《小妇人》中缺少男性人物的写作特点评析

读书心得——从女性主义角度看《小妇人》《小妇人》是美国作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特（Louisa May Alcott）在女性主义蓬勃发展的社会背景下创作的，一直是人们热议的话题。

小说以马奇家的贝斯、梅格、乔、艾米四个女儿的生活经历为主，讲述了她们的情感生活。

在小说中，作者将个人的想法、立意寄托于主角身上，阐述了作者对女性主义的看法。

因而小说的女性主义色彩非常浓厚，下面进行具体分析。

1 《小妇人》写作背景和内容简介1.1 《小妇人》的写作背景一部文学作品的形成与其产生的社会背景存在紧密的联系，通常能够反映该时期人们的思想状态。

《小妇人》是路易莎·梅·奥尔科特创作于1868年。

此时是美国内战结束时期，也是第二次工业革命时期，在这一时期，社会逐渐稳定，人们开始追求更高的精神生活。

社会思潮有了很大的变化，女性在新潮思想观念的冲击下，女性意识逐渐觉醒，女性主义蓬勃发展。

女性主义在当时主要体现为女性在工作、生活、思想方面的转变。

第二次工业革命时期，生产力快速发展，人们的生活水平有很大的提升。

加上美国内战结束，社会安定，给文学创作提供良好的环境。

女性意识觉醒后，开始主张追求更高的社会地位，崇尚男女平等，积极踏入社会。

在社会中，女性主张巾帼不让须眉，扮演与男性相差无几的角色，在社会中以个人努力来实现自己的理想和人生价值。

《小妇人》诞生于这一社会背景下，正是作者对女性独立、勇敢等美好品质的赞颂，也是对提升和维护女性的社会地位和权益的诉求。

1.2 《小妇人》的主要内容身处于当时社会环境的路易莎·梅·奥尔科特受到女性主义的影响，将个人的女性主义思想倾注于其作品《小妇人》中。

小说内容主要围绕贝斯、梅格、乔、艾米四位女性的情感生活来展开。

《小妇人》中的大姐是梅格，年轻时爱慕虚荣，成年后为了爱情嫁给家境贫穷的布鲁克，成为一位热爱生活、持家有道的贤妻良母。

乔在家中的孩子排第二，书中的她是一个豁达开朗、独立自尊的女性，对做家庭主妇无兴趣，经过个人的拼搏奋斗，成为一个作家，坚持写作补贴家用。

密级：学校代码：10075 分类号：学号：文学硕士学位论文男性角色的缺失与存在——<<小妇人>>的女性主义分析学位申请人：张素欣指导教师：闫红梅 副教授学位类别：文学硕士学科专业：英语语言文学授予单位：河北大学答辩日期：二〇一四年十二月Classified10075 Index: CODE:U.D.C.: NO:A Dissertation for the Degree of Master of LiteratureAbsence &Presence of Male Characters --Feminist Interpretation of Little WomenCandidate:Zhang SuxinSupervisor:Associate Prof.Yan Hongmei Academic Degree Applied for :Master of LiteratureSpecialty :English Language and LiteratureUniversity :Hebei UniversityDate of Oral Examination :Dec. 2014AbstractSince social division of labor began in civilized society, women’s rights and values, requirements and aspirations have been influenced by different levels of contempt, neglect, or even conscious repression. Female literature began as the awakening of female self-consciousness, which was also the powerful weapon of women against the patriarchal culture. And the definition of female identity in the patriarchal culture and the construction of independent female identity have always been the core subject of female literature. Little Women was written by Louisa May Alcott, who was one of the most outstanding American female writers in 19th century. The author expresses her feminist ideas which cause the society to rethink the presence and the status of women. This novel can be said to be the classic one in female literature, which is worthy of studying.My paper aims at the male characters of the work, and analyzes the significance of their existence and absence based on the feminist theory. It is the weakening of male characters that enhances the female consciousness of the female characters. In Little Women, the male characters are absent or appear less, so females in March family have the opportunity to resist the cultural hegemony of the dominant class as the spokeswomen of the marginal culture, sending out the voice of marginal culture. The most distinguishing feature of Little Women is to highlight feminist characteristics of female characters under the background of the absence of male characters. And the limited presence of male characters serves to promote the development of the plot of the story and, together with female characters, to shoulder the responsibility of representing the theme. The female characters in Little Women take all kinds of responsibility for the material and spiritual life of the family just because of the gender imbalance, thus they clearly express the desire for equality and freedom, independence and the pursuit of true love.From this point of view, Little Women not only has the new literature value, but also has social significance beyond the era of development. This novel gives readers a kind of new and equal experience, and strives to realize emotional communication and interaction betweenmales and females. As is known to all, emotional harmony is the scarcest part of that time. Today, to really eliminate gender bias and gender discrimination, males, as the main force in the development of the times, should abandon self pride and the domination of women, and finally achieve interdependence and mutual encouragement of males and females to realize harmony.My thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the author and her works, the literature review of the novel, and the starting point of the topic. The second chapter briefly introduces the Western feminist thoughts, and the analysis of male characters in the works of the female writers. The third chapter of my paper discusses the absence of the father image and the influence on the awakening of women’s consciousness. The absence of father image reflected in the March family is the lack of father, husband and the backbone of the family. Therefore only then mother and four sisters have more opportunities to take responsibilities from life and society, and thus also the girls’ independent consciousness and the exemplary role of the mother are reinforced. The fourth chapter illustrates the significance of the existence of other single male characters. It mainly talks about the males and March sisters’ emotional communication and interaction in love and marriage life, so as to highlight the women’ s feminist point of view that they pursue true love and equality in marriage life between men and women. Finally, they realize the harmony and equality between men and women.Key words absence presence male characters feminism摘要自从文明社会出现劳动分工以来,女性的权利、价值、要求和愿望就一直受到不同程度的轻视、忽视,甚至有意识的压制。

