化学工程课程英文翻译

Unit 20 Material Science and Chemical Engineering材料科学和化学工程几年以前，谁会想到一架飞机可以绕地球航行而中途不需要着陆或添加燃料？而在1986年新型的飞机航海者就做到了这一点。

航海者具备长途飞行能力的秘密就在于几年前还没有出现的先进的材料。

其机身大部分是由强度大、质量轻的聚合纤维用耐久的、高强度的粘合剂组装而成的。

而发动机润滑油是合成的多组分液体，可维持很长时间连续运转的润滑性。

这些特殊材料具有科学家和工程师们为满足现代社会的需求所发明的先进技术。

如运输、通讯、电子、能量转换这些工业的未来多依赖新的、先进的材料以及生产中所需要的加工技术。

近年来，在我们了解了如何把一些特殊的具有高性能的物质融入原材料并且怎样最好地在复杂设计中使用这些材料后，这方面已有了很大的发展。

材料科学和工程的革命为化学工程师带来了机会，也带来了挑战。

化学工程师凭借他们在化学、物理和数学方面的知识基础以及他们对传输现象、动力学、反应工程和过程设计的了解，能够创造性地解决现代材料技术中的问题。

但是他们一定要摈弃掉传统职业理念中“考虑大的”这个习惯，要有效地投入现代材料科学和工程中必须要学会“从小处思考”。

在制造现代先进材料时的关键现象是发生在分子级和微观的水平。

如果化学工程师要为这些新材料设计新产品和工艺就必须了解并且学会控制这些现象。

在下面选择介绍的几种材料领域里我们将叙述这种困难的挑战。

1．聚合物现代聚合物科学的时代属于化学工程师。

这些年来，聚合物化学家创造了大量的高分子和聚合物。

然而了解这些高分子是怎样被合成并加工以最大限度地具备理论性质仍然是研究的前沿领域。

一直到最近才开发了现代仪器帮助我们了解高分子之间、高分子与固体粒子、有机和无机纤维与其它界面之间的相互作用。

化学工程师正使用这些工具探索高分子的微型动力学现象，他们利用从这些技术中获得的知识，正在处理高分子间的反应以开发先进的工艺并制造新的材料。

化学工程与工艺英文全称是什么化学工程与工艺（Chemical Engineering and Technology）是一门涉及化学、物理、生物学及工程学等多学科的交叉学科，旨在研究化学过程、工艺及相关技术的应用。

化学工程与工艺的英文全称是“Chemical Engineering and Technology”。

化学工程与工艺主要研究化学反应的工艺条件、反应器设计、生产操作技术、原料与能源的选择与利用、产品分离与纯化等方面的内容。

它与化学工业密切相关，涵盖了化学品的生产、制造工艺的改进、新技术的开发以及环境保护等方面的问题。

在化学工程与工艺中，化学反应是一个核心的研究领域。

化学工程师和研究人员致力于研究不同类型的化学反应，包括物质的合成反应、催化反应、质量传递和热传递等。

他们研究如何通过控制反应条件、选择合适的催化剂以及提高反应器设计来最大程度地提高反应效率和产量。

在化学工程与工艺中，工艺设计和流程优化也是非常重要的研究方向。

化学工程师通过使用数学模型和计算机模拟工具来研究和改进化工生产过程。

他们考虑诸如原料选择、反应条件、设备设计、能源消耗、废物处理等因素，以提高生产效率、降低成本、减少废物排放。

化学工程与工艺还关注原材料的选择和能源的利用。

化工公司和研究机构致力于发展新的可再生能源和可持续的生产过程，以减少对有限资源的依赖。

他们研究可再生能源的利用方式以及如何最大程度地提高化工生产过程的能源效率。

另外，产品分离和纯化也是化学工程与工艺的一个重要领域。

化学工程师需要研究如何有效地从原始混合体系中分离出所需的产物。

他们使用各种分离技术，如蒸馏、结晶、萃取等，以及先进的膜分离技术和催化剂技术来实现产品的纯化。

总而言之，化学工程与工艺是一门综合性很强的学科，涉及化学、物理、生物学和工程学等多个领域。

它致力于研究化学反应的工艺条件、反应器设计、生产操作技术、原料与能源的选择与利用、产品分离与纯化等方面的问题。

Unit 10 What Is ChemicalEngineering?什么是化学工程学In a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical engineering refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical properties are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on chemical and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.广义来讲，工程学可以定义为对某种工业所用技术和设备的科学表达。

