00541-2017年4月真题及答案
2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 语言学概论试卷 (课程代码00541) 第一部分选择题(共30分) 一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分) 1．汉语属于 A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。复综语2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是 A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词3．苏美尔人发明了 A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文 C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母 4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助 C．语言影响D．语言迁移 5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的 A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体 C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称 6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是 A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同 C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同
7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫 A．人类语法 B.普遍语法 C．个人语法 D．个别语法 8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫 A．地方话 B．隐语 C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语 9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是 A．拟人 B．拟物 C．夸张 D．降格 10．语言符号的能指是 A．词汇B．语音 C．语义 D．语法 11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于 A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因 C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因 12．诗歌属于 A.谈话语体 B．应用语体 C．文学语体 D．宣传语体 13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树
2007年4月全国自考现代英语语法试题和答案 一、单项选择题（本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共21分） to bed until 1. The general sent out word that no one in the bunker further orders.【】 A. will go B. would go C. was about to go D. was to go 答案：D 2. He violin when I want to sleep.【】 A. always plays B. play always C. is always playing D. always is playing 答案：C until yesterday.【】 3. James has just arrived,but I didn＇t know he A. will come B. was coming C. had been coming D. comes 答案：B everything else.【】 4. I only called the police when I A. tried B. was trying C. had tried D. had been trying 答案：C .【】 5. Mother wished I you what she A. didn＇t tell; said B. didn＇t tell; has said C. didn＇t tell; had said D. hadn＇t told; said 答案：D 6. Jean Wagner＇s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro American poetry is his insistence that it in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.【】
2017年4月高等教育自学考试 管理思想史试卷 （课程代码06088） 本试卷氛围两部分，满分100分，考试时间150分钟。 第一部分为选择题，第1页至第5页，共5页。应考者必须按试题顺序在“答题卡”上按要求填涂，答在试卷上无效。 第二部分为非选择题，第6页。应考者必须按试题顺序在“答题卡”上按要求填涂，答在试卷上无效。 第一部分选择题（共40分） 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1.孟子认为人们修身治国平天下所应遵循的重要原则是 A.人性本善 B.义利统一 C.以德服人 D.施行“仁政” 2.强调管理者应有“不慕古，不留今，与时变，与俗化”的创新精神是 A.孙子 B.孟子 C.管子 D.老子 3.苏格拉底把通过谈话、提问、揭露矛盾，进而从个别求得一般的方法叫做 A.精神培养术 B.精神刺激术 C.精神助产术 D.精神催眠术 4.“从来不知道服从的人不可能是一位好的指挥官”，提出者是 A.柏拉图 B.马基雅维利
C.托马斯?阿奎那 D.亚里士多德 5.首先意识到现代企业的某些性质,首创性地采取类似现代股份制公司的形式,向公众出售股票的是 A.古罗马 B.古希腊 C.日?曼 D.中世纪的英国 6.研究芳动强度和疲劳关系问题的第一个人是 A.查尔斯巴贝奇 B.查尔斯杜平 C.安德鲁?尤尔 D.威廉·杰文斯 7.“科学管理”这个名词的首次提出者是 A.泰勒 B.布兰代斯 C.哈罗徳?孔茨 D.林徳尔?厄威克 8.亨利·甘特通过対生产日期利产量来控制计划和生产进行的图称为 A.巴思图 B.泰勒图 C.甘特图
D.密尔图 9.莫里斯库克的主要贡献是 A.在非工业组织中传播和应用科学管理思想 B.提出了组织效率的原则 C.把各种最有效的动作要素归纳成“动作经济原则” D.发明用于生产控制的甘特图 0.法约尔认为,企业无论大小,简单还是复杂,其全部活动都可以概括为 A.5种 B.6种 C.7种 D.14种 11.林德尔?厄威克指出,组织设计的作用之一是决定从事经营各个成员的 A.工龄 B.权利 C.职务 D.家族地位 12.非正式组织的重要标准是 A.效率逻辑 B.利益最大逻辑 C.感情逻辑 D.产品为主逻辑
