中考英语中常考几组近义词辨析
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中考英语中常考几组近义词辨析一.on表示在一物体上，强调两物相接触，over也表示在一物体上，但强调覆盖这一物体。
试比较：①She put her coat on the bed. 她把大衣放在床上。
②She put her coat over the sleeping baby. 她把大衣盖在那正在睡觉的孩子身上。
③There’s a magazine lying open on the table.桌上有本杂志翻开着。
④There’s a cloth over the table. 桌上摊着一块台布。
⑤The woman lifted a big jar on her head. 那位妇女头上顶着一只大坛子。
⑥She put her hands over her face. 她用手遮住脸。
over表示“越过”某一高度，具有动态之意，on仅表示“处于……之上”，是静态。
试比较：⑦They dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders. 他们肩背绳索拖拽巨石。
(绳在肩膀两边弯下去，不用on。
)⑧To my h orror, I saw, over my father’s shoulder, a gorilla, the worst enemy of the soldier in Africa. 使我感到恐怖的是，从我父亲的肩膀上看过去，我发现非洲士兵最危险的敌人--------一只大猩猩。
(视线越过肩膀后，一直向前方延伸，不用on. )⑨The farmers walked to their fields with hoes on their shoulders. 农民们肩上扛着锄头，向田地走去。
(仅表示锄头所处的位置。
是静态，用on，不用over. )over和above都可以用来表示“高于”，相当于“higher than”。
例如：①The water came up over/above our knees. 水已涨至我们膝盖之上。
②Can you see the birds flying above/over the pear trees? 你看到那一片梨树上空飞翔的鸟吗？▲如果要表示“覆盖”或“越过”，则用over。
如：③There’s thick cloud over the so uth of England. 英格兰南部地区一片乌云。
④Electricity cables went over the fields. 电缆线越过田野。
(这句也可以用across)▲指数量时，我们一般用over(＝more than)表示“超过”，但如果指上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时，要用above。
试比较：⑤You have to be over 18 to see this film. 你得超过十八岁才能看这部电影。
(不用above)⑥The temperature is three degrees above zero. 温度在零上三度。
(不用over)⑦The mountain is over(＝more than)4,000 metres above (higher than) sealevel. 那座山海拔有四千多米高。
▲over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under。
above表示位置高于某人或某物。
但不一定是正上方，反义词是below.二.and◇“和”，连接两个名词，代词或两个形容词等语法作用相同的词语。
但否定句中用or。
但如果前后名词都用no修饰，则可以用and。
The air was so warm and bright.It has no feet or legs.It has no eyes and no ears.I have no sister or brother.◇“然后”。
用于连接两句有时间上先后的句子。
She washed the dishes and dried them.◇表示目的，意图。
用于go, come, stop, run, stay等动词后。
Come and have a drink.Go and buy one.◇“只要……就会……”“如果……那么……”，用于祈使句后，表示条件与结果的关系。
Knock on the door, and it will be opened.Come late again, and you’ll be fired.but◇但是，可是，而，却。
He is in poor health, but he still kept working.◇用在表示歉意的话后，引起一个分句，这个but通常不译成汉语。
Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the railway station?◇不与although/though (“虽然，尽管”)连用。
Though he is old, he works hard.He is old, but he works hard.◇作介词，表示“除了……之外”。
She did nothing but watch TV.or◇“一般疑问句+ or+被选择的部分”构成选择疑问句。
Do you like apples or pears?Would you like tea or coffee?◇“祈使句+or +陈述句”，表示“……，否则，……”Hurry up, or you will be late.Work hard, or you cannot pass this exam.◇“和”，否定句中代替and。
I don’t like bananas or pears.◇or 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的人称要与最后的那个主语保持一致。
Either you or he is right. 要么你要么他是对的。
◇or so 大约，左右I’ll be there in an hour or so.同步练习：Hurry up, _________ you’ll be late for school.Who’s the youngest, Rose, Helen ________ Betty?Work hard, ______ you will succeed.Excuse me, _______ could you tell me the way to the post office?I’ll see you either on Monday _______ on Tuesday.Put your coat on ______ you’ll be cold.I’m sorry, _______ could you repeat that, please?There is no one here ______me.She can do anything _______sing.The sky is blue ________ everything is beautiful.We were very tired _______ we were very happy.He never smokes ________ drinks.There is no air ______ water on the moon.Your classroom is clean _______ tidy.My house is small _______ lovely.Lucy worked hard at English ______ she came first in the English exam.It is hot today, ______ some boys are still playing basketball outside.People can’t live without air _____ water.The Summer Palace is large _______ beautiful.He looks tall and strong ______ he is afraid to go out at night.We had no water ______ food at that time.Hurry up! ______ we will be late!Come on! _______ you will win the match.Be careful! _______ you will hurt yourself!He usually goes to school by bus ______ by bike.江苏13城市中考试题汇编：( ) 1. We didn't enjoy the picnic _______ there was a sudden rain. (08连云港）if B. but C. because D. however( ) 2. Work hard, _____ you'll pass the English exam this time. (08扬州）or B. but C. because D. and( ) 3. He was sure his Dad would beat him, but his father didn't. ______, he picked up his crying son and kissed him. (08淮安)Therefore B. Indeed C. Instead D. ButKeys：1. or2. or3. and4. but5. or6. or7. but8. but9. but 10. and11. but 12. or 13. or 14. and 15. but 16. and 17. but 18. or 19. and 20. but21. or 22. Or 23. And 24. Or 25. or1. C2. D3. C三.have gone to和have been to的区别和用法来源：时间：2010-04-24作者：have gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
如：—Where is Jim？———吉姆在哪里？—He has gone to England．———他去英国了。
（尚未回来）Mr Wang isn't here．He has gone to Qingdao．王先生不在这里。
