2019年中国海洋大学963综合英语A考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题

一九年考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2019 postgraduate entrance examination English test questions and answers are significant resources for candidates preparing for the exam. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the exam questions, along with the corresponding answers, in order to assist candidates in their preparations.Section 1 - Reading Comprehension:The reading comprehension section of the 2019 postgraduate entrance examination English test focuses on the understanding of long passages. The passages cover a wide range of topics, including literature, social sciences, and natural sciences. The questions are designed to test the candidate's ability to comprehend the main idea of the passage, infer information, and understand the author's tone and purpose.In this section, candidates are required to read the passage carefully and answer the questions accordingly. It is essential to pay attention to keywords, such as "according to the passage," "based on the information given," etc., as they provide important clues for answering the questions correctly.Section 2 - Cloze Test:The cloze test section aims to evaluate a candidate's grasp of English vocabulary and grammar. In this section, a passage is presented with several missing words or phrases. Candidates are required to choose the most appropriate options to fill in the gaps.To excel in this section, candidates should have a good understanding of contextual clues, collocations, and common idiomatic expressions. Additionally, a comprehensive knowledge of grammar rules and vocabulary is crucial for achieving high scores in this section.Section 3 - Error Correction:The error correction section tests a candidate's grammatical accuracy in English writing. The sentences in this section contain grammatical errors that need to be identified and corrected.To perform well in this section, candidates should possess a deep understanding of English grammar rules, including verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, sentence structure, and word usage. Moreover, candidates must develop the ability to identify and correct various types of grammatical errors, such as misused words, punctuation mistakes, and faulty sentence structures.Section 4 - Translation:The translation section evaluates a candidate's ability to translate Chinese sentences into English. The sentences in this section cover a variety of topics and require candidates to demonstrate their understanding of both languages' idiomatic expressions and syntactic structures.To excel in this section, candidates should have a mastery of vocabulary, grammar, and idiomatic expressions in both English and Chinese. Moreover, candidates must possess excellent comprehension skills in order to accurately convey the meaning and nuances of the original Chinese sentences in English.Conclusion:The 2019 postgraduate entrance examination English test is a crucial component of the overall examination. By familiarizing themselves with the exam format and practicing with previous years' questions, candidates can enhance their English language skills and improve their performance in the exam. It is important for candidates to develop a consistent study plan, focusing on reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and translation skills in order to achieve success in the exam.Disclaimer: This article is for reference purposes only. The authenticity of the mentioned questions and answers is not guaranteed. Candidates are advised to consult official sources and past year papers for the most accurate and up-to-date information.。

2019考研英语一真题及参考答案Introduction:The2019English exam paper for the Graduate Record Examination (GRE)contains a variety of questions that test the candidates1understanding and proficiency in the English language.This article will provide an overview of the exam,as well as a detailed analysis of the questions and suggested answers.Let's explore the exam together.Section1:Reading ComprehensionIn this section,candidates are required to read several passages and answer questions based on the content.The passages cover a wide range of topics,including literature,history,science,and social issues.Here are the summaries of the passages:Passage1:The Influence of Technology on EducationThis passage discusses the impact of technology on the educational system.It highlights the advantages and challenges of incorporating technology into classrooms,such as increasing access to educational resources while facing concerns about distractions and privacy issues.Passage2:The Benefits of BilingualismThe second passage explores the benefits of being bilingual.It emphasizes the positive effects of bilingualism on cognitive ability,as well as the advantages it brings to individuals in the job market and intercultural communication.Passage3:The Importance of SleepThis passage focuses on the significance of sleep.It examines the effects of sleep deprivation on individuals1physical and mental health,as well as the importance of establishing healthy sleep patterns and routines.Section2:Sentence Equivalence and Text CompletionThis section tests candidates1vocabulary and grammar skills.It requires them to complete sentences with appropriate words or select words that are equivalent in meaning to a given word.Here are two examples:Sentence Equivalence:The widespread use of social media has both and negative effects on society.Possible answers:positive,beneficial,detrimentalText Completion:The company's success can be attributed to its strong and innovative products.Possible answers:leadership,teamwork,marketing strategiesSection3:Analytical WritingThe analytical writing section prompts candidates to write an essay expressing their opinion or analyzing a given argument.It requires clear and logical thinking,as well as effective writing skills.Here are the two topics: Essay1:Discuss the pros and cons of online shopping.Suggested structure:introduction,advantages of online shopping, disadvantages of online shopping,conclusion.Essay2:Analyze the argument that public transportation should be free for all citizens.Suggested structure:introduction,argument analysis,supporting examples,counterarguments,conclusion.Conclusion:In conclusion,the2019GRE English exam assesses candidates1 comprehensive understanding of the language through reading comprehension,sentence equivalence,text completion,and analytical writing sections.By understanding the format and content of the exam, candidates can better prepare themselves and improve their chances of success.Good luck to all future GRE test-takers!。

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语一》真题及答案Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C,D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Today,we live in a world where GPS systems,digital maps,and other navigation apps are all available on our smart phones.1of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone.But phones2on batteries,and batteries can die faster than were alize.3you get lost without a phone or a compass,and you4can't find north,a few tricks may help you navigate5to civilization,one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well6a trail,but not in a completely7 area,you have to answer two questions:Which8is downhill,in this particular area?And where is the nearest water source?Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water.9,if you head downhill,and follow any H20you find,you should10see signs of people.If you've explored the area before,keep an eye out for familiar sights-you may be11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another12:Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.13,even in dense forest,you should be able to14gaps in the tree line due to roads,train tracks,and other paths people carve 15the woods.Head toward these16to find a way out.At night scan the horizon for17light sources,such as fires and streetlights,then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18,assuming you're lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the19we leave on the landscape.Trail blazes,tire tracks, and other features can20you to civilization.1.【完形填空】第1题答案是_____.A.SomeB.MostC.FewD.All正确答案：C参考解析：此题考查词义辨析和上下文语境。