名词和名词短语（2） 限定词和属格 4.1 限定词 Determiner 在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指，类指以及表示数量等限定的词。 Determiners refer to the words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase which typically precede any adj. that pre-modify the head word. 限定词和形容词区别 Difference between Determiner and Adjective 1.前置限定, 限定词在形容词前面.Determiner usually precede adj. in pre-modification. 2.限定词的选择受中心词影响而形容词不受。The choice of Determiner is determined by the head word but not that of adj. 3.形容词表明中心词的特征，而限定词限定中心词的意义数量。Adj. describe the head word by showing its characteristic while determiner determine the head word by identifying or quantifying. 4.形容词可位于中心词后，而限定词不可。 Adj. can post-modify the head word but not Determiner. 5.形容词有比较级而限定词没有(除few, little, many much 外) 。 Adj. has comparative form but not Determiner （except few, little, many much ）. 4.1.2 Co-occurrence of Determiners Determiner may co-occurrence in the pre-modification of a noun phrase: two or more determiner may modify one and the same head word. Each determiner takes a fixed position , we identify their relative positions in the case of co-occurrence. 定义 考点1 定义
2017年4月思想道德修养与法律基础真题 一、单项选择题 本大题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.理想信念是由理想和信念两个概念结合而成，包含了理想和信念各自的含义。其中，理想是（）。 A．人们在社会生活中应该遵循的行为规范的总和 B．人们在改造世界过程中形成的对于自我和世界的认识 C．人们在实践中形成的具有现实可能性的对未来的向往和追求 D．人们在一定的认识基础上确立的对某种思想或事物坚信不疑的态度 【答案】C 【解析】考查理想信念的含义。理想是人们在实践中形成的具有实现可能性的对未来的向往和追求，是人们的世界观、人生观和价值观在奋斗目标上的集中体现。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 2.人们的理想信念遍及社会生活的所有领域，呈现出许多不同的类型。建立社会主义制度，并在全世界实现共产主义，属于（）。 A．生活领域的理想信念 B．职业领域的理想信念 C．道德领域的理想信念 D．社会领域的理想信念 【答案】D 【解析】社会领域的理想信念是人们在社会公共生活方面所持的基本理念和对于理想的社会制度的向往和追求。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 3.人们的理想信念存在于人们的内心深处，属于一种精神现象。但它又不只是一种纯粹的主观现象和静止的精神状态，而是一种包含着行动意志的复合现象，表现为从精神向行动的转变过程。这说明理想信念具有（）。 A．多样性和共同性 B．思想性和实践性 C．时代性和阶级性 D．虚幻性和超越性 【答案】B 【解析】理想信念具有思想性与实践性。人们的理想信念存在于人的内心深处，属于一种精神现象。但是，它又不只是一种纯粹的主观现象和静止的精神状态，而是一种包含着行动意志的复合现象，是一种从精神向行动的转变过程。 【考点】理想信念及其作用 4.现阶段我国各民族人民的共同理想是（）。 A．实现共产主义 B．脱贫致富奔小康 C．建设中国特色社会主义
动词部分（第5,6,7,8章） 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1.2010040 2. My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane I’d like to take from there ______ by then. ( ) A. would leave B. will have left C. has left D. had left 2.2010040 3. The young man who has applied for the post ______ in the general manager’s office.( ) A. is interviewing B. is being interviewed C. to be interviewed D. had been interviewed 3.2010040 4. It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. ( ) A. must be sent B. are sent C. will be sent D. be sent 4.2010040 5. ______ for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. ( ) A. Not being B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been 5.2010040 6. The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it ______ out of gas.( ) A. may run B. may have run C. must run D. should have run 6.2010040 7. The teacher won’t mind ______ the term paper. ( ) A. us to delay handing in B. our delaying handing in C. our delaying to hand in D. us delay to hand in 7.20100408. All the tasks ______ ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate.( ) A. have been finished B. had been finished C. having been finished D. were finished. 8.20100702. It seems that oil ____ from the tank for some time. We’ll have to take the oil tank apart to see what's wrong. （） A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 9.20100703. A great deal of research _____ into the possible cures to AIDS in recent years.（） A. is done B. was done C. has been done D. will be done 10.20100704. Gone ____ when the Chinese people had to struggle to make a living and to worry about lack of food all day. （） A. the days B. are the days C. have the days D. the days have 11.20100705. Sometimes I wish I ____ extraordinary power to make all the impossible possible.（） A. have B. had C. have had D. am having 12.20100706. I've tried several times today, but the line is always busy; someone ____ the telephone. （） A. should be using B. must have been using C. must have used D. must be using 13.20100707. It's no use ______ the result of the exam; it's already finished. （） A. worrying about B. to worry about C. to worrying about D. having worried about 14.20100708. With so much noise outside, the speaker had to raise his voice to have himself____.（） A. hear B. heard C. to be heard D. to hear 15.20110402. The child ought to have a rest; she ______ the piano for nearly three hours. ( ) A. had practiced B. is practicing C. has been practicing D. practices
