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分散注意力 的 谬 误 ( F a l l a c i e s of D i s t r a c t i o n )为多于一个答案的问题提供不足（通常两个）的选择，即是隐藏了一些选择，最典型的表现是非黑即白观点除正邪之争外，还有邪邪之争及许多难分正邪的纷争，所以不能单以萨达姆邪恶便认定美军正义总有些事是既不能否定，亦不能肯定的。
除了肯定和否定，我们还可以存疑吧！错谬：不合理使用连串因果关系例子：迟到的学生要判死刑。
因为迟到是不用功的表现；将来工作也不勤力；不勤力导致公司损失；公司损失就会倒闭；公 司倒闭会使人失业；失业造成家庭问题；家庭问题导致自杀率上升，为了防止自杀率上升，我们应判迟到的学生死刑。
解释：滑坡谬误中假定了连串 “可能性 ”为“必然性”。
比方说，迟到是否 “必然”是不用功的表现？将来工作又是否 “必然”不勤力？答案可想而知。
例子虽然夸张，但其实许多时候大家亦会犯相同错误而不自知。
复合问题( Complex Question )错谬：一条问题内包含两个无关的重点。
例子：你还有没有干那非法勾当？（你有干非法勾当吗？是否还有继续？）解释：简单的一句提问，其实隐藏了两个问题。
你给予其中一条问题的答案，并不一定和另外一条的一样。
例如你有干非法 勾当，但未必等于你还有继续。
诉诸其他支持( Appeals to Motives in Place of Support )诉诸势力( Appeal to Force )错谬：以势力服人两难推理（ False Dilemma )例子：萨达姆是邪恶的，所以美军是正义之师诉诸无知（ From Ignorance ) 错谬：因为不能否定，所以必然肯定，反之亦然 例子： 没有人能证明鬼不存在，那么鬼肯定存在 滑坡谬误（ Slippery Slope )错谬： 解释： 解释：例子：若你不想被解雇，你必须认同公司的制度解释：这是以工作机会强迫员工认同制度，员工不是依据制度好坏来决定认同与否。
逻辑谬误英语作文乐队花车Title: Logical Fallacies in the English Essay on Parade Floats and Bands。
In discussing the topic of parade floats and marching bands, it's essential to maintain logical coherence to convey a compelling argument. However, it's not uncommonfor logical fallacies to sneak into essays, undermining the effectiveness of the writer's message. In this essay, we'll explore various logical fallacies that may arise in discussions about parade floats and bands.1. Ad Hominem: This fallacy occurs when the writer attacks the character or personal traits of those who hold opposing views rather than addressing the substance of the argument. For instance, stating that a particular band's performance is terrible because the conductor is unattractive would be an ad hominem fallacy.2. False Dilemma: Also known as black-and-whitethinking, this fallacy presents only two options when more exist. For example, arguing that parade floats are either entirely traditional or entirely modern neglects the possibility of a blend of both styles.3. Hasty Generalization: Drawing a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence characterizes this fallacy. An example would be asserting that all marching bands from a certain region lack talent based on a single performance.4. Appeal to Tradition: This fallacy argues that a practice or belief must be valid because "it's always been done that way." For instance, claiming that a particular float design is superior simply because it's been used for decades overlooks the potential for innovation.5. Appeal to Authority: Relying on the opinion of an authority figure rather than on evidence is an appeal to authority fallacy. If an essay asserts that a certain band is excellent because a celebrity said so without providing any further evidence, it commits this fallacy.6. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc: Latin for "after this, therefore because of this," this fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second. For instance, arguing that the presence of a specific float led to increased attendance at a parade without considering other factors would be a post hoc fallacy.7. Straw Man: This fallacy misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack. For example, claiming that those who advocate for more modern parade floats wantto eliminate all traditional elements misrepresents the nuanced position of modernization advocates.8. Bandwagon Fallacy: This fallacy argues that because something is popular or widely believed, it must be correct. Claiming that a particular band is excellent solely because it has a large fan base commits this fallacy.9. Circular Reasoning: This occurs when the writer restates the argument rather than providing evidence to support it. For example, asserting that a parade float isthe best because it's the most popular without offering reasons why it's popular engages in circular reasoning.Avoiding these logical fallacies is crucial for constructing a persuasive and intellectually honest essay on parade floats and marching bands. By critically evaluating arguments and evidence, writers can create more compelling and convincing narratives that engage readers and promote meaningful dialogue.。
逻辑与谬误英语作文英文回答：Logic and fallacies are two important concepts in critical thinking and reasoning. Logic refers to thecorrect reasoning or thinking process, while fallacies are errors in reasoning that can lead to false conclusions.One common fallacy is the ad hominem fallacy, where someone attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself. For example, if someone says, "You can't trust John's opinion on climate change because he's a terrible person," they are committing an ad hominem fallacy. This type of fallacy is often used in arguments when someone can't refute the actual points being made.Another common fallacy is the slippery slope fallacy, where someone argues that one thing will inevitably lead to another, usually extreme, outcome. For example, if someonesays, "If we allow same-sex marriage, next people will want to marry animals," they are using a slippery slope fallacy. This type of fallacy is often used to scare people into agreeing with a certain point of view.On the other hand, logic is the foundation of sound reasoning. It involves constructing valid arguments based on evidence and sound reasoning. For example, if someone says, "All men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal," they are using a logical argument based on the principle of deductive reasoning.In conclusion, understanding logic and being able to identify fallacies are crucial skills in critical thinking. By recognizing fallacies and using logic in our arguments, we can avoid making errors in reasoning and arrive at more accurate conclusions.中文回答：逻辑和谬误是批判性思维和推理中的两个重要概念。