Final English Exam for Master Candidates ( 工B )(January 2021)Part I Listening prehension (25%)Section A Short Conversations (5%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) and then decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. He doesn’t like the woman, so he doesn’t want to see her.B. He is shy to meet the woman because he doesn’t know what to sayC. He is busy with his work and wants to spend the time reading.D. He prefers being alone to being alone to being with other people.2. A. She cannot use her puter to meet her deadlines.B. Busy phone lines means she has to call the secretary.C. She has to call tech support for help.D. She needs to take a deep breath, she feels sick.3. A. Go shopping for cooler clothes.B. Look to see how much energy we use.C. Buy and use energy efficient appliances.D. Enjoy the warmer weather.4. A. Vegetables that are grown in dirt are organic.B. Vegetables grown in a greenhouse garden.C. Vegetables that are more expensive than other vegetables.D. Vegetables grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers.5. A. Because the class was better than her classmate expected.B. Because she wants to use the puter.C. She is excited to be taking biology.D. Because the puter is stranger to her than the microscope.6. A. It doesn’t want to spend money now.B. It doesn’t think it needs to clean up.C. It doesn’t care about air pollution.D. It thinks only poor areas are polluted.7. A. Because he is going to Laos next summer on a bike.B. Because he will ride a bicycle over mountains and it’s dangerous.C. Because he hates to sit still while on vocation.D. Because he will rest himself on this adventure.8. A. Because if we believe intelligence is inherited, nothing else matters.B. Because their parents didn’t choose the right marriage partners.C. Because we have never cared about our children’s environments.D. Because all children will get a good environment at their home.9. A. He can wear jeans to work.B. He has to dress up at work.C. He can wear shorts to work.D. He has to wear a T-shirt.10. A. Low gravity environments are easier to find.B. Natural places for research are easier to find.C. Very clean environments are easier to find.D. Strong fields of gravity are easier to find.Section B Passages (10%)Directions: Listen to the following two passages. Each passage is followed by FIVE statements. Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on the answer sheet.Passage 11.Researchers fit polar bears with radar so they can monitor the effect of global warming on them.2.Polar bears e to land earlier this spring because they have developed enough fat reserves tosurvive.3.Polar bears are particularly selected for study because they can be followed for many years whichhelp researchers get deeper insight into what is happening.4.The objective of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change is to call on developing countries toreduce the carbon emission.5.It is hard for polar bears to reproduce due to global warming.Passage 26.mercial and recreational fisheries contribute $ 80 billion to the U.S. economy every year.7.To maintain a sustainable and disease-free seafood supply is a national priority because it hasimpacts on ocean environment.8.Scientists are researching new ways to improve aquaculture practices to reduce people’sdemand of wild fish.9.Some technologies are applied to forecast the potential disease that might attack fish to protectthe health of public.10.The genetic make-up of bacteria that might hit seafood is teased apart by scientists in order toprovide us with more nutritious seafood.Section C pound Dictation (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 8 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 9 to 11 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Analysts at the U.S. Census Bureau have a (1)_______forecast for America’s population in 2050, when today’s 25 year-olds will be knocking on the door of age 65.If (2)_________ hold, not only will there be more than TWICE as many people 65-and-over in(3)______numbers as there are now, but their percentage of the population will jump from 12 percent today to 21 percent. That means more than one in five Americans at mid-century will be what we call "senior citizens." And if current demographic trends continue, a much greater (4)_______ of the nation’s elderly will be Hispanic, African-American and Asian-American.Linda Jacobsen at the Population Reference Bureau, a private (5)_____ that helps make sense of demographic data, helped us sort out the (6)________.Primarily, she says, in 2050 a whole lot more people 65 and older will be on the job outside the home. In part, that’s because many more than today will be well educated and in (7)____ health, and will simply WANT to keep working.Others won’t have a choice, since they won’t be able to get Social Security benefits as the (8)_______age keeps rising—quite possibly to 70 or beyond by 2050. And as private panies cut costs, (9)_________________________________________________________ .Today, women more often than men are the ones who stay home to care for Mom and Dad in their last years —while men contributemoney to their elders’ care.But in 2050, (10)___________________________________________________________________ .So, Linda Jacobsen points out, young Americans had better be saving money right now in the increasing likelihood they’ll have to care for themselves in their advanced years.But, (11) ______________________________________________________________________________ . In 2050, Americans who are 65 may be considered "middle-aged." By then, only what demographers today call the "oldest old" —the 85-and-over crowd —will be thought of as truly "old."Part IIVocabulary(15%)Section ADirections: There are 20 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that can best plete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The Sex Discrimination Act has not ____ discrimination in employment.A.MaintainedB. expelledC. eliminatedD. recovered2.To guarantee the pany’s success, our Directors developed and ____ stringent policies.A.carried aboutB. carried forwardC. implementsD. implementedA.provenanceB. originalC. measuresD. donor4.The British police have no ____ over foreign bank account.A.eliminationB. constraintC. incumbentD. jurisdiction5. Amid the _____ job market blues, this is the kind of report that gets my attention.A. persuasiveB. pervasiveC. persuadingD. permanent6. We seek to harness progress in science and technology to ensure effective disaster preparedness and _____.A. intensityB. severityC. excuseD. mitigation7. Asians are right to be proud of their region’s ____ in the global financial crisis.A. resilienceB. occurrenceC. propertyD. deformation8. Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts ____________ quality, technology and service.A. in terms ofB. with regarding toC. as toD. in that9. China reaffirmed that it is not looking at pursuing a ____ trade surplus with the United States.A. substanceB. substantialC. subversiveD. subjective10. Tax revenues have ____ significantly due to a severe recession and tax changing policy choices.A. inclinedB. declinedC. being declinedD. been inclining11. Nobody could b elieve the politician’s ____________A. fishing timeB. crying stinking fishC. fishing in troubled waterD. fish story12. The sea became rougher and the boat rolled from side to side; many passengers began to look__.A. in low waterB. in hot waterC. going by the boardD. white about the gills13. With only half an hour to get everything ready, we’ll need _______ if we want to win the victoryA. all hands to the pumpsB. fish in troubled watersC. go by the boardD. miss the boat14. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used mercial _____ agent.A. bleachingB. vulnerableC. actingD. breaching15. Because human skin has weak ____, so that we can protect the skin, prevent the bacteria.A. acidB. acidityC. substanceD. illness16. These small _____ fishes live in open waters and usually consume a variable mix of phytoplankton and both herbivorous and carnivorous zooplankton.A. biotinB. molluskC. pelagicD. bivalve17. Marine construction technology like this is very plex, somewhat ___________ to trying to build a bridge under water.A. ameliorateB. analogousC. judiciousD. stringent18. China currently has 11 active actors, _____________ pared with the 104 in the U.S., according tothe International Atomic EnergyA. a drop in the oceanB. batten down the hatchesC. go by the boardD. fishing in troubled waters19. I must move to a larger house or spend money extending this one; either will be expensive, so I am ____.A. between the devil and the deep blue seaB. at seaC. any port in a stormD. over head and ears20. We are now striving hard to establish a ______ parliamentary democracy.A. opaqueB. transparentC. understandingD. aboveboardSection BDirection: plete the following sentences with proper prefixes.1.Loyal armed forces launched a ___-attack against the rebels.A.counterB. upC. homoD. sub2.Somali government forces have failed to ___due militiamen who refuse to recognize governmentauthority in the south of the capital Mogadishu.A.BioB. subC. disD. counter3.The term "__graph〞is a word that is spelt like another word but has a different meaning fromit, and may have a different pronunciation.A.bioB. upC. homoD. sub.4.In some parts of the world, ____gamy is still allowed, which is unfair to women.A.polyB. microC. subD. out5.Although invisible to the human eye, the virus can be seen clearly when examined under a___scope.A.subB. polyC. microD. out6.If you are ___head in your work or achievements, you have made more progress than youexpected to and are performing well.A. aB. enC. overD. in7.It stressed that the government would go on with its task to protect its citizens, ___arm terroristsand hold accountable the perpetrators of terrorist acts.A.inB. overC. enD. dis8.This may result in lessons which are too easy, ___relevant, or otherwise inappropriate, as theresearch suggest.A.irB. nonC. multiD. over9. A __cultural approach to language learning in education is quite useful.A.overB. ecoC. nonD. multi10.It is the work of forensic scientists to examine the physical evidence, and using the methods ofscience, to ___construct the events that constituted the crime.A.overB. unC. re d. coPart III Reading prehension (25%)Section OneDirections:There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneTraditional media may be declining in much of the rich world, but in poor countries it is booming. The growth in private media in developing countries has spurred much of the demand, as has new technology. That is stoking journalism training in far-flung places, in many shapes and sizes. They range from full degree programmes to the short-term specialist training offered widely across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Groups offering such courses include the BBC World Service Trust, the Reuters and Thomson Foundations, the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and Internews Network, a media-development charity based in America.These days the donors are particularly interested in niches, such as investigative reporting and science writing. But that approach sometimes fails. The need for basic reporting skills is still central. Trainers stress the need for flexibility. Participants in the courses praise the results, while plaining about the lack of focus and co-ordination among some providers. Shapi Shacinda, the Reuters correspondent in Zambia and chairman of the press club in the capital, Lusaka, says that foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage. Previously, news stories used to be taken straight from officials' statements, he says.But governments are harder to teach. Encouraging students to probe sensitive topics may threaten their lives or livelihoods. An Iraqi journalist trained by and working with the IWPR was shot dead earlier this year. Just this week, Zambia's minister of information asserted that state-run media should not criticize the government. In Russia, an organization founded by Internews has been closed by the authorities, who were apparently suspicious of its American backing. Rich-country governments can be a problem too. Some try to influence the "messages〞that trainers deliver, for example by insisting that their diplomats talk to classes on a regular basis. The big training groups insist that they control their own content. Blurring the boundaries can be dangerous both for journalists and the programmes that support them, he notes. But others may be less choosy.More is not always better. Quality varies wildly. Places like Bangladesh and Rwanda have been showered with training in recent years. Gratitude is mixed with the wish for better co-ordination. David Okwemba of Kenya's The Nation newspaper, who also helps train journalists, bemoans(哀叹) overlap between courses and providers' failure to share information.Some courses aspire loftily to build democratic societies through a free press. The BBC trust says it aims to give a say to the mon man by holding institutions—public and private—to account. Such arange of goals makes measuring results difficult. Teaching how to point a camera or write a news story may be easy pared to raising awareness of broader issues such as HIV/AIDS.Many old news hands laugh at the notion of formal journalism education. A well-stocked and inquiring mind plus sharp writing skills are the main assets, they reckon. But even the most grey-haired veterans of rich-world journalism still seem glad to earn extra money tutoring new hands in poor countries.1. Traditional media is booming in poor countries because of the following reasons except_____A. the private media is developing at a fast pace.B. the new technology provides technical foundation.C. there are many journalism trainings in various shapes and sizes.D. the demand for traditional media has been in steady increase.