艺术评论最近刚读完《小妇人》这本书，这本书的作者是一名美国女作家，名叫路易莎·梅·奥尔科特。

要知道在那个时代能出一名女作家可真不是一件易事，《小妇人》中的主角乔就是以她本人为蓝本。

这本小说是以美国南北战争为背景，小说主要讲述了马奇一家四姐妹的成长经历，虽然她们性格各有迥异，但是她们都勤劳、善良、好学，她们相互扶持着，共同成长着，最终将梦想变成了现实。

我想这与她们一家充满爱的环境是分不开的，马奇先生和马奇太太感情十分深厚，相爱且相互尊重，而且马奇太太给我的感觉不像传统的家长一样，遇到事情第一反应就是反对或者制止孩子，她在遇到事情的时候第一反应会考虑孩子们的感受，让她们自己学着独立的去解决问题，会尊重肯定她们的想法，比如在小说中乔想要在写作中创造自己的价值，不想依附男人而活，马奇太太肯定并支持了她的做法，我想她的教育方式是值得我们所有人学习的。

这里我不得不说一下小妇人中的主角乔，她奔跑奔向自由的样子好灵动鲜活啊。

她在电影的台词我也非常喜欢，同时乔也是那个时代独立女性的代表，很不巧的是在那个时代别人都认为拥有自主独立的灵魂是一种反叛，仿佛是异类，但乔依然在追求着几个世纪以来女性所希冀的自由，她在书写她头脑的奇思妙想，让人们听见她说。

她说：“女性，她们有思想，她们有灵魂，还有心灵。

她们有抱负，她们有才华，还有美貌。

我讨厌人们说女人只适合去爱。

”小妇人这部小说几乎都是围绕女性角色来写的，里面的男性角色都是用来衬托女性角色的，这种极端的写作手法与作者的经历也有关系，因为作者的父亲有梦想但是却总是逃避责任，导致作者对大多数男生都产生了失望的情绪，所以笔下的男性角色少之又少。

整部作品从我们女性的角色来看就是想告诉我们：每个女孩都有着自己的天赋和特性，想清楚自己想要成为什么样的人，不要害怕周围的目光，因为无论你怎么做，总会有人不认可你的价值观。

像马奇家的四姐妹一样去坚持自己想要的成为想要成为的人！《小妇人》能教给我们许多人生道理，是一本值得反复深入阅读的好书。

读书心得——解析《小妇人》中的女性主义一、引言在获得“美国最优秀的家庭小说”殊荣的《小妇人》中，亲情、友情、爱情这些人世间永恒美妙的情感弥漫其中，轻柔而又婉转地渗透到人们的心灵。

