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带中文翻译的英语小短文英语是一种语言工具，学习英语的最终目标就是能利用这种工具与别人自由流畅的交流。
店铺整理了带中文翻译的英语小短文，欢迎阅读!带中文翻译的英语小短文：让人常有饥饿感Leave off HungryOne ought to remove even the bowl of nectar from the lips.即使是甜液蜜浆，也应该及时从嘴边拿开。
Demand is the measure of value. Even with regard to bodily thirst it is a mark of good taste to slake but not to quench it. Little and good is twice good. The second time comes a great falling off. Surfeit of pleasure was ever dangerous and brings down the ill-will of the Highest Powers.价值是以欲望来测量的。
例如对付口渴，只宜减轻口渴程度，却不宜彻底解除口渴。
美好的东西，因为稀缺，才加倍的美好。
第二回的满足往往身价顿减。
过度的快乐是危险的。
它们甚至使那些永恒卓越的东西也受到嘲弄。
The only way to please is to revive the appetite by the hunger that is left. If you must excite desire, better do it by the impatience of want than by the repletion of enjoyment. Happiness earned gives double joy.使人愉悦亦有法则：即吊其胃口，使其常有饥饿感。
迫不及待的欲望比饱食的享受感作用更大。
带中文翻译的英语短文随着社会的发展，英语已成为个人甚至一个国家发展的重要工具，每个人都希望说一口流利的英文。
本文是带中文翻译的英语短文，希望对大家有帮助!带中文翻译的英语短文：爱好HobbyEveryone has a hobby, some people like swimming, some people like playing video games. Fishing is my father's favorite hobby. He goes fishing every Sunday morning, and goes home in the afternoon.My hobby is playing piano. I started playing piano from five years old. I like to play it after school. I have a plan, I want to play a birthday song for my mother, because next monday is her birthday. I think she will like my present very much.每个人都有爱好，有些人喜欢游泳，有些人喜欢玩电子游戏。
我父亲最喜欢的爱好是钓鱼，他每个星期天的早晨都会去钓鱼，下午才回家。
我的爱好是弹钢琴。
我从5岁就开始弹了。
我喜欢在放学后弹。
我有一个计划，我想在给我妈妈弹一首生日歌，因为下周一就是她的生日。
我想她会非常喜欢我的礼物的。
带中文翻译的英语短文：火FireFire can help people in many ways, but it can also be dangerous. Fire can keep you warm, give light and cook food. However, big fire can also burn your house and hurt you. Nobody knows how ancient people started using fire. Today, people can make fire very easily. They use matches and lighters. Sometimes children like to play with them, but it can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and a small fire can start a big fire to burn everything. So you must be careful with matches. If you use the fire in the right way, it can help you, but if you use it in the wrong way, it may hurt you.火可以在很多方面帮助人们，但是也可以非常危险。
有关中英互译的英语短文阅读在英语学习中,阅读能力是学习者发展其它语言能力(听、说、写、译)的基础。
阅读能力的高低,不仅决定了学习者获取知识和信息的水平,而且在一定程度上也反映出学习者综合运用英语的能力。
店铺整理了有关中英互译的英语短文，欢迎阅读!有关中英互译的英语短文：Strange Patent ApplicationsI set about working in the current Patent Office after resigning from the court personnel. Competent and dynamic, I never feel passive while diving into the identifications of whether applications are valid and practical according to the new version of the criteria.With the expectation of distinguishing their own importance, some people leave the beaten track and file strange products with us now and then, for example, lantern that can be attached on your forehead, cubic walnuts, refrigerator made of straw and glue, perfume that nobody can bear to smell, and so on.Once, a man made a triangle helicopter out of stainless wires and string. He called us up and merrily claimed it was stable and convenient to use, and never out of order. I asked him to hang on, but this innocent man just rang off and set out to fly from his courtyard. I dialed his number in the directory trying to ring him back, but never got through.Merciful God blessing, an abrupt freezing rainfall made his powder wet. Luckily, the trouble was without any extension except that he crashed into a greengrocer’s making all the ripe fruits become messy jam. When people seized this crazy man with caution and sobered him by tapping his face, he complained about the bad weather instead of associating his failure with his unscientific design.奇怪的专利申请从法院人事部辞职后，我开始在现在的专利局工作。
英汉互译散文美文范文大全优选15篇英汉互译散文美文范文大全第一篇My Father A Person Who I Admire.In my life,the one who I admire the most is my father.My father is a businessman. He is broad—minded and rich in love and compassion. Each time when he saw the people who were in difficulties,he would put out his hand to help them. Money is limited while love is priceless,he often says.My father loves me very much;he has never yelled or scolded to me. When I made mistakes，he always told me with kind and pleasant countenance what I had done wrong and let me know what was right. Whenever I was perplexed by a tough question in my study,I asked my dad,and then he would always explain it to me softly and patiently.If by worried me not understood the explanations,my dad always told me to be calm and confident.Well,here is my father,a person who gives me great education，which makes me understand a lot about this world，which is life—long unforgettable,and forever benefits.我最敬佩的人—我的爸爸。