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the present training in those poor countries"A. The trainers are paying more attention on skills of investigative reporting and science writing.B. The courses are mostly extensive rather than being intensive.C. The training puts emphasis on the flexibility of basic reporting skills.D. Some trainees are satisfactory with the training courses while some are plaining.3. Shapi Shacinda think foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage because_____A. there is a conservative tradition of news reporting in these countries.B. the foreign-backed training is skeptical about the previous news stories in these countries.C. there exist some problems in the concept of news report in these countries.D. the governments order that news stories should be taken from officials’ statements.4. From the third paragraph, it can be inferred that Shapi Shacinda thinks_____A. the training is in short of teaching the tactics to deal with different government.B. it is still mon for governments of less-developed countries to interfere with journalism.C. the training had better not involve itself into unnecessary disputes.D. the training should stress more on journalism independence from the government. 5．Towards the journalism training, the attitudes of veterans of journalism can be said to be _____A. critical.B. despicable.C. inconsistent.D. supportive.Passage 2When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to wealthy students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories" Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular--in which a student mits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so paring awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is apossible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for parison shopping e springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this fall's freshman class. Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "If they aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. "Move on and set some new goals."Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to improve her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores didn't hurt, either) and was accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number of schools," she admits, "but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was an instinctive reaction."If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaning you can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision"A. Early decision is a mon strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.B. Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.C. Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.D. Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____A. students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.B. it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.C. it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.D. it excludes students who want to have parison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that____A. early decision is not so advantageous as people think.B. students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.C. students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.D. students should not limit themselves in early decision.4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____A. she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.B. the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.C. she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.D. her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____A. applying to early action.B. applying to rolling admissions.C. applying to early decision.D. applying single-choice early action.Passage 3The U.N.-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)report released today in Brussels has a familiar ring. As the climate disasters headlined recently—intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, Arctic thawing (融化)—bee monplace in a greenhouse world, plants, animals, and people will suffer.That has been the presumption, but the latest report from the IPCC projecting greenhouse impacts calculates mounting costs that will fall the heaviest on the world’s poor. February’s IPCC report on the physical science of climate firmly lin ks most of the recent warming of the world to human activity.Scientists authoring the second report had a tougher challenge: figuring out the likely consequences. To do that, they considered 29,000 datasets from 75 studies. Of those data series, 89% showed change—receding glaciers or earlier blooming, for example—consistent with a response to warming.Because those responses usually occurred where the warming has been greatest, the scientists concluded that it’s "very unlikely" the changes were due to natural variability of climate or of the system involved. "For the first time, we concluded anthropogenic (人类起源的) warming has had an influence on many physical and biological systems," says Cynthia Rosenzweig of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, a coordinating lead author on the report.The IPCC scientists also projected the effects of future warming.Assuming that nothing is done to slow greenhouse emissions, the February report predicted a temperature increase of roughly 3℃toward the end of the century, drying at lower latitudes, more precipitation at higher latitudes, and rising sea levels. "This report finds that such a warming will bleach most coral reefs by mid-century), drying will begin decreasing crop yields at lower latitudes within a few decades, and sea level rise and tropical cvclone intensification will increase the likelihood of millions of people being flooded out each year on river mega-deltas such as that of the Ganges-Brahmaputra in southern Asia.Bottom line" "You don’t want to be poor and living on a river delta or the Florida coast," says climate scientist Stephen Schneider of Stanford University, a coordinating lead author. The poor—especially subsistence (生存) farmers—tend to be more vulnerable to climate change, notes the report. And they are least able to adapt, say by building levees (堤坝) against storms or dams for irrigation. Schneider’s other advice: "Try not to go over 2℃ or 3℃ because that triggers the really nasty stuff. With that much warming, the bad effects of this century only get worse, and the rare benefits, such as higher crop yields in wetter areas, fade.1．According to the first paragraph, the IPCC report______.A．sounds familiar to peopleB．has bee monplaceC．warns people of climate disastersD．has been presumed long before2．The latest IPCC report focuses on______.A．the likelihood that plants, animals, and people will sufferB．the heaviest costs of greenhouse impacts on the poor peopleC．the devastating climate disasters resulting from global warmingD．intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, and Arctic thawing3. Many data series show that climate changes, such as Arctic thawing, ______．A．are a response to anthropogenic warmingB．result from the natural variability of climateC．influence many physical and biological systemsD．bring about tougher challenges to people4. According to IPCC scientists, the effects of future warming may include______A．bleaching all coral reefs by mid-centuryB．higher crop yields in wetter areasC．more precipitation at lower latitudesD．numerous people in coastal areas being flooded out5. The authors of the IPCC report believe that______．A．the bottom line is not to live on a river deltaB．being richer is less vulnerable to climate changeC．something worse mayarise from global warmingD．the warming of the temperature can bring higher crop yieldsSection Two信息匹配题10个statement匹配10个段落。