它充满自然的灵动，充满爱的力量，充满成长的快乐。

小说生动鲜活地描绘了因爱而备显温馨感人的家庭生活。

在这部堪称经典的小说中，以南北战争为背景的宏伟家庭生活场景交织着女性主义的光辉。

在长期的男权社会里，家庭是父权文化为女性框定的生活空间。

为了摆脱这样的定位，获得更自由更广阔的生活空间，女性从古至今一直在为之而奋斗，而文学创作为女性提供了出路。

“只有通过写作，通过出自妇女并且面向妇女的写作，通过接受一直由男性崇拜统治的言论的挑战，妇女才能确立自己的地位。

”要接受这样的挑战，最终在文学史上占有一席之地，道路是漫长而艰辛的。

女性主义文学作品往往折射出女性内心细腻真诚的情感。

从路易莎·梅·奥尔科特（Louisa May ALCOTT，1832年～1888年）的创作中也能略窥一二。

奥尔科特创作中鲜明而独特的女性意识并非某种单一因素促成，是由各种力量整合而成的。

最重要的一点是受其个人成长环境的影响。

路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的父亲布郎逊·奥尔科特是马萨诸塞州康科德一位自学成才的哲学家、学校改革家和乌托邦主义者。

布郎逊和其友人创立了果园公社，一生沉迷于对理想的追求，以至无力担负家庭生活。

维持生计的重担先是落到他的妻子身上，而后又落到他那富有进取精神的二女儿路易莎·梅·奥尔科特身上。

路易莎担任过临时教师，当过女裁缝、护士，做过洗熨活，做过佣人。

这些经历不仅帮助路易莎在精神层面上成长，也对她的创作产生了重大的影响。

其母亲变身为书中的马奇太太，是她们成长过程中的精神道德领袖。

马奇太太言传身教，教育孩子们面对困难失望的时候要勇敢坚强乐观，并说：“我们肩负着重任，对未来美好的憧憬是我们克服艰难险阻的动力和向导。

论《小妇人》的女性主义思想吉林师范大学博达学院中文系汉语言文学专业2011级5班金鑫摘要：由于过去受到男权主义的影响，女性仍然处于一定的角色中才可以延续发展。

女性本身的态度比男性更为保守，并且为自己是女性而感到悲哀。

正是由于这种心理，女性本身脆弱的天性使她们在男性主宰的世界里处于从属地位。

过去，长期处在男权的社会中，家庭必然是由父权文化为女性划定的生存空间。

为了不受限制，获得更多更自由的生活空间，女性古往今来都在为之奋斗，而这样的文学创作为女性的解放提供了更广泛的道路。

女性主义创作出来的文学作品往往反映了女性心中不同的真实情感。

从路易莎梅奥尔科特（Louisa May AlcoTT，1832年-1888年）的作品中就能看到。

奥尔科特的创作中女性意思的独特性并非是单纯的一种因素，是多种力量促合成的，最重要的是受其个人的成长环境因素造成的。

关键词：《小妇人》、女权主义、路易莎梅奥尔科特一、简说《小妇人》《小妇人》写作背景处于美国南北战争之后，人们渴望出现新的思想和政策来激励他们，并且出现民主和自由的思潮，女权运动也随之发展起来。

