衡水学院毕业论文（设计）英文文献翻译学生姓名:马晓东系别:经济学与管理学系专业:国际经济与贸易专业年级:2009级学号:200941118241指导教师:张海燕衡水学院教务处印制原文The Export Trade in AutomobilesBy H.H.KELLY:<The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science> The romance of American business holds no more interesting chapter than that which deals with the rise of the automobile industry.And that industry has no more interesting or significant phase than its export trade.Two sets of figures furnish the background for a discussion of foreign trade in automotive products.Both refer to1923.There were in operation in the world that year 18,000,000passenger cars and motor trucks;15,000,000of this number were in the United States.The world production of these vehicles in the same year was about4,500,000;America produced4,087,000of them,and107,000more,if American cars and trucks assembled in foreign countries are counted.These are the brief statistics which show America's position in the automotive business of the world-83.4per cent of all vehicles in operation,and93.2 percent of the annual world production.Nineteen twenty-five will be the jubilee year of the industry in the United States.After less than a quarter century,the American automobile dominates the world.But twenty-five years are not a day;and the growth of the American automotive industry during that time has been logical and sound.The concentrated force of twenty-five years of successful effort is now behind it,pushing it outward into new fields and new markets-in a word,into export trade.RAPID GROWTH OF EXPORT TRADENo one knows just how large,or how small,were the foundations of this towering structure.In1895,perhaps300vehicles were produced in America;by1900,the number may have been5,000.Export trade was hardly thought of.For the first and last time,imports probably equaled exports,although the numbers were so negligible as to have left no impression upon the records.It was not until1910that either production or exports really began to merit attention,but in that year,187,000cars and trucks were built and8,500were shipped abroad-about4.5percent.The proportion at present is6per cent,exports having more than kept pace with the tremendous growth of the industry.From1910onward,production of cars and trucks grew by leaps and bounds;each year set a new record,only to be eclipsed by the next.The increase in production from209,000in1911to4,087,000in1923summarizes the amazing story.After1910,the exports grew in like measure-from15,800in1911to221,816in1923.The dollar-value of the industry and its exports in the single year of1923ran into enormous totals.The wholesale value of all motor vehicles and parts,including tires, produced that year was estimated at$2,800,000,000.The retail value was at least25percent more,or$3,500,000,000.The value of the exports was placed at$170,000,000for the United States,and$37,000,000for Canada.The magnitude of these figures is best seen in the fact that the United States shipments of automotive products stood third among all commodities exported,being exceeded only by unmanufactured cotton and refined mineral oils.Canadian exports,moreover,should be added to those from the United States,for they come from branch factories of companies organized in the United States,placed there to take advantage of tariff preferential in the British Empire.In comparative value of items,passenger cars form by far the largest portion of the exports;after them come trucks,then motorcycles,accessories,parts for assembly and replacement,and engines.One of the most interesting features in all this notable development is the increase in the number of cars and trucks assembled abroad.The products of some of these foreign-assembly plants,as they are known in the industry,may be only partially American,although they are built by subsidiaries of American companies and under American patents;they may use local materials in large measure,and they do,of course,employ workmen of the country in which they are located.One such plant in England advertises that80percent of its product is British-made.In practically all these assembly plants,however,the engine,the heart of the car,is a"Made in U. S.A."st year,foreign assembly plants turned out a total of107,000cars and trucks. One American company now has twelve such plants in operation in various foreign countries. As foreign markets improve this phase of the industry may be expected to take on an ever greater importance.FOREIGN MARKETSLeading national markets for our automotive products are a kaleidoscope of changing conditions.They differ according to the specific products which they prefer,and they move up and down in their positions from month to month.Sometimes their rise and fall can be assigned to certain known causes;at other times,their movements are apparently withoutreason at all.None the less,every export manager watches their fluctuations with keen interest and checks his foreign sales force accordingly.Australia is by far the best market for American passenger st year,25,817cars, valued at$20,000,000,were shipped to that market,and in the first six months of this year the shipments almost equaled those of all twelve in1923.Many Australian industries owe its origin and development to this growing flood of American vehicles.Builders of bodies for both cars and trucks,for instance,have found a prosperous business in equipping chasses,and they have been protected by an Australian tariff which imposes a high duty upon imported bodies.Tire-makers,too,and manufacturers of accessories and parts,base their operations upon the imports of American vehicles.Despite all this manufacturing activity,it is curious to note that no successful all-Australian car has yet made its appearance.After Australia in the table of national markets come Canada,the United Kingdom, Mexico,Sweden,Argentina,Spain,Cuba,and so on down a long list,with not a single country in the world,large or small,failing to receive some of our passenger cars.For trucks, the demand is not the same.Japan led in1923,and still is in first place so far in1924,largely by reason of large purchases following the earthquake.Exports of trucks to the Sunrise Kingdom last year numbered5,111,valued wholesale at$1,670,000.Second in the truck list stood Belgium,and then followed Australia,Sweden,Canada,Spain,the United Kingdom, and a list of others as long as that of the passenger car markets.The sudden rise to prominence of Japan as a buyer of American motor trucks is an example of the unexpected in export trade.In1922,Japan bought only1,001trucks and busses.Following close upon the heels of the earthquake in September of1923,which laid to the ground two of Japan's chief cities,came the first rush orders for trucks.Rail communication,both steam and trolley,was completely disorganized,and the island kingdom found emergency measures necessary transport goods and passengers in the devastated areas. The trucks came-1,800in a single month-mostly from America.Bus routes appeared,with passengers jolting uncomfortably in hastily-built bodies mounted on ordinary truck chasses; freight-lines of motor vehicles took the place of the railroads;taxi-lines boomed.Japan was motorized in a month,and a new and modern means of transportation was literally forced upon the country by its own dire need.The effects of that impetus to motor-transport in Japan will never be entirely lost.译文汽车出口贸易作者：H.H.KELLY来源：《美国政治与社会科学院年鉴》汽车产业的崛起是美国商业发展史上最具传奇色彩的篇章，而在汽车产业中意义最为重大的部分就是汽车的出口贸易。