研究生英语学位课统考真题：Part II. Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)21. The focus on profitability pushes the systems unreasonably large, rendering them more vulnerable to terrorist attacks.A declaringB verifyingC makingD indicating22. The 8.5-ton Shenzhou III spaceship has been substantially improved in terms of the life-support systems.A technologicallyB considerablyC structurallyD internally23. According to the American judicial system twelve people constitute a jury.A composeB overthrowC disposeD surpass24. With so many trivial matters to attend to, he can hardly get down to reading for the test.A participate inB cater toC indulge inD see to25. The decently dressed son and the humble-looking father formed a striking contrast.A astonishingB humiliatingC noticeableD fleeting.26. Nowadays the prevention against SARS has assumed new significance and attracted much attention.A carried onB taken onC worked onD embarked on27. At the economic forum, each speech by a distinguished guest has to be translated simultaneously.A once in a whileB at the same timeC in a broad senseD as soon as possible.28. Studies of the role of positive thinking in our daily lives have yielded interesting results.A specific=definiteB activeC creativeA proficiencyB graspC efficiency30. Students are supposed to set aside enough time for recreations and sports.A set apartB leave outC go aboutD put upSection B (0.5 point each)31. Some of the old customs has continued ____ politeness although they are no longer thought about now.A in the way ofB in the eyes ofC in the face ofD in the form of32. One of the chief functions of slang words is to consolidate one’s ___ with a group.A identificationB specificationC introductionD superstition33. Given the other constitutional grounds elaborated by the justices, the association ____ that schools should continue to test, if they so choose.A preserveB safeguards B maintains D conserves34. Finding out information about these universities has become amazingly easy for any one with the Internet ____A entranceB admissionC accessD involvement35. Lack of exercise as well as unhealthy dietary habits can increase the risk of ____A mobilityB moralityC maturityD mortality36. On this bridge many suicide attempts are ____; lives can be saved.A impulsiveB responsiveC destructiveD speculative37. Abraham Lincoln was born on a small farm where the forests were ____ by wild animals.A residedB inhabitedC segregatedD exhibited38. Some teenagers are so crazy about video games as to play them many hours________, ifpossible.A on purposeB on hand .C on creditD on end39. Authorities of wildlife have spent millions of dollars on the protection of nature ____A reservesB preservativesC conservativesD reservations.40. The young lady is Mr. Smith’s step-daughter, her ____ parents having died in an accident.A ecologicalB psychologicalC physiologicalD biologicalPart III. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 1 point each)No one knows for sure whether the type of tea (you drink) makes a difference in health, but experts say all kinds of teas probably have some health 41 . Each contains high levels of antioxidants (抗氧化剂), 42 affect the process by which oxygen interacts with a substance to change its chemical 43 . But, the way (tea is processed) can change antioxidant levels 44 color and taste.Green tea is made by picking the leaves and quickly heating them to stop oxidization. Green tea typically has a 45 , fresh taste. Black tea is processed to fully oxidize and ferment (发酵) the leaves and create a stronger taste. Some experts suggest that this 46 some variation in health effects between black and green teas. The more rare white tea is considered the finest of teas because it 47 the youngest buds from the plants, which are still covered with whitish hairs when they’re picked. White and green teas have 48 amount of caffeine. But even black tea contain only about half as much caffeine as coffee.Herbal teas are something 49 different. They are made from the leaves, flowers or roots of various plants. Herbal teas can vary widely41. A advantages B benefits D profits42. A where it B that D when it43. A elements B ingredients D composition44. A as well as B as it is C as far as D as it were45. A faint B mild C tender D gentle46. A joins in B hands in C results in D gives in47. A composes of B makes out C makes up D consists of48. A less B the least C more D the most49. A entirely B inevitably C enormously D irresistibly50. A in case of B in proportion to C in exchange for D in terms ofPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 pint each)Passage OneSingletons, referring to those who live alone, are being comforted by well-meaning friends and family and told that not having a partner is not the end of the world. So, it would seem that they can say, yes, it is not. But no, in fact, it is the end.A gloomy study has just been released that says that the international trend towards living alone is putting an unprecedented strain on our ecosystem.For a number of reasons---- relationship breakdown, career choice, longer life spans, smaller families---- the number of individual households is growing. And this is putting intolerable pressure on natural resources, and accelerating the extinction of endangered plant and animal species. And there is worse news. Running a refrigerator, television, cooker, plumbing system just for selfish little you is a disastrous waste of resources on our over-populated planet. “The effic iency of resource consumption” is a lot higher in households of two people or more, simply because they share everything. Well imagine that . Just when you thought living alone was OK, you would findthat all the time you were the enemy of mankind. Every time you put the kettle on the stove for a cup of coffee you were destroying Mother Earth. Indeed, it is not just your mother who is a bit worried by your continuing single status ---- you are letting down the entire human race by not having a boyfriend or girlfriend. The trouble is that society has a group instinct and people panic and hit out when they see other people quietly rebelling and straying away from the “standard” of family and coupledom.The suggestion is that singledom should be at best a temporary state. Unless you are assimilated into a larger unit, you can never be fully functional.Try “communal living.” There are all these illustrations of young attractive people having a “green time,” laughingly bumping into each other. It looks l ike an episode of the TV series Friends. And the message is clear: Togetherness is good, solitude is bad, and being single on your own is not allowed.51. Well-meaning friends and family members often tell those who live alone that _____A they should end their singledom as soon as possible.B they should live together with other singletons.C singledom is an acceptable life-style.D singledom can shorten one’s life-span.52. Which of the following may NOT be the reason for the increasing number of households as mentioned in the passage?A Many people get divorced because of unhappy marriage.B Now people can afford to support a household individually.C Some people have to sacrifice family life for their careers.D Many people live much longer than before.53. The author thinks living alone is disastrous mainly because singledom is _________A harmful to people’s life.B destructive to our ecosystem.C dangerous to plants and animals.D