合同英文单词

租赁责任（Lease Liability）是指企业在签订租赁协议后需要承担的责任和义务。

租赁责任通常涉及支付租金、维护和修理被租赁的资产、遵守租赁协议中的条款等。

租赁责任的英文解析可以通过以下几个方面来理解：1. Lease：租赁责任的英文单词“lease”表示租赁协议或合同。

在租赁责任中，“lease”是指确定租赁期限、租金和其他租赁条款的文件。

2. Liability：租赁责任的英文单词“liability”表示责任或义务。

在租赁责任中，“liability”是指企业在签订租赁协议后需要承担的各项责任和义务。

3. Recognition and Measurement：《租赁准则》规定了对租赁责任的确认和计量。

根据该准则，企业需根据租赁协议的条款确认和计量租赁责任，并将其列示在资产负债表中。

4. Lease Term：租赁责任的期限在租赁协议中明确规定，通常包括固定租赁期和可选的租赁期。

企业在确认和计量租赁责任时需考虑租赁期限对租金支出的影响。

5. Lease Payments：租赁责任通常涉及支付租金。

根据租赁准则的规定，企业需要将租赁协议中确定的租金支付计入租赁责任，并在每个会计期间确认为费用。

6. Right-of-Use Asset：租赁责任还涉及使用租赁资产。

租赁准则规定，企业在确认和计量租赁责任时需同时确认租赁资产，并将其列示在资产负债表中。

7. Lease Modification：如果在租赁期内发生租赁协议的修改，企业需要重新确认和计量租赁责任。

这包括确定修改后的租赁期限、租金和其他租赁条款，并据此调整租赁责任的确认和计量。

租赁责任在企业的财务报表中占据重要位置，对其进行准确的确认和计量是保证财务报表真实、准确、完整的重要保障。

理解租赁责任的英文解析对于财务人员和会计师具有重要意义。

8. Lease Liabilities and Interest Expense: When apany enters into a lease agreement, it incurs lease liabilities, which represent the present value of future lease payments. These liabilities are recognized on the balance sheet, and the interest expense is charged to the ie statement over the lease term.9. Discount Rate: The discount rate used to calculate the present value of lease liabilities is a crucial factor. It is typically the interest rate implicit in the lease, but if that rate cannot be readily determined,panies must use their incremental borrowingrate. The discount rate has a significant impact on the calculation of lease liabilities, as a higher discount rate results in lower liability value and vice versa.10. Sublease and Lease Modification: In some cases, lessees may enter into sublease agreements to partially or fully transfer the rights and obligations of the original lease to another party. When a sublease occurs, the original lessee must reassess the lease liability and adjust it accordingly. Additionally, any modifications to the lease terms, such as changes in lease payments or lease term extensions, will require reassessment and remeasurement of the lease liability.11. Presentation in Financial Statements: Lease liabilities are reported as a separate line item on the balance sheet, and the interest expense related to the lease liabilities is typically included in the ie statement. Companies should provide det本人led disclosures about their lease arrangements, including the nature of the leases, maturity analysis of future lease payments, and additional information to help users of the financial statements understand the impact of lease liabilities on thepany's financial position and performance.12. Impact of Lease Liabilities on Financial Ratios: The recognition of lease liabilities can have a significant impact on financial ratios and key performance indicators. For example, leverage ratios such as debt-to-equity and interest coverage ratios may be affected due to the inclusion of lease liabilities on the balance sheet. Investors and analysts need to consider the impact of lease liabilities when evaluating apany's financial strength andparing it to peers.13. Audit and Compliance Considerations: Given theplexity of lease accounting and the potential impact on financial statements, auditors play a critical role in ensuring thatpanies adhere to the relevant accounting standards and accurately report lease liabilities. They will assess the appropriateness of the discount rate, thepleteness of lease disclosures, and the proper recognition and measurement of lease liabilities in accordance with accounting principles.14. Transition to New Lease Accounting Standards: With the implementation of new lease accounting standards such as ASC 842 in the United States and IFRS 16 globally,panies have undergone significant changes in the way lease liabilities are recognized and measured. The transition to these newstandards has requiredpanies to reassess lease portfolios, adjust systems and processes, and enhance internal controls to meet the new reporting requirements.15. Considerations for Stakeholders: For stakeholders such as investors, creditors, and regulators, understanding lease liabilities is essential for evaluating apany's financial health and its ability to meet its payment obligations. They need to assess the impact of lease liabilities, lease duration, and cash flow implications to make informed decisions and predictions about thepany's performance and risk profile.In summary, lease liability, as a fundamental concept in lease accounting, has multifaceted implications for financial reporting, performance analysis, and decision-making. Understanding lease liabilities and their English interpretation is paramount for finance professionals, accountants, auditors, and stakeholders to ensure accurate and transparent financial reporting and informed decision-making.。

洽谈合同可能会用到的英语单词洽谈合同可能会用到的英语单词合同是当事人或当事双方之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。

依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

你知道哪些洽谈合同可能会用到的英语单词?下面，我们一起涨姿势。

1).party n.当事方Contract parties should know their rights and duties合同双方当事人应该知道彼此的权利和义务。

2).procedure n.手续The procedure for opening a bank account is actually very simple在银行办开户的手续实际上很简单。

3).negotiation n.协商Yesterday we had a negotiation about signing the contract.昨天就签订合同方面我们协商了一下。

4).draft v.起草I don't know when we can draft the contract.我不知道我们何时可以起草合同。

5).contract n.合同，合约;v.与……订立合约Now let's sign the contract现在让我们来签订这份合同。

6).article v.订契约I was articled to be a program designer in a network company我和一家网络公司订契约做程序设计员。

7).condition n.条件l have no interest in the conditions he raised我对他提出的条件不感兴趣。

8).amend v.修正The teacher told Bill that he needed to amend his composition.老师告诉比尔说他需要改一下他的作文。

9).regulation n.规则We must obey traffic regulations, or else we will be fined我们必须遵守交通规则，否则我们会被罚款的。