2010年4月全国自考现代英语语法真题 一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. 1:参考答案：A 试题内容：That definition leaves___for disagreement. A:much roomB:a small roomC:many roomsD:a big room 2:参考答案：B 试题内容：My train is going to arrive at Shanghai at about eight o’clock tonight. The plane Id like to take from there___by then. A:would leaveB:will have leftC:has leftD:had left 3:参考答案：B 试题内容：The young man who has applied for the post___in the general managers office. A:is interviewingB:is being interviewedC:to be interviewedD:had been Interviewed 4:参考答案：D 试题内容：It is essential that all the exam papers ______ back before the end of the term. A:must be sentB:are sentC:will be sentD:be sent 5:参考答案：C 试题内容：___for my illness, I would have got the job in the Disneyland. A:Not beingB:Without beingC:Had it not beenD:Not having been 6:参考答案：B 试题内容：The car ahead of me suddenly stopped by the roadside. I think it___out of gas. A:may runB:may have runC:must runD:should have run 7:参考答案：B 试题内容：The teacher won’t mind___the term paper. A:us to delay handing inB:our delaying handing inC:our delaying to hand inD:us delay to hand in 8:参考答案：C 试题内容：All the tasks___ahead of time, they decided to have a dinner party to celebrate. A:have been finishedB:had been finishedC:having been finishedD:were Finished 9:参考答案：A 试题内容：What he has done is___what I have done. A:superior toB:more superior toC:superior thanD:more superior than 10:参考答案：B 试题内容：Mary earns___as Jane does, but she spends less money on cosmetics than Jane. A:twice so muchB:twice as muchC:as much twiceD:so much twice 11:参考答案：C 试题内容：We’ll discuss a___issue before we move on to the problem of our major concern. A:lessB:moreC:lesserD:most12:参考答案：A
2017年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试 语言学概论试卷(课程代码00541) 第一部分选择题(共30分) 一、革项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题l分，共20分) 1．汉语属于 A．孤立语 B.屈折语 C．粘着语 D。复综语 2．“种花”的“花”和‘‘花钱”的“花”是 A．同义词 B．多义词 C．同音词 D．近义词 3．苏美尔人发明了 A．楔形文字 B．甲骨文 C．腓尼基字母 D.阿拉伯字母 4．第二语言学习者在使用外语时常常借助于母语的发音、词义、结构规则或习惯来表达思想的现象叫 A．语言相关 B.语言辅助 C．语言影响D．语言迁移 5．“郭明义是当代的雷锋”中，“雷锋”属于借代中的 A．以部分代整体 B.以特征代本体 C．以具体代抽象D．以专称代通称 6．“成立”和“建立”这两个词的词义区别主要是 A．理性意义不同 B．感情色彩不同 C．语体色彩不同 D．形象色彩不同 7．根据乔姆斯基提出的假设，人的大脑中储存的全人类语言所共有的语言知识叫 A．人类语法 B.普遍语法 C．个人语法 D．个别语法 8．从同一种语言中分化出来的各个语言叫 A．地方话 B．隐语 C．亲属语言 D．原始基础语 9．“活儿我不做了!三颗粮食，收不收有什么关系?”使用的修辞手法是 A．拟人 B．拟物 C．夸张 D．降格 10．语言符号的能指是
A．词汇B．语音 C．语义 D．语法 11．汉语普通话以北方方言为基础方言主要出于 A．人们的喜好 B．经济上的原因 C．文化上的原因D．政治上的原因 12．诗歌属于 A.谈话语体 B．应用语体 C．文学语体 D．宣传语体 13.纳西族语言称“大树”为“树母”、“小树”为“树男”，反映出古代纳西族曾经历过 A．群婚制阶段 B．族外婚制阶段 C．母系氏族社会阶段 D．家族制阶段 14．希腊字母属于 A．辅音文字 B．全音素文字 C.表意文字 D．象形文字 15．古代关于马的词很多，如“驹”两岁马、“駣”三岁马、“馬八”八岁马，这些词被称为 A．同源词B．类义词 C．同义词 D．同形词 16．语言符号的结构必须是按照时间先后顺序依次出现，这是语言符号的 A．系统特征 B．约定特征 C．层级特征 D．线性特征 17．对“语言”和“言语”这两个概念进行区分的是 A．索绪尔 B．鲍阿斯 C．沃尔夫 D．施莱歇尔 18．“他们的品质是那样的纯洁和高尚，他们的意志是那样的坚韧和刚强，他们的气质是那村的纯朴和谦逊，他们的胸怀是那样的美丽和宽广”是 A.对偶句B．排比句 C．反复句 D．回环句 19.下面各词借自于汉代西域的是 A．葡萄 B．罗汉 C．蛮夷 D．胡同 20．某一言语社团同时使用两种或两种以上语言的社会现象叫