unworkable in our society54. It is implied in the passage that singletons are usually _______A self-reliantB self-consciousC self-sufficientD self-centered55. When seeing others living alone, some people panic because they think singledom is ____A abnormalB diversifiedC unimaginableD disgusting56. The author suggests that singletons should ___________A find boy friends or girl friends.B live with their parents and other family members.C live together and share more with their friends.D watch more episodes of the TV series Friends.Passage TwoIn 1999 when MiShel and Carl Meissner decided to have children, they tackled the next big issue; Should they try to have a girl? It was no small matter. MiShel’s brother had become blind from a hereditary condition in his early 20s, and the Meissners had learned that the condition is a disorder passed from mothers to sons. If they had a boy, he would have a 50 percent chance of having the condition. A girl would be unaffected. The British couple’s inquiries about sex selection led them to Virginia, U.S., where a new sperm-separation technique, called MicroSort, was experimental at the time. When MiShel became pregnant she gave birth to a daughter. Now they will try to have a second daughter using the same technique.The techniques separates sperm into two groups--- those that carry the X-chromosome (染色体) producing a female baby and those that carry the Y-chromosome producing a male baby.The technology was developed in 1990s, but the opening of laboratory in January 2003 in California marked the company’s first expansion. “We believe the number of people who want this technology is greater than those who have access to it.” Said Keith L. Blauer, the company’s cl inical director.This is not only a seemingly effective way to select a child’s gender. It also brings a host of ethical and practical considerations ----especially for the majority of families who use the technique for nonmedical reasons.The clinic offers sex selection for two purposes: to help couples avoid passing on a sex-linked genetic disease and to allow those who already have a child to “balance” their family by having a baby of the opposite sex.Blaucer said the company has had an impressive success rate: 91 percent of the women who become pregnant after sorting for a girl are successful, while 76 percent who sort for a boy and get pregnant are successful.The technique separates sperm based on the fact that the X chromosome is larger than the Y chromosome. A machine is used to distinguished the size differences and sort the sperm accordingly.57. Why did MiShel and Carl decide not to have a boy?A Because they might give birth to a blind baby.B Because Carl might pass his family’s disease to his son.C Because the boy might become blind when he grows up.D Because they wanted a daughter to balance their family.58. When MiShel gave birth to her first girl, the new sperm-separation technique ____A had already been well-developed.B had not been declared successful.C was available to those who wanted it.D had been widely accepted in the medical world.59. Which of the following is the author’s primary concern regarding the applicati on of the new technology?A The expansion of the new technology may not bring profits to the companies.B Most people who use the technology will not have a baby as they want.C The effect of the new technology still needs to be carefully examined.D Increasing use of the technology may disturb the sex balance in the population60. According to Mr. Blauer, by using the new technology, ______A 91% of the women successfully give birth to girls.B 76% of the women get pregnant with boys.C it is more successful for those who want to have girls.D it is more successful for those who want to have boys.61. The sperm-separation technique is based on the fact that the chromosomes responsible for babies’ sex_____A are of different shapesB are of different sizesC can be identifiedD can be reproduced62. We can infer from this passage that the new technology_________A may not guarantee people a daughter or a son as they desire.B is used by most families for nonmedical reasons.C has brought an insoluble ethical dilemma for mankind.D will lead to a larger proportional of females in the population.Passage ThreeWithout question there are plenty of bargains to be had at sales time ----particularly at the top-quality shops whose reputation depends on having only the best and newest goods in stock eachseason. They tend, for obvious reasons, to be the fashion or seasonal goods which in due course become the biggest bargains.It is true that some goods are specially brought in for the sales but these too can provide exceptional value. A manufacturer may have the end of a range left in his hands and be glad to sell the lot off cheaply to shops; or he may have a surplus of a certain material which he is glad to make up and get rid of cheaply; or he may be prepared to produce a special line at low cost merely to keep his employees busy during slack period. He is likely to have a good many “seconds” available and if their defects are trifling these may be particularly good bargains.Nevertheless, sales do offer a special opportunity for sharp practices and shoppers need to be extra critical. For example the “second” should be clearly marked as such and not sold as if they were perfect. The term “substandard,” incidentally, usually in dicates a more serious defect than “seconds.” More serious is the habit of marking the price down from an alleged previous price which is in fact fictitious. Mis-description of this and all other kinds is much practiced by the men who run one-day sales of carpets in church halls and the like. As the sellers leave the district the day after the sale there is little possibility of redress. In advertising sales, shops may say “only 100 left” when in fact they have plenty more; conversely they may say “10,000 a t half-price” when only a few are available at such a drastic reduction. If ever the warning “let the buyer beware” were necessary it is during sales.63. Which kind of goods can be among the best bargains?A Cheapest goodsB Newest goodsC Seasonal goodsD Goods in stock64. The second paragraph deals with all of the following types of goods EXCEPT ____A surplus goodsB low-cost goodsC the end lot goodsD exceptionally valued goods65. In order to maintain his business during a bad time, a manufacturer may ____A have his goods produced at low cost.B sell his goods at a very low price.C have his employees sell his goods.D try to produce high quality goods.66. The passage suggests that “seconds”____________A are of better quality than “substandard goods”B attract buyers as particularly good bargains.C are defective but marked as perfect.D are goods with serious defects67. The word “redress” ( the underlined word in the last par agraph) probably means ____A dressing againB change of addressC compensation for something wrong.D selling the same product at different prices.68. During sales shoppers should ____A find the best bargains at every opportunity.B beware of being cheated.C buy things that are necessary.D pay more attention to the price. Passage FourHow many of today’s ailment, or even illnesses, are purely psychological? And how far can these be alleviated by the use of drugs? For example a psychiatrist concerned mainly with the emotional problems of old people might improve their state of mind somewhat b y