例如，机械工程学涉及的是制造机器的工业所用技术和设备。

它优先讨论的是机械力，这种作用力可以改变所加工对象的外表或物理性质而不改变其化学性质。

化学工程学包括原材料的化学过程，以更为复杂的化学和物理化学现象为基础。

Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.因此，化学工程学是工程学的一个分支，它涉及工业化化学过程中工厂和机器的设计、制造、和操作的研究。

Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making, commercial-scale chemical processes. The chemist works in test tubes and Parr bombs with very small quantities of reactants and products (e.g., 100 ml), usually running “batch”, constant-temperature experiments. Reactants are placed in a small container in a constant temperature bath. A catalyst is added and the reactions proceed with time. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to follow the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time progresses.化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。

化学家用少量的反应物在试管和派式氧弹中反应相应得到少量的生成物，所进行的通常是间歇性的恒温下的实验，反应物放在很小的置于恒温水槽的容器中，加点催化剂，反应继续进行，随时间推移，反应物被消耗，并有生成物产生，产物在合适的间歇时间获得。

化学课程英文名称对照表磁共振实验Magnetic Resonance Experiment磁共振在化学和生命科学中应用Application of Magnetic Resonance inChemistry and Life Science核磁共振波谱学Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy核磁共振新技术及其应用Movdern Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application角动量理论与原子结构Angular Momentum Theory & Atomic Structure聚合物改性原理与流变学The Principle of Modification and Theology of Polymer量子化学Quantum Chemistry量子化学计算方法Quantum Chemistry B谱学原理和应用Principles of Spectroscopes and TheirChemical Applications群论及其在量子化学中的应用Group Theory and Its Application to QuantumChemistry材料化学导论Introduction of Material Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry量子无机化学Quantum Inorganic Chemistry量子有机化学Quantum Organic Chemistry植物生长与发育的化学调整Chemical Adjustment of Plant's Growth分析化学Analysis Chemistry分析化学及实验Analytical Chemistry and Experiment分析化学实验Experiment of Analytical Chemistry计算机基础(C语言) Computer Basis C Language普通物理学General Physics无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in inorganic Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry仪器分析实验Experiments of Instrument Analysis有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机过渡金属化学Organotransition Metal ChemistryX射线晶体结构分析Crystal Structure Analysis by X-ray电分析化学实验Experiment in Electroanalytical Chemistry分子发光分析Molecular Luminescence Analysis分子发光分析进展Advances in Molecular Luminescence Analysis 高分子材料化学Polymer Chemistry高分子材料研究方法Research Methods of Polymeric Materials高分子合成与分子设计Polymeric Synthesis and Molecular Design 高分子化学实验Experiment of Polymeric Chemistry高分子物理实验Experiment of Polymer Physics化学分离法Chemical Method of Separation化学计量学Chemometrics化学统计力学和应用Statistical Mechanics and Applications in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Document化学文献Scientific Literature in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献Chemical Literature Searching金属有机高聚物Metallic Organic Polymer近代电分析Electroanalytical Chemistry近代分离分析Analytical Separation and Chromatography近代光分析Modern Light Analysis配位化学* Coordination Chemistry配位化学选读Selective Topics on Modern Coordination Chemistry无机材料化学The Chemistry of Inorganic Materials无机材料实验Experiment in Inorganic Materials无机材料物理Polymeric Materials Physics无机合成与研究方法Synthesis and Research Methods for Inorganic Substance无机物研究法Research Methods of Inorganic Substance 无机元素化学Inorganic Elements Chemistry物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物理有机化学Physical Organic Chemistry仪器分析选读Advanced Instrumentation in Chemistry有机分析Analysis and Structure Determination of Organic Compounds有机分析实验Organic Analytic Experiment有机合成Organic Synthesis有机合成化学Synthetic Organic Chemistry有机合成实验Organic Synthesis Experiment有机化学文献Document of Organic Chemistry专业英语(分析) Scientific English on Analytical Chemistry 专业英语(无机) Specialty English专业英语(有机) Subject English专业英语(物化) Chemistry English生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry材料工程导论Introduction of Materials Engineering 环境分析化学Environmental Analytical Chemistry 界面化学Surface Chemistry应用电化学Applied Electronic chemistry荧光分析法Flueremetry普通化学General Chemistry普通化学实验General Chemistry Experiments。