In the realm of sales contracts, there are numerous English words and phrases that are essential for clear communication and legal documentation. Below is a comprehensive list of vocabulary and phrases commonly used in sales contracts, categorized for easy reference:General Terms:1. Sales Contract - A legally binding agreement between a seller and a buyer for the sale of goods or services.2. Terms and Conditions - The specific provisions of a contract, including payment terms, delivery dates, and any other conditions.3. Agreement - A mutual understanding or contract between parties.4. Parties - The individuals or entities involved in the contract.5. Seller - The party selling the goods or services.6. Buyer - The party purchasing the goods or services.7. Product - The goods or services being sold.8. Contract Date - The date on which the contract is signed.9. Effective Date - The date from which the contract begins to take effect.10. Termination - The end of the contract, usually due to breach of terms or mutual agreement.Contractual Provisions:1. Subject to - Conditionally dependent on something else.2. Non-Cancellable - Unable to be canceled once agreed upon.3. Non-Disputable - Not subject to dispute or challenge.4. Confidentiality - Keeping information secret and not disclosed to others.5. Payment Terms - The conditions under which payment is to be made.6. Deposit - An initial payment made to secure a transaction.7. Balance - The remaining amount to be paid after the deposit.8. Payment Due - The date by which payment is due.9. Default - Failure to meet the terms of a contract.10. Breach - A violation of the terms of a contract.Delivery and Shipment:1. Delivery - The act of handing over goods to the buyer.2. Shipment - The process of sending goods from the seller to the buyer.3. Delivery Date - The date by which goods are to be delivered.4. Shipment Date - The date by which goods are to be shipped.5. Delivery Address - The location to which goods are to be delivered.6. Destination - The final location of the goods.7. Carrier - The company or individual responsible for transporting the goods.8. Freight - The cost of transporting goods.9. Duty - Taxes or customs fees imposed on imported goods.10. Customs - The government agency responsible for regulating and collecting taxes on imported goods.Warranties and Guarantees:1. Warranty - A guarantee of the quality, performance, or condition of goods.2. Guarantee - A promise to perform a specified act or to compensate fora failure to perform.3. Defective - Not meeting the required standards or specifications.4. Replacement - The act of providing a new or substitute item.5. Repair - The act of fixing or making good a defective item.6. Refund - The return of money paid.7. Service Life - The expected duration of use of a product.8. Performance Standards - The criteria by which the quality or effectiveness of a product is measured.Miscellaneous Terms:1. Counterparty - The other party to a transaction or agreement.2. Litigation - Legal action or proceedings.3. Mediation - A process in which a neutral third party helps parties reach an agreement.4. Arbitration - A dispute resolution process where an arbitrator makesa decision.5. Dispute Resolution - The process of resolving disagreements or conflicts.6. Intellectual Property - Legal rights protecting creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, and images used in commerce.7. Confidential Information - Information that is not publicly known and is intended to be kept secret.These words and phrases are integral to the creation and understandingof sales contracts, ensuring that all parties involved are clear on the terms of the agreement and the rights and obligations of each.。

英文合同常见条款表达方式1. 前言Preamble一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言( Preamble )、正文( Operative part )、附录( Schedule )及证明部分即结束词( Attestation )四大部分组成。

前言(Preamble )由Parties ^及Recitals ” 两部分组成。

“Parties ”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“ commencement ”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。

当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。

I. 以下为’Parties ”的常用表达方式：1. This Agreement is entered into by and between __ and ____ .本协议由以下双方_____ 和___ 签署。

2. This Agreement is entered into by and between __ (hereinafter referred to as ___ )and ___ (hereinafter referred to as " ____ "), whereby it is agreed as follows:本协议由以下双方_____ (以下简称_____ )和 ______ (以下简称___)签署，达成如下协议：注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：This Agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between ____ Co.(hereinafter referred to as the ’Party A ”) and ________ Co. (hereinafter referred to as the’Party B ”)based on equality and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:本协议由_____ （以下称为甲方）和以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：This Agreement is entered into between __________ (hereinafter referred to as "Company"),and ____ , (hereinafter referred to as "Employee") pursuant to paragraph VIII(2) of theEmployee Handbook, whereby it is agreed as follows:本“协议” —(以下简称“公司”与__________ (以下简称“雇员”根据“雇员手册”第Vlll(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：ll. 以下为标准的“ Parties ”条款：3. This Agreement is made and entered into this ___ t h day of ____ in the year of ____by and between _____ , a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of thelaws of ______ , with its principal place of business at ___________ (hereinafter referred to as “____ ”), and ___ , a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of thelaws of ______ , with its principal place of business at ___________ (hereinafter referred to as “____ ”), whereby it is agreed as follows:本合约由_____ ，在_____ 法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在 _____ (下称_____ ，与_____ ，在_____ 法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点______ (下称代理人) ，于______ 日签订和缔结，协议如下：lll. “Recitals ”由数个以"Whereas" 字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“ Whereas Clauses ”，表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。

英文合同常见条款表达方式1.前言Preamble一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Operative part）、附录（Schedule）及证明部分即结束词（Attestation）四大部分组成。

前言（Preamble）由“Parties”及“Recitals”两部分组成。

“Parties”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“commencement”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。

当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。

I. 以下为“Parties”的常用表达方式：1. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ and ____.本协议由以下双方____和___ 签署。

2. This Agreement is entered into by and between ____ (hereinafter referred to as____) and ____ (hereinafter referred to as "_____"), whereby it is agreed as follows:本协议由以下双方____（以下简称____）和_____（以下简称___）签署，达成如下协议：注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：This Agreement is entered into through friendly negotiations between _____ Co. (hereinafter referred to as the “Party A”) and _____ Co. (hereinafter referred to as the “Party B”) based on equality and mutual benefit to develop business on the terms and conditions set forth below:本协议由_____（以下称为甲方）和____（以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：This Agreement is entered into between _____ (hereinafter referred to as "Company"), and ______, (hereinafter referred to as "Employee") pursuant to paragraph VIII(2) of the Employee Handbook, whereby it is agreed as follows:本“协议”由_____（以下简称“公司”）与_____（以下简称“雇员”）根据“雇员手册”第VIII(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：II. 以下为标准的“Parties”条款：3. This Agreement is made and entered into this _____th day of _____ in the year of ____ by and between ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of ______, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), and ______, a company duly organized and existing under and by virtue of the laws of _____, with its principal place of business at _____ (hereinafter referred to as “_____”), whereby it is agreed as follows:本合约由______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____），与_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点______（下称代理人），于_____日签订和缔结，协议如下：III. “Recitals”由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“Whereas Clauses”），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。

