七年级词汇、短语总结一、学习目标七年级词汇、短语总结二、重点、难点七年级近义词或短语辨析三、知能提升1. say, speak, tell，talk【解析】■say：“讲，说”vt.强调说话的内容，宾语可以是代词或从句；可用于直接或间接引语。
She said, “I don’t know.”I said that I was once a bad boy.■speak：“讲话，演讲”vt. ＆vi.强调说话的动作；用作及物动词，宾语为表示语言的名词；用作不及物动词，时常用于以下短语：speak to/ with 和……讲话I speak some Japanese.Are you speaking with your parents?■talk：“谈话”vi.多用作不及物动词，可与to，with和about连用。
She is talking to her friends.Do you want to talk about your last summer vacation?■tell：“告诉，讲述”vt.用作及物动词，后接双宾语，宾语补足语，从句或动词不定式。
Can you tell me your name?Tell him not to be late again.【即学即练】1) What would you like to _______ about your hometown?A. speakB. talkC. sayD. tell2) It’s hard to _______ who will win the game in the end.A. speakB. tellC. sayD. talk答案：B C2. look, see, watch, read■look vi. 看强调看的动作，常与介词“at”连用，后接所看的事物，固定搭配：look at sth.What are you looking at?I am looking at a cool T-shirt.■see vt. 看见强调看的内容，可接宾语补足语When I got home, I saw him crying.Can you see a black car near the tree?■watch vt. 观看，注意看有欣赏或因某一特定的目的而注意观看的意思，侧重过程。
常用搭配：watch TV/ the gameI watched the basketball game on TV.My father watches TV every day.■read vt. 看，读强调读,阅读。
I like reading story books.【即学即练】1）I have many interesting books to _______.A. seeB. look atC. watchD. read2）—There must be something wrong with the TV.—I’m afraid you are right. I think we can _______ it in Uncle Wang’s room.A. seeB. look atC. readD. watch答案：D D3. bring, take, get, carry■bring vt. 带来,拿来指从别处把某人或某物带来或拿来。
You must bring your homework here.■take vt. 拿走,取走指从这里把某人或某物带走。
Can you take these books to the classroom?■get vt. 拿到，得到，取来去某处把某物取来，强调获得。
Can you get some water for me?■carry vt. 搬运，提，运送表示用人力或交通工具“把……带到……”，无方向性。
He always carries a small box in his hands.【即学即练】1) Trucks _______ all kinds of things here and there.A. carryB. takeC. bringD. get2) Please _______ him to the nurse there, and she’ll give him some pills（药片）.A. carryB. bringC. getD. take答案：A D4. look for, find, find out■look for 寻找强调寻找的动作。
I’m looking for my pen, but I can’t find it.■find vt. 寻找, 发现经过一番努力后才“找到”，强调结果；也指偶然发现。
She found a small boy standing in the corner.→指偶然发现。
After two hours, finally I found my bag. →指经过一番努力后找到的。
■find out指经过探询，询查之后才发现某人或某事，意为“弄清楚，查明”。
Put your hand up when you find out the answer.【即学即练】1) —Do you _______ your ticket, sir?—No, I’m still _______it.A. find, findingB. look for, looking forC. find, looking forD. look for, finding2) The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it.A. find outB. findC. lookD. look for答案：C A5. listen, hear■listen vi. 听强调听的动作固定搭配：listen toShe's listening to the radio. 她在听广播。
■hear vt. 听侧重听的结果，可接宾语补足语常用搭配：hear of/ about 听说hear from 收到……来信I can hear someone knocking. 我听到有人敲门。
I'd never heard of him before he won the prize. 在他得奖之前我从来没听说过他。
We haven't heard from her for two years. 我们已经两年没有收到她的来信了。
【即学即练】_______ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _______ me?A. Listen to, hear fromB. Hear, listen toC. Hear, hearD. Listen to, hear答案：D6. cost, take, spend, pay■cost vt. 花费物作主语，常指某物花费了多少金钱、时间和精力等，可接双宾语。
The book cost me 10 yuan.■take vt. 花费花费时间、精力或金钱，主语是物可以由名词、动名词或It充当。
常用句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth.. →此时It是形式主语，to do不定式是真正的主语。
It took me 10 yuan to buy the book.■pay vt. 付，支付人作主语，付钱。
常用搭配：pay forI paid 10 yuan for the book.■spend vt. 花费人作主语，指花费时间或金钱在某事或某物上。
常用搭配：spend on sth.spend (in) doing sth.I spent 10 yuan on the book.Lin Lin spent 10 yuan (in) buying that dictionary.【即学即练】1) Did you _______ four yuan for the book?A. payB. spendC. takeD. cost2) I bought some CDs for my friend and they _______ me 30 yuan.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took3) I’m afraid it will _______ you much time to work out the problem.A. spendB. takeC. costD. pay4) Every day, I spend two hours _______ my homework.A. finishingB. finishC. to finishD. finished答案：A C B A7. arrive, get to, reach■arrive vi. 到达固定搭配：arrive in (接较大的地点)./at (接较小的地点)What time does the plane arrive in New York?■get to +地点名词。
如后接副词则省略“to”When will they get to that city?■reach + 地点名词。
When will they reach the city?【即学即练】1) When they _______ at the village, it was 10 in the evening.A. arrivedB. reachedC. gotD. got to2) The Green family _____Xiamen last Sunday morning.A. cameB. arrivedC. reached toD. got to答案：A D8. borrow, lend■borrow借，从主语角度讲是“借进”常用句型borrow sth. from sb.He wants to borrow some books from you.■lend借，从主语的角度讲是“借出”，常用结构lend sb. sth.He lent me his pen.【即学即练】1) Will you _______ me your pen? Mine is lost.A. borrowB. lendC. take C. buy2) I’ll never _______ him anything, because he always forgets to return it to me.A. borrowB. lendC. giveD. buy3) As we know, some people are good at _______ but bad at giving back.A. lendingB. keepingC. borrowingD. using答案：B B C9. across, through和cross■across prep. 横过，穿过强调从表面穿过，含义与on有关walk across the street■through prep. 穿过，通过强调从物体的空间内部通过，含义与in有关through the forest/ door■cross vt.穿过，越过cross= walk/ go across【即学即练】1) The students walked _______ the gates with the teacher.A. acrossB. throughC. crossD. over2) When you _______ the street, you must be careful.A. crossB. acrossC. throughD. walk答案：B A10. join, join in和take part in■join vt.参加多指参加某个组织并成为其中一员。
