2020版英语大一轮复习讲义人教版(全国)话题晨背与阅读训练话题话题八 第二节

第一节话题背诵[第一组]1.accelerate v t.加速2.accessible adj. 易接近的；可得到的3.acquire v. 获得4.advantage n. 优点5.available adj. 可以利用的6.breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破7.challenge n.& v. 挑战8.click v. 点击9.convenience n. 方便10.debate n. 争论[第二组]11.demand v t.& n. 要求12.download v. 下载13.electronic adj. 电子的14.experiment n. 实验15.explore v t. 探索16.hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的17.intelligent adj. 智能的18.mobile adj. 移动的19.modern adj. 现代的work n. 网络[第三组]21.predict v. 预言；预测，预报22.process n.& v t. 过程，加工，处理23.provide v t. 提供24.replace v. 取代25.research n.& v. 研究，调查26.scientific adj. 科学的27.software n. 软件28.standard n. 标准adj. 标准的29.support v t.& n. 支持，赞助30.technology n. 技术[第一组]1.with the development of 随着……的发展2.modern technology 现代科技3.high-tech products 高科技产品4.make full use of 充分利用5.by this means 以这种方式6.make a new discovery 有新发现7.keep pace with 跟上8.do/work wonders 创造奇迹9.be addicted to 沉迷于……10.have a positive/negative effect 有正面/负面影响[第二组]11.carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验12.cover an event 报道事件13.new frontier 新领域14.surf the Internet 网上冲浪15.tablet personal computer 平板电脑16.the outer space 外层空间；外太空17.text message 手机短信18.virtual net 虚拟网19.weather satellite 气象卫星20.with the popularity of the Internet 随着网络的普及1.Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure，thus making it more and more popular with high school students.微博能给我们提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放压力的平台，因此使它越来越受中学生的欢迎。

(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．twin n．双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj. 成对的；成双的2．straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的3．arbitrary adj. 任意的4．medium n. 媒介；手段；工具5．fate n. 命运；天命6．cast v t. 扔；投；掷7．conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的8．constitution n. 宪法；章程9．compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的10．opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院11．chorus n. 合唱；合唱队12．loaf n. 一条(面包)13．flour n. 面粉14．impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响15．feather n. 羽毛16．turkey n. 火鸡17．hatch v. 孵出；孵卵；孵化18．moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．exact adj. 精确的；准确的2．obtain v t. 获得；赢得3．attain v t. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等) 4．forbid v t. 禁止；不准5．shortly ad v. 立刻；不久6．strike v. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工7．undertake v t. 着手；从事；承担8．breakthrough n. 突破9．altogether ad v. 总共；完全地10．vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的11．owe v t. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于12．initial adj. 最初的；开始的13．bother v t. 打扰v i. 操心n. 烦扰14．merely ad v. 仅；只；不过15．unable adj. 不能的；不会的16．drawback n．[纵联1]缺点；不利条件17．adore v t. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．differ v i.不同；相异→different adj.不同的→difference n．差异；不同2．identical adj.同一的；一模一样的→identity n．身份；同一性；一致3．commercial adj.商业的；贸易的→commerce n．商业；贸易4．complicated adj.复杂的；难懂的→complicate v t.使复杂化5．correction n．改正；纠正；修正→correct adj.正确的v．改正6．object v i.反对；不赞成→objection n．不赞成；反对；异议[纵联2]7．accumulate v．积累；聚积→accumulation n．积累；增加[纵联3]8．retire v i.退休；离开→retirement n．退休；引退9．assumption n．假定；设想→assume v t.假定；设想[纵联4]10．regulation n．规则；规章；法规→regulate v t.调节；管理11．popularity n．受人喜爱；流行→popular adj.流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的12．resist v t.抵抗；对抗→resistance n．抵抗；对抗→resistant adj.有抵抗力的；抵制的[纵联5] 13．decoration n．装饰；装修→decorate v．装饰；装修14．reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reason n．原因；道理纵联1.“动词＋副词”合成名词还挺多①drawback缺点②breakdown崩溃；故障③checkout付款处④feedback反馈⑤set-up计划；组织⑥break-up分手；中断⑦get-together 聚会⑧workout 锻炼纵联2.学会“反对”和“拒绝”①object v i. 反对②oppose v. 反对③against prep.反对④disagree v i. 不同意⑤reject v t.拒绝⑥refuse v. 拒绝⑦decline v. 婉拒纵联3.积少成多①accumulate v t.& v i. 积累②increase v t.& v i. 增长③enlarge v t.& v i. 扩大；放大④expand v t.& v i. 扩大；膨胀纵联4.动词变名词的不规则变化①assume→assumption 假定②describe→description 描述③explain→explanation 解释④pronounce→pronunciation 发音纵联5.以-sist结尾的动词你记住了吗？①resist抵抗②insist坚持③persist坚持④assist协助⑤consist由……组成单元话题——克隆子话题克隆技术①biotechnology n. 生物科技②transplant n．&v t. 移植③technological adj. 技术的④potential adj. 潜在的⑤innovation n. 科技创新⑥digital adj. 数字的；数码的⑦artificial adj. 人工的⑧intelligence n. 智能⑨high-tech adj. 高技术的；高科技的⑩device n. 装置；设备⑪appliance n. 器具；器械⑫gene n. 基因⑬beneficial adj. 有利的；有益的⑭advantage n. 优点；优势⑮disadvantage n. 缺点；劣势⑯advanced adj. 先进的[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1．(2018·天津高考阅读C)With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated❶chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for ❷(decorate) on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces”of food that are “exactly❸the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.①写出加彩在句中的词性和含义：adj.复杂的②用decorate的适当形式填空：decoration；常考短语be decorated with意为：用……装饰③exactly在句中为副词，意为：确切地，写出在本单元中的形容词：exact2．(2017·北京高考阅读C)The ❶(resist) to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow❷parents to get an exemption (豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object❸to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new ❹(regulate) for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.①用resist的适当形式填空：resistance②写出加彩词在本单元的反义词：forbid；联想一下，表示“禁止和禁令”的单词还有prohibit,_ban③object在此处为动词，意为：反对，名词形式为：objection④用regulate的适当形式填空：regulations高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)各国对餐桌礼仪的观点大相径庭。

Unit 2Non-verbal Communication 一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累occasionally ad v.adj.偶然的；偶consumption n．消changes consumptionurban residents.4.Thehim.Inquestion embarrassed.(embarrass) 5.My1.聚焦-ure结尾名词①gesture姿势②pleasure 快乐③failure 失败④exposure 暴露⑤mixture 混合⑥agriculture 农业；农学2．function同义词荟萃①work 工作；起作用②act起作用；见效③run 运行；运转④operate 工作；运转3．“联系”动词大集合①contact 联系；接触②relate 联系；使相关③connect 连接；联系④link 联系；连接⑤associate 使有联系4.盘点-ing结尾形容词①threatening胁迫的②embarrassing 尴尬的③amazing 吃惊的④thrilling 惊险的⑤amusing 引起乐趣的⑥entertaining 有趣的⑦delighting 高兴的⑧frightening 害怕的二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多⇩积得多(平时多输入，用时顺手出)1.sense 短语小结①make sense 有意义；讲得通 ②make sense of 弄懂；明白 ③sense of humor 幽默感 ④sense of responsibility 责任感 ⑤in a sense 在某种意义上2.“巧遇”短语荟萃 ①bump into 巧遇 ②come across 偶遇 ③meet with 偶然遇见 ④run into 偶然遇见 ⑤meet by chance 偶然见面 ⑥happen to meet 偶然遇见三、句式——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通这取决于他的文化或种族起源。

姓名，年级：时间：Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartment （公寓）.（2018·天津）2。

Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep(睡着的） before 11 pm.（2017·浙江) 3.The website provides students with information free of charge（收费).4.Medium color choices are generally furniture(家具） pieces such as sofas,dinner tables or bookshelves。

（2018·全国Ⅰ）5。

Now I have two children, and I’d like to think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised(抚养) me。

6。

At last, the strong young man removed（移走) the rock without effort.7.Another argument against television is that it replaces(替代) reading as a form of entertainment。

8。

After years of hard work，scientists hope to break through in their search(搜寻） for a cure for cancer。

第二节话题阅读(2017·北京，完形填空)HannahTaylorisaschoolgirlfromManitoba，Canada.Oneday，whenshewasfiveyearsold，shewaswalkingwithhermotherindowntownWinnipeg.Theysawaman 36 outofagarbagecan.Sheaske dhermotherwhyhedidthat，andhermothersaidthatthemanwashomelessandhungry.Hannahwasvery 37 .Shecouldn’tunderstand whysomepeoplehadtolivetheirliveswithoutshelterorenoughfood.Hannahstartedtothinkabouthowshec ould 38 ，but，ofcourse，thereisnotalotonefive-year-oldcandotosolve(解决) theproblemofhomelessness.Later，whenHannahattendedschool，shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman， 39 anoldshoppingtrolley(购物车) whichwaspiledwith 40 .Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahvery sad，andevenmore 41 todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople 4 2 theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatma dehersad，shewouldn’t 43 asbad.HannahbegantospeakoutaboutthehomelessnessinManitobaandtheninotherprovinces.Shehopedt o 44 hermessageofhopeandawareness.ShestartedtheLadybugFoundation，anorganizationaimingatgettingridofhomelessness.Shebeganto 45 “BigBosses”lunches，whereshewouldtrytopersuadelocalbusinessleadersto 46 tothecause.Shealsoorganizedafundraising(募捐) drivein“LadybugJars”tocollecteveryone’ssparechangeduring“MakeChange”month.Morerecently，thefoundationbegananother 47 calledNationalRedScarfDay—adaywhenpeopledonate20andwearredscarvesinsupportofCanada’s 48 andhomeless.ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah’sPlace”，somethingthatHannahisvery 49 of.Hannah’sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas，providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat 50 outdoorscanmeandeath.Inthemorethanfiveyearssi nceHannahbeganheractivities，shehasreceivedalotof 51 .Forexample，shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe 52 ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But 53 allt his，Hannahstillhasthe 54 lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl，exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga 55 intheworld.Youcan，too!36.A.jumping B.eatingC.cryingD.waving答案 B解析根据后面的“themanwashomelessandhungry”可知，那个人无家可归，并且很饿，所以他应该是从垃圾桶里找东西吃(eat)。

Unit 2 Cloning一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词——省时高效(二)练中记短语——记牢用活(三)仿写明句式——以用为本二、课堂重点深化1．object vi .反对；不赞成 n ．物体；目标 [自主体验] 单句语法填空①A majority of students objected to being_arranged (arrange) for extra lessons duringholidays and weekends.②As far as I'm concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.[系统归纳]易错处处防③Sometimes, some students object the idea that English classes are taught in English.object后加to④The villagers raised a objection to building a chemical plant beside the river.第一个a→an佳句时时写⑤(2018·江苏高考书面表达)停止盲目追随排名很有必要，对于排名我们要持客观态度。

It is necessary to stop following ratings blindly and we should hold_an_objective_attitude_towards_it.[名师指津]object表示“反对”时，为不及物动词，加宾语时需加介词to，而oppose表示“反对”时，为及物动词，可直接加宾语。

2．forbid vt.(forbade, forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准[自主体验]单句语法填空①It is high time that we forbade setting (set) off fireworks in urban areas!②You are forbidden to_leave (leave) the room unless you apologize for what you have done.[系统归纳]易错处处防③His own pride forbids to ask Arthur's help.to前加him佳句时时写④我认为禁止商店和超市提供免费的塑料购物袋是必要的。

第一节话题背诵[第一组]1.absent adj.缺席的，缺勤的2.access n. 通道；接近……的机会；使用……的权利v t.到达；使用；获取(计算机数据) accessible adj. 可到达的；可使用的；易接近的3.accustomed adj. 习惯的，惯常的4.activity n. 活动5.available adj. 可获得的；有空的6.celebrate v t. 庆祝celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝活动position n. 作文；作曲8.concentrate v. 聚精会神；集中(注意力)9.concept n. 概念10.confident adj. 自信的[第二组]11.crazy adj. 着迷的；疯狂的12.curious adj. 好奇的；奇特的13.debate v.&n. 辩论14.determination n. 决心15.discuss v. 讨论16.eager adj. 渴望的；热切的17.effect n. 效果；作用18.encourage v t. 鼓励encouragement n. 鼓励19.favourite adj. 喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人(或物)20.follow v. 跟随；听得懂[第三组]21.graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼22.memory n. 回忆；记忆23.observe v. 观察；监视；观测24.practical adj. 实际的；适用的practice n. 练习；实践25.praise n.&v t. 赞扬，表扬26.pressure n. 压迫；压力；压强27.pride n. 自豪，骄傲28.progress n. 进步29.refer v. 参考；查阅30.scholarship n. 奖学金[第一组]1.achievesuccess 获得成功2.askforleave 请假3.beabsentfrom 缺席……4.beabsorbed/buried/occupiedin 全神贯注于……5.beoccupiedwith 忙于；专心于6.bestrictwith 对……要求严格7.catchupwith 赶上8.cheatintheexam 考试作弊9.do/make/perform/carryoutanexperiment做实验10.dropout (of) 辍学；退学；不再参与[第二组]11.figureout 理解；明白；计算出12.goover 复习13.gothrough 浏览；翻阅14.graduatefrom 毕业于……15.haveagoodcommand/knowledgeof 精通……16.keep...inmind 记住……17.makeanefforttodosth. 努力去做某事18.makeit 通过；成功19.makeprogress 取得进步20.makeupone’smind 作出决定；下定决心[第三组]21.onschedule 按时22.participatein 参加23.payoff 取得成功24.putforward 提出25.referto 参考，查阅；提到，涉及；指的是26.sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力去做某事27.takeanactivepartin 积极参加28.takein 理解；吸收29.teamupwith 与……合作，与……协作30.turn/handin 上交1.Themore astudentisencouraged，theharder hewillworkathislessons.学生被鼓励得越多，他学习就会越努力。

第二节话题阅读(2018·北京，阅读理解D)PreparingCitiesforRobotCarsThepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist’sdream，yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well，thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforc ompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorr entoutself-drivingcars，andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California，itshouldbenoted，isn’panieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It’shard topredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes，thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities，forbetterorforworse，dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars (andrightfullyso)，policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams，cutemissions(排放) andoffermoreconvenient，affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesaree nvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars？Imagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong，slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork，entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride，whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletoc irclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleani ng，theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anun welcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车) services.AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecars worldwidewithelectric，self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftr ansportationinfrastructure(基础设施) andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices，consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewith thetechnology.Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesd oesn’textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtech nologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedto movemorepeople，andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.47.Accordingtotheauthor，attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan .A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomersC.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs答案 A解析细节理解题。