英语长句的译法
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英语长句的译法(一)(1)在翻译长句时, 首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为,无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构, 找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思, 然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系, 再按照汉语的特点和表达方式, 正确地译出原文的意思, 不必拘泥于原文的形式。
一、英语长句的分析一般来说, 造成长句的原因有三方面: (1) 修饰语过多;(2) 并列成分多; (3) 语言结构层次多。
在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法:(1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语, 从整体上把握句子的结构。
(2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。
(3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。
(4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。
(5) 注意插入语等其他成分。
(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。
下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析:例1. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。
(2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等, 这五个谓语结构之间的关系为: Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构为主句; who is raised in an environment为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为child; where there are many stimuli为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为environment; which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句, 所修饰的先行词为stimuli; 在suggest的宾语从句中, 主语为child, 谓语为experience, 宾语为greater intellectual development.在作了如上的分析之后, 我们就会对该句具有了一个较为透彻的理解, 然后根据我们上面所讲述的各种翻译方法, 就可以把该句翻译成汉语为:行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last gerention or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, andshould want, to do everything that by traditionmen have done at the same time as prettywelleverything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waster their opportunities,there will have to be much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
把原文的一个简单句译成两个或两个以上的句子,这叫分译法。
使用分译法,可以把原句中的一个词,一个短语或一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的句子。
一、把原文中单词译成句子(一)副词1.They tried vainly to blame us for the breakdown in the truce talk.他们试图把和谈的罪名加在我们头上,但没得逞。
英语翻译过程中,英语长句的译法大致可采取以下四种方法来进行。
一、顺序法有的英语句子虽长,但它所叙述的动作基本上是按时间顺序、地点顺序或逻辑关系安排的,这与我们中国人的思维方式相吻合,因此,翻译时可依从原文语序。
例: In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said,when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.分析:此句不算很长,但主句宾语a boy 细藤结大瓜似地带着一个非限制性定语从句直贯句尾,而从句中又有宾语从句that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 此宾语从句中的划线部分又是一个原因状语从句,整个句框形成三级从句;宾语从句中的谓语动词said 与它的宾语从句之间又为一时间状语when I spoke to him 所隔。
翻译时若要体现这纷繁复杂的语法关系简直难以行文,因而译文按照原文的顺序,将所发生的事情依序道来,虽未复现原文中诸从句与其被修饰语的关系,但原文的思想内容无一遗漏,叙述脉络清晰,符合逻辑关系和汉语行文习惯。
译文:在非洲,我遇到了一个男孩,他哭得伤心极了,我问他时,他说他饿了,两天没有吃饭了。
二、逆序法有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语习惯不尽相同甚至恰恰相反,这就要求我们在翻译时须逆着原文,从后面译起。
例: Is it our sound and considered judgment that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll- playing?分析:原文为了句子结构的平衡用形式主语“it”代替冗长的主语从句,而汉语中没有相同的句子结构,译文逆着原文的顺序先译主语从句的内容再译主句框架,将原文的意义表达得一清二楚,口气语势也与原文一般无二。
英语长句的翻译技巧英语长句是很复杂的句子,很多人觉得在翻译长句时很是吃力。
那么英语长句有哪些翻译方法媕娿?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语长句的翻译技,希望大家喜欢!英语长句的翻译技巧1.顺译法顺译法是指在处理一些叙述层次依次相连,跟汉语相近的长句时,按原句的自然顺序进行翻译,并根据具体情况,适当增加或省略有关的连接词。
例如:例一:Visual cues from audience members can indicate that a speech is dragging, that the speaker is dwelling on a particular point for too long, or that a particular point requires further explanation.听众的眼神可以表明,演说过于拖沓,演说者在某一点上讲的太多,或者在某一点上还需要作进一步的解释。
例二:But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。
PART2.倒译法有时英语长句的结构层次与汉语相反,要从英语原文的后面译起,自下而上,颠倒次序进行翻译。
一般来说,英语长句不符合汉语习惯的情况比较多,所以在翻译实践中,倒译通常要多于顺译。
例一:It remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply world economy which would have grown by 500 percent .如果世界经济真的以5倍于现有的速度增长,那么原材料的储备是否能充分满足其需求,尚不得而知。
浅析英语长句的翻译方法英语长句翻译是翻译工作中的一个难点,因为英语语言多用从句表达复杂的意思,而从句往往包含大量的修饰成分和复杂的语法结构,使得翻译时需要灵活运用各种翻译方法和技巧。
下面就对英语长句的翻译方法进行简要分析。
1. 分析句子结构: 在翻译长句时,首先需要分析原句的结构和语法,确定主干和从句、定语、状语等,以此为基础进行翻译。
例如:原句: The teacher, who is from England, is teaching us English, which is very popular all over the world.翻译:这位来自英格兰的教师正在教我们英语,这门语言在全世界非常流行。