英美合同法单词范文英美合同法单词按课本出现顺序 Promise 允诺 Remedy 救济Competent persons 有相应行为能力之当事人Enforceable 可（由法律）强制执行的 Agreement 协议 P1Parties to the contract 合同当事人 Offeror 要约人 Offer 要约Offeree 受要约人 Aeptance 承诺 Assurance 确诺Manifestation of intent 意思表示 Commitment 许诺Promisor 允诺人 Promisee 受允诺人 Beneficiary 受益人Consideration 约因 Benefit 利益 Detriment 损害 Advantage 利益Disadvantage 不利益Object of the contract 合同标的 Statute of Frauds 防止欺诈条例P2Formation 合同成立 Enforcement 强制执行 Performance 履行 Discharge 解除Bilateral contract 双务合同 Unilateral contract 单务合同A promise for a promise 以允诺换允诺A promise for an act 以允诺换行为 P3Inplete contract 不完全履行合同 Partial performance contract 部分履行合同Actual contract 真实合同 Express contract 明示合同 P4 Implied-in-fact contract 默示合同/事实默示的合同 P5Quasi-contract 准合同 / implied-in-law contract 法律默示的合同Meeting of minds 合意 Injustice 不公正Unjust eichment 不当得利Objective theory of contract 合同客观理论Intent 意图Resonably prudent person standard 合理慎重人的标准 In jest 开玩笑 In anger 生气In excitement 兴奋状态 Invalid 无效 P6 Formal contract 要式合同 Contacts under seal 盖印合同 Recognizance 具结Acknowledge 成认Negotiable instruments 可转让票据 Letters of credit 信用证 Invoice 发票；发货单 Bill of lading 提单Informal contract 非要式合同/simple contract 简单合同P8 Valid contract 有效合同 Void contract 无效合同Voidable contract 可撤销合同Unenforceable contract 不可强制执行的合同Contractual capacity 订约能力Nondisclosure agreement/NDA 保密协议Minors 未成年人Insane persons 精神病者 Intoxicated persons 酗酒人Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响 Fraud 欺诈 P9Cases involving mutual mistake 双方都有误解的合同Contract at will 任意合同 Excuted contract/performedcontract/pleted contract 已履行/已完成的合同Excutory contract 待执行合同 P10Sources of contract law 合同法的渊源 Common law 普通法/judge-made law 法官造法General principle 一般法律原那么The Uniform Commercial Code/UCC 统一商法典National Conference of Commission on Uniform State Law 美国统一州级法律委员会全国大会 Draft 起草（法律） Merchant 商人P11Restatement of the law, Second：Contracts 法律整编第二版：合同法 The American Law Institute 美国法学会The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods/CISG 联合国国际货物买卖销售合同公约Firm offer rule 实盘规那么（不可撤销要约规那么）Mailbox rule 发信主义 Battle of forms 格式之争 Mirror image rule 镜像规那么 P12Jurisprudential foundation 法理学根底Legal realism 法律现实主义 Open-ended standard 开口标准Formalities 形式 Make whole 填平Electronic Signature Act 电子签章法 P13Electronic sound 电子声音 Electronic symbol 电子符号Electronic process 电子程序 Preserve 保存 In writing 书面Laissez-faire 放任政策Freedom of contract 合同自由 P14Classical law of contracts 古典合同法理论Objective rules 客观规那么 Certainty 确定性Predictability 可预见性Chain of distribution for goods 物流链 Form contract 标准合同Automobile contract 汽车买卖合同 Mortgage contract 抵押合同Sale contracts for consumer goods 消费品买卖合同Legal theories 法律原理/理论 Oppressive 强制性Decisional law 判例法Small-town virtue 小城道德标准 Interest of business 商业的利益 Rural context 农村环境 Urban context 城市环境 P15 Defenses to the enforcement of a contract 对合同履行的抗辩Trade usage 行业惯例Specific performance 强制履行 Expectation interest 预期利益 Reliance interest 信赖利益Substitute performance 替代履行 Restitution 恢复原状Genuineness of assent 同意的真实性 Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响 Fraud 欺诈 P16Writing and form 书面和形式问题 Equity 衡平Court of mon law 普通法院Chancery court/court of equity 衡平法院Fairness 公平Moral rights道德权利 Natural law 自然法Doctrine of equity 衡平准那么 P17Lawyers 法律人 Case law 判例法Public policy 社会公共政策 P19Novation （合同）更新 Liquidated damages 违约金Covenant of good faith 善意条款 P20Mutual assent 双方同意A reasonably prudent person 合理慎重人 P21 Offeror 要约人 Offeree 受要约人 Promise 承诺 Aept 承诺Invitation to negotiate 要约邀请/谈判邀请Form letter 格式信函 Quote 报价Promissory estoppel 允诺禁反言；不得自食其言 P22Standard of offer 判断要约的标准 A reasonable person 合理人标准 P31Prevail 优先 P33 Terms of offer 要约的条件P38Open terms 开放条款Gap-filling rule 空隙填补规那么 Time of performance 履行时间 P40Quantum meruit 按劳付酬；按合理价格支付；质量价值Quasi contract 准合同 P43 Communication of offer 要约的传达 Supported by consideration 有约因支持的Option 选择权Irrevocable 不可撤销的Firm offers 不可撤销的要约/实盘要约 P47Offers in auction 拍卖的要约Auction without reserve 无保存的拍卖Auction wiht reserve 有保存的拍卖 Collateral contract 附随合同；附属契约 P50Auction in electronic merce 电子商务拍卖 P53Termination of offer 要约的终止 P54Lapse of time 逾时；期满失效 P55Revocation of offer 要约的撤回 P56Offeree’s refusal of offer 受要约人回绝要约Counter-offer 反要约Mirror aeptance 镜像规那么 P62Option 选择权 P64 Termination by law P65Terms and conditions 条款和条件 Counter-offer 反要约Mirror aeptance rule 镜像承诺规那么 P68Cross offers 穿插要约 P71Indefiniteness 缺乏确定性；不确定性 P72Meeting of minds 达成合意Entry-into-force time of aeptance 承诺的生效时间Aeptance-upon-dispatch rule/mailbox rule 承诺发出主义/投邮主义 P73Quiet title to the land 确认土地所有权 P74Option contract 选择权合同 P75 Promise 允诺Performance 履行 P77 General contractor 总承包商Subcontractor 次承包商 P82 Malpractice 玩忽职守；不当执业P86Implied-in-fact contract 事实默示的合同 P87Good faith 诚信原那么Reasonableness 合理性原那么 P93Commercial reasonableness 商业合理性 P94Unconscionability不正当；显失公平；不受良心控制Liquidated damage clause 预定损害赔偿条款Battle of the forms 格式信函之战 P95Gap-filling rule 空隙填补规那么 Merchantability 适售性P96Proposals for addition to the contract 对合同的补充建议P97 Different terms 不同条款 Additional terms 额外条款Merchants 商人Non-merchants 非商人Materially alter 实质性变更 Complaint 抱怨 Warranty 担保Merchantability 适售性 Fitness 合目的性 P98Impacts of E-merce and web-laws on the forms 电子商务与网络法对格式合同的影响Shrink wrap license 拆封许可 P102Public policy 公共政策 P103 An enforceable contract 有强制力的合同Consideration 约因Inducement/incentives 诱因 Detriment 损害Impelling influence 强有力的影响因素Bargaining 讨价还价Legal detriment or disadvantage 法律上的损失或不利益Quid pro quo 对价 Gift 赠与 P112Contract in signed writing 经签署的书面合同Supported by consideration 已受约因支持Contract under seal 盖印合同 Forbearance 忍耐/克制 P115 Sufficient consideration 充分的约因 Gift promise 赠与的允诺P116Nominal consideration 名义上的约因Shocks the conscience of the court 震惊法庭的良心Adequacy of consideration 约因的适当性 P123Sufficiency of consideration 约因的充分性Nominal 有名无实的；名义上的 Equity 衡平法 P124Forbearance from suit 容忍不诉 Past consideration 过去的约因 Moral obligation 道德义务 P125 Quantum meruit 所提供效劳之实际价值Good consideration 有效的约因 P126Moral consideration 道德约因 Legal consideration 法律约因 P131Pre-existing duty 既存的义务 P132Modification of contract 合同的修改 P135Sales contract 买卖合同 Termination 终止（合同）Rescission 解除（合同） Unforeseen and unanticipated circumstances 无法预料、不曾预见之情况Estoppel 禁反言 Waiver 弃权 P137Executory contract 待履行合同Compromising an existing claim 既存请求权的妥协Bona fide dispute “真实的”或“善意的争议” P139 Aord 新债清偿合同 Satisfaction 满足Aord and satisfaction 新债清偿合同与满足 P140Illusory promise 虚假允诺Mutuality of obligation 义务相互性 P144Output contract 产量合同Requirement contract 需求合同 P148Stale claims 逾时失效的请求权 The statue of limitations 诉讼时效 Discharge in bankruptcy 破产免责 New consideration 新约因 P150 Forbearance from suit 隐忍不诉Abstention from legal conduct 合法行为的节制Detriment 利益损失 P152 A bona fide suit 善意诉讼Sufficient consideration 充分的约因 P153Aleatory promise 不确定/偶然性的承诺Promissory estoppel 允诺性禁反言 P158Injustice 不公正 Remedies 救济Unjust eichment 不当得利 P159Parol evidence rule 口头证据法那么 Terms and conditions 条款和条件 Parol 口头的 In writing 书面的Extrinsic evidence 外在证据 P174Integration 整合Final and plete 最终且完整的 Partial integration 部分整合Final but not plete 最终但不完全 Prior writings andoral agreement 事前的书面和口头协议Contemporaneous writing 同时书面 Subsequent agreements 事后协议 No oral modification clause 制止头变更条款 P175 Reliability of writings 书面的可靠性 A principle of substance 实体法律原那么 P176Procedural substantive 程序的实体性 Diversity jurisdiction 区分管辖权 P177Final and plete writings 最终且完整的书面The statute of frauds 防止欺诈条例 Memorandum 备忘录P197 Partial integrated 部分整合 Total integrated 完全整合Additional prior non-contradictory parol terms 协议订立前的非抵触性的其他口头条件Informality 不标准；非正式Completely integrated writing 完全整合的书面Fully integrated/pleted 完全整合的Form approach 形式的方法 P198 The face of the contract 合同的外表 Extrinsic evidence 外来证据 Intrinsic evidence 内在证据 Merger clause 归并条款Verbal understandings 口头谅解书 P199Implied terms （合同的）默示条款 Separate consideration 独立的约因 Separate agreement 分别的协议 P202Substituting or contradicting terms 替代或变更原有条款Express language 明示语言 P220 Extra or additional terms 额外或附属条款Side or collateral agreement 额外或附属协议Merger clause 归并条款Separate consideration 独立的约因 P221Ambiguity/ambiguities 含混不清之处 Latent 隐性的/ 潜在的 Patent 显性的 P222Terms based on custom 依据惯例确立的合同条款Course of dealing 交易过程Custom and usage of the trade 行业惯例Prior negotiations 订约前协商Antecedent understanding 签约前协英美法与大陆法在对合同的理解上走了完全不同的两条路，在大陆法下，合同作为债的原因而存在，基于这一理念,或者说是基于这一理论抽象，大陆法的民法体系将合同与侵权、无因管理、不当得利等沟通起来；而在英美法里，合同只是有法律强制力的当事人之间互有联系的承诺而已。

英语terms的中文是什么意思英语terms的中文是什么意思单词terms的用法是很重要的，而它的中文意思也是同等重要的。

以下是店铺为大家整理了英文单词terms的几种中文意思，一起来看看吧!terms的中文意思英 [tɜ:mz] 美 [tɜ:rmz]原级：term现在分词：terming过去式：termed基本解释名词条件; 表达方式; 措辞; 说法; 任期( term的名词复数 ); (学校的)学期; [复数](合同、付款、价格等的)条件; 时期相关例句1. The terms of the expression Emptor familiae demand notice.所谓家产买主这个名词，须要注意。

2. In spite of the extraordinary progress made in science and technology, problems rema in in terms of guaranteeing that achievements benefit the greatest number of people.尽管科学技术取得了非凡的进步，但是在保证进步成果使尽可能多的人受益这方面还存在一些问题。

3. In circumstances 1 and 4, there is no choice in terms of scheduling.在第一种和第四种情况下没有调度方面的选择。

terms的`单语例句1. But they also noted that more is needed to be done in terms of business promotion to guarantee an early recovery.2. Both Wang and Xiao Nan Guo started to grow in terms of business operations and market competition skills.3. The sources pointed out that private business haswitnessed vigorous growth in recent years, especially in terms of export volume.4. Alibaba Group has been negotiating with Yahoo to buy back its stake but those talks have stalled over the terms.5. He said Ping An's purchase of a stake in Fortis is a good deal in terms of business structure and price.6. Shih might get it right in terms of direction, but his two prescriptions have taken the writer by surprise.7. Retail sales increased by 17 percent in real terms, pushing up the country's gross domestic product growth by 4 percentage points.8. By the numbers, the overall economy has done well during Greenspan's terms.9. " The terms of the Cairo Declaration shall be carried out, " the proclamation said.terms的情景对话商务英语A：Good morning, Mr. Smith. I brought the contract you are been looking for.Please go over the draft of the contract.上午好，斯密司先生。

c相关的英文单词cadre：n.干部；基础结构cage：n.笼cake：n.蛋糕calcium：n.钙（化学符号Ca）calculate：vt./vi.计算，核算；估计；计划，打算calculation：n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑calculator：n.计算者；计算器California：加利福尼亚（美国州名）call：v.呼叫call up：打电话；使想起，使忆起calm：a.平静的；镇静的n.平静calory：n.（或calorie）卡路里，卡（热量单位）Cambridge：剑桥；剑桥大学camera：n.照相机，摄影机camp：v.露营campaign：n.战役；运动v.参加运动，参加竞选活动Camry：汽车牌名can：aux.v.能cancel：vt.取消；删除，划掉cancer：n.癌candidate：n.候选人，候补者；应试者cap：n.帽子capable：a.有能力的capacity：n.容量，容积；能力capacity to：有…的能力capital：n.首都capture：vt.捕获；夺得，占领n.捕获，捕获物car：n.汽车carbohydrate：n.碳水化合物；[pl.carbon：n.碳card：n.卡care：n.注意care about：对…关切，操心或忧虑care for：喜欢，对…中意；对…担心；照顾，照料career：n.生涯，经历；职业，事业careful：a.小心的careless：a.粗心的cargo：n.船货，货物carry：vt.携带；支撑carry on：经营，进行；继续carry out：实行；完成carry over：继续下去，遗留下来case：n.情况，事实；病例；案件；箱，盒cast：vt.投，扔；投射；铸造n.投，掷；模具castoff：a.抛弃的；穿旧的n.被抛弃的人或物casual：a.偶然的casually：ad.偶然地，碰巧地；漫不经心地，随便地cat：n.猫catch：vt.捕捉catch the eye：引人注目categorize：n.分类category：n.门类，种类；范畴；部门cattle：n.牛cause：n.原因caution：n.小心，谨慎；警告vt.告诫，警告CD：激光唱盘CD（7compact disc）：激光唱盘cease：vt./vi./n.停止，结束Cees van Wendel de Joode：齐思·范·万德尔·德·尤德（人名）ceiling：n.天花板celebrate：v.庆祝cell：n.细胞；小房间，单人牢房cellularphone：n.移动电话cent：n.分central：a.中心的centre：n.中心（=center）century：n.世纪ceremony：n.典礼，仪式；礼节，礼仪certain：a.确定的certainly：ad.当然certainty：n.一定；必定Cesar Frank：弗兰克（法国比利时作曲家）chair：n.椅子chairman：n.主席challenge：n.挑战vt.向…挑战champion：n.冠军championship：n.冠军身份；冠军称号chance：n.机会change：v.改变channel：n.频道；航道；渠道vt.通过…获得，传送chapter：n.章，回，篇character：n.性格，品质；特性；人物；符号，（汉）字characteristic：a.特有的，典型的n.特性，特征charge：vt.索价；指控n.价钱，费用；负荷Charles Erickson：查理士·埃里克森（人名）Charles Richter：查尔斯·里克特chart：n.图，图表vt.绘图，制图cheap：a.便宜的cheat：vt.欺骗，骗取vi.行骗，作弊n.欺骗；骗子check：v.&n.检查check with：与…相符，一致cheer：a.愉快的cheerful：a.快乐的，高兴的chemical：a.化学的n.化学制品，化学药品chemistry：n.化学chess：n.国际象棋chew：vt./vi.咀嚼Chicago：芝加哥（美国城市名）chicken：n.小鸡chief：n.首领chiefly：ad.大半，主要child：n.孩子childishness：n.幼稚Chile：智利China：n.中国Chinese：n.中国人chip：n.片屑；薄片；电子集成电路片，芯片choice：n.选择cholesterol：n.胆固醇choose：vt.选择Christian：n.基督徒a.基督的；基督教的Christmas：n.圣诞节Christopher Columbus：克里斯托弗·哥伦布（意大利航海家）chunk：n.一大块，一厚块vt.分块，组块church：n.教堂7 cigarette：n.香烟，纸烟Cincinnati：辛辛那提（美国俄亥俄州西南部城市）cinema：n.电影院circle：v.