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化学专业课程中英文对照,已搜索,无重复! 普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and PhysicalChemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展Progress in Chemistry 化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis 环境化学Environmental Chemistry 环境监测Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry 化工装置常用词汇 1 一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置plant 公用工程utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品 by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识technical know-how 牋牋牋牋technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书bank guarantee letter 保留金 retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 work flow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划 procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度 construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序 project coordination procedure项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划 engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control 采购procurement 采购周期 procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验inspection 运输transportation 开车start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次version 部门 department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number 图号 drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章 chapter 节 section 项 item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET(技术表) technical data sheet TBA(技术评标) technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM (项目经理) project manager LDE(专业负责人lead discipline engineer MRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotation MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchase BEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering package P&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/A civil/structure/architecture DDP(详细设计阶段) detail design phase化工装置词汇二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature 操作operation 反应reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝 flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析 decantation 催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction 中和neutralization 水解hydrolysis 过滤filtration 干燥drying 还原reduction 氧化oxidation 氢化hydrogenation 分解decomposition 离解dissociation 合成synthetics 吸收absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮 suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching 破碎 crushing 煅烧 caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation 气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration固化,结晶 solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation 燃烧 combustion 引烧ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化 carbonization 压缩 compression 三,化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉 powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物 extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂 flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度 acidity 浓度 concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度 solubility 凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point 熔点melting point 蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbent(a) 无水的 anhydrous(a) 外观 appearance 无色的 colorless(a)透明的transparent(a) 半透明的translucent 密度density 比重specific gravity 催化剂catalyst 燃烧combustion 引燃ignition 自然点self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas 可燃液体inflammable liquid 易燃液体volatile liquid 爆炸混合物explosive mixture 爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液waste liquid 废气off-gas 噪声noise pollution 成分composition 挠度deflection 力和力矩force and moment 弯矩bending moment 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度 ambient temperature 工作温度operating 设计温度 design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity 油渣,淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity 四,化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵 plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵vortex pump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump 螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器 heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机 pulverizer 球磨机 ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器separator 干燥器drier 翅片fins 烟囱stack 火炬flare 筛子screen 煅烧窑calciner 倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger 吸附(收)器adsorber 结晶器crystallizer 电解槽electrolyzer 电除尘器electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器 clarifier 分级器 classifier 浮洗器 flocculator 废液池sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 成套设备 package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor 列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配(布)器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰 weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板 sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽 make-up tank 计量槽measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽 chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐 reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid 气柜gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱 compartment traydrier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier 气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机 jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机 roll crusher 锤式破碎机hammer crusher 冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机 roller mill 振动筛vibrating screen 回转筛 rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机 root's blower 起重机crane 桥式起重机 bridge crane 电动葫芦 motor hoist 发电机 generator 电动机 motor 汽轮机 steam turbine 五,管道工程 piping engineering 1 阀门 valve 阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环,密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀(角式截止阀)angle valve Y 型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式(薄片型)wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀 piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 翻板止回阀 flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀 safety[SV] 安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀steam trap 机械式疏水阀mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic) air vent valve 换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀non-rotary valve 2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管) tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管clad pipe 碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe 合金钢管alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀)bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀 root (primary, header) valve 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 壁厚 wall thickness[WT] 壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.] 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头short radius return 三通tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral Y 型三通 true"Y" 四通cross异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管 nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管"U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt welded[BW] 螺纹的 threaded[THD] 承插焊的 socket welded[SW] 法兰 flange[FLG] 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF] 对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF] 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰 reducing flange 压力级 pressure rating(class) 突面 raised face[RF] 凸面 male face 凹面 female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF] 3.管道特殊件 piping speciality 粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle 喷射器 ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器 compensator 软管接头 hose connection[HC] 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板rupture disk 4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.] 不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.] 铸铁 cast iron[C.I.] 铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasket[GSKT] 平垫片flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢I-beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表 bill of material[BOM] 材料统计material take-off[MTO] 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet 5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line 装置边界boundary limit[BL] 区界 area limit 设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plotplan 标高,立面 elevation[EL] 支撑点 point of support[POS] 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP] 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视 section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend符号 symbol 件号 part no1。

Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations， the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries。

Examples are alkali for soapmaking， bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking。

It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely， and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia。

化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a)无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n。

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Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业1.Origins of the Chemical IndustryAlthough the use of chemicals dates back to the ancient civilizations, the evolution of what we know as the modern chemical industry started much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。

Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学In a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical engineering refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical properties are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on chemical and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.广义来讲，工程学可以定义为对某种工业所用技术和设备的科学表达。

例如，机械工程学涉及的是制造机器的工业所用技术和设备。

它优先讨论的是机械力，这种作用力可以改变所加工对象的外表或物理性质而不改变其化学性质。

化学工程学包括原材料的化学过程，以更为复杂的化学和物理化学现象为基础。

Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.因此，化学工程学是工程学的一个分支，它涉及工业化化学过程中工厂和机器的设计、制造、和操作的研究。