2. 利用逗号和破折号: 英语中经常使用逗号和破折号分隔不同成分,翻译时可以利用这些标点符号协调长句的表达。
例如:3. 运用简化等效原则: 英语语言中,有些次要的修饰成分可以简化或省略,翻译时可以根据语境选择简化或省略译法。
例如:原句: The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.翻译:我昨天买的书很有趣。
4. 转换句式: 有些长句可以通过转换句式,改为简单句或者需要表达的语言习惯来使其更易理解。
例如:原句: As soon as I finish my work, I will call you back.翻译:我完成工作后立即给你回电话。
5. 建立逻辑关联: 在翻译长句时,需要建立逻辑关联,尤其是对于具有并列或递进关系的长句。
例如:总之,翻译英语长句需要系统的语法知识、扎实的译文功底和灵活运用翻译技巧。
通过分析句子结构、利用逗号和破折号、简化等效原则、转换句式和建立逻辑关联等方法,可以更准确地表达原文的含义。
英语长句翻译的技巧一、顺序法I think he realized discomfort, for he leant forward in his chair and spoke to me, his voice gentle, asking if I would have some more coffee, and when I shook my head I felt that his eyes were still upon me, puzzled.我认为他意识到了我的不安,因为他坐在椅子上倾过身来对我说话,温文尔雅的问我要不要来电咖啡,而且当我摇了摇头时,我感觉到他的一双眼睛依旧困惑不解的盯着我看。
二、逆序法Such is a human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.许多人经常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取白领工人的社会地位,这在西方倒是人之常情。
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, who boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the still resistance that gets in the way.由于受到顽强抵抗,吹嘘能在几小时内就占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带,这一事实使我加强了信心。
三、分译法The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a side spread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在一次记者招待会上,问题集中于头一天的选举结果,总统就此发了言。
英语长句翻译的五种方法科技英语具有逻辑性强、构造严密、表达明确等特点。
这些特点决定了科技英语的一个显著特征是含有大量长句。
英语长句后置修饰语多,并列成份多,句法构造复杂,层次重叠。
因此,进展长句翻译时,要注意英译汉语序上的差异和英汉表达方式的差异。
英语长句汉译时主要采用以下五种方法:顺译法、倒译法、内嵌法、分译法、拆离重组法。
顺译法是指在英译汉过程中,按原文行文的先后顺序或按内容的逻辑顺序,依次译出的翻译方法。
It is important to remember that the position of a given grade of steel can be subject to variations within the range of its specification,and such variations in position,impurity elements and also grainsize caused in hot-working process will result in differences in both response to heat treatment and variations in mechanical properties.重要的是要记住,给定牌号钢的化学成份在其规定范围内可能发生一些变化,这样一些在热加工过程中引起的存在于成份、杂质元素、还有品粒大小上的变化,将使热处理工艺和力学性能产生一些差异。
原句由一个主句、两个宾语从句组成。
由于原句的表达与汉语的表达是根本一致的,因此整个句子的翻译按照原句的语序顺译即可。
The civil engineer must be able to select and utilize effectively the products provided by the other branches ofthe profession developing consumer goods,such as the materials of construction and industry,including steel,timber,concrete and many other materials;and engaging the modern application and use of steam,electric and gas power engines and machines.土建工程师一定要能够有效地选择和利用本行业和部门提供的产品。
从汉英差异浅谈英语长句的译法在英语中,长句子的使用比中文更为普遍,尤其是在学术和专业领域,因此在翻译英语长句时也需要更多的技巧和经验。
下面以汉英差异为例,浅谈英语长句的译法。
一、从语法结构入手1. 长句的拆解在翻译英语长句时,可先将长句拆解为若干个简单句,然后再进行翻译。
在拆解句子时,需要根据构成句子的成分(主语、谓语、宾语等)进行拆解,尽可能使拆解后的简单句和原句的语法结构保持一致。
例句:原句:Although her English was not very good,she managed to pass the exam拆句:Although her English was not very good,she managed to pass the exam.2. 并列句的翻译在英语句子中,常使用并列句的方式表达一种平行关系。
在翻译并列句时,可采用平行结构的方式进行翻译。
例如,采用并列连词进行连接或用逗号将两个简单句连接起来,使翻译后的句子与原句具有同样的并列关系。
例句:原句:The food was delicious and the service was excellent.翻译:食物美味,服务优良。
3. 从句的翻译英语中常使用从句来表示一种递进、因果或条件关系。
在翻译从句时,可以将从句翻译为与原句相近的简单句,或者根据不同的语境进行灵活翻译。
在翻译过程中,需要注意句子的语义和逻辑关系,尽可能准确地表达原句的意思。
例句:原句:I didn't watch the game because I was busy.翻译:我没有看比赛,因为我很忙。
二、从语境出发1. 考虑文体特点在翻译英语长句时,需要考虑文体特点,如技术手册、学术论文、小说等,不同的文体有不同的译法。
比如,在翻译技术手册时,应注重准确性和规范性;在翻译小说时,更应注重语言的流畅性和艺术性。
例句:原句:The purpose of this study is to examinethe effects of climate change on wildlife in the Arctic.技术手册翻译:此研究的目的是研究气候变化对北极野生动物的影响。
长句的译法翻译长句时,首先要弄清原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及各层意思,然后分析各层之间的逻辑关系(因果、时间顺序等),再按汉语的特点和表达方式,正确的译出原文的意思,不拘泥于形式。
长句的译法主要有以下几种:顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法。
一、顺序法1)If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.分析:这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语从句和三个定语从句组成的。
“她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣”是主句,也是全句的中心内容。
主句前面是一个假设状语从句,其中又包含一个定语从句,这个定语从句较长,所以,在译文中加破折号放在被修饰语之后。