环绕circular：a.圆形的，环形的；循环的circumstance：n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇circus：n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场citizen：n.公民，市民，居民city：n.城市civil：a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的civilized：a.文明的，开化的claim：vt.声称，主张n.要求，主张；断言Clare Bolderson：克莱尔·博尔德森（人名）clarification：n.澄清，阐明clash：n.冲突vi.发生冲突class：n.班classical：a.古典的，经典的classification：n.分类；分级classified：a.分类的，被归为一类的；保密的，机密的classify：vt.把…分类，把…分等级；把…列为classless：a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的classroom：n.教室Claudius Ptolemaeus：克劳迪·托勒密clavichord：n.（音）击弦古钢琴clean：a.清洁的，干净的clear：a.清楚的clear……of：把…从…中清除clearance：n.清除，清理；余地，间隙clerk：n.办事员，公务员；（美）店员clever：a.聪明的climate：n.气候climb：v.攀登Clinton：比尔·克林顿（Bill Clinton）clipboard：n.带弹簧夹子的书写板clock：n.时钟close：vt.关闭closely：ad.紧密地；严密地，密切地closeness：n.紧密；严密，精密cloth：n.衣料clothes：n.衣服cloud：n.云cloudless：a.无云的，晴朗的club：n.俱乐部；棍棒，球棒clue：n.线索，提示clutch：vt./vi.抓住，握紧coach：n.四轮马车；长途汽车；教练vt.训练，指导coal：n.煤coast：n.海岸，海滨（地区）coat：n.外套cobbler：n.补鞋匠cobweb：n.蜘蛛网；[复]陈腐的东西；（思想）混乱coffee：n.咖啡coin：n.硬币，钱币vt.创造（新词）coincide：vi.一致，相符（with）coincide with：相符，一致coincidence：n.巧合；同时发生，共同存在；符合，一致cold：a.寒冷的n.寒冷collapse：vt./vi./n.（使）倒塌，（使）崩溃；瓦解collect：v.收集collection：n.收集，采集；收藏品collectively：ad.总体地；集体地college：n.学院collision：n.碰撞；（利益，意见等的）冲突，抵触colo（u）rful：a.艳丽的；丰富多彩的，吸引人的color：n.颜色coloured：a.有色的colourful：a.艳丽的；丰富多彩的，吸引人的Columbus：哥伦布（意大利航海家，新大陆发现者）column：n.柱，圆柱；栏，专栏（文章）comb：n.梳子combination：n.结合，联合；化合，化合物combine：v.联合combine with：与…结合（或联合，混合，组合）come：v.来come about：发生come across：偶然遇见，碰上come into contact with：开始做某事，着手come into power：上台；开始掌权come to：共计，达到；归结为；涉及，谈到come to terms with：达成协议；妥协，习惯于come up：出现come up with：（针对问题，挑战等）提出，想出；提供comfort：n.&v.安慰comfortable：a.舒适的coming：a.正在到来的，即将来到的n.来到，到达command：n.&v.命令comment：n.评论；评注vi.评论；注释comment on：对…评论commentary on：对…的评论commercial：a.商业的，商务的n.商业广告commercially：ad.商业地，商务地commit：vt.犯（罪），干（坏事）commit suicide：自杀commitment：n.承担的责任或义务，承诺committee：n.委员会common：a.共同的communicate：vi.通讯，交流，交际vt.传达，传播communication：n.通讯，交流；传达；通讯联系，交通工具communicator：n.传播者，传播工作者community：n.社区；共同体companion：n.同伴，同事；[天]伴星（=～star）company：n.公司；同伴，陪伴compare：v.比较compare……with：与…比较compass：n.罗盘；[pl.]圆规compassion：n.同情；怜悯（for）compel：vt.强迫（to）compensation：n.补偿，赔偿；补偿物，赔偿费compensatory：a.赔偿的，补偿的compete：vi.竞争competition：n.竞争；比赛competitive：a.竞争的，比赛的competitor：n.竞争者；对手complain：v.抱怨complain of：抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦complete：a.全部的completeness：n.完整，圆满；完成，结束completion：n.完成，结束；完满complex：a.复杂的，组合的n.综合体component：n.（组）成（部）分；部件a.组成的，构成的compose：vt.组成，构成；创作（音乐，文学作品）composer：n.作曲家comprehension：n.理解（力），领悟compulsion：n.强制，强迫compulsively：ad.强迫地computer：n.计算机，电脑computerization：n.计算机的使用；计算机化computerize：vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算comrade：n.同志con：ad.从反面n.反对的意见；反对者concentrate：vt.集中，聚集；浓缩vi.集中，专心concentrate on：全神贯注于…；全力以赴于…concentration：n.专注，专心；集中；浓度concept：n.概念；观念conception：n.概念，观念concern：n.关心，挂念；关系vt.涉及；使关心concerned：a.有关的；关切的，担心的concession：n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地conclude：vt.推断出，推论出；结束vi.结束，终了conclusion：n.结论，推论concrete：a.具体的；混凝土的n.混凝土vt.使凝固condense：vt.使冷凝，浓缩；缩短vi.浓缩；凝结condition：n.条件conduct：vt.处理；指挥；传导n.举止，行为conductor：n.售票员8 confess：vt./vi.承认；坦白，供认confidence：n.信任，信心confident：a.确信的；自信的confirm：vt.证实，肯定；批准；确认conflict：n.争论，抵触，冲突vi.冲突，抵触confront：vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗confuse：vt.使混乱，混淆confusing：a.使人困惑的，令人费解的confusion：n.混乱，慌乱；混淆congress：n.国会，议会；参议院，上院congressman：n.（[复]congressmen）（美）国会议connect：v.连接Connecticut：康乃狄格（美国东北部州名）connection：n.连接，关系conquer：vt.征服，战胜vi.得胜，胜利Conrad Hilton：希尔顿（美国旅馆业巨头）conscious：a.意识到的（of），自觉的；神志清醒的consciousness：n.意识，知觉；觉悟consensus：n.合意；（意见等的）一致consequence：n.结果，后果consequently：ad.所以，因此conservation：n.保存；保护conservative：a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的consider：vt.考虑，细想；认为vi.考虑，细想considerable：a.值得考虑的，重要的；相当大或多的consideration：n.考虑；体谅，照顾consist：vi.组成（of）consist of：由…组成consistent：a.坚持的，一贯的；与一致，符合。

