00 g/k g BW，为无毒级，而果的LD50 ＞10. 00 g/k g B W，为实际无毒，果的小鼠急性毒性大于叶的毒性; 在细胞毒性试验中，叶和果的I C50分别为7. 4 和5. 6 μg/m l; 在线虫毒性试验中，经215. 0 m g/m l 的美洲商陆叶染毒24 h 后，仍未出现死亡，而果的LC50 = 16. 5 m g/ ml。

结论经典小鼠和线虫染毒模型均显示果的毒性大于叶的毒性; 在细胞毒性试验中，虽然果的细胞毒性略大于叶的毒性，但差别比较微弱。

提示线虫模型比细胞模型更具有毒性预筛的潜在应用价值。

关键词: 美洲商陆; 急性毒性; 体外细胞毒性; 秀丽隐杆线虫; 细胞毒理学; 毒理学试验; 毒性中图分类号: Ｒ155; Q7; Q291文献标志码: A文章编号: 1004-8456(2014) 04-0332-05DO I: 10. 13590/j． cj fh．2014. 04. 007Using three methods to test and evaluate the fruit and l eaf's toxicity of Phytol acc a A mer i c ana L．ZHANG P eng，L I Yu，YOU Y u-zhou，F E NG Y i ng，T E NGＲen-m i ng，M A Ｒui，G A O S han，N I NG J un-y u，J I NG H ai-m i ng，L I G uo-j un，TA N Zhuang-sheng，M A L i ng( Beijing Center of Prevent i ve Medicine Ｒesearc h，B ei ji ng Key L aborat or y of D i agnost i c andTraceability Technologies for F ood P oisoni ng，Beijing 100013，Chi na)Abstract: O b j ect iv e The fruit and leaf's t o x i c i ty of P hyt o la cc a Am e r i c a n a L．w ere tested and eva l uated by ac ute o ra lt o x i c i ty test in m o us e，i n v i t r o cyt o t o x i c i ty t est and C．e l e g a ns t o x i c i ty test．Methods I n the exper i m ent of acute o ra lt o x i c i ty test in mouse，the max i m um lim it method w as used to test the leaf's t o x i c i ty and H o rn's method to test the fru i t'st o x i c i ty．I n v i t r o cyt o t o x i c i ty test was carr i ed out on CHL cells us i n g neutra l red uptake m eth o d． C．e l e g a ns t o x i c i ty test w as carr i ed out after 24 h expos ure us i n g96-we ll p l ates．Ｒes u l t s By acut e o ra l t o x i c i ty test in m o us e，i t was proved that the leaf was n o-t o x i c w i th the max i m um t o l erated dose no less than 20. 00 g/k g BW and the fruit w as act ually n o-t o x i c w i t h LD50 greater than10. 00 g/k g B W． The f ru i t's t o x i c i ty was greater than the l eaf's．I n the in v i tr o cyt o t o x i c i ty test，the l eaf and thefru i t's I C50were 7. 4 and 5. 6 μg/m l respect i ve l y．I n C．e l e g a ns ac ute t o x i c i ty test，the death of the nematodes w as n o tdetected at the dose of 215. 0 m g/m l after 24 h exposure to l eaf，whereas the I C50of fruit w as detected as 16. 5 μg/m l．Conclusion I t was i nd i cated that the P hyt o la cc a Am e r i c a n a L．f ru i t's t o x i c i ty wasgreater than the leaf's us i n g classic m o useand C．e l e g a ns expos ure m o de l．I n the in v i t r o cyt o t o x i c i ty m o de l，the fru i t's t o x i c i ty was a litt le h i g her than the leaf's w i thm i n o r d i ff erence．I t w as suggested that C．e l e g a ns m o de l had more practic al p o tent i a l than in v i tr o cyt o t o x i c i ty m o de l o nt o x i c i ty sc reen i n g．K e y w o r ds: P hyt o la cc a Am e r i c a n a L．;acute t o x i c i ty; in v i tr o cyt o t o x i c i ty; C．e l e g a ns; cell t o x i c o l og y; t o x i c o l og i ca l exper i ment; t o x i c i ty收稿日期: 2014-05-14基金项目: 国家自然科学基金( 81273108) ; 首都卫生发展科研专项( 首发2011-1013-03) ; 北京市卫生系统高层次卫生技术人才培养项目( 2011) ; 北京市优秀人才培养项目( 2013)作者简介: 张鹏男主管实验师研究方向为安全性毒理学评价E-ma il: zhangpeng@ bj cd c．org通讯作者: 谭壮生男副高级实验师研究方向为细胞毒理学和安全性毒理学评价E-ma il: tzs000@ a li yun．com马玲女高级实验师研究方向为毒理学和安全性毒理学评价E-ma il: ma li ng609@163．com三种方法检测和评价美洲商陆叶和果的急性毒性———张鹏，等 —333—美洲商 陆 ( P hyt o l a cc a Am e r i c a n a L ． ) 是 一 种 入侵植物，原产北美 洲。