现代英语语法 第三章名词、代词和数 3.0引言 简单来说，名词就是表示一个人地点事物事件或者想法的名字的词。名词是语言的重要组成部分，由名词作为主要构成要素的表达，比如a knockout,honesty和the possibility都叫做名词词组，每个名词词组有一个关键成分叫做中心词。（knockout,honesty,possibility），前面还有一个附属成分叫修饰语（a,the） 名词词组可根据外部功能和内部结构来进行分类。 典型的名词词组的结构如下，括号里的部分可能会出现，但并不是一定出现。 （前置修饰语+）中心词（+后置修饰词）。 名词词组的中心词很明显是名词或代词，可带有前置修饰语或后置修饰词，修饰语可为从字到句子的各种不同的层次，如： they people the people the old people people old and sick people in hospital all the sick people in hospital people to receive treatment people receiving treatment people who are receiving treatment etc. 在英语的实际应用中，名词词组结构的变化要受某些因素如中心词的词性、修饰词的结构及修饰词顺序的影响。 就功能而言，名词词组主要可以做主语，宾语，补语和修饰语，有的名词词组甚至可以做状语： The whole building is on fire.（主语）整个大楼都着火了。 I sold my car to my neighbour.（宾语）我把车卖给了我的邻居。 The lump in my chest has melted as I think about her display of love.（主语；宾语）一想到她的爱，我不再哽咽了。 A friend in need is a friend indeed.（主语补语）患难见真情。 You can call me John.（宾补）你可以叫我约翰。 I don't mind if you do it after school.（介词补语）我不介意你放学后是不是干这件事。 He rides a mountain bike.（修饰语）他骑了一辆山地自行车。 He was here yesterday,I'm sure.（状语）我肯定他昨天在这儿。 3.1名词分类 名词有各种各样的分类，可分为具体名词和抽象名词，也可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，还可以分为有生命的名词和无生命的名词。 名词可以根据意思和形式分类，根据意思，名词可以分为两类，专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是特定的人，地点或者事物的名称，拼写时首字母大写，普通名词则是一类人，事物或者抽象的想法的统称，普通名词又可以进一步的划分为个体名词，集体名词，物质名词和抽象名词。从形式上看，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有复数，并可以与数字连用，带有限定词，而不可数名词则是只有一种形式的名词，使用时可以不带限定词。
2016年4月全国自考《现代英语语法》真题 (总分100, 考试时间90分钟) 1. Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. The Niagara Falls_______long been a popular tourist destination, boosted by a number of movies. ( ) A have B having C had D haven't 答案:A 解析：山脉、瀑布、岛屿等地理名词常常被当作复数。这些名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，如the Alps，the highlands，the Himalayas，Niagara Falls等。答案为A。 2. There is nothing more wonderful in the world than swimming with a_______of fish around you. ( ) A sack B sheet C staff D school 答案:D 解析：本题考查单位名词。a school of fish一群(小)鱼，很多，a school of＝a lot of。答案为D。 3. There are stores on_______sides of the square. ( ) A both B every C each D all 答案:D 解析：the square(广场)是四面的，所以排除仅指两边的both。选项B和C后跟单数名词。答案为D。 4. You have not at all read my points carefully and_______the same mistakes. ( ) A continuously repeat B continuously repeated C are continuously repeating D continuously repeating 答案:C 解析：现在进行体和表示高频率的副词always，constantly，continually，continuously，all the time等连用时，失去了表示暂时性的语义含义，而经常被用来表示一种独特的习惯。答案为C。 5. Then you will come to a level plain, in which the Nile ____ round an island named Tachompso. ( ) A flows B flow C is flowing D flowing 答案:A 解析：表示客观事实用一般现在时。句意为：然后你会来到一个平坦的平原；在那里，尼罗河环绕一座名叫Tachompso的岛屿而流。答案为A。 6. He _______ hurt last year early in the playoffs and never came back. ( ) A got B were
2017年4月高等教育自学考试 税法试题 课程代码：00233 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分) 1、关于税法地位的说法，正确的是( ) A、税法属于经济法体系中的二级子部门法 B、税法属于民法体系中的二级子部门法 C、税法属于行政法体系中的二级子部门法 D、税法属财政法体系中的二级子部门法 2、国务院主管财政收支、财税政策和国有资本金基础工作的宏观调控部门是( ) A、财政部 B、国家税务总局 C、人力资源和社会保障部 D、国家发展和改革委员会 3、我国中央政府与地方政府共享的税收收入是( ) A、消费税 B、资源税 C、房产税 D、土地增值税 4、某家电商场向某科研所销售空调20台，送货上门并安装调试，每台收取安装劳务费100元。对家电商场的该项业务应征收( ) A、增值税 B、营业税 C、销售空调征增值税，安装劳务不征税 D、销售空调征增值税，安装劳务征营业税
5、依法应增值税的事项是( ) A、房地产开发公司销售房产 B、煤气公司供应管道煤气 C、保险公司提供财产保险 D、某酒店提供喜宴酒席 6、某运输公司，增值税一般纳税人，提供可货运输业务。其业务适用的增值税税率是( ) A、2% B、6% C、11% D、13% 7、一般纳税人销售应税消费品时，如果开具的是普通发票，在计算消费税时，其销售额的换算公式是( )A、含增值税的销售额/(1+增值税税率) B、含增值税的销售额/(1-增值税税率) C、含增值税的销售额/(1+消费税税率) D、含增值税的销售额/(1-消费税税率) 8、免征消费税的是( ) A、生产应税消费品 B、委托加工应税消费品 C、进口应税消费品 D、出口应税消费品 9、依法可以享受企业所得税减半征收优惠的项目是( ) A、从事蔬菜种植所得 B、从事板蓝根种植所得 C、从事牡丹花种植所得 D、从事油料植物种植所得 10、符合条件的小型微利企业，征收企业所得税的适用税率是( ) A、15% B、18% C、20% D、25%
2017年4月《中国近现代史纲要》 一、单项选择题 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出。 1.1840年鸦片战争前，中国社会的性质是（）。 A．奴隶社会 B．封建社会 C．半殖民地半封建社会 D．资本主义社会 【答案】B 【解析】以1840年鸦片战争为标志，中国由封建社会逐步演变为半殖民地半封建社会。鸦片战争是中国近代史的开端。所以1840年鸦片战争之前，中国的社会性质是封建社会。 2.鸦片战争后，提出“师夷长技以制夷”思想的是（）。 A．龚自珍 B．林则徐 C．魏源 D．王韬 【答案】C 【解析】1843年，魏源在《四洲志》的基础上编纂了《海国图志》，综述世界各国历史、地理及中国应采取的对外政策，提出“师夷长技以制夷”思想，主张学习外国先进的军事和科学技术，以期国家富强来抵御侵略。 3.洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂的是（）。 A．同文馆 B．广方言馆 C．译书局 D．译书馆 【答案】A 【解析】1862年奕?创办京师同文馆，是洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂；1863年李鸿章在上海创办广方言馆。 4.1911年，在保路运动中规模最大、斗争最激烈的省份是（）。 A．湖北 B．湖南 C．广东 D．四川