【合同的英语单词】合同英语词汇合同的英语单词合同的英语单词合同是当事人或当事双方之间设立、变更、终止民事关系的协议。

依法成立的合同，受法律保护。

那么你知道合同的英语单词是什么吗下面来学习一下吧。

合同英语单词1：contract 合同英语单词2：agreement 合同英语单词3：paction 合同的英语例句：他们有没有投标争取承包合同Have they put in a bid for the contract 根据你的合同，你每年有十五天的带薪假期。

According to your contract, you get 15 days“ paid holiday a year. 你的合同已经被终止。

Your contract has been terminated. 我们赢得了合同，但是却经过了多次不屈不挠的谈判才达到目的。

We won the contract but only through a lot of tough negotiating. 合同中有一条款禁止承租人转租房屋。

There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet. 合同还可分为简单合同和正式合同。

Another way of classifying contracts is into simple and formal contracts.在可撤销合同中，合同一方有权废止合同。

A voidable contract is one that a party will be entitled to rescind. 按照普通法，未成年人签订的合同除有效合同外就是可撤销合同或无效合同。

At common law contracts made with a minor that are not valid will be voidable or void. 我们对合同各项条款全无异议,下周签合同如何We have agreed on all terms in the contract. 他们在合同上赔了钱。

商务英语合同范本中高频的英语单词在商务活动中，合同是保障各方权益、明确责任义务的重要文件。

而商务英语合同范本中，有一些高频出现的单词，它们对于准确理解和撰写合同起着关键作用。

接下来，让我们一同来探索这些高频单词。

首先，“agreement”这个词可谓是商务合同中的常客。

它的意思是“协议；同意；一致”。

在合同中，通常用于表示双方达成的某种约定或共识，例如“This agreement is made between Party A and Party B”（本协议由甲方和乙方订立。

）“contract”也是不可或缺的高频词，意为“合同；契约”。

比如，“The contract stipulates the terms and conditions of the transaction”（该合同规定了交易的条款和条件。

）“obligation”常用来表达“义务；责任”。

在合同里，明确各方的义务是至关重要的，“Each party has the obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract”（各方都有履行合同条款的义务。

）“liability”这个单词表示“责任；债务；负债”。

例如，“The company shall bear no liability for any losses arising from force majeure”（公司对因不可抗力造成的任何损失不承担责任。

）“performance”指“履行；执行；性能”。

“The performance of the contract is subject to certain conditions”（合同的履行取决于某些条件。

）“breach”常被用于“违约；违反”的意思。

“In case of breach of contract, the defaulting party shall be liable for damages”（若有违约情况，违约方应承担损害赔偿责任。

合约合同书契约账单及各类证书执照英语单词中英文对照Contract Agreement Document Certificate License English Vocabulary TranslationsIn daily life or business activities, various documents are commonly encountered, such as contracts, agreements, bills, certificates, and licenses. These documents play a crucial role in establishing legal relationships, protecting rights and interests, and ensuring smooth operations. It is essential to understand the relevant English vocabulary and its corresponding translations to effectively communicate and comprehend these documents. In this article, we will explore the key English vocabulary related to contract agreement documents, certificates, and licenses.1. Contract Agreement DocumentsA contract, or 合约(hé yuē) in Chinese, is a legally bindi ng agreement between two or more parties. Understanding the vocabulary associated with contract documents is vital for clarity and precision in communication. Here are some essential terms:1.1 Terms and Conditions- Agreement: 协议 (xié yì)- Contract: 合同 (hé tóng)- Offer: 出价(chū jià)- Acceptance: 接受(jiē shòu)- Consideration: 对价 (duì jià)- Breach of contract: 违约(wéi yuē)1.2 Parties- Party A: 甲方(jiǎ fāng)- Party B: 乙方(yǐ fāng)- Contracting party: 签约方(qiān yuē fāng)1.3 Clauses- Confidentiality clause: 保密条款(bǎo mì tiáo kuǎn)- Force majeure clause: 不可抗力条款(bù kě kàng lì tiáo kuǎn)- Arbitration clause: 仲裁条款(zhòng cái tiáo kuǎn)2. CertificatesCertificates are official documents that confirm certain facts, qualifications, or achievements. They serve as proof of various personal and professional accomplishments. Here are some commonly used certificate terms:2.1 Personal Certificates- Birth certificate: 出生证明(chū shēng zhèng míng)- Marriage certificate: 结婚证书(jié hūn zhèng shū)- Divorce certificate: 离婚证书(lí hūn zhèng shū)- Passport: 护照 (hù zhào)2.2 Professional Certificates- Degree certificate: 学位证书(xué wèi zhèng shū)- Diploma: 毕业证书(bì yè zhèng shū)- License: 执照 (zhí zhào)- Certification: 认证 (rèn zhèng)3. LicensesA license is an official authorization or permission granted by a government or regulatory authority allowing specific activities. Understanding license-related vocabulary is important for various industries and individuals. Here are some commonly used terms:- Driver's license: 驾驶执照(jià shǐ zhí zhào)- Business license: 营业执照 (yíng yè zhí zhào)- Professional license: 职业资格证书(zhí yè zī gé zhèng shū)- Patent license: 专利许可证(zhuān lì xǔ kě zhèng)4. English Vocabulary TranslationsHere are some essential English vocabulary related to contract agreement documents, certificates, and licenses, along with their Chinese translations:- Contract: 合同 (hé tóng)- Agreement: 协议 (xié yì)- Certificate: 证书(zhèng shū)- License: 执照 (zhí zhào)- Terms and conditions: 条款与条件(tiáo kuǎn yǔ tiáo jiàn)- Party: 当事人(dāng shì rén)- Breach of contract: 违约(wéi yuē)- Confidentiality clause: 保密条款(bǎo mì tiáo kuǎn)- Birth certificate: 出生证明(chū shēng zhèng míng)- Degree certificate: 学位证书(xué wèi zhèng shū)In conclusion, familiarizing yourself with the English vocabulary related to contract agreement documents, certificates, and licenses is essential for effective communication in various personal, professional, and legal contexts. By understanding these terms and their corresponding translations, you can navigate through different documents and ensure accurate comprehension.。

⼀一、引⾔言合同中经常出现⼀一些很⽣生僻的英语单词，很容易易被⼤大家误解或误译，造成不不必要的误会和损失。

有别于⽇日常英语，合同英语的⽤用词极其考究，具有专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate）的特性。

⼆二、起⼿手式合同英语的⽤用词特点（Formal term）1. 关于情态动词的使⽤用：May， shall， must ，may not ，shall notMay， shall ， must ，may not ，shall not这些单词在合同中要格外⼩小⼼心使⽤用。

权利利和义务的任命构成合同的责任。

这些词的选择不不当可能会引起争议。

May约定当事⼈人的权利利（可以做什什么）Shall约定当事⼈人的义务（应当做什什么）Must强制性义务（必须做什什么）May not/Shall not禁⽌止性义务（不不得做什什么）•May do 不不能说成can do或shall do，不不能说成should do或ought to do•May not do 在美国⼀一些法律律⽂文件可以⽤用shall not，但绝不不能⽤用can not do或must not在约定争议解决条款时，可以说：The parties hereto shall ，first of all，settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.(双⽅方⾸首先应通过友好协商，解决因合同⽽而发⽣生的或与合同有关的争议。

)Should such negotiations fail，such dispute maybe referred to the Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs. (如果协商未果，合同中⼜又⽆无仲裁条款约定或争议发⽣生后未就仲裁达成协⽅方的，可将争议提交有管辖权的⼈人⺠民法院解决。

合同签订的英文单词“合同签订”：“contract signing”一、单词释义“contract”作为名词时，指的是双方或多方之间具有法律约束力的协议，就像一个大家都得遵守的游戏规则一样。