英语作文汉译英范文10篇Certainly! Here are 10 English essays translated from Chinese, following American English conventions:1. My Favorite BookIn my eyes, the most captivating book I've ever readis "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee. The novel is set in the 1930s and narrates the story of a young girl named Scout Finch, her brother Jem, and their father, the morally upright lawyer, Atticus Finch. The story deals with serious themes such as racial injustice and moral growth, which are presented through the innocent perspective of children. The book has taught me the importance of empathy and standing up for what is right, regardless of societal pressures.2. A Day in My LifeMy typical day starts with the alarm clock ringing at 6:30 AM. After a quick shower and breakfast, I head to school where I attend classes from 8:00 AM to 3:00 PM. In the afternoon, I usually spend time on extracurricular activities like the school band or sports. Homework and studying take up most of my evening, and I try to get to bed by 10:00 PM to ensure I'm well-rested for the next day.3. The Impact of Technology on EducationTechnology has revolutionized the way we learn. With the advent of online courses, students can now access a wealth of knowledge from the comfort of their homes. Educational apps and software have made learning more interactive and engaging. However, the over-reliance on technology also poses challenges, such as the potential for decreased human interaction and the digital divide that may exclude those without access to these resources.4. My Dream JobIf I could choose any job in the world, I would want to be an astronaut. The idea of exploring the cosmos, seeing the Earth from space, and contributing to scientific research excites me. I understand that the journey to becoming an astronaut is rigorous, involving extensive training and a strong background in science and engineering. But the opportunity to push the boundaries of human knowledge and experience makes it all worthwhile.5. The Environment and MeI am deeply concerned about the environment. I believe that each individual has a role to play in protecting our planet. In my daily life, I try to minimize waste, recycle, and use public transportation whenever possible. I also participate in local clean-up initiatives and advocate for environmental awareness in my community.6. A Memorable TripThe most memorable trip I have ever taken was to Yellowstone National Park. The breathtaking geysers, hot springs, and diverse wildlife were a feast for the eyes. Hiking the park's trails, I felt a deep connection with nature and a renewed appreciation for the beauty andfragility of our natural world.7. The Importance of SportsSports play a crucial role in my life. They not only keep me physically fit but also teach me valuable life skills such as teamwork, discipline, and perseverance. Participating in sports has also helped me build lasting friendships and provided a healthy outlet for stress.8. My Favorite HolidayThanksgiving is my favorite holiday because it brings family and friends together. I love the tradition of sharing a meal and expressing gratitude for the good things in life. It's a time to reflect on the past year and look forward to the coming one with hope and optimism.9. A Person I AdmireAmong the many people I admire, Malala Yousafzai stands out. She is a brave advocate for education and women's rights. Despite facing adversity, Malala has shown incredible courage and determination. Her story inspires me to stand up for what I believe in and to work towards making the world a better place.10. The Power of KindnessKindness has the power to change lives. A simple act of kindness can brighten someone's day and even change their perspective. I try to practice kindness in my interactions with others, whether it's through a warm greeting, a helping hand, or a listening ear. I believe that a kind world is a better world.These essays are crafted to reflect a variety of topics that might be found in English language classes, from personal narratives to discussions on societal issues.。
英语小短文带汉语翻译欣赏英语阅读教学作为一种实用的语言课程,是一个有组织的系统。
这一系统包括教学主体,教学对象和教学环境。