全句共有五层意思:(一)她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色;(二)二十六年前这些东西曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特;(三)在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣;(四)不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳;(五)灰蓝的眼睛也已经有点儿饱满了。
原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致,因此可按原句顺序译出。
译文:如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色眼睛的,花儿般的魅力,也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁,苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色--二十六年前这种花容月貌曾迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特--那么在四十三岁的今天,她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣,不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳,而灰蓝的眼睛也有点儿饱满了。
Unit 14 the Translation of English Long Sentences英语长句的翻译教学目的:通过练习、讲解英语长句翻译,了解翻译长句的基本对策,能在翻译实践中使用恰当的翻译方法。
教学重点:英语长句的三大翻译方法:1、顺序译法;2、变序译法;3、分句译法。
教学难点:英语长句的理解;英语长句的汉语表达教学内容:1、顺序译法If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥,即使只在那里逗留一两个小时,你也会感到从密歇根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风,这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。
(定语从句作了相应的改变,译成一个补充说明的分句,放在全句的后面)After walking a long way, the young man came upon a foolish man who had fasten a pair of trousers between trees and who was jumping with all his might high up in the air and trying to hit the two legs of them as he came down.这个年轻人走了很远的路之后碰上了一个愚蠢的人,这个人把一条裤子系在两棵树之间,正在尽全身力气向上跳,想在落下来时两条腿正好套进两只裤脚里去。
It was the moment I ceased being a child, w hen I began to have an adult’s awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. 从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩,我开始有了成年人的意识,能意识到人生的伤痛与灾难。
长句的翻译方法1.顺序翻译法(1)The problem is that the last generation or so we’re come to assume that women should be able, and should want, to do everything that by tradition men have done at the same time as prettywell everything that by tradition women have done.问题是,在过去二十年时间里,我们已经认定,妇女们应该能够且应该想做男人们想做男人们传统上所做的一切,而同时也能够做得跟妇女们传统上所做的一切同样好。
(2)Exercise*Prior to the twentieth century,women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individual and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the mali-dominated culture.2. 逆序翻译法(1)It therefore becomes more and more important that, if studentsare not to waste theiropportuniti es,there will have tobe much detailed informationabout courses and advice.因此,如果要使学生充分利用(上大学)的机会,就得为他们提供关于课程的更为详尽的信息,作更多的指导。
这个问题显得越来越重要了。
(2)Exercises*It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reason why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood.*A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slum when in the United States the intellectual poor because the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the beat generation, a real phenomenon in the later fifties.*Such a human nature in the west that a great many people are often willingto sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.*Clear-cut guidelines and politics have been worked out and expressed in accurate language concerning the economy, politics, science and technology, education, culture and military and foreign affairs.3. 分译法翻译英语句子时,有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来或只作稍改变即可,但在不少情况下则必须将原来的句子结构作较大的改变。
长句翻译(二)一.顺序法原句的句法结构、句子内容是按逻辑次序盘拍的,所叙述的一连串动作是按动作发生的时间先后安排的,与汉语表达方式相近,此时可采用顺序法,即按原文顺序译出。
例1:It was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother, the growing embryo becomes fixated on the sound of the heartbeat; if this is so, then the rediscovery of this familiar sound after birth might have a calming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been thrust into a strange and frighteningly new world outside.译文1:有人提出,如果生长的胎儿在母体内就记住了母体的心跳声,那么婴儿出生后,尤其是它刚刚来到外面这一陌生而令人惊恐的新世界时,这种重新发现会使它得到镇定。
译文2:有人提出,胎儿在母体内生长时就记住了母体的心跳声;如果是这样的话,那么婴儿出生后重新发现这一熟悉的心跳会对它起到一种镇静的作用,尤其是它刚刚来到外面这一陌生而令人惊恐的新世界时。
二.换序法当英语句中的逻辑次序与汉语相反时,翻译时应该按照汉语的逻辑、实践顺序调整语序。
例2:And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girlfriend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.译文1:他知道他会非常地丢脸,如果他的女朋友知道了他的母亲,他出生的地方以及他所出生的人群。