小说《小妇人》勾勒出了一个美国新英格兰地区的普通家庭的生活，它以典型的家庭生活为主要的描写对象和原型，构成了这个普通家庭生活里家庭成员的感情关系为线索的故事。

在普通的马奇一家中的四个姐妹为了自己的生活和爱情都付出了自己的努力。

路易莎梅奥尔科特的父亲布朗逊奥尔科特是马萨诸塞州康德一位自学成才的哲学家、学校改革家和乌托邦主义者。

他和他的友人创立了果园公社，一生对理想的追求以至于无力担负家庭生活，维持家庭生计的担子还是落到了妻子的身上。

之后又落到他富有上进心的二女儿奥尔科特身上。

她曾做过临时教师、做过裁缝、护士，当过佣人。

这些经历在路易莎的精神成长方面起到了作用，同时在她的创作中也产生了影响。

她的母亲就是小说中马奇太太的变身，是这几个女儿精神成长上的领袖。

马奇太太的言传身教，对孩子们的成长起着至关重要的作用，教育她们面对困难、挫折和失望的时候要勇敢、乐观、坚强。

绿叶——评析《小妇人》中的男性配角——以布鲁克先生为例［Abstract］This paper focuses on the supporting male characters in Alcott’s Little Woman, trying to analyse their characteristics by analysing a typical one of them, Mr.Brooke. First, it summarizes the writing feature that chapters about male characters are much less than that about female characters, and explores the reason. Then, it discusses one of the supporting male characters, Mr.Brooke, and gives some comments to him. The paper shows the male characters’valuable merits that is also precious in modern world. While from their weaknesses, the female characters’good features can be seen more obviously.［Key words］Little Women,supporting male characters,Mr. BrookeI. IntroductionLittle Women is Alcott’s most successful work, a masterpiece that is famous worldwide. It was published in 1868 and won high praise. Till now, millions of copies have sold all over the world. This book is full of tender feelings, which warms and moves so many women from 19th century to 21th century; This book is also full of profound truth of how to be a good girl or a woman, which enlightens thousands girls from all over the world.The plot of it is very simple. Four March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth andAmy, have different characteristics and stories. During the year when their father was in the army, guided by their mother, Mr.March, they overcame their own shortcomings and the hard time, with improving and growing. In this book, we can see many their interesting activities, making up their colorful life. As a very important part, it inevitably tells love and marriage of these little women.Much research has been done on Little Women. Most researchers put their eyes on the transcendentalism and female consciousness reflected in it. There are also various papers that focus on its theme, especially analyse it in a view of feminism. In spite of this, some researchers explore its educational function in pedagogy perspective, while others concentrate on the culture in it, such as Puritanism. In addition, a few researchers compare it with other books, or study its Chinese translations. As for theanalysis of characters and writing features is also very common, among which the principal character — Jo is discussed a lot, while her other sisters are referred sometimes. However, few papers analyse the male characters. One of typical papers is Writing Features of the Absence of Male Characters in Little Women written by Li Qiaoling in 2006. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the male characters in detail. It is hoped that this paper will provide further study into the male characters,and help readers to pay more attention to them.Ⅱ. The Lack of Male Characters in Little WomenFrom the title and the plot, we can easily see that the female characters must take a very large part of the whole book.Overview the entire book, it is easy to find the description about male characters is quite less than female characters, especially the psychological description. The description appears mainly by the form of language and action. Laurie and Professor Bhaer are the main male characters, and the description of them are more than others. As for the other three, Mr. March, the father of four sisters, was away in the army, seldom to be found in the plot. urence and Mr.Brooke only can be seen in several chapters. This paper will mainly discuss Mr.Brooke, one of the typical character of them, in detail.Though the absence of the male characters in this book is obvious, it doesn’t mean the male characters are unimportant or can be omitted easily. What these male characters to the entire book are what green leaves to flowers. Although flowers attract people’s eyes most, without humble green leaves, they are impossible to show their beauty. In the same way, without these male characters, the book won’t be completed.There are some reasons for the writer to set these male characters. Inmy opinion, first, the male characters make the roles of the book more colorful. Let’s imagine, if all roles are female, the book will be dull. If we can adapt the book to a TV series, the scene must be to tedium to be seen, full of girlish clothes, language and activities. Second, the author sets these male characters to compare with women. Then the nice features of these little women can show completely and be felt by readers more easily. Third, these male characters enrich the plot a lot, without them, the love and marriage of four sisters will disappear, then the plot will lose a very significant part. In Writing Features of the Absence of Male Characters in Little Women written by Li Qiaoling in 2006, the author thinks the male characters always need women’s support and comfort, while in Diao Weiyang’s paperChallenge or Obedience — A Marxist-Feminist Interpretation of Little Women, she says women need the male characters’help. I think their opinions are not contradicted. Men and women help each other, as well as get support from each others. They live in harmony, and depend on each others.