店铺整理了英语小短文带汉语翻译，欢迎阅读!英语小短文带汉语翻译篇一When students come to the university, they will treat their major as the big deal, because the major will decide their future. Most students consider the job potential when they choose the major. In my opinion, each major will have the relative job potential, it is our hard working that helps us to be successful.当学生来到大学,他们会把专业当作大事,因为专业将会决定他们的未来。
大多数学生在选择专业时主要考虑到工作前景。
在我看来,每个专业都有相对的工作潜力,我们的努力才是帮助我们取得成功的因素。
As a graduate student, I have to find a job and I have got many interviews, but I haven’t found the good job, so I am still fighting for my future. I major in English, before I chose it as my major, many people told me that it was easy to find a job and I did research the information on the Internet. I made my choice, but now I realized that finding a job is easy while not for the satisfying one.作为一个研究生,我必须得找到一份工作,我有很多的面试,但我还没找到好工作,所以我还得为我的未来而战。
有关英汉互译小短文欣赏英语阅读是学习语言知识、提高英语语言能力的有效途径，也是人们获取外部信息、了解世界的主要手段。
小编精心收集了有关英汉互译小短文，供大家欣赏学习!有关英汉互译小短文篇1梦想DreamingSometimes, what makes us relaxed and leaves us with a lighter feeling is enjoying the freedom of dreaming about good things. We can freely think of things that would do our lives more good than harm. We hope these things will happen in our lives some day.有时候,自由自在地想像那些美好的事物能让我们的身心得以放松。
我们可以无拘无束地想像那些会对我们产生利大于弊的影响的事物,并期待这些事物有一天能够出现。
Dreaming is free. Each of us has our own dreams. Also, the way we deal with things in our dreams shows us who we can really be in real life. We tend to act based on what kinds of dreams we have, but we also have the freedom to make those dreams come true.梦想是自由的,我们每个人都有属于自己的梦想。
此外,我们处理梦想的方式也真实地反映了现实生活中的自己。
虽然我们的行动往往以梦想为依据,但我们仍然拥有让美梦成真的自由。
To me, a dream is a picture of the place where we want to find ourselves some day. A dream is like a design of how we want things to look by the time we get there.对我而言,梦想就是一幅图画,画中是未来某天我们发现自我的地方;梦想就如一幅蓝图,所有的事物都呈现出我们想要的样子。
英语小短文带中文翻译英语阅读技能既是重要的语言技能,也是重要的学习技能,是发展其他语言技能的基础和前提。
小编精心收集了英语小短文带中文翻译，供大家欣赏学习!英语小短文带中文翻译篇1Today, when I went home after school, I saw the delicious snack, so I wanted to buy one of the snacks, then I could not find my wallet, I searched it many times, at last, I had to admit that my wallet was lost. I felt so worried, so I turned back to find my wallet, I watched the road carefully, suddenly, a black dog was in front of me, I felt so scared. The hog yelled at me, so I ran, the dog run after me, I run into the shop and got rid of the dog. I have to went home because of it was dark, my mother came out and told me I forget to bring my wallet, how stupid I am.今天，当我放学回家时，我看到了美味的小吃，因此我想要买一些小吃，然后我找不到钱包，我搜索了很多遍，最后，我不得不承认我的钱包弄丢了。
我很着急，所以我返回去找我的钱包，我一路仔细查找，突然，一条黑狗在我前面，我很害怕。
那条狗朝着我叫，所以我跑了，狗追赶我，我跑进了一家商店，摆脱了那条狗。
由于天色已暗，我不得不回家，我的妈妈出来，告诉我我忘记了拿钱包，我是多么的愚蠢啊。
英汉互译的小短文阅读普通高中英语课程标准指出，高中英语课程的主要任务是帮助学生提高英语综合能力。
英语阅读对于英语学习者综合能力的提高具有重要作用。
小编精心收集了英汉互译的小短文，供大家欣赏学习!英汉互译的小短文篇1So I want to say to my supporters: when you hear people saying or think to yourself “If only” or “What if”, I say, please, don’t go there. Every moment wasted looking back keeps us from moving forward.我要告诉我的支持者：如果你听到别人说或者你自己曾经这样想，“如果某件事没有发生”或者“要是出现了另一种情况”，那么我会说，请不要这样。
为往事叹息会阻碍我们前进。
Life is too short; time is too precious; and the stakes are too high to dwell on what might have been. We have to work together for what still can be. And that is why I will work my heart out to make sure that Senator Obama becomes our next president.生命短暂，时间宝贵，沉湎于空想的代价实在太大。
面对现实，我们必须团结起来，这就是我全力支持奥巴马参议员当选下一任总统的原因。
When we first started, people everywhere asked the same question: could a woman really serve as commander-in-chief? Well, I think we answered that one. As we gather here today in this historic, magnificent building, the 50th woman to leave this Earth is orbiting overhead. If we can launch 50 women into space, we can someday launch a woman into the White House. Although we weren’t able to shatter* that highest, hardest glass ceiling this time, thanks to you, it’s got abou t 18 million cracks in it.当选举刚开始的时候，到处都有人在问：“一个女人真的能够领导国家吗?”我想，我们已经对这个问题做出了回答。
英语作文汉翻英练习
English:
My favorite season is definitely autumn. I love the crisp morning air, the vibrant colors of the changing leaves, and the cozy feeling of wrapping up in a warm sweater. Autumn has a sense of nostalgia
and tranquility that I find comforting. From pumpkin spice everything to hayrides and apple picking, there are so many fun activities to enjoy during this season. I also appreciate that the cooler weather allows for long walks in the park and sipping hot drinks by the fire. Overall, autumn is a time of reflection and gratitude that I always look forward to.
Chinese:
我最喜欢的季节肯定是秋天。
我喜欢清晨清新的空气，变化叶子的鲜艳色彩，以及裹着温暖毛衣的舒适感。
秋天带有一种让我感到安慰的怀旧和宁静感。
从南瓜味的一切到观看秋天的好时机和采摘苹果，这个季节有很多有趣的活动可以享受。
我也很感激更凉爽的天气可以让我在公园散步和在火炉旁喝着热饮。
总的来说，秋天是一个我总是期待的反思和感恩的时刻。
英语⼩短⽂翻译对照（通⽤23篇） 在平⽇的学习、⼯作和⽣活⾥，⼤家对⼩短⽂都再熟悉不过了吧，你知道作⽂怎样写才规范吗？ 下⾯是店铺整理的英语⼩短⽂翻译对照的内容，⼀起来看看吧。
英语⼩短⽂翻译对照篇1 The sun changed green Absurd，absurd，really absurd。
The sun unexpectedly changes green!What is happening?Is the sun catches up with fashionably trades the new clothing，Or fell ill?What under did the green suns world have to change： The tree，Changed green;The grass, changed green。
On earth all changed green, including desert. 太阳变绿了 荒唐，荒唐，真荒唐，太阳居然变绿啦！这是怎么回事呢？是太阳赶时髦换新装，还是⽣病了？绿⾊太阳下的世界发⽣了什么变化呢？ 树，变绿了；草，变绿了。
⼤地上的⼀切都变绿了，包括沙漠。
英语⼩短⽂翻译对照篇2 Every girl like to be beautiful, I am no exception. Once, I thought I was fat, in order to look as perfect as the movie stars, I went on diet, I refused the delicious food, which made me sick. Finally, I gave up, I realized that I wasn’t a star, I just need to be myself. Maybe I am not beautiful in outlook, but I can be an excellent girl. To be an excellent girl, I need to read more books. Books indeed bring me the nutrition which makes me different. Books broaden my vision, I see the different sceneries in the books, I feel like I am growing up. I am no longer narrow-minded, I start to treat things in different ways. When other girls are talking about how to look beautiful, I don’t care about it, I just care about how to live my own way. 每个⼥孩都想要变得漂亮，我也不例外。
汉译英练笔50篇（本1）1. 货假情真在太太的生日宴会上，丈夫当众把一颗亮闪闪的宝石赠给他夫人。
一位朋友对他说：“瞧你夫人多高兴啊！如果你送她一辆奔驰汽车，不是更实惠吗？”“我也曾这么想过。
”这位丈夫摊开手悄声对朋友说：“可惜这种轿车目前还没有假的！”2.心痛的感觉街头一家新潮茶馆推出一种饮料，名叫“心痛的感觉”。
某君想来想去也弄不明白它的含义，便怀着好奇心递上50元。
要了一杯试试。
果然有了“心痛的感觉”——原来是一杯白开水。
3.洒精的力量有三只倍受压抑的老鼠实在没有辙，便相约斗酒。
只见老大一仰脖，半瓶白干下肚，喷着满嘴酒气的他摇摇摆摆出去了，不一会回来了，他竟然生生从猫嘴里把人家吃饭的家伙抢了回来。
老二眼睛一瞪，不服气，也一口灌了一瓶，狂冲出洞。
只听得外面老猫一声惨叫，老二得意洋洋手拿两根胡须回来。
老三一脸冷笑，口对口猛喝了两瓶。
只见它舌头发大，两眼通红，踉踉跄跄，晃悠着从身边抄起半截板砖，大喊：“拍死这猫！”4.乞丐“美女”夜总会的B女，一天在街市上遇到一个蓬头垢面的乞丐，乞丐紧随其后，俯身朝她行乞。
B女厌恶不已，一边掩鼻子，一边掏出一块钱扔给他。
数日后，有一个风流倜傥的男子光顾“美女”夜总会，并邀B女出台。
待两人云雨之后，男子起身问道：“你可知我的真面目？”她茫然摇头。
“我就是街市上那个乞丐！”说完，男子掏出一张百元纸币扔给她，潇洒离去，B女呆若木鸡。
5. 随感（一）小时候父亲给我买来的小人书，我总是小心翼翼地翻看，一个字一个字地品味着，生怕看得太快了，看完了就没有希望了。
我愿意每天早晨醒来，都有一个鲜亮的希望挂在那儿。
这种感觉真好，它使我度过了寂寞的童年。
6. 随感（二）小时候，父母分给我们的吃食，我总是稍尝一点便收藏起来慢慢享用。
而妹妹就不，她总是以风卷残云之势将它们一扫而光，然后就痛痛快快地玩去了。
后来我问她，为什么不留着慢慢享用呢？她说，吃完了自在，否则老想着那里有吃的，做事老走神。
1.意大利著名旅行家马可。
波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己社在天堂。
”在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。
”杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。
西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。
在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。
The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the mist fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangz hou.” Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. As it is beautiful all the year round, the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo, a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty, to a beauty “who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.” In Hangzhou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a joy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some special local products.2.在设备制造期间，雇主的代表有权对根据合同提供的全部工程设备的材料和工艺进行检查、研究和检验，同时检查其制造进度。
五英语短文带中文翻译1. The Benefits of Learning a Second Language。
2. 第二语言学习的益处。
Learning a second language has numerous benefits, both personally and professionally. Here are just a few:1. Improved cognitive abilities: Learning a second language has been shown to improve cognitive abilities such as problem-solving, memory, and concentration.2. Increased job opportunities: In today's global economy, knowing a second language can make you a more valuable employee and open up job opportunities in avariety of fields.3. Enhanced cultural understanding: Learning a second language can help you better understand and appreciate different cultures, leading to increased empathy andtolerance.4. Improved communication skills: Learning a second language can improve your communication skills in your native language as well, as you become more aware of grammar and vocabulary.5. Personal growth: Learning a second language can be a challenging and rewarding experience, leading to personal growth and a sense of accomplishment.学习第二语言在个人和职业方面都有很多好处。
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域，编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海，令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样，词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划，收集材料，然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间，而且常让人受挫，甚至恼怒。
30篇英语短篇作文翻译1. What is your favorite hobby? 。
英文，My favorite hobby is reading. I love to read books of all genres, from fiction to non-fiction, and from classic literature to contemporary bestsellers. Reading is a great way for me to relax and escape from the stresses of everyday life. I also enjoy discussing books with friends and family, and sharing recommendations with others.中文，我最喜欢的爱好是阅读。
我喜欢读各种类型的书籍，从小说到非小说，从经典文学到当代畅销书。
阅读是我放松和逃离日常生活压力的好方法。
我也喜欢和朋友家人讨论书籍，与他人分享推荐。
2. What is your favorite food? 。
英文，My favorite food is sushi. I love the combination of fresh fish, rice, and seaweed, and the variety offlavors and textures that sushi offers. I also enjoy thesocial aspect of eating sushi, as it is often shared with friends and family and can be a fun and interactive dining experience.中文，我最喜欢的食物是寿司。
我喜欢新鲜鱼、米饭和海藻的组合，以及寿司所提供的各种口味和质地。
英译汉练习短文6篇·Passage 1Satiric Literature1Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is look at familiar conditions from a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful, or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest Proposal dramatizes starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspected before Cervantes2, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley3, and people were aware of famine before Swift4. It was not the originality of the idea that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression，the satiric method, that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they aremorally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness5 they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions6. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous juxtaposition, and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude.Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they live in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing7, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, not do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of humanity. Intelligent people know these things but tend to forget them when they do not hear them expressed8.Notes1．这篇文章用词正式，句式严谨、周密、冗长，文风较为华丽。
翻译时选词要正式，可多用四字结构和铺排形式。
2．Cervantes: 塞万提斯（1754-1616），西班牙伟大的作家、诗人、戏剧家。
3．Aldous Huxley:奥尔德斯·赫胥黎（1825-1895），英国生物学家，作家。