the use of anti-depressants but he would not remove the root cause of their depression ----- the feeling of being useless, often unwanted and handicapped by failing physical powers.One of the most important controversies in medicine today is how far doctors, and particularly psychologists, should depend on the use of drugs for “curing” their patients. It is not merely that drugs may have been insufficiently tested and may reveal harmful side effects as happened in the case of anti-sickness pills prescribed for expectant mothers but the uneasiness of doctor who feel that they are treating the symptoms of a disease without removing the disease itself. On the other hand, some psychiatrists argue that in many cases such as chronic depressive illness it is impossibleto get at the root of the illness while the patient is in a depressed state. Even prolonged psychiatric care may have no noticeable effect whereas some people can be lifted out of a depression by the use of drugs within a matter of weeks. These doctors feel not only that they have no right to withhold such treatment, but that the root cause of depression can be tackled better when the patient himself feels better. This controversy is concerned, however, with the serious psychological illnesses. It does not solve the problem of those whose headaches, indigestion, backache, etc. are due to “nerves”. Commonly a busy family doctor will ascribe them to some physical cause and as a matter of routine prescribe a drug. Once again the symptoms are being cured rather than the disease itself. It may be true to say, as one doctor suggested recently, that over half of the cases that come to the ordinary doctor’s attention are not purely physical ailments. If this is so, the situation is serious indeed.69. The author thinks that drugs used for treating psychological ills ______A could be ineffective in some cases.B usually have harmful side effects.C can greatly alleviate the illnesses.D can remove the root causes.70. The controversy mentioned in the passage focuses on ___A whether psychologists should use drugs to cure their patients.B how psychologists should treat their patients.C the fact that all of the drugs have harmful side effects.D the extent to which drugs should be used to fight psychological illness.71. The passage indicates that psychologists _____A find it impossible to remove a psychological diseaseB feel dissatisfied at treating their patients with drugs.C believe that the root cause of a disease can be ignored.D can do nothing if the patient is in a depressed state .72. When treating patients with psychological problems, some doctors feel that they ____A are at a loss for treatment.B have no right to use drugs.C have to cure their patients by any means.D should use drugs to treat the symptoms.73. A family doctor would normally consider a headache or backache as a result of ____A a more serious diseaseB some emotional problem.C a physical disorderD prolonged work74. Regarding the situation of psychological problems the author feels ____A concernedB hopelessC surprisedD disappointedPassage FiveThose who make the rules for financial institution probably should take a modified oath. Their pledge would be: First, do no harm. Second, if the reforms put before me) are unclear, don’t approve them.Charles Morris may not have intend ed his new book Money, Greed, and Risk to cast such a dim light on the regulators, but it does. In fact, it may serve as a wake-up call for true believers in our current regulatory structure, most of which was erected in the 1930s and most of which Morris seems to favor, despite the stupid results it has caused.Morris, a former Chase Manhattan banking executive, outlines in great detail, again and again, how regulators, lawmakers, firms and many of the customers marched straight into mortgage, currency, thrift (互相储蓄) and other investment disasters. His discussion of Regulation Q, an attempt by Congress in the 1960s to rescue ailing savings and loans by regulating interest rates, reveals not only Congressional economic illiteracy, but also the deep harm such foolish thinking can do to the real economy.After some 260 pages listing the foolish things of Wall Street, regulators and lawmakers, Morris draws some pessimistic conclusions: “One constant in all the crise s is that the regulatory responses come only after a crisis hits its peak.” For example, it “took the S&L crisis of the 1980s to bring honest accounting to thrifts, and it wasn’t until the banking sector suffered huge losses in real estate and foreign loan s that regulators began to enforce strict capital standards.”So, what is the point of regulation? Morris, who is excellent at recounting tales of regulation gone bad, asserts that regulation is absolutely necessary, that it is the essential plumbing in our economic house. Nevertheless, Mr. Morris should have noticed that plumbing requires plumbers, and while a good one can keep a house functional, a rotten plumber can turn a minor drip into a ruinous flood.75. The passage is primarily concerned with ___A recommending Morris’s new book.B criticizing Morris’ attitude to regulations.C describing current economic situations.D commenting on financial regulators.76. Which of the following is true of Money, Greed and Risk?A It discusses the importance of plumbing in keeping a house functional.B It describes a great number of financial disasters in detail .C It analyses the reasons for regulating the banking industry.D It emphasizes the flaws in the financial system of the 1930s.77. Regulation Q is quoted in the passage mainly to ____A demonstrate what kind of examples Morris has cited in his book.B illustrate that misguided policies can be very harmful to economy.C support Morris’s statement about the incompetence of Congres smen and bankers.D refute Morris’s conclusion about the foolishness of the government regulations.78. The government regulations often fail to bring the desired result partly because ____A the regulators do not understand economy well.B the regulations are enforced before a crisis hits its peak.C banking executives do not believe in the current regulatory structure.D the standards for financial institutions are not consistent.79. According to the passage, which of the following is true of Morris?A He needn’t have recounted so many financial disasters.B He has little faith in the present-day regulatory system.C He has failed to point out that regulators are more to blame than unwise regulations.D His book will undermine the readers’ faith in the current regulatory structure.80. The author’s attitude towards Morris’s new book can best be described as ____A scornfulB appreciativeC satiricalD criticalPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points)What’s strange about man is that he has yet to learn to settle disputes by some means other than war. Not only does war take a heavy toll of lives, but leads to increased tension. The use of sophisticated weapons is apt to bring about disasters to human health, although the reluctance to eliminate weapons of mass destruction on the part of the big powers will not necessarily end up with conflicts. The chances are that man will have his own civilization destroyed if the notion of the survival of the fittest still applies to the interna tional community. We can’t help wondering how many years it will take for the world to eliminate war once for all.运用世界领先的技术将使中国有可能摆脱贫穷。