Ⅲ. Mr.Brooke: A Responsible ManAt the mention of Mr. Brooke, the most apt word to describe him is responsible. He was Laurie’s tutor, then married Meg and lives a happy life with her. This description is Meg’s first impression on him. “Mr.Brooke was a gr ave, silent young man, with handsome brown eyesand a pleasant voice. Meg liked his quiet manners and considered him a walking encyclopedia of useful knowledge.” (Little Women, 2008, 115) In spite of this, as Laurie said: “When he makes up his mind to accomplish anything, it’s done though the sky falls.” (Little Women, 211) With this kind of spirit. He continues his road to taking responsibility successfully.As a son, he takes his responsibility to his mother perfectly. “He took good care of his own mother till she died, and wouldn’t go abroad as a tutor to some nice person because he wouldn’t leave her. And how he provides now for an old woman who nursed his mother, and never tells anyone, but is just as generous and patient and good as he can be.”(Little Women, 124)As a man, the soul of his family, he does his best to his Meg and children. He loves Meg deeply, but he didn’t express his love immediately. Meg forgot a glove in Laurie’s home, then he kept this glove carefully and secretly. He knew he must wait until he could make enough money to give Meg a contented life. Nonetheless, he isn’t a coward, later, he told his love to Meg to Meg’s parents. Mrs. March’s words shows their praise of him: “He was perfectly open and honorable about Meg, for he told us he loved her, but would earn a comfortable home before he asked her to marry him. He only wanted our leave to loveher and work for her, and the right to make her love him if he could. He is a truly excellent young man.” (Little Women, 184) Someone loves o nly for himself without considering his lover’s happiness; others don’t dare to love because they don’t believe themselves have the ability to provide a happy life without trying. However, the right way is loving one and trying best to overcome any difficulties to make her happy, just like Mr.Brooke does. Then he works as a bookkeeper by his honest labor, refusing Mr. Laurence’s help, to earn a home for Meg. Luckily, he married Meg happily.After he got married, “John took steadily to business, feeling the cares of the head of a family upon his shoulders.” (Little Women, 245) Mr. Brooke took his obligation of being a model husband perfectly. He is arranged by Alcott to describe married life of March girls. The description of him is very life-like. Regardless of the fact that the couple isn’t always going well, the conjugal love between he and Meg is vivid and warm. Under Alcott’s pen, their married life is full of delight of life, sweet and happy. Based on Mrs. March’s fully understand of him, she said to Me g, “He is very decided, but never will be obstinate, he is very accurate, and particular about the truth. He will give you the confidence you deserve. The support you need. He has a temper, the white, still anger that is seldom stirred, but once kindled is hard to quench.” (Little Women, 250) It’s very natural of him to anger with Meg sometimes. Every timehe has some unpleasant affairs with Meg, he never apologizes first, owing to his temper. However, when Meg apologizes to him, he will forgive her immediately. Their contradiction won’t last long, and never interfere with their blissful life. With the love is always existing. Though their conflicts, both he and Meg grow mature, gaining the lessons to come along with the other more. Despite the fact that sometimes Meg annoyed him, he still does his best to Meg. Once Meg hurt his heart by accident for her hate of poor life, he didn’t scold Meg, only bearing the sorrow in the heart. “He had denied himself many of his pleasures for Meg’s sake”, which was not eno ugh. To make Meg happy and give her a better life, “He stayed in town later, and worked at night.” Then “he had countermanded the order for his new greatcoat.” (Little Women, 253) As we can imagine, Meg made up for her fault and they live in harmony again. The collisions make them love each other more. After the matter, “Meg learned to love her husband better for his poverty, because it seemed to have made a man of him, given him the strength and courage to fight his own way, and taught him a tender patience with which to bear and comfort the natural longings and failures of those he loved.” (Little Women, 255) He takes his responsibility to Meg well, leading his family overcomes poverty to live happily.Later he had a son and a daughter at the same time. Especially to his son, he is absolutely necessary. To his little son, “Papa was not so easilysubjugated, and occasionally afflicted his tender spouse by an attempt at paternal discipline with his obstreperous son.” (Little Women, 350) He “brought order and obedience into babydom.” (Little Women, 355) As a father, he never forgets his duty to teach his children. He “believed that it never was too soon to learn obedience.” (Little Women, 351) Meg spoils her son a bit, so he is strict with his son. Once his son refused to go to bed on time, Meg didn’t know how to deal with him. He said to Meg, taking father’s duty: “He’s my child, and I won’t have his temper spoiled by indulgence. Go down, my dear, and I leave the boy to me.” (Little Women, 352) He dragged his son numerous times by strong measures. Finally, the little boy gave in. Only being authoritarian is not a good father. He must give his child’s affection too. After doing this, his tender towards his son overwhelmed his strict. “Poor little man, he’s worn out with sleep and crying. I’ll cover him up, and then go and set meg’s heart at rest.” Thought John, “creeping to the bedside, hoping to find his rebellious heir asleep. So held, John had waited with a womanly patience till the little hand relaxed its hold, and while waiting had fallen asleep.” (Little Women, 354) What a kind father he is!In spite of this, he is loyal to his master Mr. Laurence and his student Laurie. He helped Mrs. March take over Mr.March who got injured in Washington during the war. Being praiseworthy, he took his duty to his country well. Before he got married, he served in the army. “John Brookedid his duty manfully for a year, got wounded, was sent home, and not allowed to return. He received no stars or bars, but he deserved them, for he cheerfully risked all he had” (Little Women, 214) After married, he is also interested in politics, concerning his country.By shaping this personality, Alcott shows her attitude to feminism. At that time, “The feminist movement blazed forth with a h ost of notable women battling for their rights and for social reform.” (Little Women, 54) Mr. Brooke always treats Meg equally and respects her well. In their courtship, he respects Meg’s will, regarding her as an individual woman. Not only to Meg, he expressed his opinion of American women once: “Young ladies in America love independence as much as their ancestors did, and are admired and respected for supporting themselves.” (Little Women, 123) In his mind, he doesn’t consider women to affiliate to men as old conservatives. In his family life, he loves and cares Meg a lot, instead of treating the wife coldly or even being violent to wife, which is common in that time. He shares housework and the responsibility of parenting children with Meg, thinking which should not be women’s burden. The most touching detail is that once he thought about Meg: “She is trying to like politics for my sake, so I’ll try to like millinery for hers, that’s only fair.” (Little Women, 354) It’s very funny of a man likes these women things. He does it only to repay Meg and respect her interest. Another thing is that he always makes himself agreeable for table, nomatter how tired he is, out of respect for Meg. I think he set a good example even to men in contemporary society.In addition, his attitude to responsibility is not only needed in that harsh time, but also in need in modern society, and in each family. In this book, Mr.Brooke is not rich, but he works very hard to support his family, overcoming a lot of difficulties. The devotion and responsibility for the family will help countless difficulties overcome the harsh time. Leading by the sense of obligation, you will dare to face difficulties, not be afraid of it. His behavior gives some lazy husbands and fathers who are lack of sense of responsibility, and people who believe in spirit of enjoy-in-time and individualism and escape the burden of life a precious enlightenment.All in all. Mr. Brooke plays an important role in the book, giving us a good example of a responsible man.Ⅳ. ConclusionIn Little Women, not only four sisters and their mother have their personal charisma, but also these male characters have their charm. They shouldn’t be ignored. Only take Mr. Brooke as an representative, we praise his sense of responsibility; we discover feminism out of him; we can also see a special spirit buds from him.They are necessary for female characters. Thanks to them, theactivities of women become more colorful, and their characteristics show better. The male and female characters help each other and depend on each other. Their good merits raise the ideological level of this novel, and spirits reflected from them are also precious in modern society.In conclusion, male characters act as green leaves, without them, the flower —novel won’t beautifully blossom. Research of these male characters is still demanding to see, which is so helpful to us readers appreciate the beauty of this novel.【References 】［1］刁巍杨.文挑战还是服从——《小妇人》的马克思主义女权主义解读［D］.东北师范大学，2006.［2］杜海燕.《小妇人》中清教主义教义在小说人物中的体现［D］.天津师范大学，2012.［3］李巧玲.《小妇人》中缺少男性人物的写作特点评析［J］.沈阳大学学报，2006，18(1).［4］刘春英.路易莎·梅·奥尔科特和《小妇人》［J］.暨南学报（哲学社会科学），2001，23(1).［5］Louisa May Alcott．Little Women［M］.外文出版社，2008.［6］孙章萍.浅析路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的《小妇人》［J］.江苏教育学院学报（社会科学版），2009，25(6).［7］温钊莲.《小妇人》的女性意识解读［J］.南宁师范高等专科学校学报，2008，25(4).［8］吴伟仁.美国文学史及选读（第一册）［M］.外语与教学研究出版社，1990.［9］肖玲.女性世界的男性逗留者——《小妇人》与《红楼梦》内容之比较［J］.考试周刊，2011(34).［10］杨晓强.外国文学《小妇人》中的写作特征分析［J］.文学界(理论版)，2011(8).。

解读《小妇人》中女性人物的写作特点作者：王欣欣来源：《语文建设·下半月》2014年第02期摘要：十九世纪后半期，奥尔科特写成的长篇小说《小妇人》是美国女性文学领域的杰出作品之一。

这部小说的故事线索是马奇先生一家以及四个女儿的感情故事，作者借助文中刻画的打破社会束缚的女性形象，表明了自己所认为的“新女性”。

本文重点解读这部小说中女性人物的写作特征，希望能够为读者深入理解这些人物形象提供有益的参考。

关键词：《小妇人》女性人物写作特点一、前言《小妇人》是美国女作家露易莎·梅·奥尔科特创作于十九世纪后半期的长篇小说，犹如文学领域的一颗耀眼明珠，长期以来在国际文学界享有盛誉。

它的背景是19世纪中期发生在美国南北战争时代的一个新英格兰小镇上，小说讲述了马奇一家四姐妹各自的情感纠葛。

而且这部长篇小说以家庭日志为主，真实地再现了美国文化的传承以及社会的巨大变迁，给读者留下了非常独特的印象。

二、女性人物担负着重要责任从这部小说来看，女性人物要多于其中的男性人物，它的重点就在于讲述马奇夫人和她的四个女儿在生活中以及感情纠葛中所发生的各种故事，因此，小说在刻画女性人物时的描写要远远多于其中的男性人物，而且这种性别方面的不平衡在小说中得到了非常强烈的体现。

从《小妇人》来看，所刻画的男性形象均未能很好地满足爱人或女儿的物质追求，所以，在艰难的生活中，这些女性都竭尽所能地承担起了家庭的重担，而且还勇敢地担负起了相应的各种社会责任。

虽然生活非常艰难，感情也经常受到挫折，然而她们仍然十分乐观积极地面对这些事情，而且还勇敢地追求自我幸福，实现了自强自立。

相比较而言，作者对书中的男性着墨不多，而且也不怎么描写男性的感情生活，此外，其中的男性形象经常使人失望透顶，不能很好地担负起对家庭与社会的责任。

三、强烈的现实意义从当时的环境来看，美国社会存着严重的男女地位不平等问题，这种社会问题也被广泛关注。

其实，直到20世纪60年代，还存在着严重的男女两性矛盾，而且还呈现出日益上升的趋势，从而带来了严重的全球社会生态困境，而且男女间矛盾还对社会进步以及经济发展形成了严重的阻碍。

1.引言十九世纪的美国文坛出现了群星璀灿的局面，名家倍出，光芒四射。

令人瞩目的是，女士们也纷纷拿起笔，向大众一吐心声，大有巾帼不让须眉之势。

美国女作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的《小妇人》，自1869年诞生之日起就引起了人们的广泛注意和评论。

而对于根据作者自身经历塑造的人物乔，许多评论家的争论也颇多。

笔者认为《小妇人》中的独特人物乔是一个孝顺女儿和称职的妻子，同时她也是自立自强的女性，独立自由地选择了自己的生活道路。

作者借助于乔表达出其颠覆父权文化的强烈愿望，作为奥尔科特的理想化身，乔的独特性格对父权文化给传统女性所定义的角色提出了挑战。

2.乔在父权社会中的革命性的性格特征小说一开始，乔就有意识地抵抗腐朽的社会对自己的限制，她渴望成为一个能够在男性垄断社会下作出一番成就的独立女性，走出一条自己的理想道路。

2.1乔非传统的性格特质《小妇人》主要讲述了马奇家四姐妹的成长故事。

大女儿梅格爱慕虚荣，渴望世俗的荣华富贵，最终却嫁给了一个贫穷但是诚实的男人，在自己的“鸽子窝”里与他携手共度人生。

三女儿贝思是个害羞腼腆的小女孩。

她生命的全部意义在于心甘情愿地为家人贡献一切，被奥尔科特定义为“家中的天使”，却在跨入成年的门槛之前命归黄泉，她代表着十九世纪传统妇女的典型形象。

艾美是4个女孩子中最年幼的一位。

在几个姐妹中最娇气也最自私，十分看重所谓的上层社会富有的朋友和自己的相貌。

但她也在生活的磨练中逐渐养成了为别人着想和行善的美德。

如果说其他三个女孩子的生活展示了在那个社会里妇女的传统生活轨迹，根据作者自己的经历创作的乔的故事，就为妇女提供了另外一种不同的选择。

在《小妇人》中，乔是勇敢独立的年轻女性的典型形象，她平衡了女性对职业的追求和在家庭中的价值。

与其他几位姐妹相反，乔生气勃勃具有冒险精神。

与“非常俏丽，体态丰盈，皮肤白皙”的梅格、“玫瑰色脸庞、头发柔软、双眸晶亮”的贝思、“眼睛湛蓝，黄鬈发披在肩上，脸色苍白，身材苗条”的艾美相比，她身上的中性化特征—————四肢瘦长，皮肤黝黑，衣服宽松———要明显得多。