4．Swift: 斯威夫特（1667-1745），英国作家，擅长用讽刺和幽默揭露社会黑暗现象。
5．briskness：brisk意为keen or sharp in speech or manner。
6．secondhand opinions：不可翻译为“二手的观点”，应该是“人云亦云的的观点”。
7．cheap moralizing：这里cheap意思不是“便宜的”，而是vulgar, contemptible; moralizing不是“道德”，而是“说教”。
8．when they do not hear them expressed：当直译不方便时，我们可用视点转移法：但是当周围人不谈起时Key讽刺文学或许讽刺文学最突出的特点是它耳目一新、视角独创。
讽刺文学很少给人以原创的思想,但是它却将人们熟悉的事情以全新的形式展现出来。
讽刺作家并不给人以新的哲学理念。
他们所做的只是从某一视角来看待一些为人熟知的事情，在这一视角下，这些事情显得愚蠢不堪、充满危害而又矫揉造作。
讽刺作品将我们从自鸣得意中震醒，让我们既愉快又惊诧地看到，我们从未质疑、全盘接受的价值观中，有很多都是错误的。
《唐吉珂德》使得骑士精神显得荒谬可笑；《挑战新世界》嘲笑了科学的自诩；《一个小小的建议》则建议食用人肉，使饥饿问题戏剧化。
这些思想中没有一条是原创的：在塞万提斯之前就有人怀疑骑士精神；在赫胥黎之前人文主义者就反对宣称纯科学的至高无上；在斯威夫特之前人们就已经意识到饥荒问题。
并不是思想的独创而使得讽刺文学受人欢迎，而是它的表述方式、嘲讽方法使得它趣味横生、有娱乐性。
人们阅读讽刺文学只是因为在美学上它是让人心满意足的艺术品，而不是因为它在道德上有益或伦理上的教益。
它激人兴奋、爽人身心，因为它只是运用常理通识、辛言辣语，便将各种幻想和人云亦云的观点一扫而光。
讽刺文学自心而来不拘谦恭，它重新调整视角，将熟悉的事物紊杂地放置在一起，用个性化的语言而不是抽象的陈词滥语表述出来。
讽刺作品之所以存在是因为人们需要它。
它存续至今，是因为读者欣赏爽身怡心的刺激和不拘谦恭的告诫，它提醒读者，他们生活的世界里充满了陈腐的思想意识、低俗的道德说教和愚蠢的哲学理念。
讽刺作品虽然很少代表真理促成行动，但它却能使人们感悟到真理。
讽刺作品常常告诉人们，他们在大众媒体中所看到的、听到的、读到的大多是伪装善良、多愁善感或只有部分真实。
生活只在很小的程度上与大众对它的印象相符。
士兵们很少拥有电影赋予他们的理想，而普通老百姓也决不会把自己的生命无私地奉献给人道主义服务。
聪明人知道这些事实，但是当周围人不谈起时，他们常常会忘记掉。
Passage 2American Folk ArtWhat we today call American folk art was, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday1 “folks”who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits. Citizens of prosperous, essentially middle-class republics—whether ancient Romans, seventeenth-century Dutch burghers, or nineteenth-century Americans—have always shown a marked taste for portraiture. Starting in the late eighteenth century, the United States contained increasing number of such people, and of the artists who could meet their demands.The earliest American folk art portraits come, not surprisingly, from New England —especially Connecticut and Massachusetts—for this was a wealthy and populous region and the center of a strong craft tradition. Within a few decades afterthe signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the population was pushing westward, and the portrait painters could be found at work in western New York, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri. Midway through its first century2 as a nation, the United States’ population had increased roughly five times, and eleven new states had been added to original thirteen. During these years, the demand for portraits grew and grew, eventually to be satisfied by camera. In 1839 the daguerreotype was introduced to America, ushering in the age of photography, and within a generation the new invention put an end to the popularity of painted portraits. Once again an original portrait became a luxury, commissioned by the wealthy and executed by the professional.But in the heyday of portrait painting—from the late eighteenth century until the 1850’s —anyone with a modicum of artistic ability could become a limner, as such a portraitist3 was called. Local craftspeople—sign, coach, and house painters —began to paint portraits as a profitable sideline; sometimes a talented man or woman who began by sketching family members gained a local reputation and was besieged with requests for portraits; artists found it worth their while to pack their paints, canvasses, and brushes and to travel the countryside,often combining house decorating with portrait painting.Noteseveryday: 意为commonplace, ordinarymidway through its first century: 美国独立后50年间portraitist：译为“画师”，以和前面的limner（画家）相区别。