【答案】D 【解析】1911年5月清政府宣布“铁路干线收归国有”，并将粤汉、川汉铁路的路权出卖给帝国主义，引起湖北、湖南、广东、四川反对，保路运动兴起，四川尤其强烈。 5.中国历史上第一步具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典是（）。 A．《中华民国临时约法》 B．《钦定宪法大纲》 C．《中华民国约法》 D．《中华民国宪法》 【答案】A 【解析】1912年3月，临时参议院颁布《中华民国临时约法》，这是中国历史上第一部具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典。 6.中国共产党第一次明确提出反帝反封建民主革命纲领的会议是（）。 A．中共一大 B．中共二大 C．中共三大 D．中共四大 【答案】B 【解析】1922年7月，党的二大在上海召开。中共二大在中国近现代历史上第一次明确提出了彻底的反帝反封建的革命纲领，为中国革命指明了方向。 7.1927年国民党南京政权建立后，官僚资本的垄断活动首先和主要是从（）。A．金融业方面开始 B．商业方面开始 C．轻工业方面开始 D．重工业方面开始 【答案】A 【解析】1927年国民党在全国的统治建立以后，官僚买办资本急剧地膨胀起来。官僚资本的垄断活动，首先和主要的是在金融业方面开始的。 8.1935年1月，中国共产党召开的具有历史转折意义的会议是（）。 A．八七会议 B．古田会议 C．遵义会议 D．洛川会议 【答案】C 【解析】1935年1月15～17日，中共中央政治局在遵义召开扩大会议。集中全力解决当时具有决定意义的军事和组织问题。遵义会议在危急情况下挽救了党、
自考《现代英语语法》总结 Chapter One 1.What are the four major types of sentence and what discourse functions are they normally associated with? Statements are normally associated with declaratives and primarily concerned with giving information. Questions are associated with interrogatives and primarily concerned with requiring information. Commands are associated with imperatives and primarily concerned with requiring actions. Exclamations are associated with exclamatives and primarily concerned with expressing the speaker’s impression of something. 2.What are the verbs which transferred negation often occurs with? What is their shared semantic feature? The verbs which transferred negation often occurs with are: think, believe, suppose imagine and expect. They are the verbs that express “opinion”. 3.Explain the differences between a tag question with a final rising tone and one with a final falling tone. With a rising tone, the question expresses the speaker’s neutral expectation of the hearer’s response and invites the hearer to verify the truth of the proposition in the statement. With a falling one, the speaker asks for the hearer’s confirmation of the statement. It can be regarded as similar to an exclamation. Chapter 4 4.Can the definite article be used for generic reference and the indefinite article for specific reference? If they can, give one example for each use. The definite article can be used for generic reference. For example, the panda is a rare animal. The panda here still denotes the whole species. The indefinite artic le can also be used for specific reference. For example, a dog chained at me when I was on my way home last night. Here a dog points to a particular, actual example of the class. Here “a”shows indefinite specific reference. 5.What are some of the constraints that the double genitive is subject to? The second noun in the double genitive almost always refers to persons, never to objects, and the first noun usually has indefinite reference (typically premodified by the indefinite article and the second noun is always definite.) Chapter 5 6.Why do most contemporary English grammarians adopt a two-tense system? Because tense is a verb form. Morphologically only present tense and past tense have their forms of verbs. A language which has no verb forms has no tense. 7.If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to? When ten points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect “reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time.” 8.Why is the past tense often used for politeness? Because the past tense can make a question or a statement or a suggestion less direct. It is more polite to use the past tense on the part of the speaker.