Uniｔ1Ｃhemicａl Indｕsｔｒｙ化学工业1.Oｒigｉｎｓ oｆｔhe Cheｍiｃａl IndusｔryAｌｔhougｈｔhe usｅof cheｍicａls daｔes ｂａcｋtoｔhe ancient civilizaｔionｓ, the evoｌuｔioｎof whaｔｗe know as thｅmodern ｃhemical inｄusｔry stａrted much moｒe receｎtlｙ. It may ｂe consideｒed to have bｅgun dｕrｉng tｈe IndｕsｔrｉaｌRevoｌutｉｏn, abｏut 180０, and ｄeｖelｏｐeｄto ｐrｏｖide chemiｃalｓroe use by oｔｈer ｉnｄustries. Exａmples are ａlkaｌi for soapmakinｇ，bleacｈiｎg ｐoｗder for coｔton,and silｉca andｓｏｄium cａrbonate foｒｇｌassmaｋinｇ. It ｗill be notｅd thatｔhese arｅall inorganｉc chemicａls. Tｈｅｏrganic cheｍｉcals iｎdustry sｔarteｄin tｈe1860s wiｔh tｈｅexpｌoitationｏf ＷｉlliaｍＨenry Peｒkin’ｓdiscover ｙｉf thｅｆｉｒst synthetic dyesｔufｆ—maｕve. Ａt thｅsｔａrt ｏｆthe ｔｗen ｔietｈcentury the ｅｍpｈasis on research ｏn ｔｈe applied aspects of chemistry ｉn Germａny hａd paｉｄoｆf haｎｄsomely，aｎｄby １914had resulted in ｔｈe Ｇerman ｃhemicaｌiｎdｕstrｙｈavｉnｇ75% oｆthe worｌdｍarｋetｉｎcｈe ｍicａｌs．Thiｓｗas bａｓｅｄｏn the dｉsｃovｅryｏf new dyestuffs pｌus the devｅｌopment of ｂothｔhe conｔacｔprｏｃｅss foｒsｕlphｕrｉc acid and thｅHabｅrｐroｃess for ammonｉa.Thｅｌater requiｒed a mａｊoｒteｃｈnolｏｇｉcal breakｔhｒoｕgｈｔｈat of bｅｉng ａblｅto caｒｒy ouｔchemiｃａl rｅaｃtioｎs uｎder conditｉonｓｏf vｅrｙhiｇh preｓsure ｆoｒthe firsｔtｉｍe.The exｐerience ｇａined witｈtｈis was tｏｓｔaｎd Gｅｒmany iｎｇｏod stｅａｄ, parｔiculａrｌy ｗｉth the rａｐiｄｌy inｃreａｓｅd ｄｅｍaｎｄfｏr ｎitrogeｎ-based cｏｍpoundｓ(ammonｉｕm ｓalts foｒfｅrtilizers aｎｄnitric acid for eｘplosivｅs ｍanufaｃturｅ）with thｅoutｂrｅaｋof wｏrld wａrⅠin 1914. This ｉnitiated prｏｆound ｃhangeｓwｈich ｃontｉｎued durinｇthe inter-war yeａrs (19１8-19３９)．1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代,我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的)。

化学工程英语怎么说推荐文章渥太华用英语怎么说热度：文莱用英语怎么说热度：上学用英语怎么说热度：景点用英语怎么说热度：粗鲁用英语怎么说热度：研究化学工业和其他过程工业(process industry) 生产中所进行的化学过程和物理过程共同规律的一门工程学科。

那么，你知道化学工程的英语怎么说吗?化学工程的英文释义：chemicalengineeringchemical engineering化学工程的英文例句：我的专业是化学工程学。

My major is the subject of chemical engineering.主持人：他也是另一所大学化学工程,的硕士和工商管理硕士。

Host: He also receives MS of chemical engineering and MBA from anotheruniversity.1974年我得到了我的化学工程学位并且由于当时炼油企业提供了很多的职位，我的大部分同学都去了那里。

I got my degree in chemical engineering in 1974 and almost all my colleagueswent into the oil industry, because there were so many jobs there at that time.这个月上旬，在北京郊区举办的一个化学工程会议上，他论述了关于如何使中国重卡减排的方法。

Earlier this month, at a chemical engineering conference on the outskirts ofBeijing, he lectured about ways to reduce emissions from heavy trucks in China.如果你学的是化学工程，你会在化学和石油化工行业中进行选择。

If you are trained in chemical engineering, you will belooking to the chemical orpetrol chemical industry.结合细胞遗传工程和化学工程以创造器官和组织如：皮肤、骨头、心脏瓣膜和软骨关节的技术。