19年考研英语真题及答案19年考研英语真题及答案近年来，考研英语一直是研究生考试中最重要的科目之一。

每年的考研英语真题都备受考生关注，因为它们能够帮助考生了解考试的难度和出题方向。

在本文中，我们将回顾一下19年考研英语真题及答案，希望能够为考生提供一些参考和指导。

第一部分：阅读理解阅读理解是考研英语中最重要的题型之一，也是考生们最常遇到的题型。

19年的考研英语阅读理解部分共有三篇文章，涵盖了不同的主题和文体。

以下是其中一篇文章的摘录及答案解析。

文章摘录：In the past, the key to success was being able to produce things. Today, the key to success is being able to produce ideas. Creativity is the most important factor in the success of individuals and societies. Do you agree or disagree?答案解析：这篇文章的主题是创造力的重要性。

从文章中可以看出，作者认为在过去，成功的关键是能够生产物品，而现在则是能够产生创意。

考生需要根据文章内容及自身的观点来判断是否同意这一观点，并给出理由。

第二部分：完形填空完形填空是考研英语中另一个重要的题型。

它要求考生根据给出的上下文，选择最合适的单词或短语来填空，使得整个文章通顺连贯。

以下是19年考研英语完形填空部分的一段摘录及答案解析。

摘录：The world is changing at an ever-increasing pace, and so is the job market. Inthe past, a university degree was __1__ enough to secure a good job. However, this is no longer the case. Employers are now looking for candidates who notonly have the __2__ knowledge and skills, but also possess the ability to adapt to new challenges and learn __3__. Therefore, it is crucial for today's graduates to__4__ their education and continue to learn throughout their careers.答案解析：1. A. barely B. merely C. hardly D. simply这个题目要求考生根据上下文选择一个合适的词语来填空。

2019年山东省中国海洋大学药学综合考研真题第一部分《药物化学》一、选择题(共30分，每小题2分)1.属于麻醉性镇痛药物的是：A.吗啡B.咖啡因C.多巴胺D.扑热息痛2.可以口服的雌激素类药物是：A.雌三醇B.炔雌醇C.雌酚酮D.雌二醇3.两性霉素B属于A.抗细菌药B.抗肿瘤药C.抗真菌药D.抗病毒药4.紫杉醇的作用靶点是：A.微管蛋白B.拓扑异构酶C.逆转录酶D.组胺受体5.作用于HMG-COA的药物是：A.烟酸B.吉非罗齐C.洛伐他丁D.硝酸甘油6.沙丁胺醇的结构是：7.PGs的是由下列哪种不饱和脂肪酸形成的：A.亚麻酸B.花生四烯酸C.亚油酸D.马来酸8.在抗肿瘤药物中MTX是指：A甲氨蝶呤B氟尿嘧啶C纳曲酮D扑热息痛。

9.氯丙嗪在空间构象上同----部分重叠，从而有助于同受体结合，发挥抗精神病作用；A多巴胺B乙酰胆碱C肾上腺素D胰岛素10.利多卡因比普鲁卡因作用时间长的主要原因是：A.普鲁卡因有芳香伯胺结构；B.利多卡因没有酰胺结构；C.利多卡因的中间连接部分较普鲁卡因短；D.酰胺键比酯键不易水解11.雷尼替丁是：A.为二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂B.为β-内酰胺酶抑制剂C.为血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂D.为H1受体拮抗剂12.维生素A:A.用于防治角膜软化症、眼干症、夜盲症等B.用于防治佝偻病和骨质软化症C.用于防治脚气病、多发性神经炎等D.用于治疗唇炎、舌炎等13.可乐定：A.是α1受体激动剂；B.是β1受体激动剂；C.是β1受体拮抗剂；D.是降压药14.下列药物属于抗代谢抗肿瘤药物的是：A.塞替派B.环磷酰胺C.巯嘌呤D.氮甲15.青霉素作用机理是抑制：A细胞壁B细胞核C线粒体D18SRNA。

二、名词解释(共15分，每小题3分)1.前药；2.激素；3.抗生素；4.LogP;5.生物电子等排体。

三、简答题(共15分，每小题5分)1.简述发现先导化合物的途径。

2.举例说明临床药物作用的主要生物靶点有哪些。