第一部分：引言 《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。 关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。 在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。 其实，两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。 所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。 现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。 我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中，我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题，以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。 先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构；每年考试形式基本相同，有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅，这里各部分只选取几个样题) The Pre-course Quiz I、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given: 1. In the end, he __________. a. got invited b. gets invited c. was invited d. was to be invited 2. Do what I tell you --__________! a. or else b. or so c. and that d. and do 3. __________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class. a. To work hard as he did b. Working hard as he did c. Work hard as he did d. Worked hard as he did 4._____ there be life on Mars? (p171) a. May b. Can c. Might d. Ought 5.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?(p263) a. to b. or c. and d. here 6.You _____ be shocked at the news.(p168) a. should well b. must well c. may well d. can well 7. You have to wait a minute, ______? a. haven't you b. do you c. don't you d. shouldn't you 8. Staying in hotel cost ________ renting a room in a dormitory for a week. a. twice as much b. twice as much as c. as much as twice d. twice than 9. I don't think she meant_________ you. (p206) a. hurt b. to hurt c. hurting d. be hurt 10. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now. a. Had... wouldn't have done b. Had... wouldn't be doing c. If... wouldn't do d. If... wouldn't be doing II.多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分） Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below: a, the, any, some, all 1. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment. 2. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have had a. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around. b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake. 3. seem, seems, me, I, mine Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____. (p59) 4. less, less of, than, as, like Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee. (p237) III.填空题（本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分） Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator: 1. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten. 2. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary. 3. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting. 4. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer. Fill in the blanks with proper words: 5.I like Australia best _______ all the English-speaking countries. 6.I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.(p251) IV.改错题（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分） Correct errors in the following sentences: 1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man. 2. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning. 3.The all of Paris welcomed the general. (p79) 4. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others. 5. None of my parents are interested in my idea. (p344) V.改写句子（本大题共14小题，每题2分，共28分） Rewrite the following sentences as required: 1. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much. 2. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding. https://www.doczj.com/doc/2f9279789.html,bine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:(p289) My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all. 4.Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive