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UNIT 1 PASSAGES OF HUMAN GROWTH (I)1 A person‟s life at any given time incorporates both external and internal aspects. The external system is composed of our memberships in the culture: our job, social class, family and social roles, how we present ourselves to and participate in the world. The interior realm concerns the meanings this participation has for each of us. In what ways are our values, goals, and aspirations being invigorated or violated by our present life system? How many parts of our personality can we live out, and what parts are we suppressing? How do we feel about our way of living in the world at any given time?1．一个人在每一特定时期内的生活都是由外部生活和内心生活这两个方面结合而成的。
外部生活是指我们在文明社会中的实际生活（对文明社会中实际活动的参与），其中包括我们的工作、社会地位、家庭生活、（担当的）社会角色、我们如何向社会展现自己，以及如何参与到社会中去等。
内心生活是指我们所参与的种种外部活动对我们个人产生的影响。
例如，我们目前的生活体系是符合我们的价值观、目标和理想呢，还是与之相违背? 我们的个性能在多大程度上得到发挥，还是受到某种程度的压抑? 在每一特定时期，我们对自己的生活方式又有何种感受?2 The inner realm is where the crucial shifts in bedrock begin to throw a person off balance, signaling the necessity to change and move on to a new footing in the next stage of development. These crucial shifts occur throughout life, yet people consistently refuse to recognize that they possess an internal life system. Ask anyone who seems down, “Why are you feeling low?” Most will displace the inner message onto a marker event: “I‟ve been down since we moved, since I changed jobs, since my wife went back to graduate school and turned into a damn social worker in sackcloth,” and so on. Probably less than ten percent would say: “There is some unknown disturbance within me, and even though it‟s painful, I feel I have to stay with it and ride it out.” Even fewer people would be able to explain that the turbulence they feel may have no external cause. And yet it may not resolve itself for several years.2．正是在人的内心世界这个领域中，一些重大的和基本的转变开始使人失去自我平衡，这就意味着必须进行调整，以步人人生发展的下一个阶段。
\1.During each of these passages, how we feel about our way of living will undergosubtle changes in four areas of perception. One is the interior sense of self in relation to others.在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的看法要经历四个感知方面的微妙变化：第一，在内心中对自己和他人的看法；1. A second is the proportion of safeness to danger we feel in our lives. A thirdis our perception of time—do we have plenty of it,or are we beginning to feel that time is running out?第二，在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感；第三是我们对时间的认识，是感到来日方长，还是开始感到时日无多？st, there will be some shift at the gut level in our sense of alivenessor stagnation. These are the hazy sensations that compose the background tone of living and shape the decisions on which we take action.最后是对自己的精力和活力的直觉意识，是感到精力充沛，还是感到力不从心？这些都是在我们内心里产生的若明若暗的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，影响着我们采取行动前的种种决定。
1.The tasks of this passage are to locate ourselves in a peer group role ,asex role, an anticipated occupation,an ideology or world view. 人生这一阶段的任务是，在同龄人中，在性别角色中，在期望的职业中，以及在思想意识和世界观方面确立自己的位置。
（英语）九年级下册英语英语完形填空汇编试题(有答案和解析)含解析一、中考英语完形填空汇编1．完形填空A young man went to visit a wise man living deep in the mountain for the wisdom of life."Excuse me！Could you tell me which the most 1 day in our lives is? Is it the day when we were born or the day we 2 ?Is it the day when we fall in love or the day we succeed?" the young man asked." 3 .The most important day in our lives is today, "the wise man replied calmly." Why?" the young man felt more 4 ."Is it because there is a moving event taking place today?""No. Nothing has happened today.""Is it because of my visit?""No. Even if nobody visited me today, today is 5 very important because today is the only wealth we have. No matter how memorable yesterday was, it has gone by like a ship going down into the sea; no matter how bright tomorrow may be, it hasn't come; but no matter how common today is, it is 6 our control."The young man still wanted to ask something, while the wise man 7 him and said, "When we are talking about the meaning of today, we have 8 a lot of it."The young man nodded and then went down the mountain.Actually, today is the only 9 we have.So, what we should do now is 10 yesterday and tomorrow and catch fast today！1. A. important B. necessary C. comfortable2. A. miss B. die C. grow3. A. Nothing B. None C. No one4. A. awful B. pleased C. surprised5. A. yet B. already C. still6. A. for B. under C. on7. A. stopped B. refused C. encouraged8. A. treasured B. handed C. wasted9. A. excuse B. way C. chance10. A. forget B. remember C. call【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）B；（4）C；（5）C；（6）B；（7）A；（8）C；（9）C；（10）A；【解析】【分析】文章大意：一个年轻人为了知道生命中最重要的一天是哪一天，他去山中拜访一位智者，智者告诉他今天最重要。
UNIT 1There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.有两个因素决定一个人的智力。
综合英语二课后翻译unit 11. 我不喜欢上火车站给人送行。
(see...off)I don't like to see people off at the railway station.2. 公司星期一晚上为你举办告别晚会，七点半有车到旅馆来接你。
(pick up)The company is giving a farewell party for you on Monday evening. A car will come to your hotel to pick you up at half past seven.3. 她太激动了，情不自禁地热烈拥抱我。
(give...an embrace)She was so excited that she couldn't help giving me a warm embrace.4. 我从未摆脱局外人的感觉。
(out of place)I never quite succeed in overcoming the sense of being out of place.5. 她环视房间，想看看谁在那儿。
(glance)She glanced round the room to see who was there.6. 他的大鞋子看起来像只小船。
(look like)His big shoes look like small boats.7. 你应该把鸡蛋搅进面粉，而不是反过来做。
(fold into)You should fold the eggs into the flour instead of doing it in the opposite way.unit 21. 他认为他们之间的婚约只不过是个交易而已。
(no more than)1. He thinks that the marriage between them is no more thana business deal.2. 他把身上的钱花了个精光。
研究⽣英语核⼼教材—综合教程（下册）课后练习答案unit6-unit10Unit 6 Same Sex Marriage in the United StatesVocabularyI. Word Distinctions1. allege; charge两个词均有…指控?的意思：allege: 在没有证据或得到证据之前指控(To assert without or before proof): 课⽂中Baehr and her attorney sought their objectives ... by alleging exclusively violations of state law，所以州政府以failure to state a claim（未能提出充⾜的证据) 申请州法院将其起诉驳回。
charge: 掌握证据后正式起诉（make a formal accusation)。
选择以上适当的词填空：1）The former mayor will appear before the local court today ____ with taking bribes.2）His classmates ____ that he was cheating in the exam, but they failed to produce any solid proof.3）She?s been arrested after being____ with murdering her husband.4）The ____ murderer was proved innocent.charges alleged charged alleged2. affirms; confirm两个词均指…确认?affirm: to state something as true;confirm: to make an arrangement or meeting certain, often by telephone or writing选择以上适当的词填空：1）Six people have ____ that they will be attending and ten haven?t replied yet.2）The suspect ____ that he had been at home all evening.3）I?ve accepted the job over the phone, but I haven?t____ in writing yet.4）She ____ her intention to apply for the post.5）Flights should be ____ 48 hours before departure.confirmed affirmed confirmed affirmed confirmedII. Decide the meanings of the following words by matching each word in Column A with the word or expression in Column B that is similar in meaning.TranslationI．Put the following Chinese expressions into English.1) 有争议的问题provocative issues2) 社会和宗教传统societal and religious conventions3) 异族通婚interracial marriage4) 法律援助legal aid5) 家庭伴侣关系法domestic partnership laws6) 异性婚姻heterosexual marriage7) 违反法律violations of laws8) 单⽅婚姻⽆效singular marriage voidII．Put the following Chinesse sentences into English with the words or phrases in the brackets.1) 所有的战⼠都知道他们的秘密任务需要冒⼀定的风险。
综一下册课后翻译Lesson one一、用课文词组翻译。
1. I don’t kn ow how to break the news to him.我不知道该怎样告诉他这个消息.2. A fire broke out in a hospital last night, but no one was killed。
昨夜一家医院发生火灾，无人丧生。
3. The cinema was not as far away from here as you think。
电影院离这儿并没有你想像的那么远。
4。
After he had explained it to me in detail, I realized that I was wrong。
当他向我详细解释后，我开始意识到我错了。
5。
The house has belonged to the Gates family for over 100 years。
这栋房子归盖茨家庭所有已经一百多年了。
6. The football star broke away from his club and planned to join another.这位足球明星脱离了以前的倶乐部并计划加入另外一个倶乐部。
7. No one would be let in without a ticket。
无票者一律不得入内.8。
The president hoped that the two countries would improve their relations in the years to come。
总统希望在未来的岁月里两国关系将得到改善。
9。
We should look into the future instead of always living in the past。
我们应该向前看，不要总是生活在过去.10。
Everyone was greatly surprised at the news that he had died of heart disease.他死于心脏病的消息使大家非常吃惊。
当代研究生英语读写教程（上） A课文译文第一单元信息空间：出入随愿1 美国人的内心深处具有一种酷爱探索新领域的气质。
我们渴求宽敞的场地，我们喜欢探索，喜欢制定规章制度，却不愿去遵守。
在当今时代，却很难找到一块空间，可以供你任意驰骋，又不必担心影响你的邻居。
2 确实有这样一个空间，那就是信息空间。
这里原本是计算机迷的游戏天地，但如今只要想像得到的各类人群应有尽有，包括少年儿童、轻佻的单身汉、美籍匈牙利人、会计等。
问题是他们都能和睦相处吗?人们是否会因为害怕孩子们躲在卧室里看网上的淫秽图片而将它封杀?3 首先要解决的问题是，什么是信息空间。
我们可以抛开高速公路、前沿新领域等比喻，把信息空间看作一个巨大的房地产。
请记住，庄园是人们智慧的结晶，是合法的、人工营造的氛围，它建立在土地之上。
在房地产业中，公园和商业中心、红灯区与学校、教堂、政府机构与杂货店都能区分开来。
4 你可以用同样的方法把信息空间想像为一个巨大的、无边无际的虚拟房地产业。
其中有些房产为私人拥有并已租出，有些是公共场所；有的场所适合儿童出人，而有些地方人们最好避开。
遗憾的是，正是这些应该避开的地方使得人们心向神往。
这些地方教唆你如何制造炸弹、为你提供淫秽材料、告诉你如何窃取信用卡。
所有这些使信息空间听起来像是一个十分肮脏的地方。
正直的公民纷纷作出这样的结论：最好对它严加管理。
5 但是，在利用规章制度来反击下流之举之前，关键是从根本上理解信息空间的性质。
恶棍并不能在信息空间抢走毫无提防之心的儿童；信息空间也不像一台巨大的电视机，向不情愿的观众播放令人作呕的节目。
在信息空间这个房地产业中，用户对他们所去之处、所见所闻、所做所为都要作出选择，一切都出于自愿。
换句话说，信息空间是个出入自便的地方，实际上，信息空间里有很多可去之处。
人们不能盲目上网，必须带着具体的目标上网。
这意味着人们可以选择去哪个网址、看什么内容。
不错，规章制度应该在群体内得以实施，但这些规章制度必须由信息空间内各个群体自己来制定，而不是由法庭或华盛顿的政客们来制定。
UNIT 1There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. John's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.有两个因素决定一个人的智力。
首先是他出生时带的大脑排序。
人类的大脑彼此之间有很大不同，有的有比别人多的能力。
但不管他出生时有多好的大脑，个人将有低下的智力，除非他有学习的机会。
因此第二个因素是在他长大的环境中发生了什么。
如果一个人在环境方面有障碍，很可能他的大脑将无法发展，他将永远不会他能够达到的智力水平。
同卵双胞胎彼得和约翰的经历可以说明环境对于一个人智力发展的重要性。
当这对双胞胎三个月大，他们的父母去世了，他们分别被安置在不同的寄养家庭。
彼得被寄养在一个孤立的社区并且教育机会少，低智商的父母家中。
然而约翰，在生活富裕、上过大学的父母家中接受教育。
这种环境差异继续到这对双胞胎十几岁时，当测试他们的智力时。
约翰的I.Q.是125，高于普通人二十五点，比他的兄弟高出整整四十分。
UNIT 2Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in some interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a way to improve the power of the brain may soon be possible.Scientists have discovered that the brain can make its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substance which can act directly on the brain to change aspects of mental activity. Some may change or improve, for example, creativity,intelligence, imagination, and good memory.Chemicals found in the brain carry messages. In recent years scientists have found chemicals that affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mind. About 25 have been found so far.Today the role of chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour is creating much interest. Research seems to show that they may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illness. They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to conquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities of memory and learning already in the brain. They hold the secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may be a chemical way to create a better and more efficient brain.最近对人类大脑的研究报告中有一些有趣的发现：科学家认为一种改善大脑功能的方法可能很快成为可能。
科学家们发现大脑可以产生自己的药物。
大脑中含有一种蛋白物质，它可以直接作用于大脑以改变心理活动的各个方面。
有些可能会改变或改善，例如，创造力，智力，想象力和良好的记忆力。
在大脑中发现的化学物质携带着消息。
近年来科学家们已发现影响情绪，记忆和大脑活动的其它化学物质。
目前约25种已被发现。
今天，化学物质和蛋白质物质在人类行为的作用引起了人们很大的兴趣。
研究似乎表明，它们可能有助于控制失眠，疼痛，和精神病。
它们有一个巨大的能力来刺激大脑克服不足。
它们还提高记忆和大脑中应经存在的学习质量。
他们保持情绪和情感的秘密。
将来有一天，有可能会有一种化学方法来创造一个更好、更有效率的大脑。
Unit 3By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected peop le, and extrapolating form these samples to the entire bod y, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, maybe fe wer, isinfected with HIV. This is nowhere near enough for direct cell killing to account for the depletion in their numbers th at leads to AIDS.通过测试被感染者具有代表性的组织样本中HIV 的遗传材料，从这些样本推算整个身体，哈泽估计，最多1 ／2500，或许更少，感染了HIV。
这对于直接杀死细胞引起细胞大量消亡而导致艾滋病是远远不够的。
Haase says that his own work now shows that large n umbers of CD4 cell are becoming trapped in lymph tissue , and he believes that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. In common with a number of other researchers, he alsobelieves that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected CD4 c ells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell suicide,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a subject of res earch throughout the 1990s .哈泽说自己现在的工作表明，大量的CD4细胞被困在淋巴组织，而且他认为，艾滋病病毒会破坏新细胞的产生。
研究人员普遍认为，艾滋病毒可以通过触发细胞自毁或消亡，导致未受感染的CD4细胞减少。
在20世纪90年代这一过程曾是一个研究课题。
Taken together, these findings clearly suggest that H IV keeps the immune system in a state of constant activati on,and unbalances it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stopping the production of new cells, by triggering abnormally high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but significant number of cells directly. Their combined i mpact leaves the immune system depleted and unable to c ope with opportunistic infections.总之，这些研究结果清楚地表明，艾滋病病毒使免疫系统处于激活状态，不平衡的方式有四种：通过捕获成熟细胞，停止生产新的细胞，通过触发异常的高细胞凋亡率，直接杀死小但是数量大的细胞。