例如一份房屋租赁合同，明确规定了房东和租户各自的权利和义务。

作为动词，它表示使收缩、感染（疾病）或者签订（合同）等意思。

“signing”是“sign”的动名词形式，“sign”主要表示签字、签名的动作，就如同你在一幅画上留下自己独特的标记，表示你对某事的认可，在合同签订里，就是对合同内容表示同意的一种标记动作。

二、单词用法1. “contract signing”是名词短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语等。

例如：The contract signing went smoothly.（合同签订进行得很顺利。

）这里作主语，表示一个事件。

2. 我们也可以说We are looking forward to the contract signing.（我们正期待着合同签订。

）在这个句子里作宾语。

三、近义词1. “contract conclusion”：Conclusion有结论、缔结的意思，和“signing”在表示合同达成这一概念上有相似之处。

例如：The contract conclusion is a crucial step for both parties.（合同缔结对双方来说都是关键的一步。

）2. “contract execution”：Execution有执行、实行的意思，虽然重点在执行合同，但也与合同签订后的推进相关联。

例如：Before contract execution, we must ensure the contract signing is flawless.（在执行合同之前，我们必须确保合同签订毫无瑕疵。

）四、短语搭配1. “the process of contract signing”（合同签订的过程）：The process of contract signing needs careful attention.（合同签订的过程需要仔细关注。

采购合同英文单词PURCHASE AGREEMENTThis Agreement (“Agreement”) is entered into on [Date] (“Effective Date”) by and between:[Name of Purchaser], a company organized under the laws of [State/Country] with its principal place of business at [Address] (“Purchaser”);and[Name of Supplier], a company organized under the laws of [State/Country] with its principal place of business at [Address] (“Supplier”).Collectively referred to as “Parties”.1. Purpose and Scope1.1 The Purchaser hereby engages the Supplier to supply the goods and/or services (“Products”) as described in Schedule A attached to this Agreement.1.2 The Supplier agrees to supply the Products to the Purchaser in accordance with this Agreement.2. Identity of the Parties2.1 The Purchaser is a legal entity duly organized and validly existing under the laws of [State/Country] with the full power and authority to enter into this Agreement.2.2 The Supplier is a legal entity duly organized and validly existing under the laws of [State/Country] with the full power and authority to enter into this Agreement.3. Rights and Obligations3.1 The Supplier agrees to supply the Products to the Purchaser in accordance with the specifications set forth in Schedule A and any other specifications agreed to by the Parties in writing.3.2 The Purchaser agrees to pay the Supplier the amount set out in Schedule A for the Products supplied in accordance with this Agreement.3.3 The Supplier shall exercise reasonable care and skill in the supply of the Products in accordance with this Agreement.3.4 The Purchaser shall make payment for the Products in accordance with Schedule A and all other terms and conditions of this Agreement.4. Performance4.1 The Supplier agrees to deliver the Products to the Purchaser in accordance with the delivery schedule set forth in Schedule A.4.2 The Purchaser agrees to accept delivery of the Products in accordance with the delivery schedule set forth in Schedule A.4.3 The Parties acknowledge and agree that time is of the essence in the performance of their respective obligations under this Agreement.5. Term and Termination5.1 This Agreement shall commence on the Effective Date and shall continue until all of the obligations of the parties have been fulfilled, unless terminated earlier in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.5.2 Either Party may terminate this Agreement by written notice to the other Party upon the occurrence of one or more events of default as set forth in Schedule B.5.3 Upon termination of this Agreement, all obligations of the parties shall cease, except those that by their nature are intended to survive.6. Compliance with Applicable Laws6.1 The Supplier shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations of [State/Country] in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.6.2 The Purchaser shall comply with all applicable laws and regulations of [State/Country] in connection with its performance of its obligations under this Agreement.7. Representation and Warranty7.1 Each Party represents and warrants to the other that it has the full power and authority to perform its obligations under this Agreement.7.2 The Supplier represents and warrants to the Purchaser that the Products supplied under this Agreement shall be free from defects in material and workmanship.8. Force Majeure8.1 Neither Party shall be liable for any delay or failure in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement if such delay or failure is due to a force majeure event, including but not limited to acts of God, war, terrorism, fire, flood, earthquake, labor disputes, government regulations, or other causes beyond the reasonable control of the affected Party.9. Governing Law and Jurisdiction9.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of [State/Country].9.2 Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration under the rules of [Arbitration Association], which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference into this clause.10. General Provisions10.1 This Agreement represents the entire understanding of the Parties and supersedes all prior negotiations, understandings and agreements between the Parties relating to the subject matter of this Agreement.10.2 No amendment of this Agreement shall be effective unless it is in writing and signed by both Parties.10.3 This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.10.4 This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.[Name of Purchaser]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: _________________________[Name of Supplier]By: __________________________Name: ________________________Title: _________________________。

承诺英文怎么说promise, contract, covenant, engage, pledge这组词都有“承诺”、“允诺”的意思。

1、promise指作出口头或书面的承诺，但仅指主观意愿，并不暗示一定能实现或有实现的基础。

promise英 ['prɒmɪs] 美 ['prɑːmɪs]n. 诺言；承诺；预示；约定；(有)希望例句：Once he made a promise, he would stick to it.他一旦许下诺言,就坚守这个诺言。

2、engage指在正式或重大场合用誓言、条约等许下有约束力的诺言或作出可以信赖的保证，尤指订婚。

engage英 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ] 美 [ɪn'ɡeɪdʒ]v. 雇佣；答应；承诺；订婚；预定；参加；从事例句：I will engage to manage the business if you will engage to pr ovide the capital.如果你答应出资本，我答应经管这个生意。

3、pledge指用行动或言语作出庄严的承诺或正式保证。

pledge英 [pledʒ] 美 [pledʒ]n. 保证；抵押；誓言；承诺；抵押品例句：They pledged never to tell the secret.他们承诺决不泄密。

4、covenant指订立双方或多方共同遵守的协议。

covenant英['kʌvənənt] 美['kʌvənənt]n. 盟约；契约例句：The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。

5、contract指订立慎重并且通常有法律效力的合同或协议。

contract英 ['kɒntrækt] 美 ['kɑːntrækt]n. 合同；婚约；合约；契约例句：Once you have reached formal agreement, you should enter i nto a contract with the other party.你一旦达成正式协议,就应该和对方签订合同。